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BAB EL-GASUS in CONTEXT of Materials; and Finally, Diversity and Meaning of Ultimately Affecting Funerary and Burial Practices in Ancient Egypt

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BAB EL-GASUS in CONTEXT of Materials; and Finally, Diversity and Meaning of Ultimately Affecting Funerary and Burial Practices in Ancient Egypt 4 ALESSIA AMENTA This book gathers a collection of studies by leading is curator of the Department of Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Antiquities of the Vatican Museums. Currently she coordinates the Vatican Coffin Project, an international team project for the study and con- scholars on the Tomb of the Priests of Amun (Bab servation of the ‘yellow coffins’ of the Third Intermediate Period; as well as the the Progetto Sekhmet, for the el-Gasus), where the burials of 153 individuals who study of the hundreds of Sekhmet statues realized during the reign of Amenhotep III, with the collaboration st of ‘The Colossi of Memnon and Amenhotep III Temple Conservation Project’ and the Museo Egizio in Tu- lived under the 21 Dynasty have been unearthed, rin; and the Progetto Orazio Marucchi, an international team project for the study and virtual reconstruction revealing the largest undisturbed tomb ever found of the Vatican Egyptian papyri collection. She participates in the international ‘Gate of the Priests Project’ in Egypt. This is the first publication to present a for the study and the reconstruction of the Bab el-Gasus cache. Curator of the Vatican Coffin Conference, aimed at sharing the work of all those involved in the study of coffins every four years. Scientific advisor at the coherent vision of this find, with papers addressing Museo Egizio in Turin and at the Centro Conservazione e Restauro ‘La Venaria Reale’, Turin, for the study a variety of topics including: the reorganization of and conservation of the Egyptian wooden coffins. Director of the Series ‘Egitto Antico’; Publishing House: st L’Erma di Bretschneider, Rome. Co-Editor of the ‘Gate of the Priests’ Series; Publishing House: Brill Pub- the Theban necropolis under the 21 Dynasty; the lishers, Leiden. L’Acqua nell’antico Egitto: Vita, Rigenerazione, Incantesimo, Medicamento (L’Erma Di sociological significance of the burials, as well as the Bretschneider, 2005); Il faraone. Uomo, sacerdote, dio (Salerno Editore, 2006); Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, Vatican Museums, 19-22 June 2013, (Edizioni Musei Vaticani 2017; Proceed- funerary goods associated with them; the history of ings of the Second Vatican Coffin Conference, Vatican Museums, 6-9 June 2017 (Edizioni Musei Vaticani, the collections that had been given away to foreign in press). countries in 1893, including their reception and KATHLYN M. COONEY subsequent treatment in museums around the is professor of Egyptian Art and Architecture and Chair of the Department of Near Eastern Languages world and in Egypt; carpentry and decoration of and Cultures at UCLA. Cooney’s research in coffin reuse, primarily focusing on the 21st Dynasty, is ongoing and will appear in her new book Recycling for Death, to be published with American University anthropoid coffins, using non-invasive analysis Press. Her research investigates the socioeconomic and political turmoil that have plagued the period, BAB EL-GASUS IN CONTEXT of materials; and finally, diversity and meaning of ultimately affecting funerary and burial practices in ancient Egypt. This project has taken her around the world over the span of a dozen years to study and document more than 300 coffins in collections around REDISCOVERING THE TOMB OF THE PRIESTS OF AMUN coffin decoration. The volume releases the papers the world, including Cairo, London, Paris, Berlin, and Vatican City. Cooney has also published a volume first presented at the international conference held on Ramesside coffin economics with the 2007 The Cost of Death: The Social and Economic Value of at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon Ancient Egyptian Funerary Art in the Ramesside Period. She also focuses on gender studies and power th with two trade books, The Woman Who Would Be King: Hatshepsut’s Rise to Power in Ancient Egypt to celebrate the 125 Anniversary of the discovery (Crown Publishing Group, 2014) and When Women Ruled the World: Six Queens of Egypt (National Edited by of the Tomb. Geographic Press, 2018). Rogério Sousa, Alessia Amenta ROGÉRIO SOUSA is Professor of Egyptology and Ancient History at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Lisbon. He has been studying coffin decoration during the 21st Dynasty from an art historical perspective, focus- and Kathlyn M. Cooney ing into the principles of composition, symbolism and social significance of coffins in Thebes. Currently he coordinates the Gate of the Priests Project aiming at the inventory and integrated study and publication of the objects found in the Tomb of the Priests of Amun (Bab el-Gasus) in Thebes. Under this project he has been studying an extensive collection of objects dispersed around the world. He is Co-Editor of the ‘Gate of the Priests’ Series; Publishing House: Brill Publishers, Leiden. Over the last years he has published a number of works in this domain: The Tomb of the Priests of Amun. Burial Assemblages in the Egyptian Museum of Florence Gate of the Priests Series Volume 1 (Brill, 2018); Gleaming Coffins. Ico- nography and Symbolism in Theban Coffin Decoration (21st Dynasty): Vol. I: The Sheltering Sky (Coim- bra University Press, 2018); Gilded Flesh: Coffins and Afterlife in Ancient Egypt (Oxbow, 2019); Burial assemblages from Bab el-Gasus in the Geographical Society of Lisbon (Brepols, 2017); Body, Cosmos & Eternity: New Research Trends in the Symbolism of Coffins in ancient Egypt (Archaeopress, 2014). BAB EL-GASUS IN CONTEXT AA.VV. - BAB EL-GASUS IN CONTEXT ISBN 978-88-913-2068-1 On the cover: Coffin lid of Djedmutiuesankh (detail) at the Geographical ISSN 0081-6299 «L’ERMA» «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Society of Lisbon. Drawing by Rogério Sousa. Amenta EA Babel DEF X STAMPA.indd 1 21/12/20 12:51 EGITTO ANTICO Photo taken during the clearance of the tomb on the 5th February 1891 (from the archives of the Collège de France. Éugène Grébaut, Mohamed Abd el-Rassoul and Georges Daressy stand in the center). BAB EL-GASUS IN CONTEXT REDISCOVERING THE TOMB OF THE PRIESTS OF AMUN Edited by ROGÉRIO SOUSA, ALESSIA AMENTA AND KATHLYN M. COONEY 2021 «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Roma - Bristol EGITTO ANTICO Collana diretta da Alessia Amenta Volume 4 This activity was supported by National Funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the project UIDB/04311/2020 and IUDP/04311/2020 No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the owners of the rigths and the publisher is available to beneficiaries for any iconographic sources © 2021 «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Via Marianna Dionigi, 57 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 00193 Roma – Italia Bristol, CT 06010 – USA www.lerma.it [email protected] Tutti i diritti riservati. È vietata la riproduzione di testi ed illustrazioni senza il permesso scritto dell’Editore Progetto grafico «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER Sistemi di garanzia della qualità UNI EN ISO 9001:2015 Sistemi di gestione ambientale ISO 14001:2015 Egitto antico 4 - Bab el-Gasus in Context - R. Sousa, A. Amenta and K. M. Cooney - «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER®, 2021 – 594 p. ; 24 cm. ISSN 0081-6299 ISBN 978-88-913-2068-1 (cartaceo) ISBN 978-88-913-2071-1 (digitale) CDD 299.31 1. EGITTO ANTICO Stampato nel rispetto dell’ambiente su carta proveniente da zone a deforestazione controllata. CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................................................................................... 9 ROGÉRIO SOUSA, ALESSIA AMENTA AND KATHLEEN M. COONEY Introduction: Remembering the Tomb of the Priests of Amun .................... 11 PART I BAB EL-GASUS AND ITS TIME DAVID A. ASTON The Royal Cache: The history of TT 320 ..................................................... 31 SUSANNE BICKEL Retrieving the king’s treasure – reburying the king’s body: Contexts of the 21st Dynasty activities in the Valley of the Kings ............... 69 GIACOMO CAVILLIER ‘Bab el-Maâleg’ tomb: Considerations and perspectives about an hypothetic royal cache .................................................................................................... 81 NIGEL STRUDWICK Observations on the sources of the coffins reused in the 21st Dynasty ......... 91 KATHLYN M. COONEY The Bab el-Gasus coffin cache and patterns of reuse ................................... 109 ROGÉRIO SOUSA The Tomb of the Priests of Amun and the ‘restoration’ of the Theban necropolis ..................................................................................................... 137 6 CONTENTS PART II THE AFTERLIFE OF THE PRIESTS OF AMUN FRANCE JAMEN The entourage of the High Priests of Amun during the 21st Dynasty: A new examination of the Bab el-Gasus funerary equipment ...................... 169 ALBA MARÍA VILLAR GÓMEZ Beyond Amun: The Servants of Khonsu at Bab el-Gasus ............................ 193 GIUSEPPINA LENZO An overview of the funerary papyri from Bab el-Gasus .............................. 211 ÉVA LIPTAY Statuettes of Isis and Nephthys in Bab el-Gasus: Traces of the mortuary ritual practice in Thebes during the 21st Dynasty ......................................... 235 JAN MOJE A brief overview of the Bab el-Gasus ushebtis within the collections and exhibitions of the Ägyptisches Museum in Berlin ....................................... 249 PART III ‘OUT OF EGYPT’: STUDIES ON THE FOREIGN LOTS OF BAB EL-GASUS MYKOLA TARASENKO The Lot VI of Bab el-Gasus in the light of the new archive documents ......... 263 NIKA LAVRENTYEVA The Khedive’s Gift: The ‘lost’ coffin of Iusankh in the Pushkin Museum .......................................................................................................
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