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Notes Du Mont Royal ← Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Bibliothèque nationale de France «Px a * I, LES ÔMabinogion du Livre Rouge de "encan avec les variantes du Livre Blànc de Ramona! Traduit: du gallois une un: introduction. un commentaire explicnif et des notes critiqua ’ PAR J. LOTH PIHIFISSLLK AL" CULLtüI DE l’IlASCK ÉDITION ENTIÈREMENT anus, commuât: ET AUGIBNTÉI 1.407"? "2.x è3,.I. x. 1 TOME (un v). a," r? "Z9j *.)r PARIS FONTEMOING ET Cie, ÉDITEURS 4. aux LB son, 4 [9’13 1.. S ’poU Enfin, Nt 290879 K; x," ’0’" , jMabinogion’. Livre Rouge de nanans-r avec les variantes du Livre Blanc de anlinnlcn Tnduin du gluoit avec une introduction. un commcmairc explicatif et des nom critiques J. LOTHPAR I’llI»p’lü»I.l’v: A. malin». m "un. Il ÉDITION ENTIÈREMENT nævus, CORRIGÉE ET Al’ülENTÉB lulu. Inn-m TOME Il I un». nuls FONTEMOING ET Cie, ÉDITEURS 4, au: LE son, 4 l913 LES MABINOGION OWElN (1) ET LUNET (2: ou la Dame de la Fontaine L ’empereur Arthur se trouvait à Kaer Llion (3)sur Wysc. Or un jour il était assis dans sa chambre en. (l) Owen ab Uryen est un des trois gwyndeyrn (rois bénis) de Pile (Triade: Mah, p. son, ’l). Son harde, Degynelw, est un des trois ywæwrudd ou hommes à. la lance ronge (Ibid., p. 356, 8 ; d’autres triades appellent ce barde Tristvardd (Skene. Il, p. 458). Son cheval, Carnavlawc, est un des trois anreithvarck ou elle, Imam de butin (Livre Noir, Skene,ll, p. la, 2). Sa tombe estù Llan Morne] (112:1, p. 29, 25; cf. ibid., p. 26, 6 -,49, 29, 23). Suivant Taliesin, Owein aurait tué Ida Flamddwyn ou [du Porte-brandon, qui paraît être le roi de Norlhumhric, dont la chronique anglo- aaxonne fixe la mqrt à l’année 560(Petrie, Mon. hist. brit., Taüesîn, Skeue, Il, p. 199, XLlV). Son père, UI-yen, est encore plus célè- bre. C’est le. héros favori de Taliesin (Skeue, Il, Taliesin,XXXlV, XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, XXXlX). Il était roi de Bagad, district que l’on place le plus souvent dans le Nord ; mais on appelait aussiainsi larèglon comprenant Gwyr,GeIlweli,Carnwyllion,Cantrev4 Bychnn et Is Carmen. (lolo rusa, p. un). D’après un passage de lagénéalogie de Nennius, Urhgen(: Uryen)avec ses alliés Biderch, u 1 2 LES Mlnmoelon compagnie d’Owen, fils d’Uryen. de Kynon (l), fils de Klydno et de Kei,fils de Kynyr. Gwenhwy- Guallauc et Moment, aurait lutlé contre Deodric, fils «rida, qui régna vers 591511 aurait. réussi à enfermer Deodric et ses fils dans l’île de Metcawl. (Lindisfarne l), mais il aurait péri par suite de la défection de Moment qui était jaloux de lui (Pelrie, Mon. hist brit.,p.75). Suivant les Triades, son meurtrierserail. Llcwan Llaw- divro (Triades, Mach, p. 303, 28) Il aurait été me, d’après Llywnrch Heu, à Aherlleu (v. Livre Bouge, ap.Skene, Il, p. 267, Xll, Élegîe sur Uryen). Dlaprès les généalogies des saints, Uryen serait venu -- au sud du pays de Galles et aurait contribué, avec les enfants de Gercdîc ab Cunedda, à expulser les Gsëls, et serait naturellement devenu un saint (lolo mss..p. 127). Uryen était fils de Kynvaroh, dont une des grandes tribus des Bretons du nord portail le nom (Skene, Il, p. 455). Le nom d’urbgen, Urgent, se retrouve chez les Bretons armoricains (Carl. de Bedon). Llywarch Han célèbre sou- vent Uryen et Owein (Skene, Il, p. 219,220, 262, 267, 259, 270,271, 272, 291, 392, 295). LeBrut Grufi’udd ab Arlhnr (version galloise de l’Historia de Gaufrei) mentionne un endroit près de Winchester, portant le nom de Mars Uryen ou champ ou plaine d’Uryen (Mgr. arch., 509-1) Sur Uryen et. le rajeunie de liaged, v. J. Luth, Remar- ques aux bien: poèmes Gallois, Revue cell., XXI, 28. (2 de la page précédente). minet. Les poètes ("ont souvent men- tion d’elle (Grufi’udd ab Marsdudd. poète du xis" siècle, dans la M90. urubu, p. 306, col. 1 ; cf. Dnvydd eh Gwilym, p. 45, et surtout p. 287). Lunet paraît. dérivé de llnn, image, effigie (cf. les noms Lunen,Lun-m.onoc dans le Carl. de Radon). (3 de la. page précédente). Chrétien mais la cour à Cârduel en Gales. Sur le sans de ces mais, v. J. Luth, Revue celtique. Xlll, p. 499 ; sur l’intériorité du poète français dans tout le début de l’aventure de Kynon. voir Introduction p. 80 note 1. r (1) Kynon est un des trois chevaliers au sage conseil de la cour d*Arl.luu-; les deux autres sont Arawn, fils de Cynvarch et Lly- warch Heu, fils d’Elidyr Lydanwen (Myv. arch., p. 411, 116).G’esl. aussi un des irois amoureux de Bretagne : il aime Momcld, fille d’Uryen de Bagad (113121., 410. 102 g cf. p. ses. col. 2). Le Kynon légendaire était. célèbre un milieu du x11. siècle. Dans le poème en Owen ET muer ou LA DAME DE LA FONTAINE 3 var et ses suivantes cousaient près de la fenêtre. rOn disait qu’il ylavait un portier à la cour d’Ar- thnr, mais, en réalité, il n’y en àvait point (1) : c’était Glewlwyt Gavaeluawr qui en remplissait les fonctions; il recevait les Hôtes et les gens venant de loin ;il lem-rendait les premiers honneur-5,. leur faisait connaître les manières et les usages de l’honneur du clan de Madawc ab Maredudd roi Ide POWys, mort en 1159 et composé de son vivant (Livre Noir de Cul-m. ap. Skene F. a. B. of. Walras I[,p. 57-29), il est. question du fracas des batail- les de Kynon. Sa bombe est à Llanhadarn (ibid. 29-12). Cynddelw (Myv. ardu, 170-171) à peu près à la même époque, vante l’impétuosité de Cynon, qu’il fait [ils 51e Kîlvauawyd, tandis que Idans ce roman,il est [ils de Klydno. Or Kynon,fils de Klydn’o, est un des principaux guerriers qui figurent. dans le célèbre poème du Gododin, dont la rédaction que nous possédons peut être de la fin du 11v ou du ’x° siècle. Il est au pays d’Aerrin en Cardigan. C’est un des trois guerriers qui sléchappèrent de la bataille de Kat- truethi C’est le vengeur d’Arvon (F. a. B. Il. p. 80-18 ; 68-21; 73-23; 74-8; 69-27 g 83-5 ; 103-15. Il est mentionné dans le Gorchan Maelderw (ibid., p. 106. 25) comme dans le Gododin et dans les mêmes termes (sa. 5) ; or ce morceau date sûrement au . plus tard du XI’ siècle; le scribe copiait un ms. on vieux-gallois. C’est bien donc le héros du Gedodin devenu plus ou moinslégen- claire qui paraît dans le roman. Le seul personnage historique un peu ancien du nom de Kynon, est un roi d’Angiesey, mort. en 510. Il semble qu’il soit fait une allusion à ce personnage dans le Gnrchzm Tutuwlch (F. a. B. Il, p. 94-27). Pour la date du Goda- (lin, v. Loth, Remarques un: viella; poèmes Gallois, Heu. Celt, xXI, 28, en. (1) Lady Guest fait remarquer qu’à en juger par un passage de Rhys Brychan, poëte de la fin du xve siècle, l’absence de portier était une marque (l’hospitalité. Un poète de la même époque cons; tate qu’Owein ab Grulludd ab Nicholas a clans sa maison tous les officiers moins le portier (Llew. Glyn Cathi. p. 139, v. au). 4 LES filslnoeron le cour; il indiquait il ceux qui avaient droit d’y entrer la salle et la chambre g à éeuà’qui avaient droit au logement, leur hôtel. Au milieu de la chambre étaitassis l’empereurArthur sur un siège de joncs verts (i) recouvert d’un manteau de paile jaune-rouge;sous son coude, un coussin recouvert depaile rouge. «Hommes », dit Arthur, « si vous ne vous moquiez pas de moi, je dormirais volontiers en attendant, mon repas. Pour vous, vouspouvez causer, prendre des pois d’hydromel. et des tran- ches de viande de la plain de Kei. » Et l’empereur s’endormit. Kygon, fils de Klydno, reclamaà Kei ce quel’em- pareur leur avait promis. « Je veux d’abord, n» dit Kei, e le récit qui m’a été promis. » - « Homme, s dit Kynon, « ce que tu as de mieux à faire, c’est de réaliser la promesse d’Arthur, ensuite nous te di- rons le meilleur récit que nous pouvons savoir. » Kei s’en alla à la cuisine et au cellier ; il en revint svec des cruchons d’hydromel, un gobelet d’or, et plein le poing de broches portant des tranches de viande. ils prirent les tranches et se mirent à (1) Les cochers des héros irlandais Ferdiaidh et Guchulain leur préparent, pour se reposer, après une lutte épique, un lit de joncs verts (O’Curry, On tine manners il, p. 3M). Dans les romans fran- çais de le Table Bonde, il est souvent question de la jonchée : ce sont des joncs, ou des fleurs on des herbes odoriférantes recou- vrant le sol. Les salles n’étaient pas pavées ’(Paulin Paris, Les Romans de la Table Ronde, lll, p. 320). La même habitude a existé, d’après lady Guest, en Angleterre et en Galles, au moyen âgeÆllc en cite un exemple tire d’un récit du xn-- siècle. OWEN ET LUNET au LA.
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