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Chemosensory Systems in Predatory Mites: from Ecology to Genome

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  • Viruses 2015, 7, 306-319; Doi:10.3390/V7010306 OPEN ACCESS

    Viruses 2015, 7, 306-319; Doi:10.3390/V7010306 OPEN ACCESS

    Viruses 2015, 7, 306-319; doi:10.3390/v7010306 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses Review History and Current Status of Development and Use of Viral Insecticides in China Xiulian Sun Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-27-8719-8641; Fax: +86-27-8719-8072 Academic Editors: John Burand and Madoka Nakai Received: 1 December 2014 / Accepted: 14 January 2015 / Published: 20 January 2015 Abstract: The use of insect viruses as biological control agents started in the early 1960s in China. To date, more than 32 viruses have been used to control insect pests in agriculture, forestry, pastures, and domestic gardens in China. In 2014, 57 products from 11 viruses were authorized as commercial viral insecticides by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. Approximately 1600 tons of viral insecticidal formulations have been produced annually in recent years, accounting for about 0.2% of the total insecticide output of China. The development and use of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, Mamestra brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus, Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus, and Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus are discussed as case studies. Additionally, some baculoviruses have been genetically modified to improve their killing rate, infectivity, and ultraviolet resistance. In this context, the biosafety assessment of a genetically modified Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus is discussed. Keywords: viral insecticides; commercialization; genetic modification 1. Introduction Research on insect viruses in China started with the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus in the mid-1950s [1] and, to date, more than 200 insect virus isolates have been recorded in China.
  • Slow-Release Sachets of Neoseiulus Cucumeris Predatory Mites Reduce Intraguild Predation by Dalotia Coriaria in Greenhouse Biological Control Systems

    Slow-Release Sachets of Neoseiulus Cucumeris Predatory Mites Reduce Intraguild Predation by Dalotia Coriaria in Greenhouse Biological Control Systems

    Insects 2015, 6, 489-507; doi:10.3390/insects6020489 OPEN ACCESS insects ISSN 2075-4450 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects/ Article Slow-Release Sachets of Neoseiulus cucumeris Predatory Mites Reduce Intraguild Predation by Dalotia coriaria in Greenhouse Biological Control Systems Emily Pochubay 1, Joseph Tourtois 2, Jeanne Himmelein 3 and Matthew Grieshop 2,* 1 Michigan State University, 6686 S. Center Hwy, Traverse City, MI 49684, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Michigan State University, 205 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Michigan State University, 3299 Gull Road Floor 4, Nazareth, MI 49074, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-517-331-3725. Academic Editor: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson Received: 18 February 2015 / Accepted: 20 May 2015 / Published: 1 June 2015 Abstract: Intraguild predation of Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Phytoseiidae) by soil-dwelling predators, Dalotia coriaria Kraatz (Staphylinidae) may limit the utility of open rearing systems in greenhouse thrips management programs. We determined the rate of D. coriaria invasion of N. cucumeris breeder material presented in piles or sachets, bran piles (without mites), and sawdust piles. We also observed mite dispersal from breeder piles and sachets when D. coriaria were not present. Dalotia coriaria invaded breeder and bran piles at higher rates than sawdust piles and sachets. Furthermore, proportions of N. cucumeris in sachets were six- to eight-fold higher compared with breeder piles. When D. coriaria were absent, N. cucumeris dispersed from breeder piles and sachets for up to seven weeks.
  • Detecting Deep Divergence in Seventeen Populations of Tea Geometrid (Ectropis Obliqua Prout) in China by COI Mtdna and Cross-Breeding

    Detecting Deep Divergence in Seventeen Populations of Tea Geometrid (Ectropis Obliqua Prout) in China by COI Mtdna and Cross-Breeding

    Detecting Deep Divergence in Seventeen Populations of Tea Geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout) in China by COI mtDNA and Cross-Breeding Gui-Hua Zhang1., Zhi-Jun Yuan1., Chuan-Xi Zhang2, Kun-Shan Yin1, Mei-Jun Tang1, Hua-Wei Guo1, Jian-Yu Fu1*, Qiang Xiao1* 1 Key Laboratory of Tea Plants Biology and Resources Utilization of Agriculture Ministry, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China, 2 Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Abstract The tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a dominant chewing insect endemic in most tea- growing areas in China. Recently some E. obliqua populations have been found to be resistant to the nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV), a host-specific virus that has so far been found only in E. obliqua. Although the resistant populations are morphologically indistinguishable from susceptible populations, we conducted a nationwide collection and examined the genetic divergence in the COI region of the mtDNA in E. obliqua. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA in 17 populations revealed two divergent clades with genetic distance greater than 3.7% between clades and less than 0.7% within clades. Therefore, we suggest that E. obliqua falls into two distinct groups. Further inheritance analyses using reciprocal single-pair mating showed an abnormal F1 generation with an unbalanced sex ratio and the inability to produce fertile eggs (or any eggs) through F1 self-crossing. These data revealed a potential cryptic species complex with deep divergence and reproductive isolation within E. obliqua. Uneven distribution of the groups suggests a possible geographic effect on the divergence. Future investigations will be conducted to examine whether EoNPV selection or other factors prompted the evolution of resistance.
  • Biology and Behavior of the Mite Cheletomorpha Lepidopterorum (Shaw) (Prostigmata:Cheyletidae) and Its Role As a Predator of a Grain Mite Acarus Farris (Oud

    Biology and Behavior of the Mite Cheletomorpha Lepidopterorum (Shaw) (Prostigmata:Cheyletidae) and Its Role As a Predator of a Grain Mite Acarus Farris (Oud

    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JAMES ROGER ALLISONfor the DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Name (Degree) in ENTOMOLOGY presented on41a21712Ajd2W;) /2.'7/ (Major) (Date) Title: BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF THE MITECHELETOMORPHA LEPIDOPTERORUM (SHAW) (PROSTIGMATA:CHEYLETIDAE) AND ITS ROLE AS A PREDATOR OF A GRAIN MITEACARUS FARRIS (OUD. )(ASTIGIV&TIAaR. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: /7J //I G.- W. Krantz Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum (Shaw), a predaceous, prostig- matid mite, was studied under laboratory conditions of20° - 30° C and 80% - 90% R. H. to determine its effectiveness as apossible biological control agent of Acarus farris (Oud. ),a graminivorous mite which infests stored grains and grain products.Although Cheletophyes knowltoni Beer and Dailey had been synonymized with C. lepidopterorum, it was found that the latter couldbe differentiated from C. knowltoni on the basis of biological, morphological,and behavioral data obtained from four species "populations"(Kansas, Oregon, California, and World-Wide). A temperature range of 20° - 25° C and relative humidities of 80% - 90% created conditions ideally suited to the rearing 'of C. lepidopterorum.Egg survival under optimal temperature and humidity regimes exceeded75%. Mated females laid more eggs than unmatedfemales at optimal environmental conditions. Development time from egg to adult ranged from alow of 192 hours for a single male at 30° C, 90% R. H. ,to 420 hours for a male at 20° C, 90% R. H.The second nymphal stage sometimes was omitted in the male ontogeny. Mated females produced male and female progeny,while unmated females produced a higher percentage ofmales. Starved C. lepidopterorum females survivedlongest at 20° C, 80% R. H. -- 31.
  • Tyrophagus Putrescentiae As Causative Agent of Wet Bubble Disease in Agaricus Bisporus

    Tyrophagus Putrescentiae As Causative Agent of Wet Bubble Disease in Agaricus Bisporus

    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1172-1177 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 1172-1177 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.141 Tyrophagus putrescentiae as Causative Agent of Wet Bubble Disease in Agaricus bisporus Itisha*, Rachna Gulati, Manoj, Anita and Surjeet Singh Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar – 125004, Haryana, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT A study was conducted to assess the role of Tyrophagus putrescentiae in dispersal K e yw or ds of Mycogone perniciosa, a causative agent of wet bubble disease in Agaricus Agaricus bisporus, bisporus. T. putrescentiae started feeding as soon as they were released in M. perniciosa culture plates. A continuous significant increase in mite number was Mycogone perniciosa , recorded at each observation period with peak (150.50 mites) after 20 days which Tyrophagus was statistically comparable with 145.50 mites at 18 days. After 15 days, 10 T. putrescentiae , Wet bubble disease. putrescentiae pairs were released from M. perniciosa infected plates to A. bisporus culture plates under aseptic conditions. After 6 days, whitish mouldy growth was Article Info started appearing on A. bisporus culture which soon spread to whole culture plate Accepted: within 18 days. Mites were feeding and multiplying at this stage. The mite number 10 September 2017 significantly increased with increase in observation period on A. bisporus culture nd Available Online: plates till 22 day. At this stage peak in the population was recorded (177.25 10 October 2017 mites).
  • Compatibility Conflict: Is the Use of Biological Control Agents with Pesiticides a Viable Management Strategy?

    Compatibility Conflict: Is the Use of Biological Control Agents with Pesiticides a Viable Management Strategy?

    Cloyd _______________________________________________________________________________________ COMPATIBILITY CONFLICT: IS THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS WITH PESITICIDES A VIABLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY? Raymond CLOYD Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences 384 National Soybean Research Laboratory 1101 West Peabody Drive Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Biological control or the use of natural enemies is an alternative pest management strategy for dealing with arthropods. However, natural enemies may not always provide adequate con- trol of plant-feeding insects and mites in greenhouses. As a result, research has assessed the concept of using natural enemies in conjunction with pesticides and the potential compatibil- ity when both pest management strategies are implemented together. There are a variety of 546 factors that influence the ability of using natural enemies with pesticides, these include whether the natural enemy is a parasitoid or predator, natural enemy species, life stage sensitivity, rate of application, timing of application, and mode of action of a particular insecticide or miti- cide. Pesticides may impact natural enemies by affecting longevity (survival), host acceptance, sex ratio, reproduction (fecundity), foraging behavior, percent emergence, and development time. In our studies, we have found a number of pesticides to be compatible with the natural enemies of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri and fungus gnats, Bradysia spp. For ex- ample, we have demonstrated that foliar and drench applications of the insecticides novaluron and pyriproxyfen, and the fungicides fosetyl-Al and mefenoxam to be compatible with the predatory mite, Stratiolaelaps scimitus. We have also shown that the insecticides azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen are compatible with the citrus mealybug parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii.
  • The Effect of Controlling Temperature and Relative

    The Effect of Controlling Temperature and Relative

    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2017 The Effect of Controlling Temperature and Relative Humidity on Tyrophagus Putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) Infestations on Dry Cured Hams Treated in Food Grade Ingredient Infused Nets Jasmine Deneen Hendrix Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Hendrix, Jasmine Deneen, "The Effect of Controlling Temperature and Relative Humidity on Tyrophagus Putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) Infestations on Dry Cured Hams Treated in Food Grade Ingredient Infused Nets" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 4335. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/4335 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Template B v3.0 (beta): Created by J. Nail 06/2015 The effect of controlling temperature and relative humidity on Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) infestations on dry cured hams treated in food grade ingredient infused nets By TITLE PAGE Jasmine Deneen Hendrix A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Food Science in the Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2017 Copyright by COPYRIGHT PAGE Jasmine Deneen Hendrix 2017 The effect of controlling temperature and relative humidity on Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) infestations on dry cured hams treated in food grade ingredient infused nets By APPROVAL PAGE Jasmine Deneen Hendrix Approved: ____________________________________ M.