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Existent Circumstances and Potential of Coastal Tourism in West Bengal and the Role of Government

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Existent Circumstances and Potential of Coastal Tourism in West Bengal and the Role of Government JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 06, ISSUE 06, 2019 EXISTENT CIRCUMSTANCES AND POTENTIAL OF COASTAL TOURISM IN WEST BENGAL AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT Sanjib Sardar Research Scholar, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] Dr. Debasish Das Research Guide, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract Travel plays a major role in relieving the fatigue of daily life and refreshing the mind. Thousands of tourist destinations have sprung up around the earth based on the daily desires of people who are eager for travel. Over time, efforts are being made to establish tourist destinations as one of the sources of income, and it is from this mindset that tourism has evolved into an industry. West Bengal is a state of natural beauty. The arrival of tourists in West Bengal since ancient times is still remembered in history. At present, the tourism industry has become one of the major sources of income in West Bengal. The long beaches, the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal, the livelihood of the fishermen, dunes, the diverse life of the aborigines, various islands, and the unique beauty of mangrove forests perpetuate the beauty of the coastal region of West Bengal which intensifies the desire of all kinds of people to travel. The West Bengal having an extensive varies of coastal areas with an extent of 350 Kilometers alongside the Bay of Bengal Comprising the District of East Midnapore and South 24 Parganas. The Coastal belt of West Bengal supplies stunning seashores of Digha, Shankarpur, Mandarmoni, Junput, Bakkhali, Frazerganj, Sagardwip, Jambudwip, and so on. The present article analyzes the existent circumstances of coastal tourism in West Bengal as well as its prospects. This article seeks to explain why coastal tourism in West Bengal has not improved as expected despite its huge potentials for improvement through analytical and descriptive methods. The barriers to the development of coastal tourism have been discussed and finally, the steps that can be taken to develop the tourism industry have been analyzed. Key Words: Coastal, Tourism, Potentialities, Environment, Development, Introduction Tourism is now days identified as an enterprise that generates social and financial benefits. It has extreme potential for each financial improvement and employment generation. Coastal tourism is a very famous natural vacation destination and is viewed as the quickest developing enterprise in the world. This is in general due to the truth that 20% of the earth’s surface includes coastlines and greater than 70% of the world’s mega-cities are placed in coastal areas. Hence it affords unique combinations of sources which are a mixture of land and sea activities, making these areas greater appealing to travelers.1 India, with various socio-economic and spiritual structure, has attracted human beings from all over the world vacationer enterprise in India is based normally on historical and non-secular places, wildlife, mountaineering, trekking, and to a confined extent seashores. The Indian tourism industry has now not made an awful lot of headway despite the reality that there are several locations the place tourism can be developed on comparable strains to that of different developed countries.2 Tourism over the years cropped up to be a revolutionizing phenomenon and it is emerging as a catalyst of the improvement method due to monetary and employment era as properly as generates a variety of socio-economic benefits, in particular in the faraway and backward areas at the regional, national as well as international levels. So, tourism is now identified as an emerging and fast-developing enterprise everywhere in the world as properly as in India and West Bengal also. But the indiscriminate enlargement of the tourism enterprise has resulted in some ecological and cultural damages to the host country. The coastal stretch of West Bengal with a length of 350 km contains two districts- East Midnapore and South 24 Paraganas. This vicinity is a transitional sector amid sea and land the place the Casuarinas and mangrove woodland are whispering, the sea is roaring, the 2751 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 06, ISSUE 06, 2019 flora and fauna are blooming, and the place site visitors can rejuvenate themselves in the employer of the sand, sea, and solar in the pristine open-air which has saved her doorways huge open to mounted the eco-tourism destination. Objectives The main objectives of this article are as follows To discover the fundamental characteristics of the coastal tourist destinations of West Bengal Identify the potential of development in this field of the tourism industry Analyze the obstacles in the development of tourism To verify the environmental problems in the development of tourism To analyze the activities that can be taken in the field of tourism development Database and Methodology The entire work is based on primary as well as secondary data and information. Primary data have been collected from interactions with tourists, tourist operators, local people, hotel owners, etc. Secondary necessary information has been collected from relevant journals, books, published and unpublished research reports, and web resources. The whole effort has been done by descriptive as well as analytical methods. Maps, tables, and diagram have been used to present the collected information in a relevant way. Study Area At present, there are 23 districts in West Bengal, lays between 21°30' North to 27°10' North latitude and 85°50' East to 89°53' East longitude, with an area of around 88,752 km2. The seaside stretch of West Bengal reaches out from the mouth of the stream Subarnarekha on the West (State border of Odisha) to the mouth of waterway Hanribhanga on the east (International border of Bangladesh) between 21° 37' North to 21°40' North latitude and 87°30' East to 89°30' East longitude, with a length, around 350 km comprises of the two district East Midnapore and South 24 Paraganas.3 The extensive coastline of West Bengal close by the Bay of Bengal is overwhelmed by utilizing the Ganges Delta which involves around 60% of this coastline. Physiographically, the entire shoreline is mainly divided into three significant zones viz., a) From the mouth of Harinbhanga stream to the mouth of Hooghly waterway, viewed as the Sundarban Delta (Eastern sector) b) Saline tidal regime of the Hooghly waterway, extending up to Haldia Port (Central Sector) and c) Digha-Junput seaside plain close by the ocean (Western Sector). Nonetheless, the territories for the escalated seaside travel industry in West Bengal ought to be uniquely isolated into two essential zones, for example, – I. Digha-Shankarpur territory in Purba Medinipur (Destination - Digha, Tajpur, Mandarmoni, Shankarpur, Junput, Gopalpur, and so forth, and ii. Sundarban reign in South 24 Parganas (Destination - Bakkhali, Frazerganj, Sagardwip, Haribhanga Island, Henrys Island, Jambudwip, Kolas Island, and so on.4 Figure 1: Location Map of the Study Area Source: Google Earth & compiled by authors 2752 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 06, ISSUE 06, 2019 This place is a transitional area between lands and sea, where the mangrove forest is whispering, the sea is roaring, the plant life and fauna are blooming, and the place traffic can rejuvenate themselves in the corporation of the sand, sea, and solar in the pristine open air. Each section of the coastal area of West Bengal is nothing brief of the fantastic view carrying an inexperienced blanket the coastal vicinity appears like an emerald of West Bengal. In the coastal area of West Bengal, there are sorts of trees, shrubs, herbs, and medicinal plants, etc. which are developing a colorful spectrum of bio-diversity. Except these, many endangered plants and faunas are additionally the chief supply of vacationer attraction, and, although, eco-tourism is nature-based tourism so it can be stated that prosperous vegetation and fauna additionally make a way to ripen eco-tourism enterprise in the West Bengal coastal region. But all the West Bengal coastal region environments grant a special aggregate of assets and constraints (like beaches, dunes, wetlands, cyclone, sea stage rise, extra prone erosion through fluvial-marine processes, and anthropogenic activities, etc) which might also be regarded to discover the possibilities for the improvement of eco-tourism which is one of the assuring fine administration of the coast.5 Potentialities of Coastal Tourism in West Bengal & Government Initiatives In West Bengal, there are many renowned coastal tourism destinations, however, West Bengal coastal tourism started in the 1980s. In the year, 1980, Digha, Bakkhali, Frazerganj had been developed as famous coastal tourism spots, and the Sundarban region used to be developed as a famous eco-tourism spot after 1987 when The Sundarban was once listed beneath UNESCO World Heritage Site.6 Gangasagar Island used to be developed as a coastal tourism spot based on Hindu faith and cultural history. For the improvement of tourism, a Master Plan for the whole State is being organized in phases that encompass the coastal areas of Sundarbans, Digha, and Shankarpur. Potential funding tasks for tourism-related ventures in the coastal sector will cowl the introduction of infrastructure to help offerings and sub-products to be developed for the purpose. Towards this end, the Government of West Bengal has already initiated steps in the structure of the advent of new traveler lodging at Jharkhali, Frazerganj, Sagar Island, etc., and up-gradation of existing lodging facilities at Sajnekhali and Bakkhali Tourist Lodge in the Sundarbans. A separate funding format has been made for creating Diamond Harbour, Harwood Point, and Namkhana as get-away locations at a price of Rs.50 crore.7 There are many reasons for the development of the tourism industry in West Bengal in the coastal areas of West Bengal.
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