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Addressing the Global Health Workforce Crisis: Challenges for France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the Uk
THE HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH CRISIS MAPPING POLICIES ADDRESSING THE GLOBAL HEALTH WORKFORCE CRISIS: CHALLENGES FOR FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, SPAIN AND THE UK PUBLISHED BY ACTION FOR GLOBAL HEALTH IN JANUARY 2011 Action for Global Health is a network of Our member organisations are a mix of European health and development development and health organisations, organisations advocating for the European including experts on HIV, TB or sexual and Union and its Member States to play a reproductive health and rights, but together stronger role to improve health in our work is organised around a broad development countries. AfGH takes an approach to health. AfGH works to recognise integrated approach to health and advocates the interlinkages of global health issues and for the fulfilment of the right to health for all. targets with a focus on three specific needs: One billion people around the world do not getting more money for health, making health have access to any kind of health care and we care accessible to those that need it most passionately believe that Europe can do more and strengthening health systems to make to help change this. Europe is the world them better equipped to cope with leader in terms of overall foreign aid challenges and respond to peoples’ needs. spending, but it lags behind in the proportion that goes to health. Visit our website to learn more about our work and how to engage in our advocacy and campaign actions. www.actionforglobalhealth.eu FRONT COVER IMAGE © TERESA S. RÁVINA / FPFE N I R I / Y E L D D I R CONTENTS A L E G U T © Executive Summary 4 Acknowledements This report was produced by Action for 1. -
Consultation to Draft Guidelines on Monitoring the Implementation Of
Consultation to Draft guidelines on monitoring the implementation of the Global Code on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel Action for Global Health1 contribution The Who Global Code on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel is the first major international recognition of the truly global nature of the health worker shortage and the role that unregulated migration is playing in undermining the right to health for all. The Code of Practice promises to have a significant impact on the deplorable shortage of health workers in low-income countries. However the voluntary nature of the Code leaves it to the risk of dilution or being ignored. The need, not just of monitoring –as included in the Code itself-, but of common standards and clear guidelines for this tracking is, therefore, essential. Without a way to assess the implementation of the Code, the document would be useless as we wouldn’t be able to know in which level it would be having any impact. If a periodic reporting to WHO is the only way we have, till now, to foster Member States to implement the Code, the reporting guidelines must be as defined and concrete as possible, with low levels of ambiguity or subjectivity, in order to really avoid any dilution and be sure we are getting a meaningful assessment and implementation. With this aim, Action for Global Health wants like to share the following observations to the draft: The article 2.3 asks destination countries to compensate source ones with cooperation, in different ways, to strengthen their health systems. The compensation is the only way to stop the plundering that the developed states hiring from developing ones is. -
Stakeholders' Perceptions of Policy Options to Support the Integration Of
Ajuebor et al. Human Resources for Health (2019) 17:13 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0348-6 RESEARCH Open Access Stakeholders’ perceptions of policy options to support the integration of community health workers in health systems Onyema Ajuebor1* , Giorgio Cometto1, Mathieu Boniol1 and Elie A. Akl2 Abstract Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are an important component of the health workforce in many countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a guideline to support the integration of CHWs into health systems. This study assesses stakeholders’ valuation of outcomes of interest, acceptability and feasibility of policy options considered for the CHW guideline development. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) study targeting stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in country implementation of CHW programmes was conducted in 2017. Data was collected from 96 stakeholders from five WHO regions using an online questionnaire. A Likert scale (1 to 9) was used to grade participants’ assessments of the outcomes of interest, and the acceptability and feasibility of policy options were considered. Results: All outcomes of interest were considered by at least 90% of participants as ‘important’ or ‘critical’. Most critical outcomes were ‘improved quality of CHW health services’ and ‘increased health service coverage’ (91.5% and 86.2% participants judging them as ‘critical’ respectively). Out of 40 policy options, 35 were considered as ‘definitely acceptable’ and 36 ‘definitely feasible’ by most participants. The least acceptable option (37% of participants rating ‘definitely not acceptable’) was the selection of candidates based on age. The least feasible option (29% of participants rating ‘definitely not feasible’) was the selection of CHWs with a minimum of secondary education. -
Towards a Framework Convention on Global Health: a Transformative Agenda for Global Health Justice
Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 1 2013 Towards a Framework Convention on Global Health: A Transformative Agenda for Global Health Justice Lawrence 0. Gostin Eric A. Friedman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjhple Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons, and the Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence 0. Gostin & Eric A. Friedman, Towards a Framework Convention on Global Health: A Transformative Agenda for Global Health Justice, 13 YALE J. HEALTH POL'Y L. & ETHICS (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjhple/vol13/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics by an authorized editor of Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gostin and Friedman: Towards a Framework Convention on Global Health: ARTICLESA Transformative Towards a Framework Convention on Global Health: A Transformative Agenda for Global Health Justice t Lawrence 0. Gostin* & Eric A. Friedman" ABSTRACT: Global health inequities cause nearly 20 million deaths annually, mostly among the world's poor. Yet international law currently does little to reduce the massive inequalities that underlie these deaths. This Article offers the first systematic account of the goals and justifications, normative foundations, and potential construction of a proposed new global health treaty, a Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH), grounded in the human right to health. -
The Reason Given for the UK's Decision to Float Sterling Was the Weight of International Short-Term Capital
- Issue No. 181 No. 190, July 6, 1972 The Pound Afloat: The reason given for the U.K.'s decision to float sterling was the weight of international short-term capital movements which, despite concerted intervention from the Bank of England and European central banks, had necessitated massive sup port operations. The U.K. is anxious that the rate should quickly o.s move to a "realistic" level, at or around the old parity of %2. 40 - r,/, .• representing an effective 8% devaluation against the dollar. A w formal devaluation coupled with a wage freeze was urged by the :,I' Bank of England, but this would be politically embarrassing in the }t!IJ light of the U.K. Chancellor's repeated statements that the pound was "not at an unrealistic rate." The decision to float has been taken in spite of a danger that this may provoke an international or European monetary crisis. European markets tend to consider sterling as the dollar's first line of defense and, although the U.S. Treasury reaffirmed the Smithsonian Agreement, there are fears throughout Europe that pressure on the U.S. currency could disrupt the exchange rate re lationship established last December. On the Continent, the Dutch and Belgians have put forward a scheme for a joint float of Common Market currencies against the dollar. It will not easily be implemented, since speculation in the ex change markets has pushed the various EEC countries in different directions. The Germans have been under pressure to revalue, the Italians to devalue. Total opposition to a Community float is ex pected from France (this would sever the ties between the franc and gold), and the French also are adamant that Britain should re affirm its allegiance to the European monetary agreement and return to a fixed parity. -
Universal Health Coverage: Annotated Bibliography 2.0 March 2015 Universal Health Coverage: Annotated BIBLIOGRAPHY 2.0
Universal HealtH Coverage: annotated BiBliograpHy 2.0 March 2015 Universal HealtH Coverage: annotated BiBLIOGRAPHy 2.0 © Global HealtH ProGramme, Rabin Martin and JoHns HoPkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global HealtH, and tHe Study of Business enterPrise | 2015 Address requests for hardcopies or for insertion into the next version to: Global Health Programme The Graduate Institute PO Box 136 1211 Geneva 21 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Version to download at graduateinstitute.ch/globalhealth/publications rabinmartin.com/our-insights/reports Layout: Rüdiger Puntke 2 | 7. MetriCs Contents Acknowledgment . 4 Introduction: the expanding global focus on universal health coverage . 5 1. Universal Health Coverage: Concepts and Considerations . 9 2. Governance. 24 3. Equity and Social Protection . 28 4. Health Systems Financing . 36 5. Health Systems Delivery . 39 6. Health Workforce . 41 7. Metrics . 46 8. Country Case Studies . 53 | 3 Universal HealtH Coverage: annotated BiBLIOGRAPHy 2.0 acknowledgment The following persons have contributed to this version of the bibliography: Ilona Kickbusch, Jeffrey Sturchio, Louis Galambos, Tanya Mounier, Michaela Told, Martina Szabo, and Lyndsey Canham. We would like to thank the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA), Merck Serono, Novartis, and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) for their unrestricted educational grants to the project. 4 | 1. Universal HealtH Coverage: ConCepts and Considerations introduction: the expanding global focus on universal health coverage As all countries contemplate how to extend health care services to all of their citizens in a way that guards against the risk of catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditures, improves health outcomes equitably and uses available resources efficiently, universal health coverage (UHC) has emerged as an aspirational goal of governments and civil society worldwide. -
Outcome Document from the Action for Global Health Technical Meeting: “Strengthening Universal Health Coverage Measurement and Accountability”
Outcome document from the Action for Global Health technical meeting: “Strengthening Universal Health Coverage Measurement and Accountability” Brussels, April 2015 This document outlines the recommendations drawn from a roundtable discussion in Brussels, Belgium, which took place from 23 - 24, April 2015. The meeting brought together health experts from 11 countries across five continents, including government and multilateral representatives, academia and civil society. Given the global momentum around Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and its likely inclusion in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), attention has now shifted towards its measurement. The way in which UHC is measured, and the monitoring and accountability mechanisms that are put in place, will have huge impact on how UHC is implemented, and whether or not it prioritises equity and human rights. The outcomes of the ‘Measurement and Accountability for Results in Health’ process will provide vital input towards defining this agenda and the longer term success of health reforms. In this context, the meeting discussed how monitoring and accountability mechanisms can be shaped, building on both existing best practices and innovative ideas. Participants produced a set of key recommendations to strengthen UHC indicators and develop a monitoring framework that ensures national and global accountability of many different stakeholders. We, participants of this meeting, urge all stakeholders to take into consideration the following recommendations: Regarding post 2015 global health indicators: 1. Health service coverage should be included in the set of UHC indicators next to a financial protection indicator in order to reflect a complete interpretation of the concept of UHC. 2. Overall progress towards the health SDG should be measured by an additional overarching indicator on healthy life expectancy across all countries. -
GLOBAL HEALTH POLICYMAKING in France
Country Profile GLOBAL HEALTH POLICYMAKING in France OVERVIEW France is the third largest European donor to global health after the United Kingdom and Germany.1 In 2009, France’s gross offi- AT A GLANCE: FRANCE’S GLOBAL cial development assistance (ODA) was US$15.54 billion (€11.16 HEALTH STRATEGY billion), of which about 5.5% or US$857 million (€615.4 million) Strategic Priorities: fighting communicable diseases was spent on health.2 Most of France’s spending on health is such as HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria; strengthening health channeled through multilateral organizations that fund control systems; mobilizing innovative financing for develop- of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. ment; and improving maternal and child health France’s global health strategy is currently being revised by Partner Countries with a Focus on Health: Benin, the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Ministère des Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Affaires étrangères et européennes, MAEE). The new strategy will Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Mada- be launched in 2011 and elaborate on France’s specific global gascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Republic of Guinea, health priority areas for 2011–2015. Senegal, Togo GLOBAL HEALTH PRIORITIES AND STRATEGY Key Reference Document: Development Cooperation: a French Vision (2011) France’s spending on health is characterized by a desire to play a key role in achieving the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), in particular MDG 6 (fighting communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria). Support GLOBAL HEALTH FUNDING for meeting the health MDGs is strategically prioritized in some In 2002, the government committed to spending 0.7% of gross of France’s poorest partner countries (see below). -
Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized ISBN 978 92 4 151355 5 http://www.who.int/healthinfo/universal_health_coverage/report/2017/en/ Public Disclosure Authorized Tracking Universal Health Coverage: http://www.worldbank.org/health 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking Universal Health Coverage: 2017 Global Monitoring Report Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report ISBN 978-92-4-151355-5 © World Health Organization and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO or The World Bank endorse any specic organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo or The World Bank logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO) or The World Bank. WHO and The World Bank are not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. -
World Report on Health Policy and Systems Research
World report on health policy and systems research ISBN 978-92-4-151226-8 © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. World report on health policy and systems research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. -
The World Health Organization and the Globalization of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease
1 The World Health Organization and the Globalization of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease George Weisz, PhD, McGill University Etienne Vignola-Gagné, Dr. Phil., McGill University George Weisz is Cotton-Hannah Professor of the History of Medicine at McGill University. Etienne Vignola-Gagné is a Postdoctoral Fellow at McGill University This is an early draft of an article that has subsequently been published in Population and Development Review. Complete citation information for the final version of the paper, as published in the print edition of Population and Development Review, is available on Wiley Interscience’s online journal service, accessible via the journal’s website at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdr.” 2 Abstract Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have recently provoked a surge of public interest. This paper examines the policy literature, notably the archives and publications of the World Health Organization (WHO), which has dominated this field, to analyze the emergence and consolidation of this new agenda. Starting with programs to control cardiovascular disease in the 1970s, experts from eastern and western Europe had by the late 1980s consolidated a program for the prevention of NCDs risk factors at the WHO. NCDs remained a relatively minor concern until the collaboration of World Bank health economists with WHO epidemiologists lead to the Global Burden of Disease study that provided an “evidentiary breakthrough” for NCD activism by quantifying the extent of the problem. Soon after, WHO itself, facing severe criticism, underwent major reform. NDC advocacy contributed to revitalizing the WHO’s normative and coordinative functions. By leading a growing advocacy coalition, within which The Lancet played a key role, WHO established itself as a leading institution in this domain. -
Faces of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: Terrorism from Above and Below
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Sociology Publications and Other Works Sociology 11-7-2008 Faces of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: Terrorism from Above and Below Asafa Jalata University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_socopubs Part of the African Studies Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Jalata, Asafa, "Faces of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: Terrorism from Above and Below" (2008). Sociology Publications and Other Works. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_socopubs/3 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Publications and Other Works by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FACES OF TERRORISM IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: TERRORISM FROM ABOVE AND BELOW Asafa Jalata The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Paper presented at the Oak Ridge Institute for Continued Learning Philosophical Society, November 7, 2008. This paper explains how the intensification of globalization as the modern world system with its ideological intensity of racism and religious extremism and its concomitant advancement in technology and organizational skills has increased the danger of all forms of terrorism. In this world system, the contestation over economic resources and power and the resistance to domination and repression or religious and ideological extremism have increased the occurrence of terrorism from above (i.e.