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Arch 150: Appreciation of Architecture I

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Arch 150: Appreciation of Architecture I Arch 150: Appreciation of Architecture I Egypt 1: Architecture of the Old Kingdom 3000 2000 1000 500 bc ad 500 Old Kingdom 3200-2158 (dynasties 1-8) Giza Saqqara Dahshur Meidum Memphis Thebes Djoser complex, Saqqara Step pyramid, Meidum 1st cataract (Aswan) Red, Bent pyramids, Dahshur Pyramid complex, Giza Stonehenge ca. 2750 bc Minoans and Mycenaeans ca. 1600 bc Indus Valley Egypt Civilization ca. 3200 bc Sumer ca. 2400 bc ca. 3000 bc 3000 2000 1000 500 0 500 Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Defeat of Cleopatra 3200-2158 (1-8) 2134-1786 (11-13) 1570-1085 (18-20) 31 bce Lower Egypt Giza Heliopolis Memphis Amarna Upper Egypt Thebes 1st cataract (Aswan) Nubia Kush 3000 2000 1000 500 0 500 Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Defeat of Cleopatra 3200-2158 (1-8) 2134-1786 (11-13) 1570-1085 (18-20) 31 bce Giza Heliopolis Memphis Amarna Thebes 1st cataract (Aswan) Nubia Kush Nile Delta 1st cataract (Aswan) Egyptian houses, 18th dynasty (ca. 1370 bce) Egyptian houses (present) Saqqara Abydos mastaba stela Typical mastaba Typical mastaba Mastaba interior 1st dynasty mastaba (Lower Egypt) 1st dynasty royal mastaba (Lower Egypt) Giza Saqqara Dahshur Meidum Lower Egypt, satellite view Saqqara Djoser complex and the Nile, Saqqara, satellite view Djoser complex, Saqqara, Egypt (ca. 2630 bce) Djoser complex, Saqqara, Egypt (ca. 2630 bce) Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex Djoser complex, building of the South and its prototype Djoser complex, serdab Djoser complex, serdab Djoser complex, Pyramid Djoser complex, underground chambers Meidum Step Pyramid, Meidum (ca. 2610 bce) Step Pyramid, Meidum (ca. 2500 bce) Step Pyramid, Meidum (ca. 2610 bce) Step Pyramid, Meidum (ca. 2610 bce) Dahshur Red Pyramid Bent Pyramid Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Red Pyramid and Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Red Pyramid and Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) valley temple causeway Black Pyramid Mortuary Temple (middle kingdom) Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Valley Temple Causeway Mortuary Temple Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Valley Temple Mortuary Temple Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Bent Pyramid, Dahshur Bent Pyramid, Dahshur (ca. 2600 bce) Giza Pyramids of Kufu, Khafre and Menkaure, Giza (ca. 2600 bce) Khufu Khafre Menkaure Pyramid complex, Giza (2550 – 2460 bce) Pyramid complex, Giza (2550 – 2460 bce) Pyramid complex, Giza Pyramid complex, Giza (2550 – 2460 bce) Pyramid complex, Giza (2550 – 2460 bce) Khafre Menkaure Khufu Pyramid complex, Giza Pyramid of Khufu, Giza Pyramid of Khufu, Giza Pyramid of Khufu, Giza Khafre pyramid complex, Giza Khafre valley temple Khafre valley temple Khafre valley temple Khafre Great Sphinx (ca. 2500 bce) Khafre mortuary temple Menkaure pyramid complex, Giza Pyramid comparison Khufu pyramid: • 2.3 million blocks (4000 - 200,000 lbs each) • 144,000 casing stones • construction time, 23 years (+/-) • 1 block every 2 minutes, 10 hours/day, 365 days per year. Pyramid construction Pyramid construction Djhutihotep sculpture Pyramid construction quarrying with wedges and levers Pyramid construction helical and straight ramps Pyramid construction rope roll .
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