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Introduction 1. Khien Theeravit, 'The Relationship Between Thailand And Notes Introduction 1. Khien Theeravit, 'The Relationship between Thailand and China - problems and prospects', Bangkok Bank Monthly Review, Vol. 19, No. 12, December 1978, p. 566. 2. Khien Theeravit, 'Nayobai lae kon1ayut khong satharanarat prachachon jin to thai (The People's Republic of China's Policies and Tactics towards Thailand)', in Jin leap sangkhom 10k (Communist China and World Society), (Bangkok, Social Science Association of Thailand Press, 1976), p. 178. See also, Khien Theeravit, 'Khosangket kieokap nayobai tangprathet khong thai (Notes on Thai Foreign Policy)" The Social Science Review (Bangkok), Vol. 13, No. I, January-March 1975. 3. Suebsaeng Promboon, 'Thai kap satharanarat prachachon jin: wikhro naeo nayobai tangprathet (Thailand and the PRC: A Foreign Policy Analysis)" The Journal of Social Sciences (Bangkok), Vol. XI, No.4, October 1974. p. 9. 4. Narumitr Sods uk, Samphanthaphap thang kanthut rawang thai leap satharanarat p rachachon jin (Diplomatic Relations between Thailand and the People's Republic of China), (Bangkok, Thai Wattanapanich Press, 1981), p. 30. 5. Thani Sukkasem, Sino-Thai Relations: An Analysis of Thai Policy Towards China, 1949-1972, M.PoI.Sc. thesis [in Thai), (Thammasat University, Bangkok, 1973), pp. 307-310. 6. Department of International Relations, Chulalongkorn University, China in Thai Perspective, Asian Studies Monograph No. 027, April 1980, p. 15. 7. Kullada Kesboonchoo, 'Patterns of Thai Diplomacy: A Historical Study', The Journal of Social Sciences (Bangkok), Vol. X, No.4, October 1973, pp. 43-46. See also E. W. Hutchinson, Adventurers in Siam in the Seventeenth Century (London, The Royal Asiatic Society, 1940), Chapters II, m, and IV, pp. 19-91. 8. D. O. E. Hall, A History of South-East Asia (London, The Macmillan Press, 1981), pp. 388-392. See also Hutchinson, Adventurers in Siam, Chapters V and VII, pp. 92-112 and 155-178. 9. See E. W. Hutchinson, 1688 Revolution in Siam (Hong Kong, Hong Kong University Press, 1968). 10. David K. Wyatt, Thailand: A Short History (New Haven, Yale Uni­ versity Press, 1984), pp. 117-118. 11. M. L. Manich Jumsai, History of Anglo-Thai Relations (Bangkok, Chalermnit, 1970), p. 50. 158 Notes to pp. 6-9 159 12. James C. Ingram, Economic Change in Thailand, 1850-1970 (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1971), p. 35. 13. Wyatt. Thailand, p. 185. 14. Ibid., p. 203. 15. Chandran Jeshurun, The Contest for Siam 1889-1902: A Study in Diplomatic Rivalry (Kuala Lumpur, Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 1977), p. 57. 16. Ibid., pp. 32-33. 17. Kamol Somvichian, The Thai Military in Politics: An Analytical Study, Ph.D. thesis (University of London, 1969), pp. 28-39. 18. See Prayoon Phamonmontri, Chiwit 5 phaendin /chong khaphachao (My Life through Five Reigns), (Bangkok, Bannakit. 1975); also Pridi Phanomyong (sic), 'Some Stories Concerning the Formation of the People's Party and Democracy', in Thak Chaloemtiarana (ed.), Thai Politics: 1932-1957, Vol. I Extracts and Documents (Bangkok, Social Science Association of Thailand Press, 1978), pp. 51-70. 19. Nicholas Tarling, 'King Prajadhipok and the Apple Cart: British Atti­ tudes towards the 1932 Revolution', The Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok), Vol. 64, pt. 2, July 1976, p. 9. 20. Sir Josiah Crosby, Siam: The Crossroads (London, Hallis Carter, 1945), p. 63. 2l. Chatri Ritharom, The Making of the Thai-U.S. Military Alliance and the SEATO Treaty of 1954: A Study in Thai Decision-Making, Ph.D. thesis, (Claremont, 1976), p. 100. 22. Chamvit Kasetsiri, 'The First Phi bun Government and Its Involvement in World War II', The Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok), Vol. 62, pt. 2, July 1974, p. 38. 23. This term has been variously translated as 'Statism', 'State Creed', and 'Cultural Mandate'. 24. Thamsook Numnonda, 'Pibulsongkram's Thai Nation-Building Pro­ gramme during the Japanese Military Presence, 1941-1945', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. IX, No.2, September 1978, p. 235. See also Likhit Dhiravegin, Nationalism and the State in Thailand, Monograph Series No. 8 (Bangkok, Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University, 1985), pp. 1-10. 25. Thamsook, 'Pibulsongkram's Thai Nation-Building Programme', p. 235; and Charnvit, 'The First Phibun Government', pp. 37-42. 26. John Coast, Some Aspects of Siamese Politics (New York, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1953), p. 15. For Luang Vichitr Vadhakarn's own work, see Sayam kap suwannaphum (Siam and the Land of Gold), (Bangkok, 1933). 27. Direk Jayanama, Thai kap songkhram 10k khrang thi song (Thai­ land and the Second World War), (Bangkok, Prae Pittaya, 1967), pp.42-43. 28. Edward Thadeus Flood, Japan's Relations with Thailand: 1928-41, Ph.D. thesis (University of Washington, 1967), pp. 236-238. 160 Notes to pp. 10--15 29. Apichart Chinwanno, Thailand's Search for Protection: The Making of the Alliance with the United States, 1947-1954, D.Phil. thesis (University of Oxford, 1985), p. 50. 30. Direk, Thai /alp songkhram 10k, p. 63. 31. Edward Thadeus Flood, 'The 1940 Franco-Thai Border Dispute and Phibuun Sonkhraam's Conunitment to Japan', Journal of Southeast Asian History, Vol. X, No.2, September 1969, pp. 321-322. 32. Charnvit, 'The First Phibun Government', p. 46. 33. James V. Martin, Jr., 'Thai-American Relations in World War II', Journal ofAsian Studies, Vol. XXII, No.4, August 1963, pp. 453-454. See also Songsri Foran, Thai-British-American Relations during World War II and the Immediate Postwar Period, 1940--1946, Paper No. 10 (Bangkok, Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University, 1981), pp. 9-12. 34. Apichart, Thailand's Search for Protection, p. 52. 35. William L. Swan, 'Thai-Japanese Relations at the Start of the Pacific War: New Insight into a Controversial Period', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. XVIII, No.2, September 1987, p. 273. 36. Direk, Thai /alp songkhram 10k, pp. 107-116. 37. See Flood, Japan's Relations with Thailand (Chapters 12, 13 and 14), pp. 456-595. 38. Ibid., pp. 567-569. 39. Ian Nish, Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942 (London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977), p. 244. 40. Flood, Japan's Relations with Thailand, pp. 614-618. 41. Direk, Thai /alp songkhram 10k, pp. 176-180. It is probable that the Americans continued to be suspicious of the Thai government because of their knowledge, learned through intercepted and decoded Japanese messages between Bangkok and Tokyo - as part of the MAGIC operation, of what Thai leaders were saying to the Japanese. 42. Swan, 'Thai-Japanese Relations', pp. 275-277. 43. Ibid., pp. 278-279. See also Konthi Supamongkol, Kan withesobai khong thai (Thailand's Diplomacy), (Bangkok, Thammasat University Press, 1984), p. 41. 44. Ibid., pp. 279-281. 45. Direk, Thai /alp songkhram 10k, pp. 194-197. 46. Swan, 'Thai-Japanese Relations', p. 283. 47. Wiwat Mungkandi, 'Ready Resiliency: A Hobson's Choice in Thai Diplomacy', The Journal of Social Sciences (Bangkok), Vol. XIII, No.1, January 1976, pp. 51-52. 48. Charnvit, 'The First Phibun Government', pp. 58-60. 49. Netr Khemayothin, Ngan taidin khong phan-ek yothi (The Under­ ground Work of Colonel Yothi), (Bangkok, Kasembannakit, 1967), p. 1. 50. J. B. Haseman, The Thai Resistance Movement during the Second World War, Center for Southeast Asian Studies Special Report No. 17 Notes to pp. 15-19 161 (Northern lllinois University, 1978), p. 60. 51. See Netr Kbemayothin, Chiwit naiphon (Life of a General), (Bangkok, Kasembannakit. 1967), pp. 277-341. 52. See Thawee Bunyaket. Political Memoirs, in Jayanta Kumar Ray (ed.), Portraits of Thai Politics (New Delhi, Orient Longman, 1972), p. 81; Netr, Ngan taidin, pp. 38-39; and Haseman, The Thai Resistance Movement, p. 68. 53. See La-iad Pibul Songgram. Political Memoirs, in Ray (ed.), Portraits of Thai Politics, p. 205; and Netr, Ngan taidin, p. 40. 54. Nicholas Tarling, 'Atonement Before Absolution: British Policy Towards Thailand During World War II', The Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok), Vol. 66, pt. 1, January 1978, pp. 22-23. 55. Official Report Fifth Series, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), the House of Commons 1945-46, Vol. 413, 1-24 August 1945 (London, HMSO, 1945), p. 299. 56. Nicholas Tarling, 'Rice and Reconciliation: The AnglcrThai Peace Negotiations of 1945', The Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok), Vol. 66, pt. 2, July 1978, p. 66. 57. Netr, Chiwit naiphon, pp. 647-712. 58. Songsri, Thai-British-American Relations, Chapter V, pp. 181-220. 59. Direk, Thai leap songkhram 10k, pp. 593-643. 60. It was a 'resumption' because the Pibul government had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union on 12 March 1941 after brief negotiations conducted by Prayoon Phamonmontri in Moscow between 21-28 February. The exchange of diplomatic representatives, however, was deferred because of the war situation in Europe. See Royal Gazette, Vol. 58, p. 694, 27 May 1941 (B.E.2484); and Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Library and Archives Division (henceforth cited as TMFA, L&A), File 2.3.113 Memorandum on the question of Thailand's diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, 30 April 1941; and File 2.3.512 Memorandum on the exchange of diplomatic representatives with the Soviet Union, 19 April 1948. 61. Wyatt. Thailand, p. 263. 62. Nigel J. Brailey, Thailand and the Fall of Singapore: A Frustrated Asian Revolution (Boulder, Westview Press, 1986), p. 119. 63. Sucbin Tantikun, Ratthaprahan phoso 2490 (The Coup d'Etat of 2490), (Bangkok, Social Science Association of Thailand Press, 1972), pp. 74-75; and Thak (ed.), Thai Politics, p. 503. 64. Sucbin, Ratthaprahan, p. 123. 65. Apichart, Thailand's Search for Protection, p. 122. 66. Crosby, Siam: The Crossroads, p. 122. 67. Likbit Dhiravegin, 'Thailand Foreign Policy Determination', The Jour­ nal of Social Sciences (Bangkok), Vol. XI, No.4, October 1974, p.48. 68. Wiwat. 'Ready Resiliency' , p. 45. 162 Notes to pp. 22-28 Chapter 1: Review of Sino-Thai Relations before 1949 1.
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