Is It Safe to E-Cigarette Smoking As Alternative Smoking?

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Is It Safe to E-Cigarette Smoking As Alternative Smoking? Tegar Dwi Prakoso | Is It Safe To Use E-Cigarette As Alternative To Conventional Smoking? [ARTIKEL REVIEW] IS IT SAFE TO E-CIGARETTE SMOKING AS ALTERNATIVE SMOKING? Tegar Dwi Prakoso Faculty of Medicine, Lampung University Abstract E-cigarette or electronic cigarette is an electronic device that resembles a cigarette and can produce smoke as the result of evaporation of the liquid. Fluids used in the e-cigarette are generally composed of propyleneglycol, glycerol, distilled water, flavoring substances and nicotine. E-cigarette is claimed to have beneficial effects on health such as increased exercise tolerance and less coughing as the result of smoking on conventional cigarretes. However, although relatively safe, smoking remains detrimental to health. E-cigarette still contains nicotine as in conventional cigarettes that can cause addiction. So that the use of e-cigarettes on the public needs to be reevaluated. Keywords: conventional cigarette, electric cigarette, nicotine Abstrak E-cigarette atau electronic cigarette adalah alat elektronik yang mirip seperti rokok dan dapat menghasilkan asap yang merupakan hasil penguapan cairan. Cairan yang digunakan dalam e-cigarette umumnya terdiri dari propilen glikol, gliserol, air suling, zat perasadan nikotin. E-cigarette diklaim memiliki efek yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan seperti meningkatkan toleransi latihan dan sedikit menimbulkan batuk. Namun, walaupun relatif lebih aman, merokok tetaplah merugikan bagi kesehatan. E-cigarette tetap mengandung nikotin seperti pada rokok konvensional yang dapat menimbulkan kecanduan. Sehingga penggunaan e-cigarette pada masyarakat perlu dikaji ulang. Kata kunci: rokok elektrik, nikotin, rokok konvensional . Korespondensi: Tegar Dwi Prakoso | tegar_dpn10@ yahoo.co.id Pendahuluan E-cigarette atau electronic dengan jumlah yang lebih sedikit. cigarette adalah alat elektronik yang Nikotin dan senyawa lain seperti mirip seperti rokok yang membawa pemberi rasa terdapat pada cairan yang propylene glycol dan/atau glycerol mist akan diuapkan oleh e-cigarette.1 ke saluran pernafasan saat dihisap melalui mulut.1 Penggunaan e-cigarette DISKUSI diklaim lebih aman dibandingkan E-cigarette dengan rokok konvensional. Namun, sebenarnya masih banyak pertanyaan E-cigarette (Gambar 1) adalah yang belum terjawab mengenai tingkat produk terbaru dan paling menjanjikan keamanan, efek terhadap pengurangan untuk tobacco harm reduction (THR)3. bahaya dan pemberhentian merokok, E-cigarette terdiri dari bagian baterai dan dampak total terhadap kesehatan yang biasanya merupakan baterai masyarakat2. Apabila dilihat dari lithium, cartridge dimana cairan kandungannya, e-cigarette sebenarnya disimpan dan atomizer untuk memiliki kandungan yang hampir sama menyemprotkan cairan dengan dengan rokok konvensional walaupun menerapkan energi dan menghasilkan J MAJORITY | Volume 4 Nomor 5 | Februari 2015 |123 Tegar Dwi Prakoso | Is It Safe To Use E-Cigarette As Alternative To Conventional Smoking? panas sehingga membentuk uap air. Nikotin pada e-cigarette Konsumen dapat memilih dari beberapa konsentrasi/kadar nikotin, Rokok konvensional merupakan termasuk cairan non-nikotin dan pilihan sumber yang paling umum untuk rasa yang jumlahnya banyak. Hal ini lah asupan nikotin. Penyakit yang yang membedakan e-cigarette dari berhubungan dengan merokok yang produk THR lainnya.4 secara patofisilogis dikaitkan dengan stres oksidatif, aktivasi jalur inflamasi dan efek toksik lebih dari 4000 bahan kimia dan karsinogen hadir dalam asap tembakau. Selain itu, setiap isapan mengandung lebih dari 1 × 1015 radikal bebas. Semua bahan kimia ini dipancarkan terutama selama proses Gambar 1. Struktur e-cigarette pembakaran, yang tidak ada dalam ECs. Meskipun potensi adiktif nikotin dan Ketika pengguna menarik udara terkait senyawa sebagian besar melalui e-cigarette, sensor mendeteksi didokumentasikan.4 aliran udara dan memanaskan cairan Overdosis nikotin atau dalam cartridge, yang kemudian intoksikasi tidak mungkin terjadi menguapkan cairan dalam cartridge. dengan vaping, karena jumlah yang Aerosol yang memberikan nikotin dikonsumsi dan diserap cukup rendah. untuk pengguna e-cigarette, dan bagian Selain itu, meskipun belum terbukti, lain dari aerosol e-cigarette dilepaskan diharapkan vapers atau pengguna e- ke udara bebas ketika pengguna cigarette akan mengurangi asupan bernapas. Suhu aerosol e-cigarette nikotin mereka dengan cara yang mirip berkisar 40°C hingga 65°C. Menurut dengan rokok konvensional sehingga produsen, e-cigarette cartridge tunggal tidak merubah kebiasaan mereka. dapat menghasilkan 10-250 puff, Akhir-akhir ini, terdapat bukti yang sebanding dengan 5-30 rokok menunjukkan nikotin yang tidak dapat konvensional. Selain itu, e-cigarette disalurkan dengan cepat dan efektif generasi kedua dan generasi ketiga dari e-cigarette dibandingkan dengan baru-baru ini telah dikembangkan. E- rokok tembakau. Oleh karena itu, cigarette generasi terbaru memiliki mungkin e-cigarette memiliki baterai dan atomizer yang lebih kuat keuntungan secara teoritis dalam hal dan dapat memberikan dosis yang lebih risiko kesehatan dibandingkan dengan tinggi dari nikotin, sehingga rokok konvensional karena tidak meningkatkan resiko kecanduan.5 adanya bahan kimia beracun yang dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar oleh Kandungan e-cigarette pembakaran. Namun, nikotin dalam e- cigarette tidak dapat mengatasi Cairan yang digunakan dalam e- masalah keamanan yang signifikan, cigarette umumnya terdiri dari propilen terutama ketika penggunaan e- glikol, gliserol, air suling, perasa dan cigarette dimaksudkan untuk nikotin.4 J MAJORITY | Volume 4 Nomor 5 | Februari 2015 |124 Tegar Dwi Prakoso | Is It Safe To Use E-Cigarette As Alternative To Conventional Smoking? menggantikan rokok tembakau, produk cigarette telah dilarang. Tingkat nikotin yang paling efisien.4 penggunaan e-cigarette dalam eksperimen adalah 7,6% (16,3% Prevalensi pengguna e-cigarette diantaranya menyadari adanya e- cigarette), dan tingkat penggunaan saat Meskipun terdapat bukti yang ini 3%; proporsi pengguna e-cigarette kurang mengenai e-cigarette efektif saat ini tidak berbeda antara negara- dalam menghentikan perilaku merokok, negara yang diteliti (p = 0,114).11 orang-orang yang berminat terhadape- cigarette justru semakin meningkat. Kelebihan dan kekurangan e-cigarette Kebanyakan pengguna e-cigarette di dibandingkan dengan rokok seluruh dunia adalah perokok dewasa.6- konvensional 7 Di Amerika Serikat, sebuah survei yang dilakukan pada lebih dari 10.000 Adapun kelebihan e-cigarette orang dewasa menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan dengan rokok pengetahuan tentang keberadaan e- konvesional adalah memiliki efek yang cigarette meningkat dua kali lipat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan seperti antara tahun 2009 dan 2010 yakni dari meningkatkan toleransi latihan dan 16,4% menjadi 32,2%, dan penggunaan sedikit menimbulkan batuk. E-cigarette e-cigarette meningkat hingga hampir juga tidak menimbulkan bau rokok atau empat kali lipat yakni dari 0,6% pada bau nafas dan lebih tidak toksik tahun 2009 menjadi 2,7% di tahun daripada rokok konvensional. Pada 2010di antara perokok aktif,8 11,4% perokok konvensional yang beralih ke dilaporkan telah digunakan e-cigarette, e-cigarette menimbulkan sensasi di dan 4,1% melaporkan telah digunakan tenggorokan yang mirip dengan e-cigarette dalam 30 hari terakhir.9 Di merokok konvensional dan Inggris, proporsi pengguna e- penggunaannya mirip dengan merokok cigarettemeningkat dari 2,7% pada pada umumnya sehingga tidak dapat tahun 2010 menjadi 6,7% pada tahun mempermudah pemberhentian 2012.10Data yang dikumpulkan antara merokok konvensional. Selain itu, ter tahun 2010 dan 2011 dari 5939 orang dapat juga klaim bahwa merokok e- di empat negara yakni Amerika Serikat, cigarette tidak perlu menggunakan Inggris, Kanada, dan Australia fasilitas merokok dan meredakan gejala menunjukkan bahwa sekitar setengah withdrawal dari rokok konvensional.3 dari responden (46,6%) yang menyadari Namun, tetap saja merokok e- keberadaan e-cigarette. Namun, cigarette memiliki kekurangan seperti proporsi individu yang menyadari pada beberapa orang sensistif terhadap keberadaan e-cigarette bervariasi propylene glycol seperti mulut dan secara signifikan antara negara-negara tenggorokan kering, beberapa rasa yang diteliti, yang lebih tinggi di memiliki bau yang menetap, pada Amerika Serikat (73,4%) dan Inggris beberapa produk terdapat sisa (54,4%), dimana penggunaan e- kontaminan dan logam sehingga cukup cigarette diperbolehkan, dan lebih berbahaya, e-cigarette lebih berat rendah di Kanada (39,5 %) dan Australia daripada rokok konvensional, puffing (20,0%), dimana penggunaan e- techniquememerlukan latihan, tidak J MAJORITY | Volume 4 Nomor 5 | Februari 2015 |125 Tegar Dwi Prakoso | Is It Safe To Use E-Cigarette As Alternative To Conventional Smoking? semua orang mengurangi konsumsi tingkat rendah kecanduan rokok rokok konvensional walaupun tujuan e- tembakau selama bertahun-tahun cigarette adalah untuk menekan bukannya berhenti. konsumsi rokok konvensional.3 DAFTAR PUSTAKA SIMPULAN 1. Bullen C, Williman J, Howe C, Laugesen Meskipun sebagian besar dari M, McRobbie H, Parag V, Walker N. pembahasan e-cigarette di bidang Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes kesehatan telah berkonsentrasi pada versus nicotine patch for smoking produk itu sendiri, potensi cessation. BMC Public Health. 2013; toksisitasnya, dan penggunaan e- 13(210): 1-8. cigarette untuk membantu orang 2. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E- berhenti merokok, perusahaan e- Cigarettes: A Scientific Review.
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