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Vol. Vi. Georgetown College, January, 1878

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Vol. Vi. Georgetown College, January, 1878 VOL. VI. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, JANUARY, 1878. No. 4 (Copyright Secured.) transacted at the meetings, the following ex- Rhode Island the laws against Catholics were tract from Campbell’s biography* of our foun- repealed. When those who had been so far THE der, seems an appropriate introduction. It the dupes of misrepresentation and intolerance EARLY HISTORY was the growth of the more]tolerant sentiments as to believe that Catholics were as ignorant of their fellow-countrymen, as here described, and debased as their calumniators had repre- OF that held up the hands of these venerable mis- sented them to be—beheld the accomplished GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, sionaries, in the work they now entered upon: and respectable officers of the French army —which , inspired these orphaned sons of the and navy, and the gallant Kosciusko, Pulaski, WITH A persecuted and maligned Society of Jesus with &c. &c. piously engaged in the most solemn exercises of the Catholic religion, they learned BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OP ITS new activity, in the prospect of reaping with joy, in the field of religion, the fruits that had to respect what they had before scoffed at. FOUNDER, hitherto been gathered by them with tears. The French regiments and ships were accom- “ Several circumstances during the progress panied by priests as chaplains, and in the aasd extracts from his of the revolutionary war had contributed to march through the country, Catholic worship remove or diminish the prejudices entertained was frequently performed in the meeting COBBESP ONDENCE. in many states against the Catholic religion. houses of other Christian denominations. The IV. While engaged in the formation of constitu- fact too that many Catholic citizens had con- tributed by their services and their labors to The final triumph of the American arms in tions, their citizens were led to study the prin- the achievement of independence, had estab- the War of Independence led to negotiations ciples of liberty in their practical application lished a claim to liberty of conscience that on botli sides for a cessation of hostilities, and to government; and the injustice of proscri- silenced the bigot and the persecutor, and jus- a treaty “of peace was signed at Paris bing men for their religious belief, or for their tified Catholics in their exertions to place their by commissioners from England and America, mode of worshiping the Almighty, was gene- church upon an equal footing with the mem- Nov. 30th, 1782 : a more definite one, Sept. rally admitted. But long settled habits of 4n- bers of other denominations. On the conclu- 3d, 1783, settled all matters in dispute. Three tolerance still kept alive, in many places, feel- months after, the American army disbanded. ings of aversion to a religion which they only sion of the revolutionary war, and the restora- On the 23d of December, 1783, the Command- knew from the misrepresentations of their En- tion of peace by the treaty of 1783, the Cath- er-in-chief of the American forces repaired to glish ancestors—who, the spoilers of church olic clergy were anxious to adopt regulations Annapolis, where Congress was at the time in property, sought to justify themselves in their for their own government, and for the preser- vation and management of the property held session, and surrendered his military authority ill-gotten possessions, by misrepresentations for the benefit of religion, which, being in the to those who had conferred it upon him. of the doctrines, and slanderous imputations names of individuals in confidential trust, it In this interval, Rev. Mr. Carroll’s attention against the morals of the plundered and pro- was impossible to take precautions to guard was drawn to ^the objectionable relations sub- scribed Catholics. Until the revolutionary against the alienation of it by death or any sisting between the Maryland clergy and the war, the worship of God, according to the rites other cause. country from which the American people had of the Catholic church, had never been prac- “Aletter from several of the clergy having just wrung their independence. Rev. Mr. tised in New England. And the solemn farce been addressed to Rev. Mr. Lewis, vicar of the Lewis’s position as ecclesiastical superior un- in commemoration of the deliverance from the bishop of London for Maryland and Pennsyl- der a Bishop resident in England, seemed to gunpowder plot,f was performed in many vania, &c. &c., and superior at the time of the him inconsistent with the political order now- places to keep up a holy horror for the abomi- dissolution of the Society of Jesus, praying established: and indeed Mr. Lewis' himself nations of popery. Even Rhode Island—the that he would attend a meeting which they took the same view. Meetings of the clergy land of Roger Williams—had such exhibitions; conceived to be absolutely necessary for the were called during 1783, to consider this sub- and in Charleston, South Carolina, as late as preservation and well government of all mat- ject, and also to take measures for the protec- 1774, the pope and the devil were made per- ters and concerns of the clergy, and the ser- tion of the property interests committed to formers in the same pageant.! The alliance vice of religion in those countries, Mr. Lewis their charge. Considering Rev. Mr. Carroll’s with France, however, and the aid of her Cath- expressed his entire approbation of the design, views on the latter topic, as expressed in the olic armies to the cause of American indepen- correspondence already quoted, it is not diffi- dence, dissipated some of the mists of preju- and notice was accordingly givem to the clergy generally of the time and place of meeting and cult to surmise his active agency in procuring dice, and when the Frencti fleet approached their attendance requested. these meetings, as the documents and corres- *“ Life and Times,” &c. U. S. Cath. Mag. for “ On the 27th of June, 1783, the first meet- pondence preceding them would doubtless 1844. P. 370. ing was held at Whitemarsh, Prince George’s show, were they at hand. In these conferen fFor a severe reproof by -Washington himself of the “ ridiculous and childish custom of burning the county, at which were present Revds. John ces, first or last, his plan of an “ Academy” effigy of the Pope,” see extract from his Orderly Carroll, John Ashton, Charles Sewell, Bernard was considered, developing subsequently into Book, Nov. 5th, 1775, quoted by Sparks, Yol. Ill Diderick, Sylvester Boarman, who attended in the establishment of GEORGETOWN COLLEGE. P. 144. their own behalf as clergymen in the service of But before proceeding to narrate the business fDrayton’s Memoirs. 38 GEORGETOWN this country ; and Leonard Neale in behalf of accept of the vacant charge, application hav- bell’s “ Life and Times.”* In reference to^a himself and Ignatius Mathews, Lewis Roels1 ing first been made to the superior in spiritu- memorial which)Mr. Plowden had forwarded and John Bolton, residing at Port Tobacco, alibus.” to the Austrian emperor, asking compensation Maryland. The object was agreed to be, to Article XIX provides that “ the person in- for the robberies committed at Bruges by the establish a form of government for the clergy, vested with spiritual jurisdiction in this coun- imperial authorities, at the time of the expul- and lay down rules for the administration and try, shall not, in that capacity, have any power sion of the Jesuits from that city, the writer government of their property. over or in the temporal property of the clergy ” says : “If the emperor is desirous of establish- “ At this meeting, the first draft of a form Some supplementary provisions prescribe ing indeed the character of justice and impar- l> of government was made, which was revied at that when two or more clergymen reside to- tial administration which he so much affects, a second meeting at the same place on the 6th gether, a system of equality shall be observed, he cannot refuse a demand so undeniably just.” of November following, by delegates of all the and every idea of dependence on, or subjection But Mr. Carroll thought that from one who clergy; namely, Revds. John Lewis for the of one to the other, must be excluded.” A exhibited the traits that characterized Joseph northern district, which comprised the whole standing committee was appointed, consisting II. little was to be expected : for, says he, “I of Pennsylvania and the eastern shore of Mary- of Revd s John Lewis, Thomas Digges, and cannot help thinking that every prince who land ; John Carroll and Bernard Diderick for Ferdinand Farmer, to whom all differences strives so much to concentre all power within the middle district, composed of all that part were to be referred that might arise among the himself; to destroy every other exercise of of the western shore of Maryland which is clergy. Provision was also made for masses authority, however respectable and ancient; north of Charles county ; and Ignatius Mat- for deceased members. to render the condition of his subjects preca- thews and James Walton for the southern dis- The clergy who formed these regulations rious by obliging many to relinquish the state triot, composed of Charles and St. Mary’s were all former members of the society, and they were engaged in under the sanction of all counties, and the regulations were completed although only ten years had elapsed since its the laws sacred and civil; I say that I cannot at a third meeting at the same place, on the suppression, their hopes were ever confidently help thinking that every such prince is in his 11th of October, 1784, ‘ and declared to be turned towards its early restoration.
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