DOCSLIB.ORG

RADIATION POLYMERIZATION of VINYLENE CARBONATE By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RADIATION POLYMERIZATION of VINYLENE CARBONATE By PERU RADIATION POLYMERIZATION OF VINYLENE CARBONATE by Norman G. Schnautz Anne Lustig Henriette Roesch ATOMIC ENERGY BOARD Pelindaba 9 PRETORIA May 1978 Republic of South Africa PER-11-1 ATOMIC ENERGY BOARD RADIATION POLYMERIZATION OF VINYLENE CARBONATE by Norman G. Schnautz,* Anne Lustigand Henriette Roesch "Chemistry Division Postal Address: Private Bag X256 Pretoria 0001 May 1978 ISBN 0 86960 655 7 »•**•**! »•#• CONTENTS P.igu SAMEVATTING 3 ABSTRACT 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. EXPERIMENTAL 4 2.1 Materials 4 2.2 Irradiation Sources 4 2.3 Sample Preparation 4 2.4 Analyses 4 3. RADIATION-INDUCED HOMOPOLYMERIZATION OF VINYLENE CARBONATE ... 4 3.'! Introduction 4 3.2 Results and Discussion 4 4. RADIATION INDUCED COPOLYMERIZATION OF VINYLENE CARBONATE WITH ISOBUTYL VINYL ETHER 6 4.1 Introduction 6 4.2 Results and Discussion 7 5. RADIATION INDUCED TELOMERIZATION OF VINYLENE CARBONATE WITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE g 5.1 Introduction g 5.2 Telomerizp'.on Kinetics g 5.3 Results e id Discussion 11 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ,7 7. REFERENCES PER 11 3 SAMEVATTING ABSTRACT Die stralinijSgeinclusetircle polimenserin.j van The radiation-induced polymerization of vinylene viniieenkarbonaat met n suiwerneid «an 99.97 °o is carbonate of 99,97 % purity has been investigated. The ondersoek. Die verband tussen omsettings- en bestralingstyd relationship between conversion and irradiation time is is streng lineêr, selfs by die laagste omsettings, wat dus strictly linear, even at the lowest conversions, thus proving bewys dat die normale induksietydperk wat vir die that the normal induction period observed for the pclimerisemg van vinileenkarbonaat met laer suiwerheid in polymerization o' lower-purity vinylene carbonate indeed ag geneem word inderdaad die gevolg van die aanwesigheid results from the presence of an inhibitor. Although the van 'n stremstof is. Hca/vel die stremstof me uitgeken kon identity of the inhibitor has not been established, it has word nie, is daar getoon dat dit nie been shown that it is not dichlorovinylene carbciate. An dichloro-vinileenkarbonaat was nie. 'n Aktiveringsenergie activation energy of 15,1 kj/mole was calculated for the van 15,1 kJ/mol is vir die bomopolimeriseerproses bereken. homopolymerization process. Die stralingsgeihduseerde kopolimerisering van vinileenkarbonaat [M]) met isobutielvinieleter (M2) is oor The radiation-induced copolymerization of vinylene die temperatuurstrek van 40 tot 80 °C ondersoek. Die carbonate (Mi) with isobutyl vinyl ether (M2) has been monomeer se reaktiwiteitsverhoudings r-j en r2 is investigated over the temperature range o' 40-80 °C. The onderskeidelik as 0,118 en 0,148 vasgestel, en n monomer reactivity ratios ry and r2 werj determined to be aktiveringsenergie van 31,8kJ/mol is vir die 0,118 and 0,148 respectively, and an activation energy of kopol'meerproses bereken. 31,8 kJ/mole was calculated for the copolymerization Die stralingsgeihduseerde tclomerisering van process. vinileenkarbonaat met koolstoftetrachioried is oor 'n konsentrasieverhoudingstrek van 4 tot 20 vir telogeen tot The radiation-induced telomerization of vinylene monomeer ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat die carbonate with carbon tetrachloride has been investigated vormingstempo van die adduk nr~1 ona'hanklik van over a telogen to monomer concentration ratio range of 4 monomeerkonsentrasie an regstreeks in verhoudi.ig tot die to 20. The rate of formation of the n=1 adduct was found telogeenkonsentrasie was, met 'n kragafhanklikheid van die to be independent of monomer concentration, directly orde 0,38 van die stralingsintensiteit, war oor die algemeen proportional to the te'ogen concentration, and exhibiting a met die afgele de temp'overgelykings oorei-ngestem het. 0,38 order power dependence on the radiation intensity, in Daar is verder gevintl dat die vormingstempc van die general agreement with the derived rate equations. The rate telomeer n 2 onafhanklik van beide monomeei en of formation of the n~ 2 telomer was found to be telogeenkonsentrasies en van stralingsintensiteit was wat nie independent of both monomer and telogen concentrations in ooreenstemming met die afgeleide tempovergelykings and radiation intensity, which is not in agreement with the was nie. Die eerste en tweedí kettingoordragkoëffisiente C-\ derived rate equations. The first and second chain-transfer en C2 is onderskeidelik as 0,116 en 0,34 bepaal, en die coefficients C1 and C2 were determined to be 0,116 and aktivenngsenergiee vir d.n vorming van die adduk n 1 en 0,34 respectively, and the activation energies for the die telomeer n 2 is onderskeidelik 05 17,6 en 64,9 kJ/mol formation of the n-1 adduct and nr2 telomer were bereken. calculated to be 17,6 and 64,9 kJ/mole respectively. PER 11 4 1. INTRODUCTION 24 Analyses Newman and Addor described both the first synthesis Tha homo and copolymers which were formed were and polymerization of vinylene carbonate (VCA) (1.2|. transfered to preweighed vials with the aid of 5 ml of 50 % dimethylfurmamiae-acetone solution and dried in vacuo at 50 °C to a constant mass. Telomers which were formed were transferred to vials with the aid ot 5 ml of acetone and subjected to GC analysis. VGA is interesting as a vinyl monomer for radical Gaschromatographic analyses werr carried out on a polymerization processes in that, although its overall rate of Perkin-E'mer 900 gas chromatograph. Monomer purity was polymerization is low compared with methyl methacrylate, determined using a 1/8 inch diameter stainless steel column it is unusually high tor a vinyl monomer in which the vinyl 2 m long, packed with a mixture of 10% FFAP on group is symetricaily disubsiituted. Polyvinylene carbonate Chromosorb W AW-DMCS. Analysis of telomer-acetone (PVCAi is of interest because it can yield a tough, clear solutions was carried out using a 1/8 inch diamete stainless plastic from which both films and fibres have been stsel column 2 m long, packed with a mixture of 5 % Dow produced (3|. Comprehensive reviews of the preparation Corning silicone high-vacuum grease on Chromosorb G and polymerization of VCA have been reported by Field AWDMCS. and Schaefgen [3], and Hardy (4|. Mass spectra were determined using a GC-MS system consisting of a Varian Aerograph Series 1200 gas This report will be concerned with three aspects of chromatograph coupled to a Varian Mat (Gmbh) CH7 mass the gamma-radiation-induced polymerization of VCA. The spectrometer. first is a study of the reaction kinetics of homopolymerization of VCA, and the second, the Infrared analyses were carried out on a Perkin-Eimer copolymerization of VCA with sooutyl vinyl ether (IBVE). 237 grating infrared spectrometer. Polymer films were cast The third aspect is an investigation of the telomerization of on potassium bromide discs. VCA with carbon tetrachloride. Number average molecular masses were obtained by membrane osmometry, acetone being used as the solvent 2. EXPERIMENTAL for the copolymers at 30 °C. Thermal analyses of the copolymers were carried ojt 2.1 Materials on a Perkin-Elmer DSC 18 differential scanning calorimeter. Vinyiene cartonate was prepared by the method of 3. RADIATION-INDUCED Newman and Addor [ 1) and modified as suggested by Zief HOMOPOLYMERIZATION OF VINYLENE and Schramm |5|. Purification was by vacuum distillation CARBONATE over sodium borohydride, a; described by Field and Schaefgen |3). The purity of the resulting product as 3.1 Introduction determined by GC ranged from 99,5 % to 99,57 % after repeated fractional distillations. Dichlorovinylene carbonate Newman and Addor first reported the polymerization (DCVCA) was prepared by the method of Scharf, Pinske, of VCA in 1955 |2j. Since then numerous authors have Feilen and Drcste |6). Isobutyl vinyl ether (Fluka AF) was reported their findings concerning both fundamental and vacuum-distilled prior to usage. Carbon tetrachloride and all practical aspects of the polymerization r,' 'A. solvents were of analytical grade. To date, studies on the polymen/ ,i of VCA have been coif;ned primarily to chemical-initiated free-'adical 2.2 Irradiation Sources processes. There are only a few reports in the literature concerning the radiation-induced liquid-state and solid-state polymerization of VCA [7,8|, and Krebs and Schneider Irradiations were carried out in both an AECL have reported in detail on the a[ parent induction period in Gammabearn 650 (50 kCi) and a Gammaceli 220 (10 kCi) thp initial stage of the radiation-indu:ed polymerization of irradiation source. Dose rates for both sources were VCA |9,10). The purpose of this particular aspect of the determined by Fricke dosimetry. Irradiations at different radiation polymerization of VCA is to explain this unusual temperatures were carried cut in both source;, using a induction period, which normally exhibits itself at metal sample container thiough which an appropriate conveisions below 10% as an acceleration of the rate of cooling or heating fluid could be passed. Temperature polymerization. control over the range 30 °C to 90 °C, to an accuracy of •0,2 °C, was obtained using a cryostat. 3.2 Results and Discussion 2.3 Sample Preparation The polymerization of VCA of 99,5% purity (GC) Monomer, comonorrer, and monomer-teloge.i was carried out initially at a temperature of 65 °C and at a mixtures were prepared by weighing the appropriate dose rate of 3,0 kGy/h. The chlorine content of this VCA quantities of monomers and telogen into 3-ml giass sample was 0,25 % The rate curve shown in Figure 1 ampoules at room temperature, subjecting each sample to Clearly illustrates the relationship between percentage four consecutive degassing eye'es and sealing under vacuum. conversion and irradiation timo The above VCA sample reaii 5 >•''.'A i'.)9.l>' : an;i 0,iL c CD in dimethyl sulfoxide a) Y.\)) vvjs pit;: and and Irradiated at 65 °C and at a dose 'ji.i of '!0 kGy/h. A: C3n be seen in Figure 2, a strictly p.-: ÍV" ,i ••a- relationship exists between converson and irradiation tt", it t lime v.n at the iovust conversions, although the rate of poivieiization is the same as the linear region [i.e.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PART I: ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS
    PART I: ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS PART II: BLOCK POLYMERIZATIONS Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Gollmar, Herbert George, 1938- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 02:40:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288205 This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-1676 GOLLMAR, Herbert George, 1938- PART I: ORGA-NOSELICON COMPOUNDS. PART H: BLOCK POLYMERIZATIONS. University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1969 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PART I: ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS PART II: BLOCK POLYMERIZATIONS by Herbert George Gollmar A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Herbert George Gollmar entitled . PART I; ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS PART II: BLOCK POLYMERIZATIONS be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy lb / % ^ Dissertation Director f D^e ' After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the folloi7ing members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:" ^Vv^VC,\W vQju—J-v. This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Electrolyte Additives and Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2020 INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES AND LITHIUM METAL ANODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES Satu Kristiina Heiskanen University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Heiskanen, Satu Kristiina, "INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES AND LITHIUM METAL ANODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES" (2020). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 1171. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/1171 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES AND LITHIUM METAL ANODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES BY SATU KRISTIINA HEISKANEN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2020 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF SATU KRISTIINA HEISKANEN APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor Brett L. Lucht Jason R. Dwyer David R. Heskett Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2020 ABSTRACT The continued development of energy storage technology is of high importance in order to facilitate the widespread adoption of intermittent renewable energy sources as well as the expansion of electromobility (for example, fully electric vehicles). These applications require a rechargeable cell with high energy density with a long cycling life, based on the electrochemical cycling of lithium ion batteries, which can be improved by modifying the cell chemistry and construction. Enabling the reversible plating and stripping of lithium metal on the negative electrode substrate – a lithium metal anode – allows for a higher gravimetric capacity necessary for a lightweight battery.
    [Show full text]
  • Swern Oxidation of Bicyclo [2.2. 1] Hept-5-Ene-2, 3-Diol and Its
    Molecules 2000, 5, 1062-1067 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 © 2000 by MDPI http://www.mdpi.org Swern Oxidation of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-diol and Its Pyrazine-fused Derivatives: An Improved Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dione and An Unexpected Ring- Opening Reaction Tomoshige Kobayashi* and Sayuri Kobayashi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan Tel.: (263) 37-2470, Fax: (263) 37-2470, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 14 August 2000 / Accepted: 6 September 2000 / Published: 9 September 2000 Abstract: An improved synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dione by Swern oxidation of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-diol, and an unexpected ring-opening reaction by the Swern oxida- tion of pyrazine-fused congeners are described. Keywords: Swern oxidation, vicinal cis-diol, a-diketone, ring-opening, norbornene, pyrazine. Introduction Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeletons have been a useful building block for the construction of molecular archi- tectures with a concavity [1]. In the course of our studies to synthesize a host molecule utilizing a negative electrostatic potential filed of pyrazine rings, a general method to prepare norobornene-2,3-dione and its py- razine-fused derivatives was required. We describe here an improved synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene- 2,3-dione (3) by Swern oxidation of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-diol (6). We also report that a similar Swern oxidation reaction of pyrazine-fused congeners 10 and 11 was found to undergo an unexpected rring- opening reaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations on Vinylene Carbonate, 2. Copolymerization with N-Vinyl-2
    Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun. 11, 501-506 (1990) 501 Investigations on vinylene carbonate, 2 a) Copolymerization with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl vinyl ether Edze Jan Tijsma, Guohua Chen, Leen van der Does*, Adriaan Bantjes Department of Chemical Technology, Biomaterials Section, Twente University of Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands (Date of receipt: March 16, 1990) Introduction Functional monomers and polymers have received considerable attention in recent years, especially in the biomedical field. In this respect, poly(viny1ene carbonate) is very interesting, because the reactive carbonate groups offer the possibility of coupling with bioactive compounds containing amino groups, e. g. proteins or enzymes. Copolymeri- zation of vinylene carbonate with other vinyl monomers will affect the amount of carbonate groups as well as other properties of the copolymers. In a previous paper we described the preparation and properties of poly(viny1ene carbonate) I), and this paper reports the copolymerization of vinylene carbonate with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and with ethyl vinyl ether. Radical copolymerization of vinylene carbonate (VCA) was first reported by Price and Padbury’). Several investigations on copolymerization of VCA with vinyl mono- mers were carried out, and in some cases the monomer reactivity ratios were deter- mined3s4).Copolymers of VCA (1) with vinyl compounds (2) in general contain only small amounts of VCA (r, c 1 and r2 > 1) and show more or less characteristics of an ideal copolymerization (rl = l/r2).The radical copolymerization of VCA with isobutyl vinyl ether, on the other hand, leads to predominantly alternating copoly- mers’). However, in all these copolymerizations a relatively low reactivity of VCA was observed, due to the 1,Zdisubstitution of the vinylene group.
    [Show full text]
  • Designing Polymers for Advanced Battery Chemistries
    REVIEWS Designing polymers for advanced battery chemistries Jeffrey Lopez 1, David G. Mackanic 1, Yi Cui 2,3 and Zhenan Bao 1* Abstract | Electrochemical energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important to our global society , and polymer materials are key components of these devices. As the demand for high- energy density devices increases, innovative new materials that build on the fundamental understanding of physical phenomena and structure–property relationships will be required to enable high-capacity next-generation battery chemistries. In this Review , we discuss core polymer science principles that are used to facilitate progress in battery materials development. Specifically , we discuss the design of polymeric materials for desired mechanical properties, increased ionic and electronic conductivity and specific chemical interactions. We also discuss how polymer materials have been designed to create stable artificial interfaces and improve battery safety. The focus is on these design principles applied to advanced silicon, lithium-metal and sulfur battery chemistries. The development of new electrochemical energy storage of existing materials or to enable the application of new technologies has been instrumental to the proliferation battery chemistries. In this Review, we summarize the of portable electronic devices and the increasing adop- fundamental polymer science and engineering con- tion of electric vehicles. Intermittent electricity genera- cepts related to the development of polymers for next- tion (for example, from wind and solar power sources) generation battery applications (Table 1). We specifically has further intensified the demand for high-energy den- discuss how these core concepts drive the design of new sity, high- power and low-cost energy storage devices1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations on Vinylene Carbonate. IV. Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization of Vinylene Carbonate and N-Vinyl-N-Methylacetamide Onto Polyethylene Films
    Investigations on Vinylene Carbonate. IV. Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization of Vinylene Carbonate and N-Vinyl-N-Methylacetamide onto Polyethylene Films CUOHUA CHEN, LEEN VAN DER DOES, and ADRIAAN BANTJES Department of Chemical Technology, Biomaterials Section, Twente University, P.O. Box 21 7, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands SYNOPSIS Graft copolymerization of binary mixtures of vinylene carbonate (VCA) and N-vinyl-N- methylacetamide (VIMA) onto low density polyethylene (LDPE) films was studied by the mutual y-irradiation technique. Sufficient amounts of functionally active VCA groups could be grafted onto the surface and the hydrophilicity of the surface was also improved. The grafting of VCA onto polyethylene films in the binary solutions was found to be promoted by the presence of VIMA, thus showing a positive synergism. The VCA content in the graft copolymers was always higher than in the copolymers obtained by homogeneous copoly- merization using the same monomer feed composition. The monomer reactivity ratios, as well as a preferential partitioning of the monomers surrounding the polymeric substrate, were considered to explain the grafting reactions in the binary systems. INTRODUCTION It has been proved that the biological endothelium owes its nonthrombogenic character to its negative Surface modification of polymers has received a charge so that it is obvious that the chemical group great deal of attention during the last decades since distribution involving polar and nonpolar compo- it could bring about specific surface properties in- nents plays a significant role in blood ~ompatibility.~ cluding adhesion, printability, nonthrombogenicity, In addition, a particular ratio of hydrophilic to hy- and antistatic properties, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Dec
    3,069,391 United States Patent Office Patented Dec. 18, 1962 2 polymeric structure comprising no more than about 25% 3,069,391 POLYHYEOROXYMETHYLENE POLYMERS of a repeating unit of the formula John Raymond Schaefgeia, Wilmington, Del, assignor to E. E. du Peret de Nenagers and Company, Wilmington, O O Del, a corporation of Delaware 5 N / No Drawing. Fied Feb. 5, 1960, Ser. No. 6,838 4 Claims. (C. 260-77.5) O This invention relates to shaped structures of polymeric and at least about 75% of a repeating structural unit of materials derived from polyvinylene carbonate. More the formula particularly, it relates to a process for producing shaped -C-CH articles of predominantly polyhydroxymethylene or deriva or R tives thereof. wherein -R represents the same or different members of OBJECTS the class consisting of a hydrogen atom and a monovalent It is an object of this invention to produce shaped arti radical, is formed by a process which comprises immers cles comprising high molecular weight polymeric mate ing a useful shaped structure of polyvinylene carbonate rials derived from polyvinylene carbonate. in a hydrolyzing reagent. In a preferred method a shaped Another object is to produce shaped articles compris structure of polyvinylene carbonate is immersed in a ing polyhydroxymethylene. dilute alkaline methanol solution for periods ranging up A still further object is to produce shaped articles from 20 to several days. It is found that the hydrolysis may be derivatives of polyhydroxymethylene. effected quantitatively in about 1 or 2 days if the immersed These and other objects will become apparent in the structure is maintained at a temperature of between about course of the following specification and claims.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,439 B2 to Et Al
    USOO7449439B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7.449,439 B2 to et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 11, 2008 (54) WATER-SOLUBLE THICKENER AND LIQUID (56) References Cited ACDIC DETERGENT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Kenji Ito, Aichi (JP); Yoshio Mori, 3,768,565 A 10, 1973 Persinski et al. Aichi (JP) (Continued) (73) Assignee: Toagosei Co., Ltd., Tokyo (JP) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this JP 53-463O2 A 4f1978 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 455 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 10/530,179 OTHER PUBLICATIONS International Search Report PCT/JP2003/012764 dated Dec. 9, 2003. (22) PCT Filed: Oct. 6, 2003 (Continued) (86). PCT No.: PCT/UP03/12764 Primary Examiner Brian PMruk S371 (c)(1), (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Sughrue Mion, PLLC (2), (4) Date: Apr. 4, 2005 (57) ABSTRACT (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2004/031314 A water-soluble thickener which is highly effective even in PCT Pub. Date: Apr. 15, 2004 thickening strongly acidic aqueous Solutions and has excel lent stability in such solutions. It comprises a water-soluble (65) Prior Publication Data copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight of 6,000,000 or higher obtainable by polymerizing a monomer US 2006/OO46949 A1 Mar. 2, 2006 mixture which comprises 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Sulfonic acid and/or a salt thereofandacrylic acid and/or a salt thereofas essential components and optionally one or more Oct. 4, 2002 (JP) ............................. 2002-292975 other copolymerizable monomer components including the Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Hexaalkylguanidinium Salts As Ionic Liquids – New Applications In
    Institut für Organische Chemie I Hexaalkylguanidinium Salts as Ionic Liquids – New Applications in Titanium and Aluminium Alcoholates Assisted Synthesis and as Electrolytes for Electrodeposition of Metals Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades des Doktors Dr. rer. nat. der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften der Universität Ulm vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Maria Arkhipova aus Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Ulm 2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand in der Zeit von Januar 2010 bis Januar 2014 in dem Institut für Organische Chemie I der Universität Ulm. Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Joachim Ankerhold 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Maas 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Willi Kantlehner Tag der Promotion: 17.03.2014 Моим родителям List of abbreviations APIs Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients AES Auger Electron Spectroscopy BASIL Biphasic Acid Scavenging Utilising Ionic Liquids BINOL 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol BMIm 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium BMPyr N-Butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Bn Benzyl Bu Butyl tBu tert-Butyl CHN Elemental analysis CI Chemical Ionisation CV Cyclic Voltammetry d day(s) DLS Dynamic Light Scattering DMC Dimethyl carbonate DMF Dimethylformamide DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSSC Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell EC Ethylene carbonate EDX Energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy EMIm 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Et Ethyl FAP Tris(perfluoroalkyl)trifluorophosphate FSI Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide GC Glassy Carbon Gu Guanidinium h hour(s) Hex Hexyl cHex Cyclohexyl HMBC Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation HMMIm 1-Hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium
    [Show full text]
  • 20170001252.Pdf
    11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 (12) United States Patent (io) Patent No.: US 9,543,575 B2 Yushin et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 10, 2017 (54) SILICON-BASED ANODE AND METHOD HOLM 411395 (2010.01) FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME HOLM 4136 (2006.01) HOLM 4138 (2006.01) (75) Inventors: Gleb Nikolayevich Yushin, Atlanta, (52) U.S. Cl. GA (US); Igor Luzinov, Clemson, SC CPC ......... H01M 411395 (2013.01); HOLM 410404 (US); Bogdan Zdyrko, Clemson, SC (2013.01); HOLM 41366 (2013.01); HOLM (US); Alexandre Magasinski, Atlanta, 41386 (2013.01); HOLM 41625 (2013.01); GA (US) Y02E 601122 (2013.01); Y02P 70154 (2015.11) (73) Assignees: Georgia Tech Research Corporation, (58) Field of Classification Search Atlanta, GA (US); Clemson University, USPC ............. 429/217, 218.1; 252/182.1; 423/324 Clemson, SC (US) See application file for complete search history. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (56) References Cited patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 754 days. 7,592,095 132 * 9/2009 Lee et al....................... 429/118 (21) Appl. No.: 13/510,038 2003/0198870 Al 10/2003 Wariishi et al. 2007/0048609 Al * 3/2007 Ueda ..................... HO IM 4/134 (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 16, 2010 429/218.1 2007/0122700 Al* 5/2007 Miyachi et al. ........... 429/218.1 (86) PCT No.: PCT/US2010/056876 * cited by examiner § 371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Jun. 6, 2012 Primary Examiner Daniel Gatewood (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Muncy, Geissler, Olds & (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2011/060433 Lowe, PC PCT Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydroxylamines and Hydrazines As Surrogates of Sp3 Carbons in Medicinal Chemistry
    Wayne State University Wayne State University Dissertations January 2018 Hydroxylamines And Hydrazines As Surrogates Of Sp3 Carbons In Medicinal Chemistry Sandeep Dhanju Wayne State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Dhanju, Sandeep, "Hydroxylamines And Hydrazines As Surrogates Of Sp3 Carbons In Medicinal Chemistry" (2018). Wayne State University Dissertations. 2156. https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/2156 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. HYDROXYLAMINES AND HYDRAZINES AS SURROGATES OF SP3 CARBONS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY by SANDEEP DHANJU DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 2019 MAJOR: CHEMISTRY (Organic) Approved By: Advisor Date DEDICATION I dedicate my PhD work to my parents Sanubhai Shrestha and Punamaya Dhanju, for their endless love and support. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Ph.D. advisor Prof. David Crich for his incessant support and guidance for my Ph.D. research work during the past five years in his laboratory. I am grateful and fortunate to be one of his graduate students. His encouragement and motivation drove me to the end of this thesis, and I was able to develop an in-depth knowledge and enthusiasm in the areas of organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. I would like to extend my gratitude to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Hygiene Plan Ii Revised 03/2021 Table of Contents
    MAR 2021 Office of Environmental Health and Safety Principal Author/Editor: David Webber, PhD/Chemical Hygiene Officer Contributing Authors/Editors: Nikolai Evdokimov, PhD, James Gibson, PhD, Tania Guardado, PhD, Amanda Jevons, Deona Willes, MPH Graphics/Design: Alfred M. Bouziane, MS, Brent Pantell USC Chemical Hygiene Plan ii Revised 03/2021 Table of Contents i.0 2021 Revision Summary Section 3.0 vi Section 4.0 vi Section 5.0 vii Section 7.0 vii Section 8.0 viii Section 10.0 x Appendix D x Appendix G x 1.0 Introduction Purpose and Scope 1.1 Sources of Safety Information 1.2 2.0 Regulatory Requirements 3.0 Roles and Responsibilities Research Safety Oversight Committee (RSOC) 3.1 Campus-Wide Chemical Safety Committee (CCSC) 3.1 Other Safety Committees 3.2 Office of Environmental Health & Safety 3.2 Principal Investigator (PI) 3.3 Training Requirements 3.5 4.0 Basics of Laboratory Safety Hazard, Risk, and Safety Management 4.1 Hierarchy of Safety Controls 4.1 Group Safety Management and Safety Culture 4.4 USC Chemical Hygiene Plan iii Revised 03/2021 Basics of Lab Facilities, Equipment, and Emergency Supplies 4.7 Emergency Equipment and Supplies 4.15 Open Flames 4.20 5.0 Hazard Communication Labeling and Signage Systems 5.2 Labelling and Signage in the Lab: What You Need to Do 5.5 Safety Data Sheets (SDSs): What Are They? 5.7 SDSs in The Lab: What You Need to Do 5.8 6.0 Hazardous Chemicals and Hazard Classification Introduction 6.1 Health-Hazardous Chemicals: Routes of Exposure 6.2 Particularly Hazardous Substances (PHS) 6.16 7.0 Chemical
    [Show full text]