DOCSLIB.ORG

Gammarus Roeselii (Amphipoda) Over Its Geographical Range: Evidence for Both Host–Parasite Co- Diversification and Recent Host Shifts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gammarus Roeselii (Amphipoda) Over Its Geographical Range: Evidence for Both Host–Parasite Co- Diversification and Recent Host Shifts UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTÉ, France - UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Equipe Ecologie Evolutive. UNIVERSITY OF LODZ, Poland - Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology. Philosophiæ doctor in Life Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Adrien QUILES Evolutionary histories of symbioses between microsporidia and their amphipod hosts : contribution of studying two hosts over their geographic ranges. Ph.D defense will be held the 12/13/2019 amphitheatre Monge, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, 13/12/2019 Jury : Didier BOUCHON, Professor Poitiers University Reviewer Łukasz KAJTOCH, Doctor Polish Academy of Sciences (Kraków) Reviewer habilitated Isabelle FLORENT,Professor National Museum of Natural History Examiner (Paris) Jerzy BANBURA, Professor Lodz University Examiner, Président Thierry RIGAUD, Research Scientific Research National Center Supervisor director Rémi WATTIER, Doctor Burgundy University Co-supervisor Karolina BACELA, Doctor Lodz University Co-Supervisor habilitated "Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution." Albert Einstein As quoted in "What Life Means to Einstein: An Interview by George Sylvester Viereck" in The Saturday Evening Post (26 October 1929) ACKNOWLEDGMENT Special thanks to; All the people who helped me during the development of my thesis and especially my directors, Thierry RIGAUD, Rémi WATTIER and Karolina BACELA- SPYCHALSKA how trusted me to carry this project, their great availability and all their advices during those 3 years of team work. I would like, to thank the members of my jury to accept the evaluation of this thesis work: Didier BOUCHON, Łukasz KAJTOCH, Isabelle FLORENT, Jerzy BANBURA. I know your time is precious and I am grateful for the comments, criticisms and advice you will give me and I will make the best use of it to improve my work. This work would not have been possible without the support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-CE32-0006), and the Polish ministry of science and education (N N303 579439 and N N304 350139), which allowed me, thanks to those research allocation and various financial support, to devote myself serenely to the development of my thesis. Michal GRABOWSKI who help me improving articles and part of the thesis. Tomasz REWICZ, Tomasz MAMOS which provided me inestimable valuable materials of Gammarids samples from all across Europe, to advance this research. Sébastien DUPERRON and Richard CORDEAU for their help and many advise during thesis supervisory committee. This work could not have been carried out without the availability and friendship of Maria TEIXEIRA which showed me the molecular biological lab and help me doing experiences. Manon CHOGNE, Camille SABARLY, Sebastien MOTREUIL and Alexandre BAUER for their friendship in the laboratory and outside. Aleksandra JABLONSKA for her friendship when I was in cold winter time in Poland. The help of tree hard worker third degree student, Nicolas LAMBIN, Vincent GARDET, Laurène CHEVALIER for dissecting, extracting DNA and screening thousands of individuals for microsporidia with me. At the end of this journey, I finally thank those who are dear to me and that I have somewhat neglected during those tree year to complete this thesis. Their attentions and encouragements have accompanied me throughout these years. To my parents, Muriel and Jean-Marc QUILES my brother Robin QUILES. I have a particular thought for my grandmothers, Daisy CAMIER and Nadine QUILES. I would like to thanks all my friends for their support and trust. CONTENTS GENERAL BACKGROUND................................................................................................ 1 SYMBIOSES AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES ............................. 1 Co-evolutionary patterns and processes ........................................................................ 1 Parasitism ....................................................................................................................... 4 MICROSPORIDIA: the ultimate parasites? ...................................................................... 7 General characteristics and cycle ................................................................................... 7 Phylogeny ...................................................................................................................... 8 GAMMARIDS ................................................................................................................. 13 Distribution and Ecological role .................................................................................. 13 Phylogeny and cryptic diversity .................................................................................. 16 MICROSPORIDIA – AMPHIPODA ASSOCIATIONS ................................................ 19 Ph.D AIMS ...................................................................................................................... 29 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER I. MICROSPORIDIAN INFECTIONS IN THE SPECIES COMPLEX GAMMARUS ROESELII (AMPHIPODA) OVER ITS GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: EVIDENCE FOR BOTH HOST–PARASITE CO- DIVERSIFICATION AND RECENT HOST SHIFTS ................................. 47 I.1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ 48 I.2 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 49 I.3 METHODS .............................................................................................................. 51 I.3.1 Sampling .......................................................................................................... 51 I.3.2 Host dissection and total DNA extraction ....................................................... 51 I.3.3 Molecular screening for microsporidians ........................................................ 51 I.3.4 Sequencing of the microsporidian SSU rDNA ................................................ 52 I.3.5 Phylogeny reconstruction for microsporidians ................................................ 52 I.3.6 Geographical distribution of parasites and potential host specificity .............. 53 I.3.7 Host phylogeny and distribution versus microsporidia prevalence and phylogeny ......................................................................................................... 53 I.4 RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 53 I.4.1 Overall prevalence and broad geographical distribution of microsporidian infections in G. roeselii .................................................................................... 53 I.4.2 Microsporidian diversity and phylogenetic position ........................................ 53 I.4.3 Rare infections (i.e. infections not ascribed to the genera Nosema, Cucumispora and Dictyocoela) .............................................................................................. 53 I.4.4 Infections ascribed to the genus Nosema ......................................................... 55 I.4.5 Infections ascribed to the genus Cucumispora ................................................ 57 I.4.6 Infections ascribed to the genus Dictyocoela ................................................... 57 I.4.7 Parasite infections across G. roeselii phylogeny ............................................. 57 I.5 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................... 60 I.5.1 Diversity of microsporidian infections in Gammarus roeselii across its entire range ................................................................................................................. 60 I.5.2 Infections ascribed to the genus Nosema ......................................................... 61 I.5.3 Infections ascribed to the genus Cucumispora ................................................ 62 I.5.4 Infections ascribed to the genus Dictyocoela ................................................... 62 I.5.5 Comparison of microsporidian diversity in G. roeselii with other gammarid hosts ................................................................................................................. 63 I.6 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................... 64 I.7 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL ......................................................................... 65 I.8 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 65 CHAPTER II. EXPLORING HOST-PARASITE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GAMMARUS BALCANICUS SPECIES COMPLEX AND THE DIVERSITY OF ITS MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITES. ...................... 68 II.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................. 69 II.2 METHODS .......................................................................................................... 74 II.2.1 Sampling .......................................................................................................... 74 II.2.2 Host dissection and total DNA extraction ....................................................... 75 II.2.3 Molecular screening for microsporidians ........................................................ 76 II.2.4 Phylogeny
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to Crustacea
    38 Guide to Crustacea. This is a very large and varied group, comprising numerous families which are grouped under six Sub-orders. In the Sub-order ASELLOTA the uropods are slender ; the basal segments of the legs are not coalesced with the body as in most other Isopoda ; the first pair of abdominal limbs are generally fused, in the female, to form an operculum, or cover for the remaining pairs. This group includes Asellus aquaticus, which is FIG. 23. Bathynomus giganteus, about one-half natural size. (From Lankester's "Treatise on Zoology," after Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.) [Table-case No. 6.] common everywhere in ponds and ditches in this country, and a very large number of marine species, mostly of small size. The Sub-order PHKEATOICIDEA includes a small number of very peculiar species found in fresh water in Australia and New Zealand. In these the body is flattened from side to side, and Peraca rida—Isopoda. 39 the animals in other respects have a superficial resemblance to Amphipoda. In the Sub-order FLABELLIFERA the terminal limbs of the abdomen (uropods) are spread out in a fan-like manner on each side of the telson. Many species of this group, belonging to the family Cymothoidae, are blood-sucking parasites of fish, and some of them are remarkable for being hermaphrodite (like the Cirri- pedia), each animal being at first a male and afterwards a female. Mo' of these parasites are found adhering to the surface of the body, behind the fins or under the gill-covers of the fish. A few, however, become internal parasites like the Artystone trysibia exhibited in this case, which has burrowed into the body of a Brazilian freshwater fish.
    [Show full text]
  • The 17Th International Colloquium on Amphipoda
    Biodiversity Journal, 2017, 8 (2): 391–394 MONOGRAPH The 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda Sabrina Lo Brutto1,2,*, Eugenia Schimmenti1 & Davide Iaciofano1 1Dept. STEBICEF, Section of Animal Biology, via Archirafi 18, Palermo, University of Palermo, Italy 2Museum of Zoology “Doderlein”, SIMUA, via Archirafi 16, University of Palermo, Italy *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] th th ABSTRACT The 17 International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17 ICA) has been organized by the University of Palermo (Sicily, Italy), and took place in Trapani, 4-7 September 2017. All the contributions have been published in the present monograph and include a wide range of topics. KEY WORDS International Colloquium on Amphipoda; ICA; Amphipoda. Received 30.04.2017; accepted 31.05.2017; printed 30.06.2017 Proceedings of the 17th International Colloquium on Amphipoda (17th ICA), September 4th-7th 2017, Trapani (Italy) The first International Colloquium on Amphi- Poland, Turkey, Norway, Brazil and Canada within poda was held in Verona in 1969, as a simple meet- the Scientific Committee: ing of specialists interested in the Systematics of Sabrina Lo Brutto (Coordinator) - University of Gammarus and Niphargus. Palermo, Italy Now, after 48 years, the Colloquium reached the Elvira De Matthaeis - University La Sapienza, 17th edition, held at the “Polo Territoriale della Italy Provincia di Trapani”, a site of the University of Felicita Scapini - University of Firenze, Italy Palermo, in Italy; and for the second time in Sicily Alberto Ugolini - University of Firenze, Italy (Lo Brutto et al., 2013). Maria Beatrice Scipione - Stazione Zoologica The Organizing and Scientific Committees were Anton Dohrn, Italy composed by people from different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrophoretic Approach to the Biochemical Systematics of Gammarids
    HELGOL.~NDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~inder Meeresunters. 34, 391-400 (1981) Electrophoretic approach to the biochemical systematics of gammarids H.-P. Bulnheim 1 & A. Scholl 2 IBiologische Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale); Notkestr. 31, D-2000 Hamburg 52, Federal Republic o[ Germany 2Zoologisches Institut der Universit~t; Baltzerstr. 8, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland ABSTRACT: By utilizing the techniques for electrophoretic separation of proteins by vertical starch gels, the biochemical systematics of 10 Gammaridae species obtained from marine, brackish and freshwater habitats was studied. They included Chaetogammarus marinus, Gammarus zaddachi, G. salinus, G. oceanicus, G. tigrinus, G. chevreuxi, G. locusta, G. duebeni duebeni, G. d. celticus, G. putex pulex, and G. fossorurn. For comparison of electrophoretic mobilities selected enzymes (phosphoglucose isomerase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, arginine phosphokinase, hexo- kinase, leucine amino peptidase, mannose 6-phosphate isomerase) were assayed. They were used as diagnostic characters in terms of electrophoretic identities or diversities of most frequent alleles at polymorphic gene loci. These criteria could be applied to estimate intrageneric enzymic variation and degrees of genetic relatedness between the crustacean amphipod species under consideration, thereby complementing traditional morphological classification. INTRODUCTION The Gammaridae include a very large number of species inhabiting marine, brack- ish and fresh-waters, both epigean and hypogean. Their complex systematics has been subject of many studies and is still being treated at specific, generic and other levels of classification. In view of little morphological differentiation detected between several species and considerable variation of the characters used for diagnosis, certain members of the genus Gammarus proved to be a source of confusion for a long period of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquaculture Environment Interactions 11:481
    Vol. 11: 481–491, 2019 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published September 19 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00329 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Effect of diet on growth, survival and fatty acid profile of marine amphipods: implications for utilisation as a feed ingredient for sustainable aquaculture Hilke Alberts-Hubatsch1,*, Matthew James Slater1, Jan Beermann1,2 1Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 2Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany ABSTRACT: Rapidly expanding fed aquaculture demands high-quality, sustainable nutrient sources for utilisation as dietary ingredients. Exploring the potential of under-utilised resources from other industries is imperative to replace finite natural resources, such as fish meal. Marine gammarids may be an excellent source of essential fatty acids; however, their aquaculture using formulated diets remains untested in terms of survival, growth and nutritional value of the cul- tured product. Here, juveniles of 2 marine gammarid species, Gammarus locusta and Echinogam- marus marinus, were maintained in controlled feeding experiments with 2 marine diets (Ulva spp. and Fucus spp.) and 2 terrestrial diets (lupin meal and carrot leaves). G. locusta exhibited higher survival rates, particularly when fed carrot leaves, an agricultural waste product. Fatty acid pro- files of the resulting G. locusta product appear well suited for marine finfish nutrition, indicating high suitability of G.
    [Show full text]
  • Osmotic Regulation of the Amphipod Gammarus Chevreuxi (Sexton, 1912)
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk The Plymouth Student Scientist - Volume 06 - 2013 The Plymouth Student Scientist - Volume 6, No. 1 - 2013 2013 Osmotic regulation of the amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi (Sexton, 1912) Houston, S. Houston, S. (2013) 'Osmotic regulation of the amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi (Sexton, 1912)', The Plymouth Student Scientist, 6(1), p. 104-118. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/14011 The Plymouth Student Scientist University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. The Plymouth Student Scientist, 2013, 6, (1), 104-118 Osmotic regulation of the amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi (Sexton, 1912) Sam Houston Project Advisor: John Spicer, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK, PL4 8AA Abstract This study investigated osmotic regulation in the amphipod, Gammarus chevreuxi, and is the first publication of this organism’s osmotic regulatory curves. Unlike most estuarine amphipods studied to date which are hyperosmotic regulators, G. chevreuxi is a hyper- hyposmotic regulator. The hyperosmotic gradient maintained by G. chevreuxi in dilute media is very low (~120mmol.L-1), which has been interpreted as evidence of freshwater ancestry among the Crustacea. Salinity acclimation did not appear to affect heart rate or pleopod beat frequency. The gill cells responsible for ion uptake appeared to be smaller in high salinities or distorted.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Marine Amphipod DNA Barcode Libraries for Environmental Monitoring
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.26.268896; this version posted October 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Strengthening marine amphipod DNA barcode libraries for environmental monitoring Chinnamani Prasannakumar1,2*, Ganesh Manikantan3, J. Vijaylaxmi4, Balakrishnan Gunalan3,5, Seerangan Manokaran6, S. R. Pugazhvendan7,8 1Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Panaji, Goa-403004, India. 2Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecosphere, State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China. 3Centre of Advance studies in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu- 608502, India. 4Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403206, India. 5Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College, Virudhachalam, Tamil Nadu- 606001, India. 6Center for Environment & Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia. 7Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, Tamil Nadu- 604407, India. 8Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu- 608002, India. *Corresponding author’s email id: [email protected] Abstract Environmental DNA barcoding technology is gaining innovative applications. The effectiveness of current DNA barcode reference libraries in identifying amphipod barcodes and/or strengthening the existing library was tested. From 2500 amphipod individuals we barcoded 22 amphipod species belonging to 17 genera, 13 families among which 13 species were first time barcoded. More than 80 percent of the species were new distributional records.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Two Biodiversity Levels Inferred from DNA Barcoding Of
    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI A TALE OF TWO BIODIVERSITY LEVELS INFERRED FROM DNA BARCODING OF SELECTED NORTH ATLANTIC CRUSTACEANS DISSERTATION PRESENTED AS PARTIAL REQUIREMENT OF THE DOCTORATE OF BIOLOGY EXTENDED FROM UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL BY ADRIANA E. RADULOVICI MARCH 2012 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de cette thèse se fait dans le rèspect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522- Rév.01-2006). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'lnternE?t. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire.» UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À RIMOUSKI L'HISTOIRE DE DEUX NIVEAUX DE BIODIVERSITÉ DEMONTRÉE PAR LE CODE-BARRE D'ADN CHEZ LES CRUSTACÉS DE L'ATLANTIQUE DU NORD THÉ SE PRÉSENTÉE COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DU DOCTORAT EN BIOLOGIE EXTENSIONNÉ DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL PAR ADRIANA E.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Amphipoda of the Northeast Pacific
    Amphipoda of the Northeast Pacific (Equator to Aleutians, intertidal to abyss): XIV. Gammaroidea – an updated and expanded review Donald B. Cadien, LACSD 22Jul2004 (revised 1Mar2015) Preface The purpose of this review is to bring together information on all of the species reported to occur in the NEP fauna. It is not a straight path to the identification of your unknown animal. It is a resource guide to assist you in making the required identification in full knowledge of what the possibilities are. Never forget that there are other, as yet unreported species from the coverage area; some described, some new to science. The natural world is wonderfully diverse, and we have just scratched its surface. Introduction to the Gammaroidea The superfamily, while having both marine and freshwater members, is most prominent in epigean fresh-waters. Marine occurrences are coastal, with no superfamily members belonging to pelagic or deep-sea communities. There is a vast literature on the fresh-water members of the superfamily, particularly in European waters, where they have been studied for centuries. According to Bousfield (1982) they are a fairly recently derived group which appeared in the Tertiary. The superfamily contains a number of families not represented in the NEP, including the Acanthogammaridae, Caspicolidae, Macrohectopidae, Micruropidae, Pachyschesidae, and the Typhlogammaridae. These families are most prominent in Indo- European fresh-water habitats. The Gammaridae is poorly represented in the NEP, with only one widely distributed arctic-boreal form, and two species introduced from the Atlantic. One additional member of the family has been introduced to the waters of the saline relict Salton Sea, now landlocked in southern California (J.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Science for Enhanced Global Environmental Protection
    PROGRAMME BOOK Open Science for Enhanced Global Environmental Protection 3–7 May 2020 Online Meeti ng Invitation for Nominations Nominations open online until 31 December 2021 www.psipw.org e-mail: [email protected] PSIPW 10th Ad A4_Final.indd 1 19/01/2020 11:48 AM Meeting Supporters 2 Welcome Message 3 Programme Committe 4 About SETAC 7 SETAC Europe Partners 8 SETAC Global Partners 9 Award Winners 10 Find Your Way 12 Networking 13 Tracks and Sessions 15 Daily Schedule Sunday 21 Monday 23 Tuesday 25 Wednesday 31 Thursday 35 On-Demand Programme 37 Exhibitors 95 Participants Index 104 Author Index 114 Policies 135 TABLE OF CONTENTS SETAC Europe 30th Annual Meeting - SETAC SciCon 1 Thank You To our meeting supporters for their generous contribution! Platinum Gold Bronze 2 twitter.com/SETAC_World #SETACSciCon WELCOME MESSAGE The famous “luck of the Irish” – has it deserted SETAC? As Chairs of the Scientific and Local Organising Committee a large audience can often prevent us from being really for the SETAC Europe 30th Annual Meeting, we are writing in the moment, with speakers frequently having no this welcome note in the strangest of times – knowing recollection of what we said or the questions we were that we will be welcoming you to our virtual meeting in asked immediately following a presentation. Thus, the light of the rapidly evolving Covid-19 pandemic, instead of virtual presentation, especially where sessions are pre- Dublin as planned. The health and wellbeing of the SETAC recorded, provides us with opportunities for self-reflection Europe community is paramount, and thus the science and refinement of our approaches and our responses to communication and networking activities will happen audience questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Salinity an Obstacle for Biological Invasions?
    Received: 9 November 2017 | Accepted: 22 December 2017 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14049 PRIMARY RESEARCH ARTICLE Is salinity an obstacle for biological invasions? Filipa Paiva1,2 | Andrea Barco1 | Yiyong Chen3,4 | Alireza Mirzajani5 | Farrah T. Chan6 | Velda Lauringson7 | Miguel Baltazar-Soares1,8 | Aibin Zhan3,4 | Sarah A. Bailey6 | Jamileh Javidpour1 | Elizabeta Briski1 1GEOMAR, Helmholtz-Zentrum fur€ Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany Abstract 2MARE – Marine and Environmental Invasions of freshwater habitats by marine and brackish species have become Sciences Centre, Quinta do Lorde Marina, more frequent in recent years with many of those species originating from the Canicßal, Portugal 3Research Center for Eco-Environmental Ponto-Caspian region. Populations of Ponto-Caspian species have successfully Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, established in the North and Baltic Seas and their adjoining rivers, as well as in Beijing, China the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River region. To determine if Ponto-Caspian taxa 4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China more readily acclimatize to and colonize diverse salinity habitats than taxa from 5Inland Water Aquaculture Research other regions, we conducted laboratory experiments on 22 populations of eight Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education gammarid species native to the Ponto-Caspian, Northern European and Great and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lakes–St. Lawrence River regions. In addition, we conducted a literature search to Bandar Anzali, Iran survey salinity ranges of these species worldwide. Finally, to explore evolutionary 6Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans relationships among examined species and their populations, we sequenced the Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from individuals used for 7Estonian Marine Institute, University of our experiments.
    [Show full text]
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The
    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Richard A. Seidel Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Director Dr. David J. Berg Reader Dr. Brian Keane Reader Dr. Nancy G. Solomon Reader Dr. Bruce A. Steinly Jr. Graduate School Representative Dr. A. John Bailer ABSTRACT CONSERVATION BIOLOGY OF THE GAMMARUS PECOS SPECIES COMPLEX: ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS ACROSS AQUATIC HABITATS IN AN ARID ECOSYSTEM by Richard A. Seidel This dissertation consists of three chapters, each of which addresses a topic in one of three related categories of research as required by the Ph.D. program in ecology as directed through the Department of Zoology at Miami University. Chapter 1, Phylogeographic analysis reveals multiple cryptic species of amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in Chihuahuan Desert springs, investigates how biodiversity conservation and the identification of conservation units among invertebrates are complicated by low levels of morphological difference, particularly among aquatic taxa. Accordingly, biodiversity is often underestimated in communities of aquatic invertebrates, as revealed by high genetic divergence between cryptic species. I analyzed PCR-amplified portions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and 16S rRNA gene for amphipods in the Gammarus pecos species complex endemic to springs in the Chihuahuan Desert of southeast New Mexico and west Texas. My analyses uncover the presence of seven separate species in this complex, of which only three nominal taxa are formally described. The distribution of these species is highly correlated with geography, with many present only in one spring or one spatially-restricted cluster of springs, indicating that each species likely merits protection under the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Gammarus Spp. in Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Water Quality Assessment: Toward Integrated Multilevel Tests
    Gammarus spp. in Aquatic Ecotoxicology and Water Quality Assessment: Toward Integrated Multilevel Tests Petra Y. Kunz, Cornelia Kienle, and Almut Gerhardt Contents 1 Introduction ................................. 2 2 Culturing of Gammarids ............................ 5 3 Gammarids in Lethality Testing ......................... 7 3.1 Pesticides, Metals, and Surfactants ..................... 7 3.2 Extracted, Fractionated Sediments ..................... 8 3.3 Coastal Sediment Toxicity ......................... 8 4 Feeding Activity ............................... 10 4.1 Time–Response Feeding Assays ...................... 10 4.2 Food Choice Experiments ......................... 16 4.3 Leaf-Mass Feeding Assays Linked to Food Consumption ........... 17 4.4 Modeling of Feeding Activity and Rate ................... 19 4.5 Post-exposure Feeding Depression Assay .................. 20 4.6 Effects of Parasites on Gammarid Feeding Ecology ............. 21 5Behavior................................... 22 5.1 Antipredator Behavior .......................... 22 5.2 Multispecies Freshwater BiomonitorR (MFB) ................ 27 5.3 A Sublethal Pollution Bioassay with Pleopod Beat Frequency and Swimming Endurance ........................... 29 5.4 Behavior in Combination with Other Endpoints ............... 29 6 Mode-of-Action Studies and Biomarkers .................... 31 6.1 Bioenergetic Responses, Excretion Rate and Respiration Rate ......... 32 6.2 Population Experiments, and Development and Reproduction Modeling .... 41 6.3 Endpoints and Biomarkers for
    [Show full text]