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Arsi University School of Humanities and Law By ARSI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STREAM IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT ON LAND USE LAND COVER DYNAMICS: THE CASE OF CHEWAQA RESETTLEMENT SITE IN OROMIYA REGIONAL STATE BY GETACHEW BERBADA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS, SPECIALIZATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT JUNE, 2016 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA ARSI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STREAM IMPACTS OF RESETTLEMENT ON LAND USE LAND COVER DYNAMICS: THE CASE OF CHEWAQA RESETTLEMENT SITE IN OROMIYA REGIONAL STATE BY GETACHEW BERBADA ADVISOR MESSAY MULUGETA (ASS.PROFESSOR) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS, SPECIALIZATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT JUNE, 2016 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA Approval sheet Arsi University School of Graduate This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Getachew Berbada, entitled: Impacts of Resettlement on Land use/Land cover dynamics: submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Environmental Disaster Risk Management, complies with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Approved by Board of Examiners __________________________ ____________ __________ Adviser (Name) Signature Date ________________________ ____________ __________ External Examiner (Name) Signature Date ____________________ ____________ _________ Internal Examiner (Name) Signature Date _______________________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program coordinator i Acknowledgment First and fore most, I would like to thank, ‘Almighty God’ who made possible, not only to begin and finish this work successfully, also for His protection and favor in my entire life. Many thanks to my advisor Dr. Messay Mulugeta, Who patiently edits the manuscript and provides me valuable comments and advices throughout my thesis work. I would like to express my gratitude to candidate Dr. Tesfaye Genamo, for helping me to develop a sense of independent work personality and for his constant help. I am also thankful to administers of Chewaka wereda, particularly, Ato Addisu Geleta who provided me various ancillary data. I can’t find words powerful enough to express my profound feeling to my family and colleagues for their financial, material support as well as constant encouragement to mold me as what I am on the present state. Without whom my life would not have been successful. Last but not the least, I would like to convey my special thanks to my colleagues, for sharing wisdom and experiences as well as spending smart time in the course of the two years graduate program. ii Table of Contents Approval sheet ................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures and Tables............................................................................................................ vii Acronyms and abbreviations........................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the study .................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 2 1.3. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. General Objective ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.5. Scope and limitation of the study ..................................................................................... 5 1.6. Significance of the study .................................................................................................. 5 1.7. Organization of the study ................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER II: RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................... 7 2.1. Definitions and concepts of land use and land cover change ........................................... 7 2.1. The Global impact of Land Use and Land Cover changes .............................................. 9 2.2. Land Use and Land Cover changes in African context .................................................. 10 2.3. Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Ethiopia ............................................................ 11 2.4. Population growth, Land degradation and deforestation ............................................... 12 2.4.1. Population growth versus resource use ................................................................... 12 2.5. Deforestation and Land degradation in Ethiopia............................................................ 14 2.5.1. Deforestation ........................................................................................................... 14 2.6. The Definitions and concepts of resettlement ................................................................ 15 2.7. Resettlement experiences of some countries; an overview of international and national experience.................................................................................................................................. 17 2.7.1. An overview of the experience of Brazil ................................................................ 17 2.7.2. Resettlement experience of Africa .......................................................................... 18 2.8. Impacts of resettlement in Ethiopia ................................................................................ 24 2.8.1. Social Impacts of Resettlement ............................................................................... 25 2.8.2. Environmental Impact of resettlement .................................................................... 26 2.9. Vegetation and wildlife .................................................................................................. 27 iii 2.10. Policy issues ................................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND THE RESEARCH METHODS ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1. Location .......................................................................................................................... 30 3.2. Climate ........................................................................................................................... 31 3.3. Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.1. Vegetation cover change study ............................................................................... 34 3.4. Soil and Geology ............................................................................................................ 35 3.5. Study design ................................................................................................................... 37 3.6. Population of the study ................................................................................................... 38 3.7. Sampling techniques ...................................................................................................... 38 3.8. Data types and sources ................................................................................................... 39 3.9. Tools of data collection .................................................................................................. 39 3.10. Techniques of data analysis............................................................................................ 40 3.11. Data validity and reliability ............................................................................................ 41 3.12. Ethical consideration ...................................................................................................... 41 CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ..................................................... 42 4.1. Vegetation/ forest cover changes ................................................................................... 42 4.2. Underlying cause of LU/LC dynamics........................................................................... 43 4.3. Analysis of Land use/Land cover dynamics .................................................................. 45 4.3.1. Land use/Land cover class of 1995 ......................................................................... 45 4.3.2. Land use/Land cover class of 2005 ........................................................................
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