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Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with Comments on the Unusual Blue Coloration on the Abdomens of Females and Live Specimen Images for Three Other Congenerics

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Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with Comments on the Unusual Blue Coloration on the Abdomens of Females and Live Specimen Images for Three Other Congenerics Zootaxa 4459 (3): 551–564 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.3.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0F8B9138-8D58-4D03-BE91-45294DD963CD Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: A new species of Pedies Saussure (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with comments on the unusual blue coloration on the abdomens of females and live specimen images for three other congenerics RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ1,4,5, PAOLO FONTANA2,5 & DEREK A. WOLLER3,5 1Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Minnie Belle Heep Center, Room 412 Campus MS 2475, College Station, TX 77843-2475, U.S.A. 2Fondazione Edmund Mach—Centro Trasferimento Tecnologico Unità Protezione delle piante agroforestali e apicoltura, Via della Val, 2- Loc. Costa di Casalino, I-38057 Pergine Valsugana, Italy. 3USDA: APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST Phoenix Lab, 3645 E. Wier Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85040-2931, U.S.A. 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 5All authors contributed equally Abstract A new species of Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is described from Central Mexico: Pedies andreae sp. nov. Fon- tana, Mariño-Pérez, & Woller and is added to the 12 existing species. Taxonomic placement of this species is justified based on distinct morphology and comparisons with congeneric species are provided. Additionally, species in this genus are associated with higher elevations (1,700 to 3,700 masl) that possess larger fluctuations in temperatures. We observed that females of P. andreae sp. nov. exhibit blue coloration on their abdomens and we discuss the possible reasons for this peculiar pigmentation. Interestingly, we did not observe this coloration in males. Finally, images are provided for three live previously described species of Pedies. Key words: Acrididae, Melanoplinae, Pedies, blue coloration Introduction The Mexican grasshopper genus Pedies (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) was established by Saussure (1861) for the species P. virescens. The very same year Brunner von Wattenwyl (1861) described Platyphyma mexicanum and, in 1870, Walker described Calopterus mexicanus, which was subsequently synonymized with Platyphyma mexicanum by Kirby (1910). Later, after some nomenclatural changes, Platyphyma mexicanum was synonymized with P. virescens by Hebard (1932). Interestingly, the original specimens of both Platyphyma mexicanum and Calopterus mexicanus apparently came from the same material collected by Auguste Sallé, but, oddly enough, Walker (1870) did not acknowledge the existence of von Wattenwyl’s species at all (Braun, 2012 in Cigliano et al., 2018). Ronderos and Carbonell (1994) moved the South American Pedies andeanus Bruner to the new Dichroplini genus Orotettix. Then, Cigliano and Otte (2003) undertook a revision of the genus Pedies and described nine new species, all from the mountains of Central Mexico. They redefined the genus and moved Pedies variabilis to the new genus Akamasacris. Finally, two more Pedies species were recently described: P. cerropotosi Fontana and Buzzetti (2007) and P. monarca Buzzetti et al. (2010)), bringing the number up to 12 recognized species. Species of the genus Pedies are brachypterous melanoplines of small size, characterized by a dorsally flattened pronotal disk, median longitudinal carinae well-developed throughout and with a non-carinated lateral margin, but well-marked. Male cerci are slender and relatively long, and the phallic complex (especially the shape and size of the aedeagus) is extremely variable across species (Cigliano and Otte, 2003). After reviewing multiple specimens collected recently during orthoptera-collecting expeditions through central and southern Mexico (2010 and 2011), we herein describe a new species, Pedies andreae sp. nov. (Figs. 1–7). Accepted by M. Pocco: 16 Jun. 2018; published: 16 Aug. 2018 551 FIGURE 1. Live specimens of Pedies andreae sp. nov. from type habitat on 3-XII-2011: A. male; B. female; C. and D. Type habitat: grassland with forest patches in Mexico, Puebla, La Cañada, near Libres, [19.510436, -97.773011] (WGS84). 2820 masl. 3-XII-2011. Also, we provide live photographs of the new species (Fig. 1) (as well as three other Pedies species in Fig. 8) and comment on the blue coloration present on the abdomens of P. andreae females. Also provided are images of the type material of P. virescens deposited at the Museum d’histoire naturelle de Genève (MNHG) in Geneva, Switzerland (Fig. 9). Materials and methods Descriptive Taxonomy: All descriptions followed the terminology and style utilized by Gurney and Buxton (1968), Carbonell et al. (1980), Carbonell (2000), Otte (2007), and the synthesis of genitalia terminology found in Woller and Song (2017). Dissections and Measurements: All dissections and measurements were undertaken in the Song Laboratory of Insect Systematics and Evolution at Texas A&M University. Male genitalia were dissected from museum specimens (rehydrated by being dipped briefly into boiling water) and removed from the body using standard procedures (Hubbell, 1932) and the assistance of a Leica MZ16 microscope system. After taking photos, the intact dry genitalia were put into 0.65 ml vials containing a 10% KOH solution and placed into a boiling water bath for up 552 · Zootaxa 4459 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press MARIÑO-PÉREZ ET AL. to a half hour to clear away obstructing tissues. The specimens were then removed and further dissected as necessary for examination and imaging by fully separating the epiphallus and post-epiphallic lobe from the ectophallus and endophallus. All genitalia were then preserved in glycerin in genital vials pinned beneath the respective specimen. Anatomical measurements were made using a Reichert 570 Stereo Star Zoom (0.7x to 4.2x) microscope with a 50 micrometer lens inserted into the right eyepiece. “Entire body” measurements include the tip of the head to the tip of the abdomen. FIGURE 2. Pedies andreae sp. nov. holotype male: A. Habitus, left lateral view; B. Thorax, dorsal view. Photography: Photographs of live specimens and habitats (Figs. 1 and 8) were taken using a Nikon D70 digital camera with Sigma micro lens (105 mm) and a Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W70 in the field. Images of type specimens (Fig. 9) were obtained in situ at MNHG using a portable camera rig equipped with a Canon 60D camera with a 100mm lens. The P. andreae nov. sp. images in Figures 2–6 were taken in the Song Lab using a Visionary Digital imaging system equipped with a Canon EOS 6D DSLR camera combined with a 100mm/65mm lens (the latter often coupled with a 2x magnifier) to take multiple images at different focal lengths. The resulting files were converted from RAW to TIFF format using Adobe Lightroom (v.4.4), stacked into a single composite image using Zerene Stacker (v.1.04), and then Adobe Photoshop CS6 Extended was used to add a scale bar and adjust light levels, background coloration, and sharpness as needed. A NEW SPECIES OF PEDIES Zootaxa 4459 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press · 553 FIGURE 3. Pedies andreae sp. nov. holotype male: External genitalia: A. Left lateral view; B. Dorsal view; Internal genitalia (dry): C. Left lateral view; D. Dorsal view. Map: Both maps used in Figure 7 were retrieved from Google Maps (Google Maps, 2018) and the shapes indicating the species were added later using Microsoft PowerPoint 2016. Drawings: The drawings in Figure 10 are reprinted here from Cigliano and Otte (2003) with written permission from the authors and the journal. Type material: Type material is deposited in the Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico (CNIN-UNAM), the Texas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. (TAMUIC), and the Paolo Fontana Private Collection at Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto (TN), Italy (CPF). Results Description Subfamily Melanoplinae Scudder, 1897 Pedies Saussure,1861 urn:lsid:Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:53602 Pedies Saussure. 1861. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie 2(13):157 554 · Zootaxa 4459 (3) © 2018 Magnolia Press MARIÑO-PÉREZ ET AL. Pedies Rehn, J.A.G. 1909. Proc. U.S. Nation. Mus. 36(1661):109, 158 Pedies Kirby, W.F. 1910. A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae) 3(2):542 Pedies Hebard. 1917. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 69:253 Pedies Ronderos & Carbonell. 1994. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 53(1–4):88 Pedies Otte, D. 1995. Orthoptera Species File 4:404 Pedies Yin, X.-C., J. Shi & Z. Yin. 1996. Synonymic Catalogue of Grasshoppers and their Allies of the World (Orthoptera: Caelifera) 531 Pedies Cigliano & D. Otte. 2003. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 129(1):113 Pedies Fontana & Buzzetti. 2007. Atti Acc. Rov. Agiati 8 7(B):123 Pedies Fontana et al., 2008. Chapulines, Langostas, Grillos y Esperanzas de México: 179–180 Pedies Buzzetti F. M., Barrientos-Lozano L. & Fontana P., 2010. Boll. Soc. Entomol. ital., 142 (3): 101, 106, 110. Valid Pedies species (12) and type localities Pedies capotamius Cigliano & Otte, 2003. Mexico. Puebla. Paso de Cortés. Pedies cerropotosi Fontana & Buzzetti, 2007. Mexico. San Luis Potosí. Cerro Potosí. Pedies chicoensis Cigliano & Otte, 2003. Mexico. Hidalgo. El Chico National Park. Pedies comiamius Cigliano & Otte, 2003. Mexico. Mexico State. Nevado de Toluca. Pedies huacochaus Cigliano & Otte, 2003. Mexico. Veracruz. 5.4 mi SE Las Vigas. Pedies huarus Cigliano & Otte, 2003. Mexico. Mexico City. La Cima. Pedies malinchensis Cigliano & Otte,
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