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SMA 1988.Pdf f Ç cM 51 /4-6:14,4 SOU TU MIDLA-NDS ARCHA-EOLOGV Gtoup The New4tettet oti the Councie 6ot Mitish AtchaeoZogy Regionae 9 (8ediotd4hite, Buchinghawhite, Notthampton4hite, Ox4otd4hite) NUMBER 18, 1988 CONTENTS Page. Biteey M. g Beagtie N. RCHM Excavation4 Index 3 5ediotd4hite 5 County Rearming Depattment 5 Man4head Atchaeoeogicae Society 18 Kennett V. H. Recent Wotk on Fititeenth-Centuty Memotiae4 24 Buckingham4hite 27 County Mu4eum 27 Ayeabuty Peat Ptoject 35 ehe44 Vateey AtchaeoZogicat. & Hi..stoticae Society 39 Mil-ton. Keyne4 AnchaeoZogy Unit 40 Notthampton4hite 47 Notthant's County Councie AtchaeoZogy Unit 47 Kennett V. H. Rituae & Rite: Eatey Angeo-Saxon Cemetetie4 Ln Notthant4 68 Ox6o1z.d4hite 72 Ox6ond AxchaeoZogicae Unit 72 89 &raptor/. Re4eatch PtojeCt Oxptd Univeuity AtchaeoZogicae Society 94 South-OxondAite AtchaeoZogicat. Gtoup 96 Depattment.o6 Mus.edm Setvicez (Oxon County Coancie) 104 Temp& S. Stteetz in Dotche4tetOk-Thame4 144 EDITOR: AndtaaTike CHAIRMAN: Tira Wen Buck4 County Mu4eUm Oxiond Atchaegoqicae Unit Chutch Stteet -46 Hythe Btidge Stteet, Ayeabuty, Bac. h4 HP20 20P Oxiotd, 0X1 2EP HON.SEC:Bob Zeepvat TREASURER:Catoe Andet4on Mitton Keyhez Atch.Unit ,Dept.o4 Mu4eum Setvica 16 Etica-Road, Stacey Vx6oAdAite County Bu4he4, Mil-ton Keyne4 MU661M MK12 6PA Feetchet'4 Howse Wood4tOck 0X7 ISN Ptinted by Centtae Ptinting Section, Buck's C.C. ISBN 0308-2061 EDITORIAL wikowxamketoa*Ilks0= Attempts to bring forward the publication date of South Midland Archaeology to an earlier date were again frustrated this year. Some contributions did arrive late - and just when we were almost ready to go to press, a postal strike in Aylesbury caused further delays. But we are earlier than last year so perhaps things are improving! Things have been busy in the region - as can,be seen by the many and varied contributions in this year's issue. In Group 9 itself a very successful conference was held at Cogges in April. The thanks of all there who attended are-due .tt, our former. secretary Tim Copeland and to our treasurer Carol Anderson fororganising the event - the 'first .conference in which we. had departed from Oxford.. Further to my plea in the last Editorial, an index to the first fifteen issues of the journal is being prepared by Trevor Reynolds. As always, please.publicise the journal as.widely as possible. Insist that all your friends.and colleagues buy copies as. well as your local libraries and museum: Finally, I would be grateful for your contributions for the 1989 issue- by.1 February 1989: Andrew Pike July 1988 (2) Mark Birley & Neil Beagrie RCHME Excavations Index Since 1978, the National Monuments Record of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England has been compiling an index of all Excavations that have taken place within the country, on a county by county basis. It has four principal aims: To compile a definitive list of all excavation in England. To indicate excavations for which reports have been publishecL To lotate the finds from each excavation. To locate-the original archive, dOcumentary and visual, from each act of excavation. The first two aims are fairly straightforward, nor are they an especially urgent concern, since the list can be added to indefinitely while publications do not simply disappear. It is the last two aims which are considered most important. It is a popular misconception, or perhaps even conceit, of modern archaeology that holds that old or amateur excavations are of limited value because their standards of recording fail to match those of today's professionals. In'fact many achieve a basic standard that can still be useful. Moreover, the archaeological record is no infinite resource, hence the concerns of the 1960's and 1970's about "Rescue Archaeology". Therefore it is necessary to conserve and exploit the efforts of earlier generations lest we allow not just the archaeological heritage to slip away, but also the heritage of archaeology itself. While the Royal Commission lacks facilities for the storage of finds, it can either act as a repository for excavation archives or can arrange for these to be copied onto micro-fiche and stored as part of the National Archaeological Record. The original archive could then be returned to the owner or to a museum of his or her choice, preferably that where the finds are to be stored. In this way valuable archaeological information need not be lost, but survives and is accessible for others to study in the future. Over the last year the index for.the counties of Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire and:Northamptonshire ilaa been compiled. To this end the Oountiea-mUseums, libraries and units have been searched for excavation archives and finds". The earliest archival material yet found is a plan and some notes by Dryden in his papers at Northampton Library, dated 1439, 'of the Foxcote Roman Villa in Buckinghamshire excavated by the Marquis of Chandos. The finds on the other'hand are distributed between the Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography, Buckinghamshire County MuieUm'in Aylesbury, while a.mosaic from the site is at Stowe School. This gives an idea not only of the disparate and dispersed fate of some excavations.anck their records, but also of -the accidental means by which a reccird survives. A better example of the latter can be found amongst the prolific work of ThomaalicKenny_Hughes.,..Wotidwardian professor of Geology at Cambridge in the-later nineteenth andearlier twentieth.centuries. Virtually all _his archaeological:notes apPear, to have been lost. However, his geological-field notebooks are preserved in the Sedgwick Museum of (3) Geology in Cambridge, and in one kept on the geology of Cambridgeshire and East Anglia survive some sketch plans and sections of four of the Rare Park Tumuli, including that on Allington Hill (Reports of Cambridge Antiquarian Society 36 1876, 26). There are, as well, some notes and a section of the Roman Lime (?) kiln and burials in the Fulbourn Station railway cutting discovered by J. Clark in 1874 (Camb. Antiq. Soc. Communications, 3, 1874, 313-5) and visited by Hughes on 5 March 1875. It is ironic that Hughes made provision for his geological notes in his will, bequeathing them to the Sedgwick Museum, but apparently none for his purely archaeological archive (unless someone reading this knows better, in which case The Royal Commission would be grateful for further information) Many who have excavated in Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire and Northants will by now have been contacted. Some have guaranteed themselves a peaceful future by responding positively to enquiries. The Royal Commission would be grateful if those who have not, do so, and also excavators who may not have known about the project to get in touch. The final result of the work will consist of some 370 excavation records for Cambridgeshire, 310 for Northamptonshire and 250 for Buckinghamshire. These will be stored on computer at the National Monuments Record in Fortress House, London along with records from other areas of the country (an estimated national total of c. 30,000 excavations). It can be consulted free of charge via a computer terminal and print-outs in the public library of the National Monuments Record in Fortress House or alternatively by postal enquiries to the archaeology section address given below. In addition a nrint-out of the Excavations Index for Buckinghamshire will be deposited with the Sites and Monuments Register in the County Museum Aylesbury and with the Milton Keynes Archaeology Unit; a print-out of the Excavations Index for Cambridgeshire with the Cambridgeshire Sites and Monuments Register,,and a print-out of the Excavations Index for Northamptonshire with the Northamptonshire Sites and Monuments Register and the County Archaeological Archive (Northampton Museum). Finally, it remains only to thank all the individuals and organisations who have co-operated freely and willingly, who have made the task much easier than it might otherwise have been. Anyone with further information about excavations (undertaken either by themselves or even their grandparents), or who requires further information on the Excavations Index or microfilming can get in touch at the address below: Archaeological.Section Tel: 01-.734-6010 National Monuments Record RCHME FOrtress House 23 Savile Row- London W1X lAB (4) 1P 41, B-EDFORDSHIRE 41, .P Bedforshire County Planning Dept., Conservation and Archaeology Section 111ervation, Survey and SMR IF Sites and Monuments Record Apart from routine accessioning, little development work has taken place on the Sites and Monuments Record, due to lack of staff resources. Aerial photographs Grant aid from BCH= enabled considerable updating of the aerial photographic information in the Record. The 'existing collection.has been brought up to date, including much. useful information for north and east Bedfordshire obtained from the National Monuments Record's Air Photography Unit and the Cambridge University Committee for Aerial Photography. The accessioning of a large number of photographs taken in 1984 and 1986 by Glenn Foard of Northamptonshire County Council and by Ken Field has also been completed. Of greatest interest havbeen.the discovery of many,new sites showing as cropmarks owbouldek-jclaY iight acroas Bedfordshire. Amongst these is a particular concentration in Dean & Shelton and Melchbourne.& Yielden parishes, where seVeral rowa of single enclosures, sometimes linked by trackways, have been recorded; these are all orientated south-west/north- east due to their alignment along the tops of ridges. New archaeological and historic landscape information has been plotted from the photographs on to A4 0.S. map extracts at a scale of 1:10000. Complete indexes of aerial photographs of Bedfordshire taken by CUCAP, NMR, Northamptonshire County Council and Ken Field have been cross-referenced with the S. Kempston slaughterhouse -- During the autumn of 1987 we were informed of the imminent Aemolition prior to redevelopment of a slaughter-house built early this century to the rear of 93 High Street, Kempston (a former butcher's shop).
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