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A Welsh Response to the Great War: the 38Th (Welsh) Division on The

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A Welsh Response to the Great War: the 38Th (Welsh) Division on The A Welsh Response to the Great War: The 38th (Welsh) Division on the Western Front 1914 – 1919 Peter Robinson Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Master of Philosophy Cardiff University 2017 1 Abstract The story of how ‘Lloyd George’s Army’ became a well-respected Welsh Division is the starting point of this work. As the Great War progressed the division became better known for its military effectiveness rather than its political association. It should be seen as a Welsh Division, representing Wales, and its people, united with other small nations, in the fight for ‘civilisation’. By the end of the war, it did represent the martial spirit of Welsh heroes of the past and not one man. This thesis aims to explore the demands of modern trench warfare made on the men of the Welsh Division who rose to the challenges they were confronted with. This research will probe the role of the senior commanders as well as the middle and junior ranking officers concerned. Although the focus revolves around the battles which were a major feature of the war on the Western Front, it will also put into place the men who were present during these events. In nearly all cases, they were very much men of the New Armies, and in the Welsh case, they were very much part of the society they came from. Through their attestation forms the evidence reveals most of these men who came forward to join the Welsh Division as junior officers were, in the main, the products of the Welsh universities and grammar schools. The study of the profile of the Welsh Division will provide a comprehensive account of the events and experience which has for so long gone unrecognised. It will also fill in one of the gaps in Welsh historical writing which occurs between 1914 and 1918. 2 Contents List of Maps p. 4 Abbreviations p. 7 Introduction p. 12 Chapter One: The Formation of the Welsh Division. p. 17 Chapter Two: The Road to Mametz Wood 1915 - 1916. p. 54 Chapter Three: Ypres Salient and Pilckem Ridge. 1917. p. 128 Chapter Four: The Final Push - April to November 1918 p. 187 Chapter Five: Conclusion: p. 255 Appendices p. 268 Bibliography p. 294 3 List of Maps 1. Original map of Mametz Wood, p. 77 2. Original contour map of Mametz Wood. p. 84. 3. Original map showing boundary between XIII and XV Corps, p. 92 4. Original map of Mametz Wood, p. 99. 5. Map showing the northern edge of the Welsh Divisional Front, p. 153 6. Map showing the Blue Line of the attack on Pilckem Ridge, p. 162. 7. Map showing target of the ‘fearful forms of frightfulness’ at Pilckem Ridge on ‘Z’ Day, p. 168 8. Map showing Blue Line, p. 170. 9. Map showing the advance from the Blue Line to the Black Line, p. 172. 10. Map of advance from Black Line to the Green Line, p. 175. 11. Map showing the move forward from the Green Line to the Steenbeek, p. 176. 12. Map of the Steenbeek and Langemarck, p. 177. 13. Map of V Corps boundary July 1918, p. 193. 14. Map showing the swampy areas which reduced the crossing points along the Ancre River. p. 197. 15. Map showing the attack of 114th Inf. Bde and the route taken by 113th Inf. Bde towards Le Boiselle, p. 198. 16. Map showing Pozieres to the North, Ovilliers Le Boisselle on the East side and the West Side of Contalmaison, p. 200. 17. Map showing the direction of attack on Mametz Wood from the Contalmaison. p. 203. 18. Map showing the easterly direction of the Welsh Division with High Wood to the north on the edge of the boundary with 17th Division, p. 205. 19. Map of Morval and Les Boeufs, p. 209. 20. Map showing the narrowing of V Corps boundary, p. 213. 21. The advance of the Welsh Division from Equancourt and Fins through Heudecourt to a line running south from Gouzeaucourt, p. 217. 4 22. Map showing the staging area for the frontal attack towards the Masnieres Beaurevoir line, p. 223 23. Map showing the direction of the advance east of the Welsh Division, p. 225. 24. Map showing position of Angles Chateaux clearly on the high ground and gives a significant position to stop the movement forward, p. 228. 25. Map showing Malincourt, p. 229. 26. Map showing the north side of Malincourt, p. 230. 27. The map shows the difficult contours of the river Selle area, p. 236. 28. The Map shows how the attack developed after crossing the river Selle by V Corps, p. 237. 29. The map shows direction of the infantry Brigades in the Wood, p. 244. 30. Map shows the extent of how forested Mormal Wood was at this time, p. 245. 31. Map indicates the line of advance taken by 114th Infantry Brigade, 38th Welsh Division during the attack, p. 249. 5 List of Appendices 1. Kitchener’s New Army Commanders, p. 268 2. The Welsh Divisional Badge, p. 281 3. O.T.C. Report Certificate ‘A’ Aneurin Rhydderch Oct 1914, p. 282. 4. 38th (Welsh) Division – Secret Memo, 283. 5. Special Order of the Day Major General T. A. Cubbitt Friday 20th September 1918, p. 284. 6. Special Order of the Day Lt Colonel Harkness 19th (Pioneer) Bn Welsh 1.10.18, p. 285 7. Special Order of the Day Major General T. A. Cubbitt 26 October 1918, pp. 286-7. 8. Casualties 1915 - 1916 Officers, p. 288. 9. Casualties 1915 - 1916 Other Ranks, p. 289. 10. Casualties 1917 - Officers, p. 290. 11. Casualties 1917 - Other Ranks, p. 291. 12. Casualties 1918 – Officers, p. 292. 13. Casualties 1918 – Other Ranks, p. 293. 6 Abbreviations 2nd Lieut. – Second Lieutenant A.G. – Adjutant General A.A. & Q.M.G. - Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster General A. & Q. – Adjutant and Quarter Master General A.D.C. – Aide-de-camp A.D.M.S. – Assistant Director of Medical Services A.D.S. – Advance Dressing Station A.D.V.S. – Assistant Director of Veterinary Services A.M. – Albert Medal A.S.C. – Army Service Corps A.V.C. – Army Veterinary Corps B.A.C. – Brigade Ammunition Dump Bde – Brigade B.E.F. – British Expeditionary Force Bn. – Battalion Brig. Gen. – Brigadier General B.G.G.S. – Brigadier General, General Staff B.G.R.A. – Brigadier General Royal Artillery B.M. – Brigade Major B.W.M. – British War Medal C.A.B. – Cabinet Capt. – Captain C.B.E. – Companion of the Order of the British Empire C.C.R.A. – Corps Commander Royal Artillery C.C.S. – Casualty Clearing Station C.D.S. – Corps Dressing Station C.H.A. – Commander Heavy Artillery C.I.D. – Committee of Imperial Defence C.I.E. – Commander Order of the Indian Empire C. in C - Commander in Chief 7 C.I.G.S. – Chief of the Imperial Staff C.M.G. – Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George C.M.G.O. – Commander Machine Gun Officer C.O.S. – Chief of Staff Corps – Army Corps Cpl. – Corporal C.R.A. – Commander Royal Artillery C.R.E. – Commander Royal Engineers C.S.M. – Company Sergeant Major C.W.G.C. – Commonwealth War Graves Commission D.A. – Divisional Artillery D.A.A. & Q.M.G. – Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General D.A.C. – Divisional Ammunition Column D.A.D.M.S. – Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services D.A.G. – Deputy Adjutant General D.C.M. – Distinguished Conduct Medal D.C.O. – Divisional Claims Officer D.D.M.S. – Deputy Director of Medical Services D.H.Q. – Divisional Headquarters D.M.O. – Director of Military Operations D.M.S. – Director of Medical Services Div. – Division D.S.M. – Distinguished Service Medal D.S.O. – Distinguished Service Order Fd. Amb. – Field Ambulance Fd. Hosp. – Field Hospital F.D.S. – Field Dressing Station F.G.C.M. – Field General Court Martial Gen. Hosp. – General Hospital G.H.Q. – General Headquarters, British Expeditionary Force, France G.O.C. – General Officer Commanding G.O.C. in Chief – General Officer Commander in Chief 8 G.S.O. 1 – General Staff Officer, First Grade (there are also 2nd and 3rd Grade officers) G.S.W. – Gun Shot Wound H.A. – Heavy Artillery H.E. – High Explosives H.M.S.O. – Her Majesty’s Stationary Office Hon. – Honorary H.Q. – Headquarters H.S. – Hospital Ship H.T. – Horse Transport H.V. High Velocity Inf. – Infantry Inf. Bde – Infantry Brigade I.W.M. – Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum, London L.G. – London Gazette L.H.C. – Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College, London L.O. – Liaison Officer L of C – Lines of Communication Lieut. – Lieutenant Maj. – Major Maj. Gen. – Major General M.C. – Military Cross M.D.S. – Main Dressing Station M.G.C. – Machine Gun Corps M.G.G.S. - Major General, General Staff M. in D. – Mention in Despatches M.M. – Military Medal M.O. – Medical Officer M.S.M. – Military Service Medal Mtd. – Mounted N.A.M. – National Army Museum. Chelsea, London N.C.O. – Non-commissioned Officer 9 N.Y.D.N. – Not Yet Diagnosed Nervous (Medical term for person suspected of shell shock) O.B.E. – Order of the British Empire O.C. – Officer Commanding O.H. – British Official History of the Great War, Military Operations O.P. – Observation Post O.R. – Other Rank O.T.C. – Officer Training Corps P.B.I. – Poor Bloody Infantry (slang) Pl. – Platoon. P.O.W. – Prisoner of War p.s.c. – Passed Staff College, Camberley or Quetta Pte.
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