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Investigations Into a Possible Cancer Cluster on the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria

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Investigations Into a Possible Cancer Cluster on the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria The Senate Community Affairs References Committee Investigations into a possible cancer cluster on the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria June 2021 © Commonwealth of Australia 2021 ISBN 978-1-76093-235-0 (Printed Version) ISBN 978-1-76093-235-0 (HTML Version) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. Printed by the Senate Printing Unit, Parliament House, Canberra Committee Members Chair Senator Rachel Siewert AG, WA Deputy Chair Senator Wendy Askew LP, TAS Members Senator Catryna Bilyk ALP, TAS (from 5 February 2020) Senator Nita Green ALP, QLD (from 16 March 2021) Senator Hollie Hughes LP, NSW Senator Anne Urquhart ALP, TAS Substitute Members Senator Raff Ciccone ALP, VIC (for Senator Urquhart on 20 April 2021) Senator the Hon Sarah Henderson LP, VIC (for Senator Askew on 29 June 2021) Senator Murray Watt ALP, QLD (for Senator Bilyk on 29 June 2021) Participating Members Senator the Hon Sarah Henderson LP, VIC Former Members Senator Raff Ciccone ALP, VIC (from 5 December 2019 to 5 February 2020) Senator Malarndirri McCarthy ALP, NT (until 16 March 2021) Senator Deborah O'Neill ALP, NSW (until 5 December 2019) iii Secretariat Jeanette Radcliffe, Committee Secretary Apolline Kohen, Acting Committee Secretary Pothida Youhorn, Committee Secretary Anna Hough, Principal Research Officer Sarah McFadden, Principal Research Officer Sarah Batts, Senior Research Officer Anneke Myers, Senior Research Officer Lorraine Watson, Research Officer Carol Stewart, Administrative Officer Sarah Fallows, Administrative Officer PO Box 6100 Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Phone: 02 6277 3515 Fax: 02 6277 5829 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.aph.gov.au/senate_ca iv Table of Contents Committee Members ........................................................................................................................ iii Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................................ ix Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... xi List of Recommendations .............................................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1—Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Structure of the report ......................................................................................................................... 2 Role of the committee .......................................................................................................................... 3 Bellarine Peninsula .............................................................................................................................. 3 Cancer clusters ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Conduct of the inquiry ........................................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 6 Notes on references .................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2—Community concerns .................................................................................................... 9 Health concerns ................................................................................................................................... 9 Incidence of cancers ............................................................................................................... 11 Autoimmune diseases ............................................................................................................ 13 Geographic locations .............................................................................................................. 13 Responses to community concerns about cancer incidence rates .................................... 14 Historical use of pesticides ............................................................................................................... 16 Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) ....................................................................................... 16 Mosquito-spraying program ................................................................................................. 17 Responses to community concerns about a link between cancer and the historical use of pesticides .................................................................................................................. 21 Committee view ................................................................................................................................. 22 Health concerns ....................................................................................................................... 22 Mosquito-spraying program ................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3—Responses to community concerns .......................................................................... 25 Cancer cluster assessments ............................................................................................................... 25 Process for investigating suspected cancer clusters ........................................................... 25 Difficulties with assessing suspected cancer clusters ...................................................... 28 v Government responses to community concerns ........................................................................... 30 Chief Health Officer’s initial investigation of cancer rates on the Bellarine Peninsula: January 2019 ................................................................................................................. 31 Interagency group: January 2019 .......................................................................................... 40 Community Open House event: February 2019 ................................................................. 40 Potential Cancer Cluster Expert Advisory Group: March 2019 ...................................... 42 Cancer Council Victoria report: October 2019 .................................................................... 44 Cancer Council Victoria report update: March 2021 ......................................................... 49 Gaps in investigations to date .......................................................................................................... 53 Autoimmune disease .............................................................................................................. 53 Insufficient analysis of possible chemical exposures for Barwon Heads residents ...... 53 Trust and communication ..................................................................................................... 54 Committee view ................................................................................................................................. 56 Responses from the Victorian Department of Health ........................................................ 56 Gaps in information and analysis ......................................................................................... 57 Chapter 4—Pesticide use on the Bellarine Peninsula ................................................................ 59 Pesticide regulation in Australia ...................................................................................................... 59 APVMA role ............................................................................................................................ 59 Role of state and territory governments .............................................................................. 61 Pesticides used for mosquito control .............................................................................................. 62 Framework for mosquito management in Victoria............................................................ 63 Mosquito control on the Bellarine Peninsula ...................................................................... 64 Chapter 5—Concerns about pesticide use .................................................................................... 73 Issues raised by inquiry participants .............................................................................................. 73 Exposures to chemical insecticides ....................................................................................... 74 Disease causation .................................................................................................................... 79 Further investigations ....................................................................................................................... 88 Fixed retrospective cohort study .......................................................................................... 89 Retrospective exposure study ............................................................................................... 90 No further investigations .....................................................................................................
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