2 / 3 This report was first presented at the 16th Informal ASEM Seminar on 16th Informal This report at the first presented was November Rights (8-10 with and Human Human Rights: Persons (ASEF); Foundation the Asia-Europe by Beijing, China), co-organised 2016, the Ministry Affairs, by of Foreign (nominated Institute Raoul Wallenberg France; Ministry Affairs Development, Sweden); of Foreign and International Department Affairs, Department of Foreign Federal , of Foreign the Ministry Affairs,Affairs, by of Foreign People’s and hosted Switzerland of China. Republic ASEM Seminar on Informal This report the agenda of 16th inspired by was November with Disabilities and Human Rights 8-10 Human Rights: Persons Shaping China) and the Arts Beijing, 2016: Forum & 2016, Singapore), 2016, March Enabling OpportunitiesPerspectives, (29-31 Council, National Arts the British co-organised by Singapore and Council, Foundation. Singapore International 2016 November (ASEF), Foundation All rights reserved© Asia-Europe culture360.asef.org from Download Culture and Disability: Culture and Disability: Practices in and Policies Asia and Europe Published by: (ASEF) Foundation Asia-Europe Terrace Mui Keng Heng 31 Singapore 119595 9700 +65 6874 T: 1135 F: +65 6872 www.asef.org Author PORTOLES BALTÀ Jordi Graphic Design (Singapore) fFurious Foundation at Asia-Europe Team (ASEF) Valentina Ratna MATHAI-LUKE, RICCARDI, Anupama SEKHAR 4 / 5 Awareness-raising and and Awareness-raising communication partnerships and Networks Research Conclusions Recommendations 4. Conclusions and Recommendations 48  3.3.7. 49 3.3.8.  52 3.3.9.  56 4.1. 58 4.2. Legislation Policies projects and Programmes Arts development Funding employment to Access and Training capacity-building Consultation and and Consultation in involvement decision-making CONTENTS 3. and Measures Policies on Arts Disability and in Partner of Countries Meeting the Asia-Europe (ASEM) 25 3.1. 29 3.2. 35 3.3. 36 3.3.1. 3.3.2. 42 3.3.3. 44 3.3.4. 46 3.3.6.  38 45 3.3.5. 

Policies on culture and and culture on Policies disability: challenges, and rationales objectives Context and methodology disability Defining in Disability and culture law international and regional Global disability on strategies and culture Final observations 07 2. on ArtsPolicies and Disability: Background Concepts and Key 17 2.4.  1. Introduction 1.1 08 1.2 11 2.1  13 2.2.  16 2.3.  21 2.5. ope. ASEF enhances dialogue, enables exchanges dialogue, enables exchanges ope. ASEF enhances ASEF’s contribution is with the financial supportASEF’s contribution is with the financial This document has been Union. of the European assistance of the with the financial produced of this document are The contents Union. European and can the sole responsibility of the researcher as reflecting be regarded under no circumstances co- ASEF or other Union, the position of the European organising institutions www.asef.org/ www.culture360.asef.org culture360.asef.org is a portal initiated by the culture360.asef.org is a portal by initiated the (ASEM) and managed by Meeting Asia-Europe Culture Department Foundation at the Asia-Europe the stimulate (ASEF). culture360.asef.org aims to and Asia and Europe cultural engagement between the two understanding between enhance greater artists, and fuelled by cultural for regions. Created culture360.asef. practitioners and policy makers, ideas, exchange inform, to platform org is your arts with the and collaborate and cultural interact As a reference Asia and Europe. communities across portal will dialogue, this exciting and a place for tool, to Asia and Europe cultural cooperation between take level. a whole new For more information, please visit more information, For ASEF is an intergovernmental not-for-profit organisation located in Singapore. Founded in 1997, it is the only it 1997, Founded in in Singapore. organisation located not-for-profit ASEF is an intergovernmental 750 partner with about has run more organisations ASEF (ASEM). Together Meeting institution of the Asia-Europe actively have 20,000 Asians and Europeans Over seminars and workshops. conferences, mainly than 700 projects, web-portals, publications, its networks, participated through in its activities and it has reached much wider audiences and lectures. exhibitions and encourages collaboration across the thematic areas of culture, economy, education, governance, public health education, governance, areas of culture, economy, the thematic across and encourages collaboration and sustainable development. The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) promotes understanding, strengthens relationships and facilitates cooperation cooperation understanding, and facilitates strengthens relationships (ASEF) promotes Foundation The Asia-Europe and Eur institutions and organisations of Asia among the people, COMMISSIONED BY: COMMISSIONED

4 / 5 6 / 7

, which will 2 Context 16th Informal ASEM Seminar ASEM Informal 16th but an increasingly rich one, of with an emerging wealth relevant practices. relevant This report produced has been and October September between of preparations context in the 2016, the for on Human Rights (Beijing, China, 2016) November 8-10 focus on the theme Persons with on the theme Persons focus Disabilities and Human Rights. The report commissioned by was (ASEF), Foundation the Asia-Europe with the aim of identifying trends culture as regards and examples countries and disability in the 51 that are part of the Asia-Europe (ASEM). Meeting 1

UN , Article 30 of which As this report will prove, many many As this report will prove, in legislation, policy, initiatives been have projects and programmes Asia and Europe, across adopted of types of addressing a variety in a wide disability and intervening range of areas. This remains a landscape, and unequal diverse Over the past few decades, the increasing expansion expansion increasing the decades, past the few Over arts in the and events and programmes of facilities, by has been accompanied countries many in culture challengesneeds, the to and attention increasing an policies Public groups. social specific of opportunities schemes aimed often involved programmes have and participation and enabling access at life in cultural or linguisticethnic people, childrenyoung and for with people including groups, other minorities and understandingdisabilities, on the groups these that particular face may difficulties in accessing culture. Measures in the field of culture and disability at local and national in the been adopted have level of the international context broader recognition of the rights of people the global with disabilities. At of the 2006 the adoption level, of Persons on the Rights Convention with Disabilities on participationfocuses in cultural in particular. should be noted life,

1.1. Many initiatives in in initiatives Many legislation, policy, programmes and been projects have across adopted Asia and Europe, addressing a of types variety of disability and intervening in a wide range of areas. This remains and a diverse unequal landscape, but an increasingly rich one, with an of emerging wealth practices relevant

Chapter 1: Chapter Introduction 8 / 9

4 The preparation of the reportThe preparation has desk research, involved primarily international of analysis an including international, legal standards; policy national and local regional, descriptions; documents; project reports; and research websites as resources, relevant other and in the described in footnotes E-mail bibliography. accompanying also provided correspondence has projects of relevant evidence and initiatives. this introduction, Following 2 of the reportChapter presents notions and key the background policies in the field of to relevant including culture and disability, and legal standards international definitions, global and regional rationales underpinning strategies, legislation and policy in this field concepts. relevant and other 3 addresses successively Chapter in legislation, policy, examples found and projects programmes the ASEM region, thus across and diverse presenting a very broad on spectrum of measures focusing active culture, access to universal participation activities, in creative training and capacity-building, cooperation international networks, among others. and research, of 4 presents a set Chapter Finally, conclusions and recommendations the report,emerging from aimed at relevant public authorities and other among the partnersstakeholders of ASEM.

Scope and and Scope Research has addressed both public both has addressed Research at policies and measures, adopted regional, national or sub-national departments by either in level charge of cultural policy or other bodies (e.g. ministries or relevant bodies addressing disability), and emerging within civil initiatives including those designed society, NGOs, informal by and implemented and other foundations groups, which actors or non-profit private in the field of artsare active and Of course, examples disability. public, of collaboration between have actors and non-profit private All these actors also been collected. play an important to role have making in contributing to part take in right to everyone’s effective. cultural life methodology

3 Given the time and resources and resources the time Given and the ever-increasing available, in this number of experiences field, the reportto aim does not mapping present a comprehensive nor to initiatives, of all existing across approaches compare ‘best countries or determine generally lies practice’. The focus aims and activities of on stated legislation, policies and existing with information programmes, about their actual results and only where presented effectiveness easily accessible. Insofar this was as possible, particular emphasis has been placed on those initiatives hold a deeper potential which may structural change in the lives for of people with disabilities and in organisations supporting them, or those with a demonstrative, nature which illustrative adopt to could inspire others similar measures. This report legislation, policies, on existing focuses programmes and projects in the field of culture and In ASEM. up make that countries the disability in this context, a definition of culturecomprising artstangible and intangible and as heritage well as the policies cultural by addressed issues typically other across the region has been adopted. The definition international existing by of disability is determined standards, section 2.1 in described as below. All art forms and cultural fields,as well as all types when account into taken been of disabilities, have A particularinformation. analysing the compiling and of areas reportrange of the aim diverse the show is to in which provide so as to be adopted, can measures stakeholdersto inspiration Europe across Asia and and beyond.

Europe and beyond across Asia and stakeholders inspiration to inspiration to so as to provide provide so as to can be adopted, can be adopted, which measures range of areas in show the diverse the diverse show of the report is to A particular aim 1.2.

8 / 9 10 / 11

iii World Report on World Yet WHO suggests Yet 9 (2011), disability disability (2011), Defining Defining It identifies which policy ii disability that rather than seeing the medical model and the social model as dichotomous, ‘disability should be viewed neither as purely medical nor as purely social… A balanced is needed, giving approach the to weight appropriate protecting rights. protecting gaps need addressing and which areas require in reinforcement is ‘complex, dynamic, dynamic, is ‘complex, multidimensional and contested’. Indeed, as highlighted by the by Indeed, as highlighted Health Organisation World (WHO) in its Disability different aspects of disability.’ In different aspects of disability.’ this respect, and in line with the definition in the aforementioned the World 2006 UN Convention, Report suggests on Disability the use of the International Functioning, Classification of Disability and Health (ICF), which ‘understands functioning and disability as a dynamic interaction health conditions and between personal both factors, contextual Disability is and environmental… impairments, for the umbrella term activity limitations and participation the to restrictions, referring aspects of the interaction negative an individual (with a health between By highlighting the significance By highlighting the the full barriers to of societal of human rights by enjoyment persons with disabilities, the 2006 shift a definite marks Convention approach ‘welfare’ previous the from – a ‘rights’ based approach to people with disabilities are not or ‘welfare groups’ ‘minority interest beneficiaries’ but are ‘holders’ of rights.

7 8 approach, approach,

relational Organisation and contested’ the World Health the World As highlighted by by As highlighted multidimensional The traditional approach that The traditional approach see disability as a to tended be ‘cured’ personal condition to (the so-called ‘medical model’) been replaced has progressively a more by the so-called ‘social model’, which which ‘holds that it is society disables people with impairments in which it is organised the way by and conventions the and by example, For priorities it displays. buildings are inaccessible many mobility, people with impaired to specific but this results from and traditions conventions in building design and is not of mobility a consequence per se. The social impairment that barriers model emphasises the full participationto of people in the with disabilities are located is organised, and it society way address and to challenges society dismantle these barriers.’ persons with impairments and persons with impairments attitudinal and environmental barriers that hinders their full and participationeffective ...”. (WHO) in its World (WHO) in its World (2011), disability is (2011), ‘complex, dynamic, dynamic, ‘complex, Report on Disability , which which 6 The CRPD 5 does not establish new establish new does not rights nor does it attempt a definition of provide to what ‘disability’ is. Instead the minimum down it lays that are required standards and protect ‘promote, to ensure the full and equal of all human enjoyment rights and fundamental all persons freedoms by with disabilities, and respect for promote to their inherent dignity’. 2.1. UN Convention on the Rights The UN Convention (CRPD) with Disabilities of Persons 2006 December on 13 adopted on 3 May force and which came into in Article2008, indicates 1 that persons with disabilities “include physical, long-term those who have or sensorymental, intellectual which in interaction impairments hinder barriers may with various participationtheir full and effective basis on an equal in society with others”. ‘persons with The terms disabilities’ and ‘people with disabilities’, which replaced progressively have usage a range of related in formal past (including used in the terms will ‘disabled persons’ and others), throughout be used interchangeably this report. definition’s The aforementioned ‘…impairments to reference barriers with various in interaction hinder … full and effective may participation points to in society…’ the contemporary understanding a of disability as resulting from It is also an of factors. variety that disability is acknowledgement concept. As the CRPD an evolving in its preamble “disability notes between the interaction results from

Chapter 2: Chapter

Background and Key Concepts and Key Background Policies on ArtsPolicies Disability: and 12 / 13 , not , not This to access to 16 ; monuments and to develop and develop to access to places for for places to access Enjoy cultural performances or services, such as , museums, cinemas, libraries services,and tourism and, as possible, enjoy as far access to cultural of national sites importance - only for their benefit, but also for their benefit, but also only for the enrichment of society; accordance in steps, of Adoption ensure to law, with international intellectual protecting that laws property rights do not constitute an unreasonable or discriminatory barrier persons with disabilities to by cultural materials; utilise their creative, artisticutilise their creative, potential and intellectual Adoption of appropriate appropriate of Adoption enable persons measures to the have with disabilities to opportunity

• •

take take

17 in international law international in Disability and culture Disability access to cultural cultural to access Enjoy in accessible materials formats;- access to television television to access Enjoy programmes, films, and other cultural activities, in accessible formats; Recognition of the right of Recognition persons to with disabilities part on an equal in cultural life basis with others; appropriate of Adoption ensure that persons measures to with disabilities: - - purpose builds on the recognition that human rights are universal, universal, are rights that human recognition the on builds purpose to is entitled and everyone interrelated and interdependent indivisible, so, In doing Convention. of the Preamble in the as highlighted them, a rights- to a welfare-based from moving to contributed Convention the the strengthening to and with disabilities, people for approach based and areas policy all relevant which requires of ‘mainstreaming’, notion as a relevant disability integrate to culture, including stakeholders, work. in their dimension UN Convention in The Rights Of Persons The Rights Of Persons in UN Convention With Disabilities Rights (UDHR) Human of Declaration Universal the of Article Both 27 and Social Economic, on Covenant and Article International the of 15 of participate right the in the cultural (ICESCR) provide Rights Cultural 2006 the above, persons. all to of the community As noted life is the Disabilities with of Persons Rights on the UN Convention of purpose the law, on disability in international document foremost enjoyment and equal full the ensure and protect promote, which is ‘to all persons with by freedoms rights and fundamental all human of dignity.’ inherent their for respect promote to and disabilities, Of particular in the field of interest culture is Article 30, which refers the participationto of people with disabilities in cultural life, recreation, leisure and sport. Article of set 30 establishes the following Parties States to commitments for the 2006 Convention: • •

2.2. The UN Convention on the Rights with of Persons Disabilities to contributed from a moving to welfare-based a rights-based approach for people with disabilities , 15

13 Indeed, the official Indeed, the official 14 . World Report on Disability World intellectual), WHO has argued that WHO has argued intellectual), be and needs may experiences with the people for different, even same impairment. ‘[negative] attitudes are a major ‘[negative] the education of obstacle to disabled children… In some cultures people with disabilities are seen as of divine punishment or as a form carriers of bad fortune.’ acknowledgement of disability and acknowledgement generate of the conditions that the adoption of it can lead to tackle it, as much as measures to negative prejudice and existing become may attitudes in society people with a major hindrance for in disabilities. As again indicated the The complex, dynamic notion of dynamic notion The complex, that it may disability also means vary of as a result of a number or conditions, including factors environmental to age, exposure status, risks, socio-economic and culture

Approaches Approaches 12 to disability should be able to disability should be able to to and policies recognise this diversity account into in this area should take in which disability ways the different In this respect, is experienced. distinguish whilst it is common to different types of disability mental, physical, (e.g. sensory, of policies and particularly societal action, the importance of impairments, for ‘an umbrella term activity limitations and participation restrictions’ also involves range recognising the diverse as as well of disability, of forms in which these ways the diverse people with by are experienced disabilities: ‘Each has his or her responses and personalpreferences disability… Also while disability to not with disadvantage, correlates all people with disability are equally disadvantaged.’ serves highlight to that disability is Understanding social environment social environment but is related to the to is related but individual feature individual feature exclusively an exclusively disability is not Stressing that Stressing condition) and that individual’s and that individual’s condition) (environmental factors contextual Stressing and personal factors).’ an exclusively is not that disability to but is related feature individual serves to the social environment highlight the importance of societal action, and particularly of policies, which in addressing the factors the experience to contribute of disability.

12 / 13 14 / 15

UN Special More specifically, More specifically, It is worth noting 26 25 24 when addressing the right to when addressing the right to freedom of artistic the expression, Special Rapporteur on Cultural of the particularRights has warned be suffered prejudice that may people with disabilities when by their perform or display wishing to artistic work. Other mechanisms importantOne final aspect as regards noted should be and culture to the references law. disability in international The aforementioned RapporteurRights on Cultural contributed has in recent years enhancing the understanding to practical of the meaning and rights. The of cultural implications Farida first holder of this post, people with to Shaheed, referred of her reports.disabilities in some contributions, In one of her earlier she identified the cultural rights of persons as one with disabilities of her priorities, further indicating address this issue that she would on the basis of Article 30 of the UN of on the Rights 2006 Convention with Disabilities, and in full Persons collaboration with the Committee with on the Rights of Persons Disabilities. that some ASEM members, such this to referred as Malta, have the UN as to as well statement when including 2006 Convention the cultural participation of people policy with disabilities in their own documents.

25 24 , again The Special The Special Rapporteur on Rights Cultural of has warned the particular that prejudice suffered be may people with by when disabilities performwishing to their or display artistic work others; among with disabilities practices, cultural recognise to that and knowledge expressions all sectors of inclusive broadly are people again including society, of the respect and to with disabilities; several of heritage cultural intangible including groups, disadvantaged to in order with disabilities, people lasting peace. to contribute Finally, some references can some references Finally, of the in the context be found of the 1972 implementation Heritage Convention World addressing sustainable in texts A policy document development. Parties in 2005 calls State adopted ensure that the conservation to and management of World Heritage properties is based on the recognition of cultural diversity, – which in and equity the improving practice requires opportunities and dignity of ability, reduce equity, promote all and to social and economic inequalities of all, and reduce exclusion disability of age, sex, irrespective among others. and ethnicity,

. Convention Some 23 is a reference to the to is a reference on the Protection and Promotion and Promotion on the Protection of Cultural of the Diversity Expressions into culture integrate need to policies at all levels, development access, universal ‘foster to in order participation in and enjoyment of of creation and production especially for cultural expressions, groups’. disadvantaged When the When Treaty Marrakesh force into came in September ASEM only 5 2016, partners had ratified it UNESCO Culture Conventions hand, while the major On the other in the field UNESCO Conventions to refer explicitly of culture do not or people with disabilities, explicit can be found implications implicit development. in its subsequent Among the Operational Guidelines the 2005 accompanying UNESCO Member States have have UNESCO Member States of policies and examples presented enhancing measures contributing to people with culture by access to disabilities when reporting on their of the Convention. implementation have Some of these examples been used in the preparation of this report. people to references Similarly, also been with disabilities have in the Operational integrated the 2003 complementing Directives the Safeguarding for Convention of Intangible Cultural Heritage these case, previous As in the with regard included are references State development. sustainable to Parties that ensure to called are plans and programmes safeguarding and of all sectors inclusive fully are persons including strata of society,

22

20 Adopted by Member by Adopted 19 . The Treaty also aims to also aims to The Treaty 21 As shall be seen later, many many As shall be seen later, copyright adopted countries have and limitations allowing exceptions to organisations not-for-profit accessible and distribute produce persons disabilities, with to works so far countries have but other do so – this being precisely to failed of the Marrakesh the purpose printed which applies to Treaty, works. States of the World Intellectual Intellectual the World of States Property in Organization (WIPO) is in Treaty the Marrakesh 2013, UN Convention’s line with the 2006 protecting that laws ensure call to property rights do not intellectual or an unreasonable constitute access discriminatory barrier to persons to with disabilities by Indeed, the UN cultural materials. Special Rapporteur on Cultural in her 2014 Rights indicated, can report, law that ‘copyright into the adaptation of works impede people with functional for formats holders disabilities when copyright in accessible publish works to fail such as , or allow formats, do so.’ to others facilitate the international transfer transfer the international facilitate of accessible, specially adapted books, such as Braille or large print. report the UN Special In her 2014 ratify to Rapporteur called States and ensure the inclusion the Treaty in their exceptions of adequate laws. copyright came into Treaty The Marrakesh 2016, on 30 September force by 20 its ratification following it should However, Member States. 5 that, at the time, only be noted ASEM partners had ratified it – India, Korea, , namely, Mongolia and Singapore. other documents in international in international documents other the field of disability address law the Among them is and culture. Facilitate to Treaty Marrakesh for Published Works to Access Blind, Visually Who Are Persons Otherwise or Impaired Print Disabled 18 sign Recognition and support, Recognition on with others, basis an equal cultural and of the specific identity of personslinguistic including with disabilities, culture. languages and deaf Further to the implications of the implications to Further some the 2006 UN Convention, Marrakesh Treaty on Treaty Marrakesh Published to Access with People for Works Visual Impairments • As of October 2016, 168 Parties have 168 2016, October As of including all ratified the Convention, Ireland), as ASEM countries (except Union. as the European well The set of items outlined above outlined above of items The set guarantee to the need both point to for cultural life to access equal persons with disabilities and actively fully, enable them to to Other participate in cultural life. elsewhere commitments enshrined including in the Convention, leisure, access to to those related should education and tourism, policies and measures also inform in the cultural field. adopted cultural life participate in to fully, actively actively fully, to to enable them to disabilities and persons with cultural life for for cultural life equal access to equal access to both to guarantee guarantee both to points to the need points to 2006 Convention 2006 Convention Article of the 30

14 / 15 16 / 17

by some. by Physical barriers, including Physical lack of public transport to activities, limited cultural attend accessibility of cultural facilities availability, (e.g. as per parking access, appropriate seating, accessibility of contents people with a visual or hearing to etc.). impairment, Economic barriers, which may be particularly significant in the case of people with disabilities claiming social benefits. Social barriers, including the ‘like of being treated perception being a second class citizen’ by entrances use separate made to as other buildings, as well to difficulties and psychological ‘being different’ to related fears and engaging in activities which suitable might be seen as not •  •  •  Even Even 33

disability: challenges, As the references presented above have shown, the shown, have above presented references As the increasing an paid has community international personsof rights the to disabilities with attention UN with the 2006 decades, Convention in recent which point, turning significant particularly a marking of strategiesnumber increasing an and to led has next the as While, local level. and national policies at programmes policies and several will sections prove, in adopted been also disability have and on culture – be found also can earlier references this context, policies in the public and grassroots work indeed, field of culture and disability existed have decades. several ASEM countries for in many challenges Key and obstacles this area to paid The attention and the resulting adoption of policies and measures results of the the acknowledgment from specific obstacles and challenges people with by experienced disabilities, coupled with the rights to recognition of their equal access and participate in cultural and the understanding that life expression can be forms of specific those experiencing by developed been studies have Several disability. identify the obstacles to conducted hindering cultural participation of people with disabilities. though these analyses have mainly though these analyses have been carried out at national level, the challenges identified can other apply to generally be seen to The main factors as well. societies hinder to been found that have access and participation in culture among people with disabilities are as follows: Policies on culture and on culture Policies objectives and rationales objectives Several studies Several been have to conducted theidentify obstacles culturalhindering participation withof people disabilities 2.4. As shall be seen later (section (section later As shall be seen some recommendations, 3.1), initiatives action plans and other other by been adopted have regional bodies, including the and the Council Union European of Europe. • , strategies on 32 , 31 Asian and Limited reference reference Limited 30 Global and regional regional and Global disability and culture disability Also underway is the ASEAN Also underway with Decade of Persons Disabilities (2011-2020) the Member by proclaimed of the Association of States (ASEAN) Asian Nations Southeast in Bali, , in 2011. At a conference held in Incheon, held in Incheon, a conference At and ministers in 2012, Korea, representatives governmental Asia and the Pacific, from the UN Economic by convened and Social Commission for (ESCAP), Asia and the Pacific launch the agreed to Persons Decade of Pacific with Disabilities (2013-2022) which replaces the Asian and Decade of Disabled Pacific The (2003-2012). Persons the “Make to Incheon Strategy with Persons for Right Real” Disabilities in Asia and the on the was also adopted Pacific occasion. is made of cultural aspects. informed have These initiatives some countries in Asia and such as , the Pacific, when drafting national their own on disability. strategies • and measures which address these aspects as well. additional few a regional level, At can be noted: references • In addition to international law, some international some international law, international to In addition people also addressed strategiespolicies and have and to access their occasionally and with disabilities, participation The most in recent years. culture, in hereafter. are presented significant references

While 29 establishes a set establishes a set

no direct relation is established disability and culture between a minor (cultural aspects playing within the SDGs), some of role aspects the aforementioned education, to (e.g. those referring public or access to employment cultural policies inform space) may Adopted by the UN General the UN by Adopted 2015, Assembly in September the our World: Transforming Sustainable 2030 Agenda for Development of global goals (the ‘Sustainable Goals’, SDGs) which Development will guide global development Whereas years. 15 over strategies the Millennium its predecessor, Goals (MDGs), Development aimed at in 2000, were adopted countries in the ‘Global South’, the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs new all countries inform are meant to on the understanding in the world, is a that sustainable development In addition, challenge everywhere. refer whilst the MDGs did not persons with disabilities, to explicitly in can be found references several the SDGs – including as regards education and access to equal for decent work training, achieving the social, promoting everyone, economic and political inclusion

of everyone and guaranteeing and guaranteeing of everyone and affordable safe, access to transport and inclusive systems green and public spaces. 2.3.

16 / 17 18 / 19

40 Janice Parker considers: Janice Parker cultural life. Several authors Several cultural life. argued that cultural have people by created expressions or which with disabilities, experiences of disability, reflect challenging existing to contribute and canons and hierarchies, mainstream broaden thus to on artisticperspectives interview, In a recent quality. British choreographer Specific aesthetics, Specific symbols and can narratives emerge when people with able are disabilities fully develop to their cultural and capacities creative The recognition that cultural people by developed expressions and with disabilities can be unique extraordinary (“create valuable that has a whole other movement spectrum and vocabulary in there”) the ‘disability to can be related which developed arts’ movement, countries since the in several ‘We have to ask the question, “Who ask the question, to have ‘We can dance and what can dance be?” of of a hierarchy a sense have We which at the top, form a normative legs! And arms and two has two it’s very dominant at the moment, turn can we in our culture. How put something to not that round, but of the hierarchy, at the bottom a spectrum? There’s all make to in there and different vocabularies dance needs them all. Disabled create that capacity to people have that movement extraordinary spectrum and has a whole other vocabulary in there.’ 39

Although each 38 , perspective cultural access to and participationaccess to contribute can life in cultural social objectives, desirable to individual health including individual and and wellbeing, social empowerment, collective strengthening cohesion, and the civic skills. of social capital and has been literature Extensive in recent decades devoted of the social significance to of participationimpacts the in arts activities, cultural and other specific the more as to as well cultural health benefits of participation. While it could be argued that in policies a social perspective addressing culture and disability in traditional welfare- also exists it should be based approaches, that increasingly understood and empowerment effective social inclusion of people with their being disabilities require in relevant involved actively as their decision-making as well e.g. life, in cultural role active or performers of as creators messages, on equal their own Finally, conditions with others. that measures it should be noted people accessibility for fostering with disabilities (e.g. large print, will oftenramps) be beneficial not people who would other for identify as such (e.g. elderly people, parents with prams, etc.) a range of often less – therefore, social benefits can derive explicit in measures adopted from this field. which recognises that specific symbols and aesthetics, can emerge when narratives people with disabilities are able their cultural fully develop to capacities – and and creative enriching to that this contributes artform or discipline may hold artform or discipline may there impacts, different potential suggest that most to is evidence of cultural participation,forms active involve as they insofar engagement and are conducted willingly and in full awareness, bring to hold the potential social results. about positive • The 37 36 , social perspective , which legal perspective including the recognition that refers to international, regional international, to refers or national legal documents the adoption as the basis for of policies and measures in the field of cultural disability. It is worth that legal noting in this field can be approaches libertiesbased either on positive part take in (e.g. the right to develop the right to cultural life, and utilise one’s creative, artistic potential) and intellectual or on non-discrimination principles (e.g. ensuring that does not property law intellectual against people with discriminate disabilities), but should ideally these account both into take Indeed, as in other perspectives. areas of human rights, including cultural rights, policies in the area of culture and disability and should respect, protect fulfil the rights of people with disabilities, and adopt a diverse accordingly. of measures range • The Effective Effective and empowerment inclusion social with of people require disabilities actively their being in relevant involved as decision-making their active as well role in cultural life, e.g. as creators or performers • The In this respect, a set of rationales In this respect, a set varying to inform, to be seen may the discourses degree and intensity, in the field of culture and disability, as described hereafter: into account when examining the examining account when into and programmes range of policies members ASEM in the by adopted (see and disability field of culture this report) 3 of chapter . Arguments and rationales While the analysis presented has addressed a range of above that are challenges and objectives to people with disabilities, specific that policies it should be noted and on culture and programmes in the disability often operate of cultural policies context broader and, as such, and programmes discourses and by are informed in other be valid rationales that may (e.g. areas of cultural policy as well culture and health, culture and social inclusion, cultural diversity, in line be be seen to This may etc.). with the recognition of the universal rights of people with disabilities, as objective aforementioned the as well people with of enabling access for mainstream policies, disabilities to and servicessystems – indeed, it that should increasingly be expected mainstream discourses in cultural policy and their translation into are inclusive specific programmes of everyone. it should be increasingly that expected mainstream discourses in cultural policy and their translation specific into programmes are inclusive of everyone

35 , e.g. ensure that , e.g. train staff in Increase public awareness and and awareness public Increase understanding of disability data disability Improve collection surveys include disability surveys for and allow as a variable data on people appropriate be collected, with disabilities to and that this is in line with standards. international supportand Strengthen research on disability Enable access to all to access Enable mainstream policies, systems and services, e.g. cultural and programmes. facilities programmes in specific Invest and services people with for disabilities, e.g. specific on culture programmes and disability. Adopt disability a national strategy and plan of action , with disabilities people Involve sure that people make namely, with disabilities are listened – engaged and actively to either individually or through organisations – representative when policies and programmes addressing them are involved. resource human Improve capacity different public services that with people with will interact disabilities, such as museum or library staff. funding adequate Provide affordability, i.e. and improve to sufficient resources provide enable people with disabilities access public servicesto at prices. affordable

8. 9. The general recommendations been taken have above presented 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. in all policy fields also exist. fields also in all policy Report on Disability World The 2011 of policy set following the identified which are recommendations, at all levels: relevant

34

recent identified a set identified a set Financial burden on persons Financial burden using personal assistants. as well as inadequate conditions as inadequate as well of specific cultural, artistic, sportsintellectual, and similar activities. Lack of participation in mainstream cultural, sports, and leisure activities, tourism Strict intellectual property rights Strict intellectual the resulting in hindrances to of accessible formats production of artistic goods and cultural etc.). (films, books, Insufficient or no accessibility or no accessibility Insufficient museums, theatres, objects to places sites, of culture, tourist and activities of cultural value, and information related to transport, etc. Information / awareness / awareness Information barriers the fact , including about information that existing does not cultural activities about details provide always with people accessibility for as the failure disabilities, as well in information disseminate to accessible formats. • • • • evaluation report the evaluation published by Council of Europe enable of remaining challenges to full participation of people with disabilities in cultural life: Whereas many of the policies and of the policies Whereas many governments by measures adopted which will organisations and other have chapter be outlined in the next addressing to arguably contributed importantsome of these obstacles, challenges remain. A •  The barriers and challenges should be borne in outlined above mind when conceiving policies and in the field of culture programmes further Likewise, and disability. the principles and objectives to law established in international recommendations valid standards, Relevant policy Relevant objectives

18 / 19 20 / 21 , an The 46 47 Final , which refers to to , which refers , poverty or any , poverty or any Agenda 21 for Culture for Agenda 21 Agenda 21 for culture was updated updated culture was for Agenda 21 with in 2015 and complemented practical guide entitled a new Actions Culture 21: and cultural facilities the need for everyone, be accessible to spaces to including people with disabilities, as commitments other as several well active access and promoting participation of disadvantaged in cultural life. groups access and participate in cultural life. include people with The need to disabilities in local cultural policies has been stressed and strategies the by international document adopted in document adopted international for guidance 2004 which provides local cultural policies concerned with sustainable development. Among its undertakings is a expression ‘promote commitment to as a basic dimension of human dignity and social inclusion without age, ethnic gender, prejudice by origin, disability kind of discrimination…’, other ‘guarantee one to and another that people with disabilities can cultural goods and services,enjoy cultural their access to facilitating services and activities’. observations 45 While the time and resources While the time and resources conducting this for available the focusing led to report have identification of legal and policy documents mainly at national (which remains indeed the level of most of the existing main focus policy), some on cultural literature of action at local level examples also been identified, which have increasing the prove serve to importance of cities and urban people with areas in providing disabilities with opportunities to Following the general framework of legislation and legislation of framework general the Following above, disability presented and policies on culture this final sub-section presents a set offinal remarks when analysing account which into be taken should area. and programmes in this specific policies The importance of cities and the local level the by The countries covered verypresent report different have constitutional arrangements, with often national (i.e. central, federal), and state), regional (i.e. provincial, governments town) local (i.e. city, holding varyingdegrees of in the areas of culture, competence fields. relevant disability and others that it should be noted However, very often the policies and practices enable that can more effectively and participationaccess to in or managed are initiated cultural life and regional governments, local by particularly in countries where these been provided tiers have of authority and with suitable competences is also in line with This resources. observationthe frequent that it is where the particularly at local level part is take in cultural life right to more often exercised. 2.5. Very oftenVery the policies and practices that can more effectively enable access to and participation in cultural life or are initiated local managed by and regional governments

43 Economic arguments 44 economic perspective: as in other areas of cultural as in other in the field initiatives policy, can of culture and disability with an also be conducted highlighting economic rationale, to contribution their potential or benefit. maximising income Zealand’s In this respect, New for Disability Issues Office that ‘[arts]has suggested not organisations can’t afford disabled people to market to because disabled people are a segment significant and growing of the population. One in six people has an impairment. Combine that with an ageing population and the knowledge age, with increases disability that of talking about a lot and we’re people.’ may tend to focus on people with focus to tend may disabilities as audiences, rather to contributors than as active While possibly less cultural life. perspectives visible than other or rationales in the area of these culture and disability, influential be arguments may in the design of and relevant now policies and programmes and in the future. • The and unique, seeking to develop his develop to seeking and unique, Un- means. Within or her expressive diversity perceives Label, everybody as an opportunity expressive of thus as an and innovation, pluralism opportunity evolve.’ to

41

, The recognition of 42 with disabilities involving people involving Disability arts has been 1970s. work genre of defined as ‘a specific and communicates that explores of disability’, experiences lived projects actively projects actively runs through runs message oftenmessage A deep political political A deep In this respect, disability arts, like of art, form ‘is seriously other any made work... creative intentioned with some sort of aesthetic keep to a hobby It is not purpose. And it is the cripples’ hands busy. therapy.’ not often runs through projects projects often runs through cultural expressions inspired by inspired by cultural expressions of disability can be the experience with the recognition of the linked as of cultural expressions diversity in cultural policy and an objective the understanding that cultural to dynamic, should be ecosystems challenging expressions open to Indeed, in recent and innovation. policies addressing culture years in some and disability have in broader countries been integrated cultural diversity, to approaches understanding that access for people with disabilities and the of cultural recognition of the value disability inspired by expressions with similar consistent were recognising towards approaches class-based or ethnic, and valuing In others. among gender diversity, this respect, it could also be argued that a deep political message people with involving actively disabilities. The EU-funded project disabilities. The EU-funded project for Grounds – New Un-Label Arts Performing Inclusive partnerswhich brings together countries, has European in four contributing to that, by indicated of performing artsthe development artists with involving productions and without disabilities, ‘the focus disabilities but on the on the is not Every individual is different diversity.

20 / 21 Chapter 3: Chapter Policies and Measures on ArtsPolicies and Disability in ASEM Countries and Disability in ASEM

50 49

Another significant issue addressed in projects in this area relates in this area relates significant issue addressed in projects Another Measures in a wide range of areas and addressing a diverse range Measures in a wide range of areas and addressing a diverse 46 51 although this general orientation may need to be adapted to the needs and the to be adapted need to although this general orientation may challenges identified in each specific context. and adapted needs diverse to Of course, the adoption of measures suited cultural participation for (e.g. theatres, different artforms and contexts to and squares, schools, cinemas, streets libraries, museums, heritage sites, as some authors have of resources, and demanding in terms is complex etc.) noted. to the tension between visualising or minimising the ‘otherness’ of people visualising or minimising the ‘otherness’ between the tension to artistwith disabilities, as Austrian Wölger has observed. Katrin of groups are presented in the next chapter. in the next are presented of groups Diversity within disability Diversity activity impairments, for disability is an umbrella term earlier, As noted limitations and participation a wide range restrictions, and comprises in this area and programmes Policies of conditions and circumstances. and ideally adopt specific account this diversity, into take should be able to that suggested Some authors have groups. different for cater measures to and children with disabilities, women particular should be paid to attention The ethical dimension The ethical people with disabilities involving work of human interaction, areas As in many serving principles, of ethical account a set into should take life in the cultural Of particular importanceinvolved. is everyone the respect for express to out do so to and programmes in projects involved the ability of everyone and implications of the meaning in full awareness of one’s free will and and the clear and accessible information of of participation. The provision part take on policies in decision-making with disabilities to people ability for in this respect – steps them become fundamental affecting and programmes us without us’. about slogan ‘Nothing oftenas embodied in the quoted disabilities with people with work of ethical implications A reflection on the or made explicit whether in culture and disability projects, is often found in a community 2013 and 2010 between conducted project A drama implicit. local with the with disabilities and in interaction people residential home for of principles (choice, respect, Finland, applied a set community in Roselea, of in the UK. In the words project a previous by inspired safety) equality, our critical to managers, was ‘[the] principle of choice one of the project for themselves this principle, people define and decide Under programme. do and to want what they process, use the creative to want they how how…’.

about us slogan ‘Nothing without us’ the often quoted as embodied in in this respect – fundamental steps them become affecting and programmes making on policies making on part in decision- disabilities to take take to disabilities for people with people with for and the ability and the ability information information accessible accessible of clear and of clear The provision The provision

22 / 23 24 / 25

55

52

establishes that Romania of (2008) includes a full chapter on cultural life In China, the Law In China, the Law on the Protection with of People Disabilities characteristics and needs of characteristics of persons with different categories disabilities’. Article 43 presents to be of specific tasks a set the government by accomplished reflect the including to and society, of persons with disabilities in the life supportmedia and to the writing and publication of books in Braille, similar audio books and other Other articlesmedia, among others. of assistance address the provision the engagement of people with for and the work disabilities in creative understanding of mutual promotion among persons with and exchanges citizens. fellow disabilities and their refers to the State’s commitment to commitment to the State’s to refers Legislation Constitution Portugal 54

of Similarly, the Similarly, 53 recognises the rights of persons recognises the rights using and Constitution Constitution Meanwhile, the Meanwhile, the provision including a national policy in the field of disability, implement of support social awareness- people with disabilities and their families, to disabilities are that the rights of people with raising and guarantees fulfilled. effectively Constitutions in the national people with disabilities can be found to References this is ASEM member countries. Occasionally, Constitutions of some community relations with the broader their to with references complemented and participation Of particular where is Finland, in cultural life. interest the Inclusion of culture in national legislation on disability adoption of the of the In the wake on the Rights UN 2006 Convention with Disabilities, in the of Persons countries several years last few on the laws new adopted have rights of persons with disabilities, which in some cases updated legislation. Often adapting previous international language from of these texts several standards, culture. In to include references on the Protection China, the Law with Disabilities (2008) of People on cultural includes a full chapter addressing issues such as the life, the equal protect duty to State’s right of persons with disabilities and participate in cultural life to public authorities’ commitment, to of government, at all levels encourage and assist persons with participate in disabilities so as to Article Furthermore, cultural life. cultural, the need for to 42 refers sports and recreational activities in public cultural be ‘integrated to the different and geared to life of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid owing to disability. to or translation aid owing of persons of interpretation in need the State shall develop a national policy of equal opportunities, a national policy of equal disability shall develop the State effectively enable people with disabilities to to and treatment prevention participate in community life.

3.1. In Finland, the Constitution recognises the rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid disability to owing

artists and professionals. society organisations and individual society national and local authorities to civil to national and local authorities presented hereafter, from regional, regional, from hereafter, presented and implementation of the measures and implementation stakeholders is involved in the design is involved stakeholders thematic structuring. A wide range of thematic structuring. A wide with additional subsections allowing allowing with additional subsections programmes and projects respectively, respectively, and projects programmes levels, addressing legislation, policy, and legislation, policy, addressing levels, has been arranged in three successive in three successive has been arranged illustrative evidence for each. Information each. Information for evidence illustrative may be adopted in this field, providing in this field, providing be adopted may present the wide range of measures that range of measures that present the wide mapping, the aim of this exercise is to to is aim of this exercise mapping, the disability. Rather than a comprehensive than a comprehensive Rather disability. the relation between culture and between the relation programme level, which have addressed addressed which have level, programme countries, at legislation, policy and policy and at legislation, countries, initiatives existing in ASEM member member ASEM in existing initiatives This section presents evidence of evidence presents section This

24 / 25 26 / 27 70

,

71 , was adopted. adopted. , was Conclusions Recommendation Recommendation , which stressed 67 A Renewed Commitment to Commitment to A Renewed adopted a adopted on a Coherent Policy for People People for on a Coherent Policy with Disabilities Meanwhile, in 1992 the Council of the in 1992 Meanwhile, Europe entitled European the European Also in 2010, 2010-2020 Disability Strategy Europe a Barrier-Free References to culture were included included culture were to References on ‘Participation’,in the chapter one identified Action’ of eight ‘Areas for In this context, the Strategy. by that the the document indicated Commission would European the accessibility improve to work of sports, leisure, cultural and recreational organisations, goods venues, activities, events, the cross- and services and foster works of copyright transfer border among in accessible format, support also to The EU was others. sports, make national activities to leisure, cultural and recreational organisations and activities accessible, and use the possibilities in the European exceptions for on copyright. Directive On the other hand, in 2010, in the hand, in 2010, On the other of Year of the European framework and Social the Fight against Poverty of a set Exclusion, on the Role of Culture in the Fight of Culture on the Role Exclusion and Social Against Poverty The Conclusions also adopted. was remove to States EU Member invited access culture, by, obstacles to raising awareness among others, of the within the cultural sector all types of public welcome need to needs, and recognise their different easily suitable and and circulating accessible cultural information, the particular to paying attention with disabilities. people of situation encourage the culture sector to to the culture sector encourage a positive promoting to contribute to people with disabilities, image of existing effortscontinue eliminate to furtherbarriers and examine and facilitate to and means ways with the access of people improve encourage culture, to disabilities to of accessibility by the improvement signage, and to using appropriate in enhance information-sharing this area.

68

the Copyright Act has included has Act the Copyright provisions technology-neutral that persons which guarantee to access have with disabilities works. copyright-protected guidelines Regional ground Operating in a middle national legislation and between of recommendations, a set policy, documents guidelines and related been have on culture and disability and regional integration by adopted organisations. intergovernmental are examples Some relevant in this section. presented The Council of Ministers of the European Union has a range adopted of documents culture to relevant and disability the past over decades few of the The Council of Ministers a European Union has adopted to range of documents relevant the culture and disability over decades. Among them, past few of on Accessibility a Resolution Cultural Infrastructure and Cultural with Disabilities People for Activities in 2003, in the context adopted was of People Year of the European with Disabilities. The Resolution and the called EU Member States examine Commission to European people with integrate to ways the artsdisabilities into and cultural support and to sectors equality of opportunities in the production to of their work, and promotion ,

,

In India In Sweden 66 67 65 , the Copyright Act Act , the Copyright amendments to the Copyright Act Act the Copyright amendments to of the the scope broadened have introduced first use’, ‘fair of principle to enable exceptions to in 1957 the amendments have copyright; also increased the access to people for materials copyrighted with disabilities and organisations with them. working In Sweden, the In Sweden, Act Copyright has included technology-neutral which provisions that guarantee persons with disabilities access have people to References with disabilities in legislation copyright section of the previous A subset is that of legislation in the field of countries where several copyright, inserted specific references have the needs of persons with to disabilities. Among them are those that, in line with the aforementioned address access Treaty, Marrakesh works. printed books and other to In Austria use permits the non-commercial means of by of a published work people and distribution to copying which with disabilities, in a form them. is suitable for to copyright- to works protected legislation on territory, urbanism urbanism on territory, legislation in Flandersand heritage establishes cinema theatres that all new people accessible to should be with disabilities.

61 , 63 , changes 62 latest set of set latest Sweden (2009) include the In Finland 60 On the other hand, existing hand, existing On the other ’s Act Regulating the Regulating ’s Act 64 objectives objectives of opportunitiespromotion experience to everyone for culture, participate in educational programmes their creative and develop as the abilities, as well of accessibility. promotion explicitly referring While not people with disabilities, to Meanwhile, in Meanwhile, where national cultural policy the by are adopted objectives the Parliament, Realisation of the Public of the Public Realisation in the Field of Culture Interest that special (2002) indicates the be paid to shall attention and themes some of situation including the cultural groups, needs of persons with disabilities. The implications the shall inform of the law national and of both work local authorities. In Belgium, the Participation Decree in Flanders, which came adopted a in 2008, provides force into participation for policy framework in a range of policy initiatives culture areas, including access to a range of priority to and referring including people with groups, disabilities. The Decree identifies policy instruments and funding to participationstimulate among key groups. of the accessibility of cultural of cultural of the accessibility on Act the 1997 Likewise, heritage. Public LibraryMuseums, Supplies that Education indicates and Public must be accessible cultural goods everybody. to Slovenia references to them were included them were to references and in the original proposition have commentators several stressed that people with disabilities are in practice one of the visible beneficiaries of some of the objectives. aforementioned to the legislation on creators’ rights creators’ the legislation on to facilitated have since 2006 in force people with disabilities, access for the translation of books into through establishment sign language, the of visual arts that can be exhibits measures. and other touched

59 Slovenia’s Act Act Slovenia’s Regulating the Regulating with disabilities needs of persons Realisation of the Realisation Elsewhere, evidence can also be evidence Elsewhere, of countries in which general found cultural legislation or sector-based has included at national level the rights of people to references with disabilities and the necessary enable their access measures to and participation in cultural life. references In Hungary, relevant on Act in the 2001 can be found of Cultural Heritage, the Protection that efforts must be which provides opportunities ensure equal made to people with disabilities in terms for Inclusion of disability in national legislation on culture are listed thereafter, including including thereafter, are listed support of artists to the provision the with disabilities, and writers history of a disability establishment make measures to museum, art redesign of accessible, the enable universal cultural courses to development accessibility and the devices assistive of technology, facilitate to and equipment access and inclusion for for access and inclusion persons with disabilities in recreational activities. themes and groups, themes and groups, Public Interest in the including the cultural including the cultural indicates that special indicates attention shall be paid attention Field of Culture (2002) Field of Culture (2002) to the situation of some to in 57 56 adopted adopted Persons with Persons (2009) (2008), closely (2008), closely adopted in India adopted 58 , which refers to to , which refers Law on Persons with on Persons Law 2014 includes one article on culture 2014 and recreation, which establishes Government that the appropriate and the local authorities shall and promote measures to take the rights of all persons protect a cultural have with disabilities to A range of possible measures life. , the In Act Disabilities the 2006 UN aligned with access to addresses Convention, including in Articlecultural life 31, to access equal to references TV cultural materials, programmes, other cultural films, theatre and formats, activities in accessible and venues cultural as to as well adopted be shall Measures facilities. artistic enable the creative, and to of persons with potential intellectual only not be developed disabilities to for benefit, but their own for society, the enrichment of recognise and as to as well support their specific cultural and linguistic identity. Rights of Persons with The Rights of Persons Disabilities Bill the Disabilities the access of persons with cultural services,disabilities to their with services be provided right to and degrees their forms to suited of disabilities in a range of areas including culture, and the need adopt measures to to the State for support participation of people with among disabilities in cultural life, areas. other In 2010, Viet Nam In 2010, Law on the Cambodia’s Law and the Promotion Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities that measures indicates facilitate to will be adopted the participation of people with disabilities in social, economic and cultural plans affecting development hand, them. On the other to measures are adopted ensure full accessibility of all public places, including leisure and cultural centres.

26 / 27 28 / 29

Other measures also 81 Policies As the explanation shows, the shows, As the explanation 80 explicitly refers to to refers explicitly National Cultural Policy 2011 82 Malta, where the , the Metropolitan Government has shown an increasing interest in an increasing interest has shown Government , the Metropolitan policy documents Inclusion of disability in major cultural in major cultural Inclusion of disability people with disabilities to mainstream the attention to In line with the calls included have all citizens, some governments to in policies addressed cultural policy documents. Among disability in broad-ranging to references them is integration of references to disability in mainstream policy documents needs to of references integration including and methodologies, with specific measures be accompanied to of The principle field of disability. in the stakeholders partnerships with key also be relevant which may others by ‘cultural inclusion’ is complemented of the levels at all people with disabilities, including ‘Empowerment to policy actions all’. Among the key and access for community’ and ‘Incentives improve measures to ‘Enforce is the plan to this framework deriving from the and in facilitating and venues possible, in cultural sites access whenever in close collaboration with services of persons with disability, for provision with Disability.’ Persons the National Commission for refer to the funding of cultural activities led by disadvantaged groups and the groups disadvantaged funding of cultural activities led by the to refer spaces not other culture in schools, hospitals and of access to promotion with culture. associated In Tokyo, at local level. also been adopted have policy initiatives Relevant the participation of people with disabilities in artistic activities. Measures of of artssupport and disability area and media coverage activities in this for steps These increased and become priority areas in local cultural policy. have and the 2020 Olympic for of preparations in the context been adopted have states and beyond 2020 Games. Indeed, the city’s vision towards Paralympic build Games to the Paralympic ‘use the opportunity by the aim to presented the arts enjoy and culture, to everyone a social infrastructure that allows of in terms city in the world the most barrier-free Tokyo make aiming to culture as well.’ the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and identifies with Disabilities on the Rights of Persons the UN Convention describing principles of cultural policy, ‘cultural inclusion’ as one of the key and intellectual social, physical, ‘Cultural inclusion involves this as follows: In close collaboration with the National Commission economic accessibility. [of] of Organisations the Malta Federation with Disability, Persons for of the Promotion and the National Commission for with Disability, Persons discrimination supports overcome this Policy that aim to initiatives Equality, all.’ access for and improving or exclusion In Malta, the 2011 National Cultural explicitly Policy the UN to refers on the Convention Rights of Persons with Disabilities and identifies ‘cultural inclusion’ as one of the of principles key cultural policy vision Tokyo’s 2020 the towards Olympic and Games Paralympic aims and beyond build a social to infrastructure that to everyone allows arts the enjoy and culture and make it the most barrier- free city in the in terms world of culture 3.2.

79 and implementation of ASEAN and implementation across programmes policies and political security the economic, pillarsand socio-cultural of the ASEAN Community’. 77 ,

76 was was Cultural 75 was adopted adopted was UN Economic 74 Bali Declaration on The Declaration made 78 the Enhancement of the Role and the Enhancement of the Role Participation with of the Persons Disabilities in ASEAN Community no explicit reference to cultural cultural to reference no explicit aspects, although some of its guiding principles could inform in this area. measures adopted the Finally, of the Member States by adopted Association of Southeast Asian included Nations (ASEAN) in 2011, ‘[ensuring] the a commitment to fulfilment of the rights of persons with disabilities in all aspects of life mainstreaming disability through in the development perspective The Action Plan has recently been Plan has The Action and the subject of an evaluation the elaboration of a draftled to the period 2017-2023, for Strategy a public which is being subject to consultation at the time of writing. aspects also played an indirect aspects also played action lines, including in other role and those dealing with information built the communication, access to transport. and to environment, In Asia and the Pacific, documents documents In Asia and the Pacific, the by adopted Asia and Social Commission for should (ESCAP) and the Pacific be particularly In the mentioned. of the aforementioned context a (2012), Incheon Conference Declaration on the Asian Ministerial Persons Decade of and Pacific with Disabilities (2013-2022) adopted. Disability Action Plan A Disability Action in 2006, the Council of Europe by period until a ten-year covering action key Among the 15 2015. lines identified, action line nº2 deals with the participation of people with disabilities in cultural life. recommendations to the to recommendations States, of Member governments a twin-track take ‘to including the mainstreaming approach, participation of people with sports,disabilities in culture, activities for and leisure tourism while not the general population, neglecting particular activities aimed at persons with disabilities reflecting their diversity specifically, and needs’.

73

Later, the Later, 72 European Social Charter European revised stressed in Article(1996) that 15 a cultural activities was access to social integration promote means to and participation in community life people with disabilities. for and Effective Participationand Effective of with Disabilities in Persons and Culture, Sports, Tourism The text Leisure Activities. specific contained 11 More recently, in 2013 the in 2013 More recently, of the of Ministers Committee a adopted Council of Europe Member to Recommendation States on Ensuring Full, Equal Equal on Ensuring Full, States participation people for life integration and integration in community with disabilities that the rehabilitation of people with disabilities is one of the The tasks in social policy. foremost that people stated Recommendation access with disabilities should have cultural activities and should be to participate actively encouraged to in cultural, social and political activities, including at professional this to information and receive level, end. In addition, measures should address the obstacles to be adopted which limit access and participation means develop and to in cultural life different to adequate and tools of disability. forms promote social social promote was a means to a means to was cultural activities cultural activities 15 that access to 15 that access to stressed in Article Charter (1996) European Social Social European The revised The revised

28 / 29 30 / 31 93 , a 90 United United National Action National Action In line with the aim 91 In this framework, In this framework, 92 , where the disability issues have also been also disability issues have the so-called ‘Creative in integrated which assumes Diversity’, Case for social, economic and that several need to demographic variables ensure account to into be taken access possibilities to everyone’s and participate in cultural life. Plan for Disability 2012-2020 Plan for Inclusion of cultural aspects in national disability strategies countries, national In several and action plans on strategies included references disability have access and participationto in is example One relevant cultural life. Austria involving, initiative cross-ministerial In recent decades, several major several In recent decades, culture and policy documents on been adopted disability have policymaking and funding by organisations in the Kingdom, including the Department Sport;of Culture, Media and Arts Scotland; Council ; Creative the Arts and the of Wales; Council Arts Council of Northern Ireland. The Scheme 2010-13 Disability Equality Arts by Council England adopted established its commitment to into ‘mainstream disability equality all of our decisions and activities’, in line with national legislation and non- in the field of equality discrimination. intellectual property and rights intellectual the active to awareness-raising, of representative involvement of in the monitoring organisations listed. were the strategy, to mainstream disability, work in the work mainstream disability, to field of culture and disability has into integrated been progressively particularly initiatives, policy broader Arts those in the field of diversity. strategic Council England’s 10-year to refers 2010-2020 framework to enable everyone the aim to by and be inspired experience the arts, museums and libraries that the leadership ensure and to are in this sector and workforce diverse.

89 , a cross-ministerial strategy strategy , a cross-ministerial Culture for All: Accessible All: Accessible Culture for this field. 10 strategic objectives, objectives, 10 strategic this field. an action line, and by accompanied accessibility, universal ranging from employment research, through opportunities, the adaptation of In Spain entitled with Disabilities People Culture for bringing in 2011, adopted was the Ministrytogether of Culture and the Ministry of Health, Social The strategy Affairs and Equality. the UN 2006 Convention to referred results survey and provided on the obstacles experienced with disabilities as people by and participation access regards It also indicated in cultural life. under bring together the aim to pre-existing a single framework establish as to as well initiatives, and guidelines common criteria in intervening all stakeholders for In the United in Kingdom, work the field of culture and disability has progressively been integrated broader into policy initiatives, particularly those in the field of diversity people with disabilities in artspeople with and capacities, creative culture, building obstacles and existing addressing support non-profit to providing representing people organisations measures with disabilities. Other the included in this field have Culture and Artsestablishment of a with Disabilities People for Center on of a fair and the organisation accessible art. 88 87 in , a set of , a set Ireland was adopted adopted was Republic of Korea Republic In the policies and major programmes support people with to provide to disabilities and their participation been in the cultural field have The Culture since 2007. adopted and Arts Support Enjoyment Project broaden the Disabled aims to for participationand intensify of enabling context to foster universal universal foster to context enabling including life, cultural access to with disabilities. among people An Arts and Disability Policy and (2012-2016) Strategy the Artsby Council of 2012. The document resulted The document resulted 2012. a specific consultation from also built on the Arts but process engagement Council’s previous The years. 25 over in the sector, the Arts underpinning values key arts to and Council’s approach follows: as presented disability were of the social the adoption equality, model of disability (which implied embedding a consideration of access needs in all stages, so as to measures did ensure that adopted further barriers to not perpetuate participation), and the complexity of people and practices, diversity (namely, a holistic approach combining the mainstreaming of access and participation artistsfor with and audiences of disabilities, the provision support,targeted and strategic The a capacity-building process). included actions and Strategy Policy and commitments structured under three areas: structures and of operations (e.g. training, review as well all funding programmes, and impacts, as their processes staff of communication, review procedures, and processes selection and supports resources etc.); (a supportrange of measures to artists and organisations active including in culture and disability, commissions, networking, through awareness-raising, peer-mentoring, alliances and strategic etc.) (including partnerships at national including level, and international with Arts & Disability Ireland, the and resource national development arts for organisation and disability).

83

86

A mid-term action A mid-term 85 National Arts and , where a programme entitled ‘Access to Art to entitled ‘Access programme was All 2006-2010’ and Culture for the Ministry by thereafter, adopted foreseen with specific measures cultural services for improve to people with disabilities, increase progress. monitor and resources The programme did not address did not The programme people with disabilities exclusively, minorities and but also ethnic More groups. disadvantaged other report the Access a new by recently, Art to and Culture Committee the Ministrypublished by of Education and Culture highlighted an that cultural rights provided cultural services being accessible all and cultural serviceto providers existing of the diversity being aware among citizens, and their needs. Initial measures resulting from this consultation period included to the establishment of a website with practical professionals provide improve to on how information cultural facilities, accessibility to as the inclusion of people as well with disabilities in the broader on Arts Programme and Government and as producers both Artists Policy, as consumers. , Finland 84 was adopted in 2009 by the Cultural Ministers Council, the Cultural Ministers in 2009 by adopted was Disability Strategy as representatives authorities as well federal a body which brings together a following adopted The document, and territories. states of the federated the submissions from 100 over which received consultation process broad arts priorities which people with disabilities, sets and disability sector and policies and measures on artsshould inform at all territorial and disability disabilities participate with the fully in a common vision: ‘People under levels, The artisticarts of Australia. aspirations and achievements cultural life and part and visible a valued are with a disability people of culture.’ of Australian case in point is Another where several ambitious policy where several been adopted have initiatives an In 2001, recent years. over involving Committee Accessibility of people with representatives disabilities, cultural institutions the and experts established by was Ministry of Education and Culture, the publication of the and led to all study (2002), the Culture for committee of another setting-up with Disabilities and on ‘People of Culture’ and the formulation an action programme for proposals (2004). In its report, the Committee a vision of an ideal presented have would where everyone society, the arts opportunitiesequal enjoy to their express and culture and to the arts with and creativity, own subsequent implementation. subsequent Australia by is provided One good example Adoption of strategies and broad-ranging and disability on culture programmes programmes and broad-ranging strategies adoption of specific the However, as option, more frequent arises as a of culture and disability in the field Often, in this sub-section. the presented examples by the exemplified aims, including the combines several in this field adoption of strategies in the field of culture and of support active organisations to provision cultural measures among mainstream of adaptive the promotion disability, and capacity-building of professionals, and events, organisations, venues the general public. In some and among within the sector awareness-raising consultation intensive is preceded by of strategies cases, the adoption in also be involved may which stakeholders, with key and negotiation In subsequent years, the Australia the Australia years, In subsequent the ArtsCouncil for has recognised the area of disability within its Cultural Engagement Framework a range of outcomes and delivered its Disability Action through funded as requiring Plan, as well disability develop organisations to action plans. action plans develop disability develop organisations to organisations to requiring funded Plan, as well as Plan, as well Disability Action Disability Action through its of outcomes delivered a range delivered Framework and Framework Engagement within its Cultural area of disability has recognised the Council for the ArtsCouncil for The Australia

30 / 31 32 / 33 The China Meanwhile, Meanwhile, 103 102 . , the National Trust is a , the National Trust Disabled Persons’ Federation is a Federation Disabled Persons’ national umbrella organisation for disabilities, persons with diverse with the mission of which works the full participationpromoting of persons in society with disabilities ensuring with others, equally that persons with disabilities and cultural share in the material and foster of society, achievements society humanitarianism across as a whole. Among its mission statutory body of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, providing towards which works opportunities capacity building for of persons with disabilities and fulfilling their rights, their families, the and promoting facilitating creation of an enabling environment In practice, society. and an inclusive cooperation often involves its work Ministries. with other in India in charge of Culture, as well as in charge of Culture, as well of organisations representatives disability and in the field of active The initiative NGOs, among others. World praised in the 2011 was Report on Disability In India, the In India, is Trust National a statutory body of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, which works providing towards opportunities for capacity building of persons with disabilities and their families, fulfilling their rights 101 Several countries have established countries have Several the or take bodies which oversee policies, lead in all disability-related including culture. One significant is the aforementioned example Council in Disability Action as Cambodia, which operates and the national coordination advisory mechanism on disability 1997. issues, first established in the Minister The Council is led by in charge of Social Affairs and of representatives involves ministries, including that several Establishment of bodies specific public of special public The setting-up with policy either bodies entrusted leadership in disability-related areas or with the implementation or delivery specific policies of in this area is and programmes Often, bodies step. a frequent participants in this area involve disabilities, with people representing some of the examples by as shown hereafter. presented with disabilities, facilitate the the facilitate with disabilities, in audio of newspapers production allocations and increase formats of interpretation sign-language to others. among plays, Cambodia’s ActionDisability firstCouncil, established in operates 1997, the nationalas coordination advisoryand mechanism on issues disability where the 100 Norway’s Norway’s wants government Norwegianall of comply society to with universal 2025, design by thus making society more equal accessible, and inclusive everyone for people with disabilities, the for focal point on identification of a possible disability issues and other measures); and specific cultural and artistic practices (including of opportunities the broadening for artists disabilities, the use of with The Chartertactile panels, etc.). has as partbeen presented of training with accompanied materials, practical examples. is example significant Another Norway, by provided vision is national government’s all of Norwegian to society for design by with universal comply design being 2025 – universal making for as a strategy understood more accessible, equal society This everyone. for and inclusive the government’s informs objective relations with subsidiary agencies and with funding recipients. The Ministry of Culture has published of regulations and guidelines a set design in cultural universal for institutions, whereas the Ministry which and Environment, of Climate tangible has the responsibility for cultural heritage, has published similar guidelines aimed at cultural heritage institutions. Additional to measures are being adopted on information increase available the cultural participation of people

The country’s current 99 , a Charter on 98 National Plan for the Promotion the Promotion for National Plan Opportunities People of Equal for also 2015-2020 with Disabilities section regarding includes a Cultural Heritage and to ‘Access Participation in Cultural Life’. Article to 30 of the UN Referring the National Plan 2006 Convention, that its main aim in the field states support of culture is to the removal and administrative of physical barriers hindering more intensive access of persons with disabilities services, cultural goods and to while them personal fulfilment, allowing in the cultural working e.g. by specific measures area. Several this end, including are outlined to accessibility the physical improving of cultural institutions, providing discounts and encouraging the use of digitised collections. The of these activities implementation the Ministry to is mainly entrusted of Culture. Accessibility examples previous As several and sensory physical shown, have accessibility are often visible and elements in general strategies action plans in the field of disability. the same time, some specific At in this field should policy initiatives including the elaboration be noted, to enable of specific guidelines life. cultural to accessibility universal In France Cultural Facilities to Accessibility in 2004, a joint adopted was of the Ministryinitiative of Culture and Communication and a specialised NGO. Operating as all for a recommendation, valid the welcoming organisations cultural general public, the Charter builds legislation and provides on existing enhance accessibility in guidance to of areas: accessibility three different information the built environment; and communication (including the of specific materials production services. 97 , as early Government’s Government’s 96 , an integrated approach approach , an integrated , the Czech Republic implementation of these measures of these measures implementation the Ministry others, among involves, and Fine Arts,of Culture the NGOs Council and Action Disability areas. in these active In Sweden strategy for disability policy for strategy 2011 between implementation ten for contains targets and 2016 different and identifies policy fields 20 national bodies approximately with its implementation. entrusted the policy aims to Ultimately, from turn people with disabilities ‘citizens’ with rights ‘patients’ into else. and obligations as everyone In the field of culture, media and sport, include the objectives of opportunities full broadening for participation among people with disabilities, the mainstreaming into of a disability perspective the allocation of grants, and the adaptation of media and film them more accessible make to people with disabilities. The to ArtsSwedish Council has received to mandate a governmental disability policies in the implement field of culture and has adopted a range of measures in this area, including regular consultations with disability organisations, enhanced accessibility of online and offline participationinformation, in and seminars, conferences among others. In the In Bulgaria cultural policy has been to the inclusion of leading to promoted, plans culture in national strategies, of areas in a range and programmes including poverty eradication, social ageing and regional inclusion, active some In this context, development. been adopted measures have culture for access to facilitate to people with disabilities. the a national plan for as 1998 opportunities of equal provision people with disabilities was for that included a provision adopted, to audio recordings facilitate to as people with visual impairments, cultural access to as physical well The 95 94 everyone else everyone obligations as with rights and into ‘citizens’ into from ‘patients’ with disabilities aims to turn people aims to Sweden’s policy Sweden’s National Disability Strategic The National Disability Strategic in adopted Plan 2014-2018 Cambodia includes one strategic ‘Ensure that aims to objective participation in social activities such as cultural, religious, sporting, artistic, recreation activities’. Specific and other of include the promotion strategies cultural activities, accessibility to TV and films and tools, programmes of support people to the provision actively to with disabilities in order part take in and organise their own strategic cultural activities. Another on access to focusing objective, public environment, the physical transportation and knowledge, ensure addresses the aim to cultural facilities accessibility to (theatres, museums, cinemas, heritage and to libraries, etc.) as the enhancement as well sites, sign language, of translation to sound, large print and Braille. among others, the Artsamong others, and Culture Chancellery the Federal Division of Ministry the Federal of (formerly, ArtsEducation, and Culture) and the UN implementing aimed at section a includes Convention, 2006 in this area on culture. Priorities of measures include the adoption cultural accessibility of improve to sensoryinstitutions, including visual and accessibility (e.g. tactile, audio support) museums federal in as cultural and libraries; as well activities education and mediation people children and young involving with disabilities.

32 / 33 34 / 35

and projects and Programmes Programmes This subsection presents a wide range of programmes, of programmes, range wide a presents This subsection the addressed have that measures and projects in ASEM disability and culture between relationship a involve below presented The experiences countries. field the in projects since stakeholders, of range wide by either be initiated disability may and of culture governments, or local (national organisations public and arts private bodies) or by cultural public councils, non-profit organisations (NGOs, theatre companies, etc.). NGO companies, museums, federations, private the to according been classified have Examples that acknowledging while address, issues their main often they deal with several of the themes identified of experiences number extensive the Given below. does below presented the information existing, mapping, comprehensive a present to not aim in which areas illustrate many the to rather but some present emerge, and may in this area initiatives thereof. examples 3.3. Projects in the Projects in field of culture and disability initiated be may public either by organisations (national or local arts governments, councils, public cultural bodies) or non- and private by organisations profit (NGOs, theatre companies, museums, private companies, NGO etc.) federations, 109 In China, a National 108 Braille Press has been established, Braille Press has been reading rich and diverse provide to visual people with to materials a China Braille disabilities. Likewise, Library exists. now provides audio books, e-books audio provides with visual people for and Braille One of and . impairments ensure that aims is to its major to access have dyslexia people with participationknowledge, and society tailored to in ways and experiences their needs. 106 , national Lithuania and Similarly, NOTA is a national NOTA Similarly, 107 , which produces and , which produces Denmark Libraries for the Blind exist. These the Blind exist. Libraries for as cultural, centres operate educational and information with the aim of facilitating providers, bibliographical and library, access to services people with information to book to Further visual impairments. lending in Braille and talking books, these Libraries carry out outreach with activities, organise meetings activities in this authors and other area. In several countries, specific centres In several provide been established to have books and reading for access to people with visual impairments. In Latvia In several In several countries, including China, Denmark, Latvia and Lithuania, national libraries for catering people with visual impairments have been established worth noting. The Committee worth The Committee noting. of representatives brings together ministries in charge the national as and of Disability, of Culture disability foremost as the well of people NGOs, representatives cultural with disabilities and the aim of organisations, with measures in all relevant proposing areas, with particular emphasis and facilities cultural on access to professional activities, training and of its meetings Each development. issues, and addresses specific policies and programmes several as a result, as emerged have report.this in elsewhere illustrated library under the Ministry of Culture of ) set ) set , a (Commission 105 In Greece 104 in 2001 is particularly in 2001 National Committee on National Committee Commission for Equal Treatment Treatment Equal for Commission the established under was Ministry Justice, the mandate of of which included supervising the of the Optional implementation Convention, 2006 UN the of Protocol on Equal as the EU Directive as well and in Employment Treatment with Occupation, in cooperation the Hellenic the Ombudsman and Labour Inspectorate. organisations and cultural disabilities of people with representatives representatives disability NGOs, Culture and Disability as the foremost cases, institutions dealing In other with culture and disability or with been specific areas thereof have up. The set Handicap nationale Culture et up in France Disability, as well as well Disability, Culture and of in charge of ministries of the national representatives representatives brings together brings together and Disability on Culture Committee Committee France’s National France’s is the opening of professional of professional is the opening among people in culture pathways with disabilities.

34 / 35 36 / 37 , In Croatia 117 , the National Trust Trust , the National These practices are These practices are 118 also visible in many other events events other also visible in many Asia and Europe. across culture and disability have been disability have culture and mainstream broader, included in In India festivals. the presentation has promoted with people made by of products of the disabilities in the context Crafts International Surajkund of showcase Mela, a recognised handlooms and handicrafts from country. the across the annual Dance Week Festival Festival Week the annual Dance has since its very beginnings and regularly inclusivity promoted dance of integrated work presented companies.

’s

Dax , first held in Disabled UK , the (“A different (“A , which aims Unlimited Unlimited 115 Out of the Box’ Out of the Box’ International ArtInternational Australia International Special Special International Other relevant initiatives initiatives Other relevant 116 , named after pioneering the Centre Cunningham Dax in of Eric work art into introducing programmes institutions and mental health on focuses treatment programmes, of mental health and the promotion educative the through wellbeing art. of power The Centre does this partnerships through many with practitioners,organisations and including the neighbouring as well of Melbourne as University in the arts,stakeholders health and education sectors. include the Art in Hungary, the festival Festival mirada diferente Una Spain organised by perspective”) National Drama Centre, which companies done by presents work people with disabilities involving European Spain and other from countries; the ‘ ArtsBiennial of Inclusive Switzerland Geneva, on the relation a debate foster to by the artsbetween and disability, artists with and without involving Switzerland and disabilities, from and the elsewhere; and in , Glasgow Festival locations in the other held as part of London 2012’s held as part of London 2012’s and which has Cultural Olympiad become a biennial, increasingly recognised event. addressing events Elsewhere, Melbourne, Melbourne, become a frequent have Festivals opportunities to provide to vehicle artists disabilities and enhance with cultural disability-related access to public among the expressions can examples at large. Several and events of festivals be found arts, on disability-related focusing including the and Disabilities People Exhibition for organisations several organised by representing people with disabilities and artistsand in China, Korea Wuhan, Japan, and first held in and the China, in 2015; organised Culture Festival Persons’ Disabled Persons’ China’s by and the MinistryFederation of 10 Culture, which reaches over million people with disabilities annually. In 114 Arts Rcth+, which , and supported Netherlands and the visual arts, in Rotterdam, and the visual arts, in Rotterdam, the In this city’s local government. by Theatre Maatwerk, early 2015, and the Herenplaats Galerie Atelier rooterdamscentrumvoortheater a partnership into entered (rcth) the establishment which will lead to art’, inclusive of a ‘House for named tentatively defines itself as ‘a professional theatre institution interdisciplinary artistsfor with and without builds disabilities’. The initiative and Galerie on Theatre Maatwerk previous Herenplaats’ Atelier in the field of arts,experience as disability and health, as well education in culture, record rcth’s is Rcth+ and social projects. open in 2017. to expected Across Asia Across and Europe, initiatives several to contribute strengthening the place of arts and disability in the public sphere establishingby partnerships development 112 programme, programme, Another significant Another ’s Arts and Disability , a creative space solely , a creative 113 in Korea artists to with disabilities. dedicated Art 15 Spaces One of approximately for the Seoul Foundation up by set facilitate to Arts and Culture (SFAC) and access to artistic development culture, SAS Jamsil selects 12 visual artists disabilities annually and with with residence space them provides educational services,and diverse professional as other as well activities, such as development The centre also fairs. supports activities for creative children with disabilities and carries programme. out a family case is that of the partnership three artsbetween organisations, the fields of theatre coming from Across Asia and Europe, Asia and Europe, Across to contribute initiatives several strengthening the place of arts and disability in the public sphere establishing partnerships.by in this area One good example is Ireland Connect (ADC) supportdesigned to artists with and new make disabilities to enabling them by ambitious work, practitioners connect with other to a change in make to or venues, audiences their practice, reach new and and engage in mentoring the Artstraining. ADC is funded by Council of Ireland, in line with its Artsaforementioned and Disability (2012-2016), and Strategy Policy Artsand is managed by & Disability Ireland. A very extensive number of experiences exist in ASEM in ASEM exist of experiences number A very extensive of development which the countries facilitate aim to disability artsartisticother and to related practices strengthening creativity, by disabilities, with people production, distribution or access.

, , an (Jordi (Jordi ’s Candoco UK 111 ’s Associação and refers to the to and refers in Croatia

Currently the only 110

’s Liant la Troca Portugal , which for 15 years has years 15 , which for

Spain 3.3.1. Vo’Arte in dance/ inclusively worked performance and cinematic creation and has established an integrated Integrada Companhia company, was Multidisciplinar (CiM). The latter the result of collaboration with the Association in Lisbon Gulbenkian (APCL) and the Calouste Cerebral Centre for Rehabilitation (CRPCCG). Among the Palsy a give aims is to stated company’s and body language another to voice the chance, space and time give to achieve people with disabilities to to of artsthe desire of creating a work body. with their own A relevant public project at local public project A relevant is Seoul Art Space Jamsil level Illustrative examples in the field of examples Illustrative include creation and production Research Movement the Integrated (IMRC) Collective contemporary dance integrated on the premise which works group are not that dance and movement conditioned on certain physical abilities, but that physical given of dance experience expression, and performance of it belongs everyone. to and Cortés), of influence. as sources Also part Access of the Unlimited is project inclusive dance group of its kind in dance group inclusive in presented been has IMRC Croatia, project of the European the context Access Unlimited of similar dance companies work including elsewhere,

36 / 37 38 / 39

in , in , involving , involving 123 NAC-SPED NAC-SPED Netherlands , the 126 127 conjunction with AxionContinu care institutions, which enables adults visit museums in with disabilities to this city. Partnership Programme the National Arts the Council and Ministry of Education, supports the use of the efforts promote to arts in Special as a pedagogical tool Education schools, enabling the arts become more deeply embedded to part integrated and as an integral school experience. of the overall Artists work and school teachers and co-develop to closely together arts-based customised co-teach the learning lessons that target needs of students with different Polish Association for the Blind for Association Polish which holds approximately Warsaw, 6000 titles. aspect of distinctive Another in this area, as observed initiatives is the examples, in the previous of organisations from involvement different areas of activity (culture, social inclusion, health, education) and the strength of partnerships A relevant at city or regional level. case in point is Museum Friday, of local museums an initiative in Utrecht, the Education countries, measures In many facilitate to been adopted have the access and participation in of children and young cultural life and in formal people enrolled education activities. non-formal In Singapore ’s Ministry and Luxembourg Family of the

122

125 (‘Cultural In a similar vein, in In a similar vein, 124 , the largest available , the largest available , the national federation , the national federation Germany Teilhabe Kulturelle Participation’) over brings together organisations which 50 non-profit access enable to actively work in their everyone culture for to regions (e.g. cities and respective and Berlin group the Kulturleben in similar organisations elsewhere the country) and which conduct, to activities targeted among others, people with disabilities. Indeed, civil society organisations Indeed, civil society in involved are often actively ‘cultural involving projects mediation’ and reaching out to less traditional cultural audiences. In Poland collections of books in Braille, large-print and audiobooks is from their first day of release; the launch of special projects focusing on the focusing projects the launch of special of release; first their day from regarding of information and on coordination professions audio description of setting-up descriptions; the and/or audio with subtitles available works with owners cinema small and medium-sized provide to group a working and the drafting guide on practical support projects; accessibility of a new for film sector. accessibility in the to contribute to been adopted measures have in some contexts Finally, ad-hoc basis. accessibility on an with a sign-language interpreter, an agreement signed in 2007 Integration in help people with hearing impairments to on request who is available sphere. including activities in the cultural different contexts, Civil society organisations are often actively in projects involved ‘cultural involving mediation’ and reaching out to less traditional cultural audiences that of the Central Library of the and culture professionals have been have and culture professionals carried out.

, a large programme , a large programme

, and which has progressively , and which has progressively Cultural mediation Cultural mediation and outreach enhance accessibility, to In order and civil governments several adopted organisations have society the access of foster measures to people culture, with disabilities to delivery the design and through which ‘reach out’ of programmes or of traditional cultural venues engage people with which aim to collaboration disabilities through with organisations in the disability Some of these initiatives sector. address specifically people with are partdisabilities, whereas others aimed at programmes of broader groups. disadvantaged is latter of the example One relevant Cultura Apropa a L’Auditori, by in 2007 initiated public concert hall in Barcelona, Spain cultural other many to expanded Catalonia. At across facilities present, 54 theatres, concert halls, and museums and over festivals social, health and educational 1400 in the organisations are involved provided which in 2014 programme, people (including 11,000 19,000 as people with disabilities, as well people at risk, elderly people, young and homeless people, among with opportunitiesothers) access to partand take in cultural activities In the in mainstream venues. several of the programme, context enabling people with workshops part take in creative disabilities to activities in collaboration with artists , Poland 121 , measures have , measures have With a similar 120 purpose, the restoration of the the restoration purpose, in Łódź, Herbst Palace Policies and measures fostering and measures fostering Policies in accessibility can also be found and venues, cultural facilities other including theatres, auditoriums, libraries and cinemas, among In France others. the access of foster to been adopted cinemas people with disabilities to Among works. audiovisual and to them is the establishment of an the scheme, managed by incentive supportNational Cinema Centre, to of subtitling the gradual introduction and audio description of films placed particular on emphasis the accessibility of people with disabilities, and some of the allow designed to were exhibitions to people with visual impairments visit independently. as 1986 the City of Sciences in as 1986 identified as a ‘pilot was Paris the accessibility foster to project’ of people with disabilities to cultural institutions; last decade, the Quai Branly Museum was also designed as a completely which accessible cultural facility, the segregation from avoid would achieved public – this was broader consultation in extensive through the planning, design and building processes. , Accessibility , , a , as early Typhlological Typhlological

Croatia Czech Republic France

The latter example is example The latter in Zagreb, 119 Many relevant measures have been measures have relevant Many in the field of museums adopted by and cultural heritage, as proven A recent examples. the following report the Council of published by of experiences outlines a set Europe national museums by conducted and palaces in the at the including tactile exhibitions in Prague, as Palace Swarzenberg of the Technical as the work well Museum in Brno in making its and those of other resources own people museums accessible to among with visual impairments, others. In line with requirements in international standardsin international In line with requirements ASEM in many adopted policies and legislation and cultural for frequent it is increasingly countries, the facilitate adopt to measures to organisations activities. other and events of venues, accessibility refers in this context accessibility earlier, As noted and accessibility of buildings physical the both to sensoryto and places provision the and accessibility languages and formats. of in a variety of information Museum similar to that of the similar to public, specialised institution that collects, established in 1953 documents researches, stores, tangible and and communicates to related non-tangible materials people with , with an visual on people with emphasis Also worthimpairment. is the noting Multisensorial Collection DiTACTA first developed an educational tool and which has been in Croatia museums and several by adopted with the aim galleries elsewhere, independence of giving complete with visual disabilities, visitors to specially-designed through stands, tactile diagrams and an In audio system.

3.3.2. and formats languages in a variety of in a variety of information of information the provision the provision accessibility and and to sensoryand to and places of buildings accessibility the physical the physical refers both to both to refers this context this context Accessibility in Accessibility

38 / 39 40 / 41 137 Centres Federation of Federation New Zealand The New Information Disability as gathers operate centres that providing info-shops’, ‘one-stop people with for information part take in different disabilities to including culture. areas of society,

,

, the Slovene Slovene

Sweden has set up a has set , the 133 134 website provides provides website In Spain 135 136 Accessible Theatre Accessible Meanwhile, in in Meanwhile, 132 , the Spanish Centre for Subtitling and Spanish Centre for has Descriptions (CESyA) Audio in partnership with other worked organisations since 2005 in order accessibility in the media provide to the In this context, and cultural life. Culture Accessible general public the for information the participation facilitate to of persons with disabilities in cultural life. the Swedish Library of Talking Books Librarythe Swedish Talking of is conducting extensive and Braille digital on change, with work being used for technology of the downloading for example as for talking books, as well talking newspapers. Measures in this field may be Measures in this field may of broader in the context adopted aimed at people programmes with disabilities in a wide range including culture. of sectors, Initiatives in this area can be in this area can Initiatives and companies by facilitated In IT sector. organisations in the Spain information to Access culture for accessibility to Finally, people with disabilities should measures that be supported by making information to contribute more easily accessible and In Slovenia available. project, initiated by the Vodafone the Vodafone by initiated project, in partnershipFoundation, with an association and a company specialising in accessibility several services, has provided theatres and public and private some performing with arts festivals subtitling, audio-description and on audio induction loop equipment individual sessions. Ethnographic Museum persons communication centre for permanent with disabilities for where computer exhibitions, applications and an introductory of to the content access film give the exhibitions. towards the entrances and paths the entrances and towards as well facilities, cultural leading to using hand-held them, by as within devices. 131 , which in 2009 launched Technology An increasing number of projects mobile and how are exploring can enhance digital technologies opportunities people with for disabilities and enable them to in access and participate actively The nature of these cultural life. these for often allows technologies be implemented to initiatives venues simultaneously in different networking. and facilitate is that example One significant New of the city of Christchurch, Zealand Orientation System the SoundPost in its Cultural Precinct, with major support the City Council. 60 from placed in key base stations were the area, enabling throughout spots people with visual disabilities to directions, guiding them receive national government and ESCAP and ESCAP national government as the Art well as representatives and the All Foundation for where of the Blind, and Association the importance and of culture in the UN’s the place of disability Goals Sustainable Development also discussed. were An increasing projects number of how are exploring mobile and digital technologies can enhance opportunities people with for disabilities and enable them access and to participate actively in cultural life

130 , the , its latest , its latest 129 Cambodia, Epic Arts Art All Foundation for annual ‘Art for All’ Camp has been annual ‘Art All’ Camp for of An initiative 20 years. held for the On some occasions, educational public to lead activities may thus contributing to events, of disability raising awareness and the importance of cultural participation. In Thailand Meanwhile, in Meanwhile, artsis an inclusive organisation which uses the arts of as a form and empowerment expression bring people with and without to Among its main disabilities together. areas of action is that of inclusive education, which encompasses Arts an Inclusive Course (involving people with and without young disabilities), a (offering creative in Kampot Project children to educational programmes people with and without and young can become disabilities so that they and members of society), active an arts involving delivery team, Arts the Inclusive from graduates models for Course who act as role students. Epic Arts,younger which also carries out community work social enterprise and promotes as a is registered programmes, Kingdom. charity in the United in close cooperation with in close cooperation local disability of representatives twice a who meet associations, staff with museum year of in charge discuss to issues in order disability as changes and improvements environment the physical regards context, In this and accessibility. been have programmes several children with school designed for disabilities, and intellectual physical in the museum by developed the collaboration with Handisam, Special Needs for National Institute County Council, Education, Jämtland municipality and local Ostersund disability associations. edition involved 150 students with 150 edition involved disabilities, who could enhance their creativity and confidence. It opened held at event with a high-profile the premises of the UN Economic Asia and Social Commission for (ESCAP), involving and the Pacific

, which

128 , the county museum Jamtli Education schools often,Very educational programmes people children and young targeting with disabilities, or their families, individual cultural by are devised organisations, often in partnership in the active stakeholders with other example One good field of disability. is that of tool in Special tool Sweden of Jämtland County, a the years over has developed range of educational programmes groups, at different targeted including people with disabilities. The museum has a disability policy use, an information internal for disabilities people with for sheet making its for and a strategy more accessible. These facilities been developed documents have as a pedagogical to promote the promote to use of the arts supports efforts disabilities and address larger educational goals. The arts are one of Education, of Education, of the six core Learning Domains to the desired Living, Learning meet of every outcomes and Working students, as established in 2012’s SPED Curriculum Framework. Special for A Visual Arts Toolkit Education schools has also the Ministry Council and Council and been produced. National Arts involving the involving Programme, Programme, Partnership the NAC-SPED the NAC-SPED In Singapore, In Singapore,

40 / 41 42 / 43

14 with disabilities. This has led to to This has led with disabilities. in the number of an increase adopting measures organisations in this area.

146 , , since

Austria Council 144 145 In Sweden Australia 147 for the Arts its funded for requires disability develop organisations to action plans. Similarly, the Similarly, adaptation and preservationadaptation materials printed of books and people with to accessible visual impairments. 2013 it is a precondition for cultural it is a precondition for 2013 institutions receiving financial to support the government from access plan. The a detailed have address in to plan is expected particular the needs of people Support measures have also been Support measures have field of accessible established in the of media and the broadening opportunities people with for become active disabilities to them. In to contributors Chancellerythe Federal the for established the Fund of Non-commercial Promotion in 2009. Broadcasting Private the provision Among its aims was production of access to skills and and broadcasting opportunities people for with disabilities. and Accessibility disability action as a funding condition for public authorities In recent years, established in some countries have for requirements disability-related cultural organisations as a condition access or maintain funding, in to line with legislation in the fields of In the discrimination and equality. Kingdom, in line with the United and the Equality 2010 Act Equality public bodies as well Duty 2011, as organisations receiving regular have to public funding are required action plans in place, equality addressing a range of social and including demographic variables, The major regularly- disability. funded organisations also need report of their to on the make-up audiences on a regular basis, with data on the basis disaggregated disability race and of age, gender, of audiences. status of a sample

, the In Slovakia 141 In Italy, the Ministry 143 Similarly, the Ministry Similarly, has established specific 142 of Culture established in 2008 a fund to support a fund to the production, of Education, Science and Sport of Slovenia co-finance to projects calls for designed by cultural projects organisations representing people initiatives with disabilities. Selected of books, included the purchase in and newsletters newspapers Braille, audio books, and books in materials printed and other people with visual bigger print for as audiovisual as well impairments, with interpretation content and web sign language or with in Slovenian persons with hearing subtitles for impairments. Public authorities authorities Public countries in some established have disability-related requirements cultural for as organisations to a condition maintainaccess or funding, in line with legislation in the fields of discrimination and equality Culture established the ‘Mobility which, in All’ programme, for governmental line with broader funding has provided objectives, and cultural facilities make to people buildings accessible to with disabilities. Ministry of Culture has subsidy accessibility facilitating programmes people with visual culture for to including through impairments, other of books and the provision in adapted materials printed formats.

, , the 140 Czech In Croatia funds to supportfunds to Council for the Arts Council for 139 , in 2009 the Ministry of Funding . Both development grants, grants, development . Both Republic Funding for accessibility for Funding can be found examples Several lines established to of budget support dimensions different the cultural facilities of accessibility to and activities. In the Mayo established in 2013 Ignite established in 2013 Mayo showcase designed to a platform people with disabilities, talent from and Irish artists international led by and performers with disabilities. implemented were Three projects cities in the three aforementioned and 2015. in 2014 and toured The Australia also allocates artists with who identify groups and disability individual artists’contributing to careers, and disability-led groups’ In grants are available. and project have Belgium, specific programmes been established in the French- supportspeaking Community to people by cultural expressions with disabilities, including via the Quality of Life’s Agency for Walloon support film and performing for arts projects. Ministry of Culture and other financially public authorities have and programmes supported projects of associations of persons with raising to disabilities that contribute among the general awareness public about the artistic of work persons with disabilities.

138 , United

commissions , inspired by the , inspired by Unlimited productions and also presents productions work. international programme in the programme biennial the aforementioned which Festival, Unlimited relevant showcasing to contributes managed by Shape and Artsadmin,managed by Artswith funding from Council and Scotland England, Creative Arts first established Council Wales, in programme as a three-year and recently renewed 2014-16 funding until 2020. By providing support talented and mentoring to artists with disabilities and enabling and show produce develop, them to aims to Unlimited ambitious work, within the cultural embed their work audiences and reach new sector, shift of people with perceptions disabilities. The commissions to is also linked programme experience of Unlimited in London of Unlimited experience the Arts Council, Arts2012, & Disability Ireland, and local and Galway authorities in Cork, In Ireland Several organisations, including organisations, including Several in particular public authorities and organisations in receipt of established public funding, have funding permanent or temporary contribute meant to programmes in the field of disability projects to the arts to contribute or which of artists development professional with disabilities. One good example is the In several countries of Asia and Europe, funding Europe, of Asia and countries several In establishedbeen supportto have programmes the development of initiatives in the field of culture and priority areas and models of range wide A disability. as described hereafter. can be identified, of arts projects Funding 3.3.3. until 2020 recently renewed recently renewed term initiative, initiative, term has become a long- , Paralympic Olympic and the London 2012 the context of the context establishedin disabilities, first for artists for with programme commissions The Unlimited

42 / 43 44 / 45

154 , involvement in involvement

has United Slovenia 155 decision-making Consultation and Sweden holds regular exchanges holds regular exchanges Slovene National Theatre in Slovene Kingdom, the Department for Culture, Media and Sports works in society, ensure that all groups to including people with disabilities, on the boards are represented of public bodies including Arts as major Council England as well national museums, galleries and libraries. Similar initiatives the by been adopted have Government. Scottish Similarly, as already noted, the as already noted, Similarly, Jamtli Museum in a range of disability- developed in partnership documents related of local with representatives disability associations and meets discuss changes them regularly to In the and improvements. Programmes and projects addressing people with with people addressing projects and Programmes in them involve to measures take disabilities should consultationrelated activities other in and processes with of people engagement The decision-making. to basis individual an on place take may disabilities artists consulting by (e.g. or with disabilities members or disability) a with public general of the (e.g. NGOs organisations representative through disabilities). representing people with of measures in this Examples in some of the area can be found In countries examined. the Maribor with disability organisations to gather suggestions and requests. 3.3.5.

152 151

153 , where the EU-funded TARU , where the EU-funded TARU Access to to Access In Belgium, people with hearing been trained as disabilities have Museums of guides in the Royal Fine Arts. young dancers with disabilities to dancers with disabilities to young access training. measures in this area have Active countries, several in been adopted of broader often in the context aimed at policies and programmes of people the employment fostering with disabilities. Specific steps in the cultural employment towards others, in found, among field can be Finland employment foster sought to project among artists with a migrant or with disabilities. One background was of the results of the project the increasing acknowledgement artistsof target as facilitators among minority of interaction communities and the broader arts in Finland, rather than sector beneficiaries of support.passive employment

found found a survey , a survey Research Research 149 United Kingdom United

Australia A further study suggested 150 In line with international standards, with international line In should measures with people of access the facilitate to be adopted artistsincluding employment, to disabilities other and cultural professionals. Indeed, a range of studies the difficulties to pointed have people with by experienced disabilities when trying obtain to The jobs in the cultural sector. elaboration of these reports may the towards be seen as a first step measures adoption of corrective in this area. In on behalf of DADAA by conducted Arts in 2012 Australia Access that significant barriers remained people with disabilities, for concerns including employer and additional resourcing around widespread discrimination against as well people with disability, by found difficulties as broader in employment access to everyone the However, the cultural sector. artsreport that ‘many also found and cultural organisations already be demonstrating good seem to practice in this area’. conducted in the conducted dance professional on access to disabilities people with young for has identified a range of barriers training, including attitudinal to dancers young barriers (from their peers, or from themselves, and others), parents, teachers training (e.g. to barriers related training, technical lack of available of training sessions, and content lack of knowledge), teachers’ logistical aspects qualifications, (e.g. transport), building access and others. talent identification criteria and talent identification criteria in order approaches methodological enhance the opportunities to for 3.3.4. cultural sector cultural sector obtain jobs in the when trying to disabilities by people with people with by experienced experienced the difficulties have pointed to to pointed have A range of studies

44 / 45 46 / 47

is

In the 163 Of course, the list of 164 professional development events in events development professional and disability is the area of culture regularly. much larger and expands , the annual , the annual Kingdom United conference Minds Creative artists in being led by notable and performers with learning disabilities. several local, regional and local, regional and several national institutions.

159

, in

, where In May In May , Accessible , Accessible Ireland 162 , Germany

160 . Netherlands In Australia guide first published in , which aims to showcase showcase , which aims to 161 ‘All In: Quality and Opening 2016, an international symposium symposium an international 2016, entitled Inclusion’ by Cultural Work to Up cultural policy, addressing how can cultural institutions and actors of abilities, the diversity open up to held in Cologne, was with support the EU’s Creative from as as well programme Europe An Arts Disability resource and published in pack was a partnership resulting from 2010, Arts the between Council, Arts & County Ireland, Mayo Disability of Council, the Irish Museum Modern Art and South Tipperary pack resource County Council. The a set from captures the learning to and aims projects of previous application with share its practical artists and cultural professionals. Seminars and workshops Capacity-building often initiatives of professional the form take and training seminars, workshops present which aim to similar events, expertise and bring together existing different from stakeholders relevant can be in this area areas. Initiatives in a wide range of countries, found including the , a three-day international international , a three-day DanceAble on dance and disability symposium Holland Dance organised by was on a pre- built The event in 2015. dance course on integrated existing which Dance Holland first launched in 2014. Arts organises a biennial conference as Arts known on arts and disability, Activated of people with the accomplishment disability in the arts as to as well foster present best practice and to exchange. knowledge Similar initiatives include the Similar initiatives Arts all for by 2014, in 2009, and updated Creative and Arts Aotearoa Access Zealand New

158 157 , for for a guide practical

, a range of organisations representing people with disabilities, collecting good and stressing the practice examples importance culture. of access to Later, non-profit organisation non-profit Later, with support from EUCREA France, published the Ministry, a rights-based which provides in the field of culture approach In several countries, public bodies In several in the and organisations active often field of culture and disability, operating in partnership, have guides and toolkits, produced improve to practical tools other in this field among cultural work relevant and other professionals stakeholders. In France guides on culture and disability including a guide on the several dimensions of accessibility in culture, one on accessibility in the performing arts on and a guide and intellectual cultural facilities published between disabilities, were the Ministry by and 2010 2007 of Culture and Communication. Toolkits and Toolkits Guidebooks Training and and Training

156 capacity-building

has developed has developed Protibandhi Kallyan Kallyan , Protibandhi Measures enhancing the capacities and skills of organisations representing people with disabilities other are often by established organisations. In civil society Bangladesh called Persons an approach to with Disabilities Self-Initiative (PSID), a rights- Development that based, holistic approach persons with all types empowers responsibility take of disabilities to the initiation, participationfor of development and ownership 23 the years, Over processes. organisations representing been people with disabilities have Bangladesh. established across project of a related The evaluation by that activities conducted found the organisations benefitting from an this support to had contributed increase in cultural participation among people with disabilities. The improvement of conditions for the access and and access the for of conditions The improvement participation life disabilities in cultural with of people whichmeasures also demands capacities the build of representatives of organisations active in the field as of other cultural as well disability, and of culture countries, several In organisations. and professionals this to adopted measures of found been has evidence end, as described hereafter. Capacity-building of organisations active in the field of culture Somity (BPKS) and disability 3.3.6. practical tools guides and other produced toolkits, produced toolkits, partnership, have operating in disability, often disability, of culture and active in the field in active organisations bodies and countries, public In several In several

46 / 47 48 / 49

, , as

– ’s National Arts for All networks Arts All networks for . In many other other . In many ’s Arts Australia Access s EUCREA France countries, umbrella organisations in the field of and federations France’ on Art,National Federation Culture Spain and Disability, Zealand New Federation on ArtFederation and Disability of Arts a joint initiative up as set and Creative Aotearoa Access well as the local well n several countries, networks countries, networks In several organisations bringing together in the field of culture and active been established. disability have include examples Significant Australia the transfer of the transfer and knowledge practices, among others partnerships Networks and Networks Often linked to some of the areas of activity outlined outlined activity of areas some of the Often to linked capacity-building arts including development, above, measures awareness-raising, and organisations for in the field of culture a range of partnershipsform involving networks and disabilityand can take the affairs social stakeholdersof disability, culture, in of new The setting-up areas. relevant other and scaling to contribute partnerships may networks and reach,the enhance and projects, impact existing up projects, and organisations visibility of individual and with disabilities of people the rights for advocating practices, and of knowledge facilitatingtransfer the common vision, from a the among others. Resulting often can sign a as be seen of networks emergence of maturity. The setting-up of partnershipsnew and networks to contribute may scaling up existing projects, enhance the reach, impact and visibility of individual organisations and projects, the for advocating rights of people with disabilities and facilitating 3.3.8. 167 168 United United , the Ministry of France Culture and Communication the annual established in 2011 for All, Heritage ‘Heritage for , which recognises Each’ Award a heritage institutions that develop and sustainable significant, integral people accessibility for to approach with all kinds of disabilities. in this area include Other initiatives and of websites the setting-up means of dissemination. other The Disability Arts International presenting and newsletter, website the from experiences countries, as Kingdom and other in this report,mentioned elsewhere thereof. The is a good example an which emerged from website, promote aims to EU-funded project, of the current generation the work of artists with disabilities, disabled- arts and inclusive led companies as the organisations, as well in which artsways organisations the artsare increasing access to people with disabilities as for audiences and visitors. Significant contributions and awareness-raising to communication can also be made the official recognition through of places and institutions which broadening to contribute positively opportunities people with for participatedisabilities to in cultural In life.

, an communication , developed , developed 166 Meanwhile, the Meanwhile,

165 , the Province of Gyeonggi has of Gyeonggi , the Province Often, awareness-raising, Often, awareness-raising, communication and visibility of the form culture and disability take arts and other events of festivals addressing the general public. In Korea strengthened collaboration between its Mental Health Commission and which major arts festivals, several the stage where to provided have present performing and visual arts major mental health to related work issues, including depression and its raise as to as well consequences, about them. Cultural awareness been identified as an have festivals visibility give to setting adequate present artistic to these topics, to people suffering done by work positively mental illnesses and to All the affect their recovery. community mental health centres part taken in have in the province the partnership and contributed its activities. to As already noted, programmes and projects in the field the in projects and programmes noted, already As oftendisability and of culture raising to contribute people of potential and rights the about awareness life. in cultural including in society, disabilities with many in below, presented examples the by As proven a hold some measures Europe and of Asia countries reachaim to and visible component communication the general public. Mental Health Noise in of artistinitiative Ikeshiro Ryo partnership with a mental health Poland centre in Lublin, of performancesa set in public with the aim of spaces in July 2016, challenging preconceptions about people with mental disabilities as ‘what and health issues, as well music is or should be’. Awareness-raising and and Awareness-raising 3.3.7. in cultural life society, including society, disabilities in of people with and potential and potential about the rights raising awareness raising awareness often to contribute and disability field of culture projects in the Programmes and

48 / 49 50 / 51 culture and disability in Asia, disability in Asia, culture and remains Pacific and the Europe increasing despite a challenge, and partnerships.exchanges brings EUCREA and the , France , first known as EUCREA , first known Sweden The establishment of permanent in the networks and field of culture Asia, disability in the Europe and remains Pacific a challenge, increasing despite and exchanges partnerships Arts Sciences as and Technology, partner. and evaluation research the Line Crossing Similarly, three theatre companies together from Kingdom and will lead to United involving productions three new artists learning disabilities and with be held in to festival a showcase in January 2017. France, Roubaix, been have Some initiatives establish permanent launched to involving networks cross-national different countries in the ASEM space. Among them is International which defines itself as the Europe, the for association ‘International opportunities of equal for promotion people with disabilities in the areas of art, as culture and media’, as well Disability a member of the European an international Following Forum. held in Melbourne in conference Art an Asia Pacific and Mental 2011, established, was Health Network art bring together and to in order the Asia- mental health leaders from experiences. to share regions Pacific there is no evidence However, activities, and in of subsequent of the establishment general terms in the field of permanent networks ),

, and Unlimited Unlimited , and which ), Candoco Dance has been set up has been set Portugal , the project , the project Germany Greece and project, involving partners involving project, European Commission’s European Disability Arts International Un-Label Un-Label More recently, website. Inclusive for Grounds – New ArtsPerforming address the stigmatisation that to affects with disabilities, people of mobility the promotion through and collaboration among artists with and without disabilities from deal with new to Europe, all over forms and innovative inclusive in the performing arts. Between that it is expected and 2017, 2015 artists 100 will be approximately in the project, involved actively and a range of performing arts will and symposiums productions Led the initiative. also result from e.V. Sommertheater Pusteblume by in Cologne, Synergy of Music also involves Theatre ( Kingdom) and (United Company the Development the Association for (Turkeyof Social and Cultural Life of as the Cologne University as well Several cross- Several projects national culture addressing and disability have in Europe advantage taken of the European Commission’s Europe Creative programme of the programme Europe Creative its predecessors, including the Culture 2000 and Culture (2007- Among them programmes. 2013) is the aforementioned Access in the United Kingdom, Croatia Greece the setting-up to led, among others, of the ) and UK Arts and project, resulting project, held in Singapore signed in 2015 signed in 2015 Memorandum of and the British Council Unfixed ), Unlimited ( ), Unlimited One early result of this 169 by the National Arts the National by Council of Singapore Kingdom), which includes a (United aimed section on arts and disability, at sharing best practices on how the arts in enriching can bring value health to and contributing lives in the disability and well-being sector. established across national borders. borders. national across established of international These examples by be initiated may cooperation society civil or by public authorities as shown organisations, or private and may below, the examples by similar aims respond to be seen to in previous as those presented additional paragraphs, with an transnational dimension. A significant international partnership public bodies between is that of the Understanding collaboration was the collaboration was Disability Forum which presented 2016, in March the from and experiences speakers UK and Singapore and is expected become an annual event. to of bilateral example Another arts by cooperation, initiated organisation, is the development multi-year (UK). This partnership,Watershed Council for the Australia funded by the Arts, Arts and South Australia enables Australia, Council British the artists creatively with disabilities to of the determination investigate bodies as ‘disabled’ or ‘abled’. residency a first creative Following involving in 2015, in Australia the artists each country, five from has taken second edition of Unfixed place in the UK in 2016. projects cross-national Several addressing culture and disability advantage taken have in Europe from a collaboration between a collaboration between from Art for & Network the Australian Access2Arts (ANAT), Technology (Australia ,

,

Switzerland IntegrART project IntegrART Memorandum cooperative society Migros has Migros society cooperative the developed which supports the inclusion of artistshas with disabilities and strengthening to contributed partnerships among and networking and festivals and new existing in this field. venues and disability which includes a section on arts Partnerships in and networks the field of culture and disability in some instances been have (United Kingdom), British Council networking International and cooperation Singapore and the Arts Council of by the National the National by the of Understanding signed in 2015 bodies is that of between public between partnership international international A significant In addition to permanent, broad permanent, broad to In addition partnershipsnetworks, among with a more different stakeholders approach thematic, time-specific be established. In may disability may involve working working involve may disability in the projects or thematic groups field of culture.

50 / 51 52 / 53 , 174 , the League for , the League for , a new , a new In Germany 172 173 other stakeholders, with particular stakeholders, other social and cultural on the emphasis participation of underrepresented with including people groups, disabilities. advocacy for Research purposes civil society by Often initiated organisations and bodies disabilities, with people representing some reports and studies may of raising awareness to contribute challenges obstacles and existing the adoption of for and advocating In the policies and measures. new Czech Republic in the Rights of People has been mapping the accessibility more than for of cultural sites a decade, and uses modern and communication information this end. to technologies bringing together researchers researchers bringing together up in 2015. and experts,set was being Among the main issues are the training analysed at present development and professional opportunities artists for and culture with disabilities. professionals which has held two The Network, the is supported by workshops, Culture for Commissioner Federal and Media. Network on Culture and Inclusion Network , a knowledge , a knowledge Demos Research centre established in Flanders, participation address Belgium, to and democracy in the context and sportsof culture, youth policies, which regularly collects information and disseminates culture on the relation between Demos’ activities and disability. include the publication of books and magazines, the organisation and workshops of symposia, of and the provision events other public authorities and advice to of evaluation in programmes and in programmes of evaluation in the field of culture projects to and disability also contributes base in enhancing the knowledge the basis provide this area and may policymaking and subsequent for design. programme Research bodies Research and networks In some countries, specific bodies with the been entrusted have in the analysis of developments and field of culture and disability, been have networks research established. One significant case in point is a series , a report

Finland Sweden By performing 171 Similarly, as explained as explained Similarly,

170 similar analyses regularly, it is similar analyses regularly, trends and monitor possible to of measures analyse the impact the integration Similarly, adopted. Baseline research, and monitoring evaluation In some countries, regular research In some countries, regular research on the participationis conducted of people with disabilities in cultural the basis provides and this life design policies and on which to In programmes. on access to culture among people on access to the with disabilities published by Arts Swedish was Council in 1998 action the basis of subsequent plans in this field, including the ensure adoption of measures to public accessibility to universal facilities. in section 3.2, in of reports at the turn conducted the of the century also provided policymaking. subsequent basis for Kingdom in the United Similarly, major policy documents on several been culture and disability have existing from with data backed research and other surveys documents.

3.3.9. limited in limited places many field remains evidence in this evidence Research and Research The relative newness of policies and researchthat serves space ASEM of the countries explain to disability in many programmes in the field of cultureand evidence in and this field remains limited in many places. As data presented objectives, several in to contribute research may this report however, has shown, and access the for needs and challenges obstacles, of identification the including participationevaluation and analysis the and disabilities with of people in culture be the subject of themes whichprogrammes. The diversity of policies and may should comprise both quantitative in this area of researchwork means that and datastudies, differentdisaggregated identifying including of disability, types this in identified be can initiatives and methodologies of set A studies. qualitative area, as described below.

52 / 53

54 / 55

On the basis of the evidence presented presented evidence of the the basis On section final 3, this 2 and in chapters findings some general presents and observations,as some as well member to addressed recommendations other as to well of ASEM, as countries in culture active stakeholders relevant Asia and Europe. across and disability

Chapter 4: Chapter

Recommendations Conclusions and 56 / 57 that much progress is still pending is still progress that much Asia of both countries in several and Europe. the as regards Some imbalances measures actual nature of the also be pointed may adopted out. The report that has shown cultural public authorities, many and organisations (theatre and museums dance companies, libraries, symphony heritage sites, disability NGOs, and halls, etc.), individual artists cultural and increasingly have professionals addressing engaged in measures the challenges of culture and contexts. diverse in many disability, of legislation There is also evidence be more but this may and policy, in some cases – indeed, it limited countries, as if, in many appear may on specific, focused efforts have often rather short-term projects, In than more structural approaches. initiatives new several recent years, in legislation and policy have emerged, and this type of measures in the develop should continue to near future, thus generating an specific for enabling environment measures on the ground. the individual measures As regards evidence significant adopted, in some of the has been found thematic areas analysed (e.g. arts accessibility projects, development artsmeasures in cultural facilities, whilst etc.), and disability festivals, aspects (e.g. access to some other artists for training and employment and with disabilities, research, appear to networking) international be less often covered.

Indeed, increasing awareness exists exists Indeed, increasing awareness about the universal at all levels nature of the rights of people with disabilities and about the fact and participationthat access to in culture are part of the desirable life which all human being should to this aspire – and that measures to public, by end should be adopted, stakeholders. and non-profit private phrased in terms always Whilst not of human rights, the adoption of measures in areas such as accessibility has become universal countries. inescapable in many and Within this global context, the limitations of this reportdespite (including language limitations and on online information), the focus suggest to there is also evidence that an unbalanced landscape among the exist continues to Several countries surveyed. long- countries have European established legislation and policy in with measures the field of disability, addressing participation in cultural and some Asian countries have life, this end. to also made progress certain it is not what to However, been similar measures have extent and it is certain elsewhere, adopted Conclusions

A vast array of array A vast in experiences the field of culture and disability have the over developed across Asia years and Europe, overall a wide covering range of artforms, disciplines, approaches and beneficiaries Evidence presented in this reportthis in presented Evidence demonstratesthat a vast array of experiences across years the over in developed have disability and the field of culture of a wide range covering overall Europe, Asia and artforms, disciplines, approaches and beneficiaries. standards adoptionBoth the of international in on the the UN Convention including this area, with Disabilities, increasing and Rights of Persons practitionersamong policymakers, and awareness basis of the lie at seem to organisations representative these developments. 4.1.

56 / 57 58 / 59 to , including an , including Further progress may also also may progress Further be necessary as regards research field of culture in the and disability of the needs identification and challenges existing, relevant consultations with and monitoring stakeholders of the legislation, and evaluation and policies, programmes as well implemented, projects impacts. as their results and yet, exist Where these do not adopted measures should be data ensure that statistical to into and takes is disaggregated types of ability account different and disability. for exists The potential cooperation international in the field and networking of culture and disability across Asia and Europe be enhanced. As this report relevant many has shown, and there is exist experiences of the increasing awareness in this area, but work need to remain mobility and networking be There appears to limited. supporta need to permanent the cross-national for networks and of experiences exchange and of projects the facilitation mechanisms establish other to the mobility of information, for and professionals. knowledge to This report has attempted an initial basis on which provide furtherto this exchange. 7. 8.

for for remains an potential of digitalpotential and underdeveloped area in many area in many underdeveloped countries, and one which should deserve more attention. participationpeople of Full as with disabilities in society, equal citizens, requires equal Of employment. access to in course, measures adopted areas, including funding other organisations and projects for in the field of culture and active indirectly are also disability, the broadening to conducive opportunities for professional people with disabilities, but will also initiatives more targeted generally be necessary. The mobile technologies to culture access to facilitate people with disabilities, including of the accessibility through and and contents information of interaction, the facilitation should be a priority at all levels. In this area, partnerships could be established with technology providers, Internet centres and other development agents in the sector. specialised training to Access in the and employment people for cultural sector with disabilities 5. 6. cross- attention should should attention Recommendations be paid to developments at developments be paid to , within cities the local level since it is here that and towns, and participationaccess to in place. primarily take cultural life of local resources The availability rights enshrined in make to law and national international should be considered, effective and measures enabling local local and other governments policies and implement to actors in this area and programmes good practices should exchange be adopted. sectorial partnershipssectorial , including organisations and professionals social culture, disability, from affairs among and education, of taking advantage and others, expertise resources and other within public available and authorities, civil society Where these sector. the private and committees exist, do not gathering all groups working should be stakeholders relevant up. set Particular Progress in this area can in this Progress through be fostered 4. 3. Drawing on the findings of the report and of the report on the findings Drawing and the conclusions outlined above, the following following the above, outlined conclusions the context current the improve aim to recommendations and programmes policies, disability and of culture and Europe: projects in Asia

which

mainstreaming support demonstrative,

contribute to raising awareness awareness raising to contribute people with of the need for part fully take in disabilities to and of the potential cultural life High- in this area. of initiatives the provide can projects profile build longer- basis on which to strategies, structural term, including the mainstreaming Furthermore, and particularlyFurthermore, in those countries which have experience had more limited in the field of culture of work there is a and disability so far, need to Efforts be continue to should made towards disability across cultural policies, programmes and , including in the initiatives of public cultural bodies work and organisations and other in cultural active stakeholders in this Of course, steps life. with direction should be provided in including resources, adequate of funding and capacity- terms building of organisations and and could take professionals, of expertiseadvantage existing within individual countries and in the ASEM space. elsewhere projects illustrative of disability issues across policies all relevant and programmes. . 2.

1 4.2.

58 / 59 60 / 61

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ Asian and Pacific Decade of Asian and Pacific with Disabilities, 2013- Persons from retrieved 2022’ (2012), http://www.maketherightreal. net/incheon-strategy/ ministerial-declaration-asian- and-pacific-decade-persons- disabilities-2013-2022 the on Nations, Convention United with Disabilities Rights of Persons at (2006), Articleavailable 1, http://www.un.org/disabilities/ convention/conventionfull.shtml on Economic, UN Committee Social and Cultural Rights (2009), part take in to ‘Right of everyone (art. para. 1(a), cultural life 15, on Covenant of the International Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, General Comment nº21, from Retrieved E/C.12/GC/21. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/ bodies/cescr/docs/gc/E-C-12- GC-21.doc European Commission (2010). (2010). Commission European 2010- Disability Strategy European a to Commitment 2020: A Renewed Communication Europe. Barrier-Free the Parliament, the European to Economic Council, the European and the and Social Committee of the Regions, Committee Retrieved 636 final. COM(2010) from LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM: 2010:0636:FIN:en:PDF Declaration on the ‘Ministerial

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Author About the About Jordi Baltà Portoles works as a freelance consultant as a freelance PortolesJordi Baltà works policy and of cultural areas in the trainer and affairs, international with a particularinterest in in sustainableof culture place the diversity, cultural relations. He cultural international and development, of United Committee Culture the for works currently Asia- the and (UCLG) Local Governments Cities and (ASEMUS), among others. Network Museum Europe a researchercoordinator project and he was Previously the coordinated he where Interarts the at Foundation, ExpertEuropean (EENC) on Culture between Network UNESCO Expert member of the He is a 2014. and 2011 on implementation the Convention of the for Facility U40 network Expressions, the of Cultural Diversity the 2030’, Catalan the board of the Diversity ‘Cultural Managersof Cultural Association the (APGCC) and at teaches Jordi Interartsthe of board Foundation. Open the of Management Cultural in MA Online the University of CataloniaUniversity(UOC) the of and Degree in International as the Girona (UdG), as well of Universitat Ramon Llull (URL). He holds Relations University (Autonomous Science a BA in Political Policy Cultural in European MA a and of Barcelona) (University of Warwick).

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12 13 14 9 10 11 5 6 7 8

The author is grateful to Ryo Ryo to grateful author is The Claire Reuter, Lisette Ikeshiro, Wilson and Katrin Rosslyn provided information Wölger for in the course of the research Anupama to as as well exercise, Riccardi Sekhar and Valentina at ASEF. Among the issues that lie that lie the issues Among of the reportoutside the scope is legislation on the status of the artist, which, where artists’ to often refers available, health, pension and right to disability insurance. However, this should be understood as a measure in the field of labour legislation applying to rather cultural professionals, than a specific measure meant people with disabilities or for the adaptation of cultural to organisations and policies to and legislation them. Likewise, policies in the field of non- been not discrimination have where these except covered, addressed disability explicitly the and culture. Nevertheless, adoption and effectiveness of legislation and policies in the areas of human rights and fundamental freedoms, combat including measures to discrimination and relevant mechanisms, should monitoring as a fundamental be understood the for principle that provides of policies and effectiveness measures in the field of culture and disability. the United Kingdom, Viet Nam, Nam, Kingdom, Viet the United and the the ASEAN Secretariat, Union. European http://www.aseminfoboard.org/ 4 3

The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Meeting Asia-Europe The forum is an intergovernmental dialogue and cooperation for deepen to established in 1996 Asia and relations between which addresses Europe, political, economic and socio- cultural issues of common concern. ASEM brings together 53 partners Asian and (21 countries, the 30 European and the ASEAN Secretariat, The 53 Union). European ASEM Partners are Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Austria, Darussalam, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Finland, Estonia, Denmark, Greece, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Ireland, Italy, the Lao PDR, Latvia, Korea, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mongolia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, , Pakistan, Zealand, Norway, New the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, the Russian Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, Federation, Spain, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Thailand, The UN Convention on the Rights on the Rights UN Convention The with Disabilities was of People on 13 York in New adopted came into December 2006 and 2008, upon on 3 May force Parties. by 20 State ratification it has 2016, As of October Parties,168 by been ratified including all ASEM countries the as by Ireland, as well except of The full text Union. European at is available the Convention http://www.un.org/disabilities/ convention/conventionfull.shtml 2 1

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