Sports Medicine Handbook the NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION P.O
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® 2011-12 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook THE NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION P.O. Box 6222 Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-6222 317/917-6222 NCAA.org Twenty-second Edition July 2011 Compiled By: David Klossner, Director of Student-Athlete Affairs. Distributed to head athletic trainers. Available online at NCAA.org/health-safety. Note: Revisions to the guidelines contained in the NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook may be made on a yearly basis. Between printings of the handbook, revisions will be published on NCAA.org. It is important that persons using this handbook be aware of any such revisions. The NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports suggests that such revi- sions be recorded in the handbook, thereby keeping this publication current. New guidelines and major revisions have been highlighted with orange shading. NCAA, NCAA logo and NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION are registered marks of the Association and use in any manner is prohibited unless prior approval is obtained from the Association. Member institutions and conferences may reproduce information in this publica- tion for their own use, provided the NCAA copyright is included on the material. Also found on the NCAA website at the following address: NCAA.org/health-safety. Copyright, 2011, by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Printed in the United States of America. 1 PREFACE The health and safety principle of the ics program. In some instances, letic health care team that is consistent National Collegiate Athletic accompanying best practices, and ref- with sound principles of sports medi- Association’s constitution provides that erences to sports medicine or legal cine care. These recommendations pro- it is the responsibility of each member resource materials are provided for fur- vide guidance for an institution’s athlet- institution to protect the health of, ther guidance. These recommendations ics administrators and sports medicine and provide a safe environment for, are not intended to establish a legal staff in protecting student-athletes’ each of its participating student-ath- standard of care that must be strictly health and safety, but do not establish letes. To provide guidance in accom- adhered to by member institutions. In any rigid requirements that must be plishing this objective and to assist other words, these guidelines are not followed in all cases. member schools in developing a safe mandates that an institution is required intercollegiate athletics program, the to follow to avoid legal liability or dis- This handbook is produced annually, NCAA Committee on Competitive ciplinary sanctions by the NCAA. sent to head athletic trainers, and made Safeguards and Medical Aspects of However, an institution has a legal duty available online to directors of athletics, Sports creates a Sports Medicine to use reasonable care in conducting its senior woman administrators, faculty Handbook. The committee has agreed intercollegiate athletics program, and athletics representatives, athletic train- to formulate guidelines for sports med- guidelines may constitute some evi- ers, team physicians, Life Skills coordi- icine care and protection of student- dence of the legal standard of care. nators, and student-athlete advisory athletes’ health and safety for topics committees at each member institution, relevant to intercollegiate athletics, These general guidelines are not and conference commissioners. Please applicable to a large population of stu- intended to supersede the exercise of view the NCAA Sports Medicine dent-athletes, and not accessible in medical judgment in specific Handbook as a tool to help your institu- another easily obtainable source. situations by a member institution’s tion develop its sports medicine admin- sports medicine staff. In all instances, istrative policies. Such policies should This handbook consists of guidelines determination of the appropriate care reflect a commitment to protecting your for each institution to consider in and treatment of student-athletes must student-athletes’ health and well-being developing sports medicine policies be based on the clinical judgment of as well as an awareness of the guide- appropriate for its intercollegiate athlet- the institution’s team physician or ath- lines set forth in this handbook. 2 2 011-12 Sports Medicine Guidelines Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Administrative Issues a. Sports Medicine Administration ........................................................................................................ 6 b. Medical Evaluations, Immunizations and Records ........................................................................... 8 c. Emergency Care and Coverage .......................................................................................................... 11 d. Lightning Safety ................................................................................................................................. 13 e. Catastrophic Incident in Athletics ...................................................................................................... 16 f. Dispensing Prescription Medication .................................................................................................. 18 g. Nontherapeutic Drugs ........................................................................................................................ 20 h. NCAA Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Education Guidelines ................................................... 21 i. Preseason Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 23 2. Medical Issues a. Medical Disqualification of the Student-Athlete .............................................................................. 28 b. Cold Stress and Cold Exposure ......................................................................................................... 29 c. Prevention of Heat Illness .................................................................................................................. 33 d. Weight Loss—Dehydration ................................................................................................................ 37 e. Assessment of Body Composition .................................................................................................... 38 f. Nutrition and Athletic Performance ................................................................................................... 43 g. Dietary Supplements .......................................................................................................................... 47 h. “Burners” (Brachial Plexus Injuries) ................................................................................................. 50 i. Concussion or Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Athlete .............................................................. 53 j. Skin Infections in Athletics ................................................................................................................ 59 k. Menstrual-Cycle Dysfunction ............................................................................................................ 66 l. Blood-Borne Pathogens and Intercollegiate Athletics ...................................................................... 68 m. The Use of Local Anesthetics in College Athletics .......................................................................... 74 n. The Use of Injectable Corticosteroids in Sports Injuries ................................................................. 75 o. Depression: Interventions for Intercollegiate Athletics .................................................................... 77 p. Participation by the Student-Athlete with Impairment ..................................................................... 82 q. Pregnancy in the Student-Athlete ...................................................................................................... 84 r. The Student-Athlete with Sickle Cell Trait ....................................................................................... 86 3. Equipment a. Protective Equipment ......................................................................................................................... 90 b. Eye Safety in Sports ........................................................................................................................... 96 c. Mouthguards ....................................................................................................................................... 98 d. Use of the Head as a Weapon in Football and Other Contact Sports .............................................. 100 e. Guidelines for Helmet Fitting and Removal in Athletics ................................................................. 101 f. Use of Trampoline and Minitramp .................................................................................................... 104 Appendixes a. Banned-Drug Classes ......................................................................................................................... 108 b. NCAA Legislation Involving Health and Safety Issues ................................................................... 109 c. NCAA Injury Surveillance Program Summary ...............................................................................