FAMILY Solenostomidae Nardo, 1843 - ghost [=Prostomides, Solenostomini, Solenichthyoidei, Solenostomatichthyidae] Notes: Prostomides Latreille, 1825:117 [ref. 31889] (family) Solenostomus [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Solenostomini Nardo, 1843:244 [ref. 31940] (subfamily) Solenostomus [stem changed to Solenostomat- by Bleeker 1859d:XV [ref. 371], confirmed by Myers & Storey 1956:25 [ref. 32831] and by Smith 1961b:173 [ref. 18723]; Lindberg 1971:108 [ref. 27211], Nelson 1976:196 [ref. 32838] and Nelson 2006:312 [ref. 32486] used Solenostomidae; senior objective synonym of Solenichthyoidei Bleeker, 1865 and of Solenostomatichthyidae Fowler, 1934] Solenichthyoidei Bleeker, 1865a:273 [ref. 415] (family) Solenichthys [junior objective synonym of Solenostomini Nardo 1843, invalid, Article 61.3.2] Solenostomatichthyidae Fowler, 1934e:311 [ref. 32514] (family) Solenostomatichthys [junior objective synonym of Solenostomini Nardo, 1843, invalid, Article 61.3.2]

GENUS Solenostomus Lacepede, 1803 - ghost pipefishes [=Solenostomus Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1803:360, Solenichthys Bleeker [P.], 1864:183, Solenostomatichthys Bleeker [P.], 1874:76, Solenostomichthys Bleeker [P.], 1872:126] Notes: [ref. 4930]. Masc. Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, 1770. Type by monotypy. Not preoccupied by use in Gronow 1763, Klein 1778, Walbaum 1792, or Browne 1789 -- all are unavailable, and if they were subsequently made available then this occurred after 1803. •Valid as Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:85 [ref. 6441], Fritzsche 1984 [ref. 13658], Fritzsche 1986:459 [ref. 6295], Paxton et al. 1989:411 [ref. 12442], Orr & Fritzsche 1993:172 [ref. 20312], Fritzche & Thiesfeld 1999:2263 [ref. 24793], Orr et al. 2002:100 [ref. 26186], Keivany & Nelson 2006:S84 [ref. 28978], Paxton et al. 2006:805 [ref. 28995], Kuiter 2009:291 [ref. 30404], Satapoomin 2009:56 [ref. 30463]). Current status: Valid as Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803. Solenostomidae. (Solenichthys) [ref. 414]. Masc. Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, 1770. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Solenostoma [us] Lacepède, 1803, not preoccupied by use in Gronow 1763, Walbaum 1792 or Klein 1778 in fishes [rejected works]. Later spelled Solenostomichthys by Bleeker 1873:126 and Solenostomatichthys 1874:76. •Synonym of Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Fritzsche 1986:459 [ref. 6295], Orr & Fritzsche 1993:172 [ref. 20312]). Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803. Solenostomidae. (Solenostomatichthys) [ref. 443]. Masc. Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, 1770. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for or incorrect subsequent spelling of Solenichthys Bleeker, 1865; but appears to be a replacement for Solenostoma or Solenostomus; apparently Bleeker changed his Solenichthys to the spelling Solenostomatichthys. For date of publication (as laterst in Dec. 1974), see Kottelat 2013 [ref. 32740]. •Objective synonym of Solenichthys Bleeker, 1865 and of Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803 -- (Orr & Fritzsche 1993:172 [ref. 20312] as an unjustified emendation). Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803. Solenostomidae. (Solenostomichthys) [ref. 431]. Masc. Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, 1770. See Solenichthys Bleeker 1865 and Solenostomatichthys Bleeker, 1874. Apparently an unjustified emendation of Solenichthys Bleeker, 1865 -- (see Orr & Fritzsche 1993:172 [ref. 20312]). Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus Lacepède, 1803. Solenostomidae.

Species Solenostomus armatus Weber, 1913 - longtailed ghost [=Solenostomus armatus Weber [M.], 1913:103, Fig. 33c] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Arafura Sea, 2°35.5'S, 131°26.2'E, Siboga station 167, depth 95 meters. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus armatus Weber, 1913. Solenostomidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia, Fiji and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854 - [=Solenostoma cyanopterus Bleeker [P.], 1854:507, Solenostomus bleekerii Duméril [A. H. A.], 1870:498, Solenoichthys raceki Whitley [G. P.], 1955:156, Fig. 4] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref. 344] Wahai, Ceram, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854. Solenostomidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands, north to southern Japan, south to eastern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (bleekerii) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854. Solenostomidae. Habitat: marine. (raceki) [Australian Zoologist v. 12 (pt 2); ref. 4723] Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854. Solenostomidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Solenostomus halimeda Orr et al., 2002 - [=Solenostomus halimeda Orr [J. W.], Fritzsche [R. A.] & Randall [J. E.], 2002:101, Figs. 1-6] Notes: [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 26186] Mermaid Reef, Central Lagoon, Rowley Shoals, Western Australia, 17°06'S, 119°37'E. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus halimeda Orr, Fritzsche & Randall, 2002. Solenostomidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives, Western Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Mariana and Marshall islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Solenostomus leptosoma Tanaka, 1908 - delicate ghost pipefish [=Solenostomus leptosoma Tanaka [S.], 1908:29, Figured] Notes: [Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses v. 7 (pt 1); ref. 14424] Yodomi, Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus leptosoma Tanaka, 1908. Solenostomidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius to eastern Australia, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Solenostomus paegnius Jordan & Thompson, 1914 - roughsnout ghost pipefish [=Solenostomus paegnius Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.], 1914:235] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Misaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus paegnius Jordan & Thompson, 1914. Solenostomidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Australia, north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species (Pallas, 1770) - ornate ghost pipefish [=Fistularia paradoxa Pallas [P. S.], 1770:32, Pl. 4 (fig. 6), Solenostoma brachyurus Bleeker [P.], 1855:433, Solenostoma laciniatum Willey [A.], 1910:102, Pl. 1; Figs. 1-2, Solenostomus phantasticus Herre [A. W. C. T.], 1933:17] Notes: [Spicilegia Zoologica v. 1 (fasc. 8); ref. 12293] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770). Solenostomidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comores and western Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine. (brachyurus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8; ref. 350] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770). Solenostomidae. Habitat: marine. (laciniatum) [Spolia Zeylanica v. 6 (pt 23); ref. 14426] Dutch Bay, Nagal Paar, 5 miles north of Chilaw, Sri Lanka, depth 9.5 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770). Solenostomidae. Habitat: marine. (phantasticus) [Copeia 1933 (no. 1); ref. 2106] Dumaguete, Oriental Negros, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770). Solenostomidae. Habitat: marine

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa chinensis, Solenostomus Meuschen [F. C.] 1778:36 [Museum Gronovianum; ref. 17682] Original not seen. Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260). Solenostomidae. tabacaria, Solenostomus Meuschen [F. C.] 1778:36 [Museum Gronovianum; ref. 17682] Original not seen. Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260). Solenostomidae.