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Heritage Impact Assessment Two Rivers Farm

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Heritage Impact Assessment Two Rivers Farm HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT TWO RIVERS FARM PORTIONS 1 TO 15 OF WELTEVREDEN FARM N0 1646 & PORTION 5 OF JERICO FARM NO 1014 GROOT DRAKENSTEIN Prepared for Submission to SAHRA & HWC in terms the NHR Act (Prepared as a Heritage Specialist Study in terms of an EIA process) Prepared for the Two Rivers Development Company (Pty) Ltd Prepared by Sarah Winter and Nicolas Baumann With input from Harriet Clift, Mary Patrick, Dr Hans Fransen, Marianne Gertenbach & Paul Andrews November 2007 Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 1 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 NICOLAS BAUMANN AND SARAH WINTER HERITAGE CONSULTANTS P O BOX 281 MUIZENBERG 7950 Nicolas Baumann Sarah Winter Tel: (021) 423-6743 Tel: (021) 788-9313 Fax: (021) 423-5713 Fax: (021) 788-2871 Cell: 083 3083 900 Cell: 082 4210 510 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT TWO RIVERS FARM PORTIONS 1 TO 15 OF WELTEVREDEN FARM N0 1646 & PORTION 5 OF JERICO FARM NO 1014 GROOT DRAKENSTEIN Prepared for Submission to SAHRA & HWC in terms the NHR Act (Prepared as a Heritage Specialist Study in terms of an EIA process) Cover page images: Courtesy of Boschendal Ltd Archives; Topographical Diagram of Rhodes Fruit Farms Inner cover photo: Courtesy of Drakenstein Heenkring (Ray Ryan Photographer); Weltevreden Rhodes Fruit Farms Prepared for the Two Rivers Development Company (Pty) Ltd Prepared by Sarah Winter and Nicolas Baumann With input from Harriet Clift, Mary Patrick, Dr Hans Fransen, Marianne Gertenbach & Paul Andrews Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 2 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS pages SECTION A: INTRODUCTION 1-7 A.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE A.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT A.2.1. Alternative 2A: 7 Farms with Clustered Resort and Golf Trail A.2.2. Alternative 2B A.2.3. Alternative 3 A.3. PLANNING MOTIVATION A.3.1. Community Benefits outlined in the Boschendal Sustainable Initiative A.4. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS A.5. STUDY METHODOLOGY A.6 EVALUATION FRAMEWORK & ASSESSMENT CRITERIA A.6.1 Assessment of Heritage Significance A.6.1.1. Broad Categories of Heritage Significance A.6.1.2. Criteria used in the NHR Act A.6.1.3 System for Grading Significance A.6.2. Criteria for Assessing Vulnerability A.7.3. Assessment of Heritage Impacts SECTION B: OUTCOME OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS 8-10 B.1. COMMENTS ARISING FROM FIRST SCOPING MEETING DATED 2ND MARCH 2005 B.2. COMMENTS ARISING FROM THE REVISED DRAFT SCOPING REPORT AND MEETING DATED 3RD AUGUST 2006 B.3. COMMENTS ARISING FROM A MEETING WITH THE FRANSCHHOEK CONSERVATION TRUST DATED 10TH AUGUST 2006 B.4. COMMENTS FROM THE CAPE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS DATED FEBRUARY 2006 B.5. INTERVIEWS RELATING TO SITES OF SOCIAL-HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE DATED JULY AND AUGUST 2007 B.6. COMMENTS ARISING FROM THE DRAFT EIA/HIA REPORT B.7. COMMENT FROM THE HERITAGE CONSULTANTS ON ISSUES RAISED DURING THE CONSULTATION PROCESS SECTION C: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 11-14 C.1. FARM HISTORY C.1.1. Welterveden C.1.2. Bellegham C.1.3. Jerico SECTION D: REVIEW OF OTHER RELEVANT HERITAGE STUDIES 15-19 D.1. VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT D.1.1. Recommended Mitigation Measures (VIA) Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 3 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 D.2. HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT D.3. SOCIAL-HISTORICAL INTERVIEWS D.4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCOPING SURVEY D.5. BOSCHENDAL FARMLANDS HERITAGE ASSESSMENT SECTION E: STATEMENT OF HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE AND EMERGING 20-25 PLANNING AND DESIGN INFORMANTS E.1. OVERALL VALLEY SCALE E.1.1. Landscape Character E.2. SITE AND ITS IMMEDIATE CONTEXT E.3. INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS E.4. EMERGING HERITAGE INFORMANTS SECTION F: ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS 26-30 F.1. ALTERNATIVE 2A F.2. ALTERNATIVE 2B F.3. ALTERNATIVE 3 SECTION G: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31-33 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of Archaeological Impacts Table 2: Summary of Overall Impacts LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Regional Context Figure 2: Local Context Figure 3: Aerial Photograph of the Site Figure 4: Existing Subdivision Figure 5: Valley Landscape Perspective Figure 6: Provisionally Protected Cape Winelands Cultural Landscape (now lapsed) Figure 7: Historical Amfarms Landholdings Showing 3 Core Project Areas Figure 8: Alternative 2A; Illustrative Land Use Plan Figure 9: Alternative 2A; Aerial Photograph Overlay Figure 10: Alternative 2A; Zoning and Subdivision Plan Figure 11: Alternative 2B; Illustrative Land Use Plan Figure 12: Alternative 2B; Aerial Photograph Overlay Figure 13: Alternative 2B; Zoning and Subdivision Plan Figure 14: Alternative 3; Aerial Photograph Overlay Figure 15: Alternative 3; Zoning and Subdivision Plan Figure 16: Proposed Landscape Interventions around Weltevreden Werf Figure 17: Clubhouse Precinct Layout Figure 18: Clubhouse Precinct Elevation Figure 19: Village Units Typical Layout Plan Figure 20: Village Units Elevation Studies Figure 21: Groot Drakenstein c 1700 (Courtesy of Drakenstein Heenkring) Figure 22: Groot Drakenstein c 1808 (CA M3/405) Figure 23: Groot Drakenstein c 1850 (courtesy of Drakenstein Heenkring) Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 4 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 Figure 24: Rhodes Fruit Farms Ltd Topographical Plan of the Farms Weltevreden, Zondernaam, Watergat, Lubeck & Werda Situated at Groot Drakenstin in the Paarl Division (early 1900s) (Courtesy of Boschendal Ltd) Figure 25: Rhodes Fruit Farms Ltd Topographical Plan of the Farms Good Hoop, Nieuwedorp, Rhone & Boschendal Situated at Groot Drakenstein in the Paarl Division (early 1900s) (Courtesy of Boshendal Ltd) Figure 26: Historical diagram of Farm Weltrevreden Figure 27: Historical diagram of Farm Bellegham Figure 28: Historical diagram of Farm Jerico Figure 29: Historical Photographs of Weltrevreden Farm Werf & Setting (early 1900s) (Courtesy of National Archives, Gribble Collection, Boschendal Ltd Archives) Figure 30: Historical–Architectural Survey of Weltevreden Farm Werf (Dr Hans Fransen) Figure 31: Archaeological Sensitivity; Weltevreden farm werf (Cape Archaeological Survey) Figure 32: Heritage Resources Map (Valley Scale) Figure 33: Valley Landscape Perspective Figure 34: Heritage Resources Map (Site and Individual Element Scales) Figure 35: Views from R45 (Courtesy of CNdV Africa 2007) LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Architectural Guidelines Appendix 2: Assessment Criteria Appendix 3: Historical Research Appendix 4: Social-Historical Interviews Appendix 5: Historical-Architectural Survey Appendix 6: Archaeological Survey Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 5 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 SECTION A: INTRODUCTION Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants were appointed by the Two Rivers Development Company (Pty) Ltd to undertake a heritage impact assessment (HIA) of development proposals for a landholding known as Two Rivers Farm and comprising 13 portions situated at Groot Drakenstein in the Western Cape. This HIA report forms the heritage specialist component of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and is undertaken in terms of Sections 27 and 38 (8) of the National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999; NHR Act). A.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE Figure 1: Regional Context Figure 2: Local Context Figure 3: Aerial Photograph of the Site Figure 4: Existing Subdivision Figure 5: Valley Landscape Perspective Figure 6: Provisionally Protected Cape Winelands Cultural Landscape Figure 7: Historical Amfarms Landholdings Showing 3 Core Project Areas Two Rivers Farm, formerly known as the Berg River Lands measures 478 hectares and includes Portions 1, 2, 4, 6-15 of Farm Weltevreden No 1646. These landholdings form one of the three project areas comprising the historical Amfarms landholdings situated at Groot Drakenstein, the others being Founders Estates and the Residual Lands at Boschendal which are subject to separate HIA and EIA processes. The landholding is zoned agriculture 60 hectares of which are under cultivation. The land to the west of the Berg River falls within the provisionally protected area by the South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) which is dated June 2005 and has since lapsed. SAHRA has notified relevant owners of its intent to now proceed with the declaration of this area as a National Heritage Site. A.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT The following description is extracted from a document entitled “Two Rivers Farm Description of Development Alternatives” dated 14.02.2007 and prepared by Planning Partners. As part of the environmental and heritage scoping process various development alternatives for Two Rivers Farm were considered, namely: Alternative 1: Farm, resort, residential & golf trail Alternative 2A: 7 farms with clustered resort and golf trail (Figures 8, 9, 10) Alternative 2B: 7 farms and golf trail (Figures 11, 12 & 13) Alternative 3: No-go (Figures 14 and 15) Based on feedback from the various authorities and role players during the environment and heritage scoping phase Alternative 1 was withdrawn as a viable and appropriate alternative. Alternative 1 included an 18-hole golf trail and associated golf facilities, tourist facilities (guest house, restaurant and club house) structured around the historical Weltevreden farm werf, a village of 24 holiday resort units, rehabilitation of important natural features (wetlands, river, fynbos communities), Baumann & Winter Heritage Consultants 6 Two Rivers Farm HIA Final Report dated November 2007 175 hectares of agriculture and a residential estate of 170 houses located on large erven ranging in size from
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