Species of Fungi and Bacteria Associated with the Genus Bambusa: a Review

IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 5, May 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com Species of Fungi and Bacteria Associated With the Genus Bambusa: A Review

1 1* 2 Apolonia Zamora-ChacónP ,P María De Jesús Martínez-HernándezP ,P Vianey del Rocío Torres-PelayoP ,P Ana Lid del 3 4 Angel PérezP AndP Jacel Adame-GarcíaP

1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México 2 Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México 3 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, México 4 Instituto tecnológico de Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, México *Author for correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract (Thapa et al., 2018). This is mainly because is a multipurpose plant; Although main application is The great economic, ecological and social in the construction industry, is also used in other importance of the bamboo around the world, has industries such as textiles, paper, medicines, the created the need to design strategies to reproduce arts, design, food, beverages, bioenergy and even quickly and economically reliably. An alternative in the aero-space industry (Akinlabi et al., 2017; to stimulate the growth and development of Echezuría, 2018; W. Liu et al., 2018). bamboo plants is, through beneficial In this sense, some different sciences areas are microorganisms; Therefore, the objective of this investigating and using all facets of bamboo, since research was to review scientific compilation on all parts of the plant can be harvested and used the relation between the beneficial (Thapa et al., 2018); This situation has caused an microorganisms from the soil and the bamboo. A increase in the annual demands of bamboo making wide variety of fungi and bacteria which favor the it a plant of scientific and economic importance growth and development of bamboo was found, worldwide (Akinlabi et al., 2017). mainly of genus Glomus and genera Azotobacter, From an environmental point of view, bamboo has Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Likewise, is evident multiple ecological functions, including avoiding that there are species of fungi and bacteria erosion, helping to conserve water and capturing associated with genus Bambusa, with the potential carbon dioxide in the soil (Maoyi and Banik, to be inoculated looking beneficial effects for 1995). In addition, bamboo represents one of the bamboo. In addition, there is opportunity to largest renewable natural resources, because grow continue with research in areas of identification of rapidly (García-Ramírez et al., 2011) and its fungal and bacteria species associated with production is considered sustainable, contributing bamboo in America, mainly in countries with in this way to achievement of several of productive potential like Mexico. Sustainable Development Goals of UN; mainly Keywords: Bamboo, Microorganism, those related to poverty reduction, use of Rhizosphere, Sustainable. renewable energy, combating climate change and land degradation (Echezuría et al., 2018) Soil microorganisms are essential to maintain soil 1. Introduction fertility and plant growth, so they play an important role in the availability and cycle of Bamboo is classified within subfamily nutrients (Chang and Chiu, 2015). Mainly Bambusoidae (Family Poaceae or Graminea) and rhizospheric microorganisms, such as the is one of the most numerous and diverse grasses arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and the with around 90 genera and 1500 species (G. Wang bacteria cataloged as plant growth promoters et al., 2010), being Asia, main center of origin, (BPCV), have synergistic effects, which potentiate but with a wide distribution worldwide (DZ Li, growth and plants development (Cabrera et al., 1998). 2018). Martínez and Dussán, 2018, Nath and Bamboo is a plant species that has been an Meena, 2018). These plant-microorganism integral part of the social and economic life of interrelationships also occur with bamboo (Z. S. many Asian countries and now also worldwide Yuan et al., 2018).

IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 5, May 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com In this sense, is important to get information about and taxonomic diversity despite the decrease in species of fungi and bacteria which interact with plant diversity. According to Huang et al., (2014) the bamboo and in turn identify which of these and Chang et al., (2016) the increase in microbial have potential to be used as an inoculum to biomass is related to the increasing rise in sea enhance plant development and growth in order to level of the plantations of Moso bamboo. Same improve the production of bamboo. Therefore, the effect described by M. Liu et al., (2017), in objective of the present bibliographic review was plantations of Phyllostachys praecox (Bamboo to determine beneficial microorganisms (AMF Lei) with an intensive management (organic and BPCV) from the soil, more common that fertilization) in China. relate to the different species of bamboo. Xiao et al., (2017) conducted a study to explore the microbial spatial patterns of six soils in Moso 2. Microorganisms and their relationship bamboo forests in southern China, the results with bamboo. revealed much more high network connectivity in the fungal network than in the bacterium. In this Different studies have shown the beneficial effects sense, the biomass of the AMF associated to the about symbiotic association between plant species bamboo presents significant changes according to and microorganisms like AMF and BPCV the management that is given to the forest, since, (Simard et al., 2003). These microbial if this is intensive, the biomass is reduced (Qin, communities related with root system play Chen, et al., 2017), while which increases when important role in availability of nutrients and the forest expands naturally (Qin, Niu, et al., water absorption, through root hairs, promoting 2017). the development and plants growth (Kapoor et al., 2008; Sayeed Akhtar and Siddiqui, 2008). 2.1 Bacteria associated with bamboo. In general, in this exchange from the carbon assimilated by plants, AMF improve the supply In several Asian countries, the interaction between plant nutrients (mainly N and P), increase the bacteria and bamboo has been reported; for resistance of roots to infections caused by example, Q. Li et al., (2018) found in Moso pathogens, increase the plants tolerance to toxins bamboo plantations in Zhejiang Province, China; present in plants and, the soil, also reduce stress a microbial composition at the phylum level caused by environmental factors (Cano, 2011, formed mainly by Proteobacteria (38.6%), Neuenkamp et al., 2018). Acidobacteria (23.4%), Actino bacteria (8.3%) Bacteria could be like a biological control agent, and Verrucomicrobia (7.6%) and the dominant able to protect plants from infections, caused by genera were Acidibacter (3.6%), Cydatus phytopathogens and stimulate growth through Nitrosotalea (2.6%), Acidothermus (2.6%), mechanisms such as the synthesis of regulatory Rhizomicrobium (2.3%) and Sphingomonas substances of plant development, nitrogen fixation (2.2%). In the same province China, Y. Li et al., and nutrient solubilization (Rosas et al., 2009; (2018), report associations between Moso bamboo Siddiqui and Shaukat, 2003). and autotrophic bacteria (Rhizobiales and Xanthomonadales). For their part, Lin, et al., On the other hand, bamboo also affects soil (2017), found Acidobacteria and α-Proteobacteria microorganisms. In this sense, several works (Rhizobiales and Rhodospirillales) associated with carried out on the Phyllostachys edulis species Moso bamboo in Japan. (Moso bamboo), in natural forests and cedar On the other hand, Ngo et al., (2014), isolated plantations, both in China and Japan, showed that from the soil of a bamboo field in Seoul, Republic the invasion of this species causes a negative of Korea, a new species for which they propose effect on the microbial biomass and its diversity the name Pedobacter seoulensis sp. Nov. (Cai et al., 2018; Chang and Chiu, 2015; Q. Li et Likewise Won et al., (2015), finding the presence al., 2016; X. Wang et al., 2016). According to of a new bacterium of the genus Pedobacter, with this, Chang et al. (2018) mention that a smaller the name of Pedobacter Bambusae sp. Nov. While biomass occurs in the natural forest, although the et al., (2015), analyzed endophytic bacteria related microbial community is less physiologically to Moso bamboo, finding that the main strains of stressed in the soils of bamboo and cedar endophytic bacteria of the roots were Bacillus and plantations. Burkholderia, where the strains of alkaloids and On the contrary, Xu et al., (2014) observed that staphylococci were dominant in the rhizomes. the invasion of bamboo influenced the structure of Likewise, Han et al., (2009) found in the soil community, increasing the microbial biomass rhizosphere, the rhizoplane and root tissues of 31

IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 5, May 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 www.ijiset.com Moso bamboo, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, In addition, is evident that there are species of where the most common genus was Bacillus and both AMF and BPCV that can be inoculated in Burkholderia. Similarly, Sachin and Misra, (2009) bamboo, looking beneficial effects to improve suggest that Azotobacter chroococcum is their performance. However, information about its beneficial for bamboo (Bambusa bamboo), since direct effects in the field is not enough. In this they improve growth and induce IAA production sense, there is a very broad opportunity niche to and phosphorus solubilization. continue with a line of research in areas of identification methodologies of microorganisms 2.2 Fungi associated with bamboo. related to bamboo, among others. It is worth mentioning that most of the research Actually, exist just a few studies about AMF related to the identification of AMF and BPCV species associated with bamboo. In this sense, species related to bamboo has been carried out in Sharma and Rajak, (2010), found antagonistic Asian countries, so is necessary to carry out interactions between the rhizosphere and AMF studies in America, in countries with productive associated with Dendrocalamus strictus, finding potential of bamboo, as in Mexico. relationships between AMF like Cantharellus tropicalis, Aspergillus sp. and Curvularia sp. Likewise, Zhang et al., (2018) report two fungi Acknowledgments identified as Talaromyces aurantiacus and Aspergillus neoniger, in the rhizosphere of Moso To Science and Technology National Council bamboo in China. (CONACYT) and Agricultural Sciences Postgrad, In addition, Hazarika, (2015) found that four University of Veracruz. bamboo species (Bambusa tulda Roxb., B. nutans Wall ex Munro, Bambusa pallida Munro and B. Balcooa Roxb) are associated with five genera of References AMF (Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Sclerocystis and an unidentified species) in five Acosta-Suárez, M., Alvarado-Capó, Y., Cruz- different communities in India. Martín, M., Leiva-Mora, M., Roque, B., While Acosta-Suárez et al., (2011) identified Sánchez-García, C., y Freire-Seijo, M. thirteen genera of fungi (Aspergillus, Hongos filamentosos asociados a Botryotrichum, Cephalosporium, Cladosporium, plantaciones de Bambusa vulgaris var. Cunningamella, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, vulgaris Schrader ex Wendly. Penicillum, Pythium, Pyrenochaeta, Rizotocnia, Biotecnología Vegetal, 11(4). (2011). Trichocladium and Trichoderma), associated with Akinlabi, E. T., Anane-Fenin, K., y Akwada, D. various species of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris R. Applications of Bamboo BT - varvulgaris, Bambusa vulgaris varvittata, Bamboo: The Multipurpose Plant. In E. Dendrocalamus asper, Guadua angustifolia and T. Akinlabi, K. Anane-Fenin, y D. R. Bambusa longispiculata) grown in Cuba. Akwada (Eds.) (pp. 179–219). Cham: On the other hand, Ravikumar et al., (1997) Springer International Publishing.(2017). inoculated bamboo seedlings (Dendrocalamus Cabrera, E. V. R., Bonilla, B., y Aguilar, M. strictus Nees) with three species of AMF (Glomus Interacciones entre Plantas y Bacterias aggregatum, G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae); Promotoras de Crecimiento Vegetal. finding a significant increase in the rate of growth REVISTA CITECSA, 10(15), 23–31. and biomass production in all relationships. (2018). Cai, X., Lin, Z., Penttinen, P., Li, Y., Li, Y., Luo, Y., Fu, W. Effects of conversion from a 3. Conclusions natural evergreen broadleaf forest to a Soil microorganisms related to bamboo are varied Moso bamboo plantation on the soil and similar in number to other species of nutrient pools, microbial biomass and economic value. Within the diversity of species of enzyme activities in a subtropical area. AMF and BPCV associated with bamboo, was Forest Ecology and Management, observed in the studies analyzed that AMF 422(February), 161–171. (2018). colonize in greater numbers than BPCV, mainly Cano, M. A. Interacción de microorganismos the genus Glomus and genera Azotobacter, benéficos en plantas: micorrizas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus, respectively. Trichoderma spp. y Pseudomonas spp. Una revisión. Revista UDCA Actualidad

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