E1500 Arab Republic of Egypt v2 Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework for Greater Cairo Natural Gas Connections Project

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized 27 September 2007

ESIAF EGAS

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practical AST Above-ground Storage Tank CULTNAT Center for Documentation Of Cultural and Natural Heritage CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics EDHS Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EGAS Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company ESDV Emergency Shut Down Valve ESIAF Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework ESMMF Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework FGD Focus Group Discussion HDR Human Development Report HP High Pressure HSE Health Safety and Environment IGEM Institute of Gas Engineers and Managers GASCO Egyptian Natural Gas Company GCR Greater Cairo Region LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LFL Lower Flammable Limit LP Low Pressure MOSEA Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NG Natural Gas NGO Non-Governmental Organizations PE Poly Ethylene PPM Parts Per Million PRS Pressure Reduction Station PSV Pressure Safety Valve QRA Quantitative Risk Assessment RAP Resettlement Action Plan

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RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SFD Social Fund for Development Town Gas The Egyptian Company for Natural Gas Distribution for Cities UNDP United Nations Development Programme UFL Upper Flammable Limit UST Underground Storage Tank WB The World Bank $ United States Dollars

Exchange Rate: US$ / L.E. = 5.68 as of 19 April 2007

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS...... 4 1. Introduction...... 10 1.1 Background...... 10 1.2 Objectives of the Study...... 11 1.3 Contributors ...... 11 2. Legislative and Regulatory Consideration...... 13 2.1 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislation in Egypt...... 13 2.1.1 Law 217/1980 for Natural Gas ...... 13 2.1.2 Law 4/1994 for the Environment...... 13 2.1.3 Law 38/1967 for General Cleanliness...... 16 2.1.4 Law 93/1962 for Wastewater...... 16 2.1.5 Law 48/1982 for Protection of River Nile and Watercourses...... 17 2.1.6 Law 117/1983 for Protection of Antiquities ...... 17 2.2 World Bank Guidelines and Safeguard Policies...... 18 2.2.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment...... 18 2.2.2 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources ...... 19 2.2.3 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement...... 19 3. Project Description...... 20 3.1 Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Network...... 20 3.2 Natural Gas Network in Greater Cairo ...... 21 3.3 Project Objectives...... 23 3.4 Estimated Costs...... 23 3.5 Covered Districts and Coverage Plan ...... 23 3.6 Project Components...... 33 3.7 Description of Preconstruction and Construction Phase...... 34 3.7.1 Planning and system design...... 34 3.7.2 Mobilization of equipment, materials and workers ...... 34 3.7.3 Construction under normal conditions...... 34 3.7.3.1 Site preparation and excavation...... 34 3.7.3.2 Pipe lying...... 35 3.7.3.3 Filling and road repair...... 35 3.7.3.4 Normal schedule for line construction...... 35 3.7.4 Special crossings...... 36 3.7.5 Testing...... 36 3.7.6 Connections...... 37 3.7.7 Conversion ...... 37 3.7.8 Construction works for PRSs and regulators...... 37 3.8 Description of Operation Phase ...... 37 3.8.1 PRS Operation...... 37 3.8.1.1 Inlet stage...... 37 3.8.1.2 Filtration stage...... 38 3.8.1.3 Heating stage...... 38 3.8.1.4 Reduction stage...... 38 3.8.1.5 Measuring stage...... 38

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3.8.1.6 Odorizing stage...... 38 3.8.1.7 Outlet stage...... 39 3.8.2 Operation of the network ...... 39 3.8.3 Repairs in residential units...... 39 4. Description of the Environment...... 40 4.1 Location and Land Use ...... 40 4.1.1 General...... 40 4.1.2 Proposed Locations of PRSs...... 44 4.1.2.1 El Haram PRS...... 44 4.1.2.2 New Cairo PRS...... 45 4.1.2.3 El Mokattam PRS ...... 46 4.1.2.4 El Shorouk PRS ...... 48 4.1.2.5 El Tebbin PRS...... 49 4.2 Climate...... 51 4.3 Air Quality...... 51 4.4 Geology...... 53 4.4.1 General outlines...... 53 4.4.2 Geomorphology ...... 54 4.4.3 Tectonic Frameworks...... 54 4.5 Groundwater ...... 55 4.5.1 Groundwater Flow...... 55 4.5.2 Hydraulic Parameters...... 55 4.5.3 Recharge and Discharge ...... 55 4.5.4 Hydrochemistry...... 55 4.5.5 Groundwater Fluctuation and Rising Problems...... 56 4.6 Surface Water...... 56 4.7 Flora and Fauna...... 58 4.7.1 Flora ...... 58 4.7.2 Fauna...... 58 4.8 Traffic ...... 59 4.8.1 Types of roads in Greater Cairo...... 59 4.8.2 Existing Traffic Data for GCR Urban Road System: ...... 59 4.9 Structural Integrity of Buildings ...... 65 4.9.1 Load Bearing Masonry Walls ...... 65 4.9.2 Skeleton type structural System...... 65 4.9.3 Mixed Systems:...... 66 4.9.4 Most Common Structural Problems...... 66 4.10 Culturally Valuable Sites ...... 66 4.10.1 The Giza Plateau...... 66 4.10.2 Monuments and Historical Buildings of Old Cairo ...... 66 4.10.3 Architecturally Valuable Buildings in Greater Cairo ...... 69 4.11 Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators ...... 69 4.11.1 Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of Greater Cairo ...... 69 4.11.2 Geography...... 69 4.11.3 Administrative Districts...... 69 4.11.4 Basic Demographic Characteristics ...... 71 4.11.4.1 Population ...... 71 4.11.4.2 Age Structure...... 72

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4.11.4.3 Birth Rate...... 72 4.11.4.4 Death Rate...... 72 4.11.4.5 Rate of Natural Increase...... 72 4.11.4.6 Handicapped ...... 72 4.11.5 Living Conditions...... 73 4.11.5.1 Household Size and Density ...... 73 4.11.5.2 Access to Electricity ...... 73 4.11.5.3 Source of Potable Water ...... 73 4.11.5.4 Sanitation ...... 73 4.11.6 Human Development Profile ...... 74 4.11.6.1 Education ...... 74 4.11.6.2 Work Status...... 74 4.11.6.3 Economic Wellbeing...... 76 5. Potentially Significant Environmental and Social Impacts ...... 77 5.1 Positive Impacts...... 77 5.2 Potentially Negative Impacts during Construction...... 77 5.2.1 Reduction of Traffic Flow ...... 78 5.2.1.1 Impacts on Arterial Road System ...... 78 5.2.1.2 Impacts on Local Street System...... 79 5.2.2 Air Emissions...... 79 5.2.3 Noise ...... 80 5.2.4 Risk on Infrastructure ...... 80 5.2.5 Effects on Some Structures...... 80 5.2.6 Effect on Culturally Valuable Sites ...... 81 5.2.7 Waste Disposal...... 82 5.2.8 Potential Impacts of PRS Construction...... 83 5.2.9 Social Impacts During Construction...... 83 5.3 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation...... 85 5.3.1 Improper handling of the Odorant ...... 85 5.3.2 Noise of PRS...... 85 5.3.3 Safety Aspects of PRS Operation ...... 88 5.3.4 Social impacts During Operation...... 90 6. Analysis of Alternatives...... 92 6.1 No Project Alterative...... 92 6.2 Sequence of progressing Alternatives...... 93 6.3 Routing Alternatives...... 93 7. Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework...... 95 7.1 Objectives of the ESMMF ...... 95 7.2 Management and Monitoring activities During Construction Phase...... 95 7.2.1 Management of Traffic ...... 95 7.2.2 Management of Air Emissions...... 96 7.2.3 Management of Noise...... 97 7.2.4 Management of Excavation Activities Posing Risk on Infrastructure...... 97 7.2.5 Management of Dewatering Activities Posing Risk on Structures Stability 98 7.2.6 Management of Culturally Valuable Sites...... 98 7.2.7 Management of Waste Disposal ...... 99 7.3 Management and Monitoring activities During Operation Phase...... 108 7.3.1 Management of Odorant Handling ...... 108

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7.3.2 Management of Repairs and Maintenance...... 109 7.3.3 Management of PRS noise...... 109 7.3.4 Mitigation Measures for PRS Safety Aspects...... 110 7.3.5 Mitigation Measures for Social Impacts during operation ...... 111 7.4 Reporting of Mitigation and Monitoring Activities...... 117 7.5 Criteria for selecting PRS locations...... 118 7.6 Institutional Framework for Implementation...... 119 7.6.1 Existing Environmental Management Structure of the Implementing Agency 119 7.6.2 Required Resources...... 120 7.6.3 Estimated Budget...... 122 8. Public Consultation...... 123 8.1 First Public Consultation...... 123 8.2 Second Public Consultation ...... 124 Annex 1: List of experts contributed in preparation of the ESIA Framework Study ..... 126 Annex 2: Material Safety Data Sheet for the Normally Applied Odorant...... 128 Annex 3: Letters from Town Gas requesting identification for PRS locations from Local Councils ...... 137 Annex 4: Socioeconomic Statistics of Cairo and Giza Governorates...... 143 Annex 5: Questionnaire ...... 154 Annex 7: Socio-economic Analysis...... 163 Annex 8: Letter from Giza Governorate allocating disposal site of construction waste 176 Annex 9: First Public Consultation Report...... 178 Annex 10: Second Public Consultation Report ...... 196

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1: Noise intensity and maximum exposure periods in working environment..... 14 Table 2-2: Noise intensity and maximum number of intermitted impacts from heavy hammers...... 14 Table 2-3: The maximum permissible limit for noise intensity in the different areas...... 14 Table 2-4: Maximum limits for air pollutants in ambient air ...... 15 Table 2-5: Maximum limits air pollutants in vehicle emissions...... 16 Table 2-6: Some sites registered as antiquities in Greater Cairo...... 17 Table 3-1: Components of natural gas network currently serving Greater Cairo...... 23 Table 3-2: Coverage plan for Natural Gas Connections Project in Greater Cairo...... 25 Table 4-1: Mean monthly values of metrological parameters recorded in Giza Metrological Station between 1990 and 2004 ...... 51 Table 4-2: Annual averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 2005 ..... 52 Table 4-3: Number of violating days to the law in daily averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 2005 ...... 53 Table 4-4: Number of violating days to the law in hourly averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 2005 ...... 53 Table 4-5: Daily & Peak Hour Traffic Volume for Major Road Network ...... 60 Table 4-6: Peak Hour Level of Service for Major Road Network...... 61 Table 4-7: The Distribution of Areas by Administrative Districts ...... 70 Table 4-8: Unemployment rate” Statistical Year Book 2004. CAPMAS”...... 75 Table 4-9: Labor Force “Statistical Year Book 2004. CAPMAS” ...... 75 Table 5-1: Distance attenuation of noise predicted for one PRS and two adjacent PRSs 88 Table 5-2: Generic Extent of Damage Distances from PRS Leaks in Meters...... 89 Table 5-3: Number of individuals who got loans from the Social Fund to distribute LPG cylinders...... 91 Table 7-1: Environmental Management Matrix during construction ...... 101 Table 7-2: Environmental Monitoring Matrix during construction...... 106 Table 7-3: Estimated quantities of odorant containers and cost of disposal...... 109 Table 7-4: Environmental Management Matrix during operation...... 112 Table 7-5: Environmental Monitoring Matrix during operation...... 116 Table 7-6: Recommended Training Courses for EGAS/Town Gas staff ...... 121

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3-1: Natural Gas infrastructure in Egypt ...... 20 Figure 3-2: Flow Chart of the Natural Gas Network ...... 21 Figure 3-3: Natural Gas Network in Greater Cairo ...... 22 Figure 3-4: Districts Covered by the Project ...... 26 Figure 3-5: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Maadi and Dar El Salam ...... 27 Figure 3-6: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Helwan ...... 28 Figure 3-7: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Masr El Gedida...... 28 Figure 3-8: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Abbasia and Sharabeya ...... 29 Figure 3-9: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Down Town and Old Cairo ..... 29 Figure 3-10: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Nasr City ...... 30 Figure 3-11: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Wayly and Zawya El Hamra . 30 Figure 3-12: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Matarya...... 31 Figure 3-13: Covered Areas in first year of the project in New Cairo ...... 31 Figure 3-14: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Giza districts...... 32 Figure 4-1: Administrative areas in Greater Cairo ...... 41 Figure 4-2: Satellite image for Greater Cairo and Surroundings...... 42 Figure 4-3: Satellite Images for Cairo showing growth in urbanization between 1965 and 1998...... 43 Figure 4-4: Sketch showing propsed location of El Haram PRS (not to scale)...... 44 Figure 4-5: Sketch showing propsed location of New Cairo PRS (not to scale)...... 46 Figure 4-6: Sketch showing propsed location of El Mokattam PRS (not to scale) ...... 47 Figure 4-7: Sketch showing propsed location of El Shorouk PRS (not to scale) ...... 48 Figure 4-8: Sketch showing propsed location of El Tebbin PRS (not to scale) ...... 49 Figure 4-9: Watercourses passing through Greater Cairo...... 57 Figure 4-10: Main roads in Greater Cairo...... 62 Figure 4-11: Railway lines in Greater Cairo...... 63 Figure 4-12: Metro lines in Greater Cairo ...... 64 Figure 4-13: Overview of Greater Cairo monuments...... 67 Figure 4-14: Islamic monuments of Old Cairo – From CULTNAT with permission...... 68 Figure 5-1: Noie measurements at point 1 at source...... 86 Figure 5-2: Noise measurements at point 2 near staff offices ...... 86 Figure 5-3: Noise measurements at point 3 at house location ...... 87 Figure 7-1: Organizational Chart for Environmental Protection Department in EGAS. 119

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1. Introduction

1.1 Background1

Natural Gas was introduced to the Egyptian local market in 1975 when the first natural gas field ABU MADI was put on stream. As part of the energy strategy of the Egyptian Government, many projects have been implemented for promoting utilization of natural gas, covering both upstream and downstream operations. This has lead to achieving cumulative gas production, till 12/2004, of 1.5 TCF and gas consumption of about 34.5 billion cubic meters from July 2004 till June 2005 representing about 50% of the primary energy consumption in the country.

The Ministry of Petroleum has put a target to establish a natural gas network serving 6 million households within 6 years. Within this context, the Government has achieved considerable progress in developing natural gas infrastructure over the past decades. Several gas gathering and treatment facilities were built over the past 20 years, which have produced about 34.8 billion cubic meters of natural gas for the local market and export. A high efficiency gas transmission network of about 16,350 km, including high and medium pressure in addition to internal/external installations for industrial and domestic consumers and a capacity of 135 MMSCMD, has been gradually established following the expansion of the gas market.

This project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and its affiliate company the Egyptian Company for Natural Gas Distribution for Cities (Town Gas), with the Assistance of the World Bank.

The project would support the Government’s on-going program to expand the access to piped natural gas in the Greater Cairo area where the feasibility study prepared by Town Gas has estimated that approximately 2 million households can be connected to the network over the next 6 years. This number has been determined based on criteria established for suitability of connections taking into account issues related to safety and structural integrity of buildings. The rationale for the Government's program is to replace the consumption of the relatively more expensive Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), which to a large extent is imported, with the relatively cheaper piped natural gas, which in addition to reducing the energy sector subsidy burden will also provide consumers with greater safety through the extensive regulation of this product as well as enhanced convenience.

To enable the connections, significant upfront network investment is required. As such, network development and connections in household premises happen simultaneously across the targeted project area (Greater Cairo). Therefore, although the main features of the project have been identified; details of pipeline routings, exact locations of Pressure Reducing Stations, except one PRS, and city head regulators have not been confirmed at this stage. Such details will be completed during the course of implementation of the

1 Source of information and statistics presented in this section is the websites of Ministry of Petroleum and EGAS EcoConServ 10 ESIAF EGAS project. Furthermore, while a roll-out plan exists for the 2 million consumers, in reality the progress will vary depending on the status of contracts signed with customers. Nevertheless, over the proposed timeframe, the 2 million customers will be connected to the piped gas network.

Due to the nature extensive geographic coverage of the proposed project and the uncertainty as to the exact roll-out of the consumer connections and some of the associated network infrastructure, an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework (ESIAF) rather than a detailed Impact Assessment has been prepared. This Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Framework has been prepared following Terms of Reference prepared by EGAS, and cleared by the World Bank, aiming at providing an overview of the anticipated environmental and social safeguard issues related to natural gas distribution and connections to households in the Greater Cairo Area; and to develop environmental guidelines to be followed for the subsequent gradual phased implementation of the Project. The requirements of the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency for Environmental Impact Assessments of Oil and Gas Sector Projects, and the relevant World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies have been integrated in the preparation of this ESIAF.

It should be noted that there is a possibility for the extension of the project to also include the Governorate of Alexandria which is served by the same implementing agencies, namely EGAS and Town Gas. In that case, the proposed framework being developed for Cairo would apply, in addition to specific environmental and social issues relevant to Alexandria that would need to be assessed. The results will be reported as an amendment to the current ESIAF.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

The specific objectives of the study are to: - Assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the project in the project areas; - Compare the impacts in relation to relevant national and international requirements and guidelines; - Assess the environmental and safety guidelines typically practiced in the gas connection activities in Egypt, including the codes of safety and standards of operation used by EGAS and Town Gas; - Develop an environmental and social management and monitoring framework for the mitigation of the potentially negative impacts and for monitoring compliance with the relevant environmental laws; and - Assess the institutional capacity of the implementing agency and recommend measures for capacity building.

1.3 Contributors

The ESIAF has been prepared by a consortium of independent environmental and social consultants from EcoConServ Environmental Solutions, with guidance from the Petroleum Safety and Environmental Services Co. (PETROSAFE) in safety aspects of Pressure Reduction Stations (PRSs) operation. The names of the experts in these firms

EcoConServ 11 ESIAF EGAS that have participated in the preparation of the ESIAF Framework study are listed in Annex 1.

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2. Legislative and Regulatory Consideration

2.1 Applicable Environmental and Social Legislation in Egypt

2.1.1 Law 217/1980 for Natural Gas

The law organizes supply and connections of natural gas in residential areas, industrial areas and power plants. The law gives the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, together with one of the Petroleum Public Sector companies the responsibility for making the natural gas supply. The Law stipulates the following safeguards, which should be followed, during installation of natural gas in residential areas: - The entity responsible for natural gas connections should undertake these connections in a manner that should not effect the safety of the connected building, its occupants or other parties. If such connections resulted in any damage to the building owner or occupant he should be subject to compensation (Article 2). - All natural gas pipelines and structures should be established on state-owned land without payment of any duties (Article 2). - It is not allowed for the entity in charge of licensing buildings to grant license for buildings, or for amendments of existing buildings, which are connected with natural gas, without approval from the entity responsible for natural gas connections. Violation to this article may lead to a change of the ownership of the violating building to be publicly owned (Article 3 and 4). - It is not allowed to undertake excavation, building, demolition, pavement or any maintenance works in roads, squares and areas planned to be connected with natural gas, except in coordination with the entity responsible for natural gas connections. The entity responsible for natural gas connections is authorized to remove violations and claim associated removal costs from the violator (Article 5).

2.1.2 Law 4/1994 for the Environment

The Law for the Environment, and its Executive Regulations Decree 338/1995 modified by Ministrial Decree 1741/2005, is the key legislation governing environmental protection in Egypt. The law stipulates in Articles 19 through 23 that an Environmental Impact Assessment should be prepared for development projects, as a step in the licensing procedure. In case the project has been approved, the law obliges the project proponent to keep an Environmental Record to document the environmental performance of the project. EEAA Guidelines of EIAs for the Oil and Gas Sector, January 2005, has classified "Distribution Network of Natural Gas for Cities" as a Category C Project, which requires a full EIA according to certain conditions, which have been followed in preparation of this study.

The Law regulates in Articles 29 through 33 the handling of hazardous substances and wastes. The law stipulates that handling of hazardous substances should be performed after obtaining a license from the Competent Administrative Authority, which is the Ministry of Petroleum in this project. The Ministry of Petroleum has issued a list of EcoConServ 13 ESIAF EGAS substances that are classified as hazardous; such as the odorant agent used in Pressure Reducing Stations. Empty containers of such substances will be classified as hazardous waste. The Executive Regulations of the law details in Articles 26 through 28 the steps of granting handling licenses. Article 33 and Annex 3 of the Executive Regulations specify the required data to be recorded in the Environmental Register related to hazardous materials and wastes.

The Executive Regulations of Law 4/1994 provides limits for noise levels in a working environment, which apply to excavation/construction activities in the project, and the ambient noise levels in different locations, which applies to areas near construction works of the project and areas surrounding PRSs. Both limits are given in Tables 2-1, 2-2 and 2- 3 below.

Table 2-1: Noise intensity and maximum exposure periods in working environment Noise intensity level (LAeq) - Decibel 95 100 105 110 115

Period of exposure - one hour 4 2 1 1/2 1/4

Table 2-2: Noise intensity and maximum number of intermitted impacts2 from heavy hammers Noise intensity level (LAeq) - Decibel 135 130 125 120 115

Number of permissible impacts - impacts 300 1000 3000 10000 30000

Table 2-3: The maximum permissible limit for noise intensity in the different areas PERMISSIBLE LIMIT FOR NOISE INTENSITY DECIBEL (LAeq) TYPE OF AREA DAY EVENING NIGHT From To From To From To 07:00 18:00 18:00 22:00 22:00 07:00

Residential rural areas, hospitals 45 40 35 and gardens Residential suburbs with low traffic 50 45 40 Residential areas in the city 55 50 40 Residential areas in which can be 60 55 50 found some workshops or commercial establishments or which are located on a main road

Commercial and administrative 65 60 55 areas or downtown Industrial areas (heavy industries) 70 65 60

Protection of air environment from pollution is governed by Law 4/1994 in Articles 34 through 47. The Executive Regulations have determined in Annex 5 the maximum

2 Impact is considered intermittent if the period between impacts is one second or more EcoConServ 14 ESIAF EGAS concentrations of air pollutants in ambient air, which are listed in Table 2-4. In Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations are standards for emissions from fuel machinery, which are applicable to excavation machinery (trencher, excavators, etc.). These standards are given in Table 2-5.

Table 2-4: Maximum limits for air pollutants in ambient air POLLUTANT MAXIMUM LIMIT EXPOSURE PERIOD (µ/m3 if otherwise identified) Sulphur Dioxide 350 1 hr 150 24 hrs 60 1 year Carbon Monoxide 30 Milligrams/cubic meter 1 hr 10 Milligrams/cubic meter 8 hr Nitrogen Dioxide 400 1 hr 150 24 hrs Ozone 200 1 hr 120 8 hr Suspended Particles Measured 150 24 hrs as Black Smokes 60 1 year Total Suspended Particles 230 24 hrs (TSP) 90 1 year

Respirable Particles (PM10) 150 24 hrs 70 1 year Lead 0.5 1 year (daily averages) in urban areas 1.5 6 months (daily averages) in industrial areas

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Table 2-5: Maximum limits air pollutants in vehicle emissions Type of vehicle Pollutants Vehicles Vehicles Method of manufactured manufactured measurements before 2003 starting 2003 Gasoline Hydrocarbons 900 600 During speed (ppm) 600-900 rpm CO % 4.5 volume 2.5 volume During speed 600-900 rpm Diesel Opacity 30 At maximum accileration

Law 4/1994 includes also includes articles that control excavation works and corresponding waste disposal. Article 39 of the Law stipulates that developers carrying out excavation, construction or demolition works should take precautions to safeguard against air pollution during production and transportation of excavation/construction waste. The Executive Regulations, Article 41, identify these precautions as: - Storage of excavation/construction waste should not cause obstruction to pedestrian movements. Waste liable to dispersal shall be covered to avoid air pollution. - Transportation of excavation/construction waste should be through licensed and sufficiently equipped vehicles with a suitable special box or alternatively an air- tight cover to prevent loose particles of waste and debris from escaping into the air or dropping on the road; a special loading and unloading equipment that should be in good condition according to the rules of safety; lights and fitted with all safety equipment. - Disposal of excavation/construction waste should be in licensed locations by the local authority. These locations should be at least 1.5 km away from residential areas, at a low contour level, and leveled after being filled in with waste.

2.1.3 Law 38/1967 for General Cleanliness

The conditions mentioned in the previous paragraph are also mentioned in Law 38/1967 for General Cleanliness and its Executive Regulations. Article 15 of the Executive Regulations stipulates that vehicles hauling construction waste should have a tight cover to prevent dispersion or falling of its contents.

2.1.4 Law 93/1962 for Wastewater

Law 93/1962 regulates the disposal of wastewater, and liquids in general, to the sewerage network. Articles 6 and 8 of the Law stipulates that it is forbidden to cause damage to the sewerage network, or discharge liquids without taking permission of the sewerage authority. Wastewater, or liquids, discharged to the network should be according to the standards of the Executive Regulations. The Executive Regulations (Decree 44/2000) in Article 14 details the physical/chemical standards that should be complied with. The articles of this Law apply to the project in two main aspects: - In case damage is caused to the sewerage network during excavation; and - In case dewatered water from excavated trenches is discharged to the sewerage network.

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2.1.5 Law 48/1982 for Protection of River Nile and Watercourses

Articles 2 and 3 of the Executive Regulations of Law 48/1982 state that it is forbidden to use the banks of watercourses for storage of waste or materials that could be dispersed, chemicals, or toxic materials except in areas licensed by the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources. These articles may be most relevant for sites near the Nile/water courses, and sites were the pipeline will be laid by tunneling watercourses, in relation to excavation waste, lubricating oils, or chemicals used in tunneling equipment.

2.1.6 Law 117/1983 for Protection of Antiquities

The Law defines antiquities as "each structure or movable object produced by different civilizations". The definition includes productions of arts, science, literature and religions from ancient ages up to 100 years ago. The definition also includes human corpses, and species from the same age, which have remained from the ancient ages. All discovered antiquities are registered by Decrees of the Minister of Culture, in which this registration implies certain standards and precautions. Law 117/1983 Standards that are applicable to the project are: - It is not allowed to demolish all or parts of antiquity structures, renovate or change the structure features (Article 13). - The Minister of Culture identifies beatification zones surrounding antiquity sites. These beatification zones are considered part of the site, and it is not allowed to construct or excavate or plant trees inside these zones (Articles 19 and 20). - Each person who finds a movable antiquity, or parts of an antiquity structure, should notify the nearest administrative authority within 24 hours and should keep the antiquity in its discovered status. The antiquity becomes the State's property (Article 24).

Table 2-6: Some sites registered as antiquities in Greater Cairo

Decree No. Name of site Inclusions Address 303/1994 Areas in Giza near Giza Three large areas, with Three areas in El Platue identified borders Haram district 376/1994 Palace of Prince Mohammad Palace and back yard 4 Teret El Gabal St. - Waheed El Din Selim Matareya 1420/1996 Areas in Giza – Antiquities Land with and area 7.4 Feddan Piece 95, Sawan of Marmadet Beni Salama basin No.4 - Imbaba 262/1996 Antiquities in Osim Stone fronts of old buildings Ghorab St. – West Osim - Imbaba 508/1996 Shaheed Mohammad Abdel School building according to Haret El Rom, Ghani School identified borders Akadine – El Darb El Ahmar 112/1997 Orouba Palace Building according to Meghany St. – Masr identified borders El Gedida 2107/1997 Mosa El Darie Temple Building according to Abasseya identified borders

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2112/1997 Barokh Hanan Jewish Building according to 3 Kantara St. – Temple identified borders Ghamra 2507/1997 Ministry of Health Building Building and associated Magles El Shaab St. annexes according to identified borders 3408/1997 Prince Mohammad Ali Building and associated El Manyal Palace annexes, gardens, mosque, fountains and furniture according to identified borders 3494/1997 Shear Hashmaim Jewish Building according to 17 Adly St. Temple identified borders 3495/1997 Areas in Mansoureya Land with an area of 5.6 Mansoureya – Feddans Imbaba 481/1997 Shagaret El Dorr Dome Dome and surroundings Khalifa St. according to identified borders 2697/1998 Villa 29 Haram St. Building and associated 29 El Haram St. annexes according to identified borders 3160/1998 Sharaiby pool Building according to 16 Sharaiby St. – El identified borders Darb El Ahmar 3835/1999 Sawra Mosque Building according to Sawra St. – Masr El identified borders Gedida 18/1999 Nazlet El Semman Village The whole residential area of Nazlet El Semman - Nazlet El Semman Giza 165/1999 Nahasine Pool Building according to Al Moez Ledin Allah identified borders Al Fatemy St. 193/1999 Mohammad Sherif Cemetery Cemetery according to Saida Nafissa St. – El identified borders Shafie Cemetery

2.2 World Bank Guidelines and Safeguard Policies

The World Bank (WB) has identified 10 environmental and social safeguard policies that should be considered in its financed projects. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm to people and their environment in the development process. Following are the policies which could be triggered by the project activities.

2.2.1 OP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment

According to the World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01, the Natural Gas Connection Project in Greater Cairo is classified among Category A projects. Projects under this Category are likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive3, diverse, or unprecedented.

3 A potential impact is considered “sensitive” if it may be irreversible (e.g., lead to loss of a major natural habitat) or raise issues covered by OP 4.10, Indigenous Peoples; OP 4.04, Natural Habitats; OP 4.11, Physical Cultural Resources; or OP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement. EcoConServ 18 ESIAF EGAS

The environmental impacts that are likely to be caused by the project shall be analyzed in this study. Mitigation measures shall be identified for all expected negative impacts, along with an Environmental Management and Monitoring Framework presenting mechanisms for implementation of these mitigation measures.

2.2.2 OP 4.11 – Physical Cultural Resources

Greater Cairo includes many sites, buildings and monuments that fall under the definition of Physical Cultural Resources4. Because the project will include significant excavations in many parts of Greater Cairo, which may be near sites of cultural value, there have been specific attention in this study to identify the locations of such sites, and to develop mitigation measures for controlling the effects on such sites. These mitigation measures are also reflected in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Framework.

2.2.3 OP 4.12 – Involuntary Resettlement

According to the WB’s safeguard policy on Involuntary Resettlement, physical and economic dislocation resulting from WB funded developmental projects or sub-projects should be avoided or minimized as much as possible. The purpose of the RPF is to set down the principles for social impact mitigation, as well as clarify the organizational arrangements that may be needed during sub-project preparation and implementation phases. This includes compensating all project affected persons (PAPs) for the loss of lands, properties, and livelihoods resulting from displacement and resettlement, as well as assisting these people in relocation and rehabilitation.

It is not envisaged that the project at hand will result in the physical or economic dislocation of people. However, an RPF has been prepared in order to outline a proposed approach and workplan to guide the implementation, handover, and monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement process, in case OP 4.12 is triggered at any point.

4 Physical Cultural Resources are defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, and natural features, and landscapes that have archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. EcoConServ 19 ESIAF EGAS

3. Project Description

3.1 Egyptian Natural Gas Grid and Network

The Natural Gas grid in Egypt receives input from gas production fields and treatment facilities, and transmits it to the cities currently being covered. The main components of the natural gas infrastructure in Egypt are illustrated in Fig 3-1.

Figure 3-1: Natural Gas infrastructure in Egypt5

The main gas fields feeding the grid are Ras Shokeir, Ras Ghareb, Abu Madi and Abu El Gharadik fields. Natural Gas is transferred from the fields to served cities through transmission mains, which have gas pressure ranging between 30 and 70 Bar. Transmission mains feed Pressure Reducing Stations (PRS) normally located at the borders of serviced cities to reduce the pressures to 4 - 7 Bar before the gas enters the city network. PRSs feeding distribution networks to residential areas are supplied with odorants for safety reasons6. The city distribution network comprises the following components (also refer to Figure 3-2): - Distribution mains: with pressure ranging between 4 and 7 Bar (intermediate pressure). The distribution mains are either steel or polyethylene (PE) pipes. - City gate regulators: reduce the pressures from high pressure distribution mains to the medium pressure (0.1-2 Bar) and low pressure mains (0.1 Bar).

5 Source: Website of EGAS 6 Because natural gas is odorless, odorants facilitate leak detection for inhabitants of residential areas. EcoConServ 20 ESIAF EGAS

- Medium and low pressure mains: with pressures (0.1-2 Bar) for medium and (0.1 Bar) for low pressure mains. Typically, medium and low pressure mains are PE pipes.

Figure 3-2: Flow Chart of the Natural Gas Network

National Gird 30 - 70 Bar`

70 7

Intermediate Pressure 7 – 2 Bar 70 7 2 7

Medium Pressure 2 – 0.1 Bar

Power Station 2 0.1

Low Pressure 0.1 Bar

Industrial Domestic

Pressure distribution For Odorisation P.R.S Gas Network

Connection lines are lateral connections from the distribution mains to residential units. Connection lines enter the residential units through gas meters, before they are connected to different appliances. Minimum gas pressure at the exit of home regulators is 22.5 MBar.

3.2 Natural Gas Network in Greater Cairo

About 1.8 million inhabitants of Greater Cairo7 are already connected to the natural gas network. The service has started in many districts of the city since the early 1990s. Greater Cairo receives its natural gas from transmission mains which are being fed from Abu El Gharadik and Abu Madi gas fields. Transmission mains (16"-24") have been established in a ring form surrounding Greater Cairo, in order to facilitate extensions to the network at any of its districts. Operating PRSs, located at different spots around the City, are being fed by the transmission mains, and are feeding distribution mains under different pressure categories. Figure 3-3 indicates location of major components of the network and the proposed new PRSs, while Table 3-1 presents the size of gas network already serving Greater Cairo in both Cairo and Giza Governorates8.

7 Source: Interview with Town Gas 8 Greater Cairo is located administratively in three Governorates: Cario, Giza and Qaluibeya Governorates. EcoConServ 21 ESIAF EGAS

Figure 3-3: Natural Gas Network in Greater Cairo

F

r o

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a M ab Abu Za a

d ⌧ ⌧ i ad Ro a i l i a ⌧ m -Is Cairo r ) - 35 Ba 16" (70

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Cairo -Suez Road

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Legend

F 70 bar pipelines ro G m h A 30 bar pipelines ar a b d o i k 7 bar pipelines

4 bar pipelines

Esisting Pressure Reduction an Station Helw Planned Pressure Reduction

Station

City Gate Regulator 10000m3/hr

P.R.S. Tebbin

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Table 3-1: Components of natural gas network currently serving Greater Cairo

Items Units Cairo Giza Total PRS No 42 16 58 Low Km 47.7 0.3 48 Steel Pipelines High Km 309.1 53.9 363 P.E Pipes Km 2693 944 3637 Regulators No 6048 1172 7220 Valves No 114520 51863 166383 No.of converted Appliances No 1286305 506836 1793141

3.3 Project Objectives

The proposed project is as an integral part of the country energy strategy which calls for greater use of natural gas and a reduction in government energy subsidies. It will contribute to achieving the Government plan for extending natural gas connections in the country through the coming 6 years. The following results are envisaged from the project: - Doubling the number of inhabitants in Greater Cairo who are connected to natural gas services by connecting 2 million customers by year 2012; - Covering wider areas and new developments of Greater Cairo; - Achieving more stability of energy access to the targeted customers in Greater Cairo; and - Achieving about 1.6 million tons savings of LPG consumption by the year 2012.

3.4 Estimated Costs

The total program for connecting the prospective 2 million customers is estimated to cost US$921 million, of which material costs amount to about US$480 million. The remaining is the contribution of the customers to connect (i.e., the connection charge). The World Bank has been requested to finance about US$400 million, reflecting a large share of the material costs.

3.5 Covered Districts and Coverage Plan

The project shall cover 28 districts in Cairo and Giza Governorates. The project shall introduce the service in new areas, which have not been connected before, and shall further extend the network in areas which are partially covered. Table 3-2 and Figure 3-4 below illustrate the coverage plan of the project.

During an initial survey of the areas, an attempt has been made to categorize the properties based on experience gained in the previous projects in Greater Cairo. The categories are: - Category "I" Good condition and easily accessible single storey dwellings and flats: comprising villas ranging in consumption from 1m3/hr to 40m3/hr depending on the existence of swimming pool, boiler in addition to the conventional types (cooker), etc. e.g., New Cairo.

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- Category "II" Flats and other dwellings to a reasonable standard in areas with reasonable access: Rate of consumption from 0.1 m3/hr to 0.4 m3/hr. Areas: El Maadi, Masr El Gededa, Down Town, Nasr City, Faisal, El Haram, El Abbasia - Category III" Poor housing with possible access problems and likelihood of structural problems: Rate of consumption from 0.1 m3/hr to 0.25m3/hr. Areas: El Wayly, El Zawya El Hammra, El Matriya, Ain Shams, Dar El Sallam, Basateen, El Sharabia, Omrania, El Moneeb, Sakyet Meky, Bolak El Dakrour, Embaba, El Waraak.

It is worth noting that areas where weak structures exist are classified by Town Gas as "no gas area" to avoid possible structural problems associated with establishing the network.

Accessibility issues, together with the associated traffic congestions, and possibility of having structural problems have been addressed in the Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework (ESMMF), detailed later in Chapter 7.

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Table 3-2: Coverage plan for Natural Gas Connections Project in Greater Cairo

1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year Total (1,000 (1,000 (1,000 (1,000 (1,000 (1,000 Governorate Area (1,000 clients) clients) clients) clients) clients) clients) client) 2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010 2012/2011 El Maadi 17 9 8 6 5 5 50 Helwan 15 13 13 13 13 13 80 Masr El Gedida 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 El Abassia 8 8 8 8 8 8 48 Down Town 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 and Old Cairo El Wayly 9 9 8 8 8 8 50 Nasr City 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 El Zawyah El Hamra 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 El Matriya and Ain 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 Cairo Shams New Cairo 35 35 35 35 35 35 210 Dar El Salam and 35 35 35 35 35 35 210 Basateen Infra El Sharabeya 25 25 25 25 25 125 Structure Infra Infra Bader City 0 0 15 15 30 Structure Structure El Mokattam 0 25 25 25 25 25 125 Infra El Shorouk 8 8 8 8 8 40 Structure Total of Cairo 189 237 235 233 247 247 1388 Faisal and El Haram 15 15 15 15 15 15 90 Omrania 12 12 12 12 12 12 72 Infra El Moneeb 15 15 14 14 14 72 Structure Sakyet Meky 8 8 8 8 8 8 48 Giza Infra Bolak El Dakrour 18 18 18 18 18 90 Structure Embaba 10 10 10 10 10 10 60 Infra Infra El Waraak 15 15 15 15 60 Structure Structure Total of Giza 45 78 93 92 92 92 492 Total of Project 234 315 328 325 339 339 1880 In Fill Total 20 20 20 20 20 20 120 Total of Plan 254 335 348 345 359 359 2000

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Figure 3-4: Districts Covered by the Project

Elmatarya 16" (70 - 35 Bar ) ٢ ٣ Ein Shams اﻟﻤﻄﺮ یﺔ ElNozha Badr Cityﻋﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺲ ٦

ﻡﻨﻄﻘﺔ ٥ ١ﺱﻜﻨﻴﺔ ٤ اﻟﺰیﺘﻮ ٢٨ Areas working with natural gas & Shall El Shorok اﻟﺰاویﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء Extended ن اﻟﻮراق Elwarrak م. ٨ ٩ اﻟﺴﺎﺡﻞ ٢ اﻟﺠﺪیﺪة ﺡﺪاﺋﻖ ١٠ ٧ Area to be feeding with Natural gas ٧ اﻟﻘﺒﺔ اﻡﺒﺎ ﺷﺒﺮا ﺏﺔ Badr City 1- اﻟﻮایﻠﻰ م. ﻧﺼﺮ اﻟﻈﺎهﺮ Omr Ebn ElKhatab 2- ElKataima ﺏﻮ اﻟﻌﺠﻮزة Giza governory ١١ اﻟﺰﻡﺎﻟﻚ ٢٢ Nasr City ١ ﻻق Kebaa 3- ElGamaly ٢ وﺱﻂ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ El Nozha 4- a New Cairo ﻋﺎﺏﺪیﻦ Ein Shams 5- City ٢ ١٣ ١ اﻟﺪﻗﻰ El matarya 6- ١ اﻟﺴﻴﺪة زیﻨﺐ El Khalfa ٤ ٢٦ Sheraton & Elmaza Building Bolak Eldakror 7- 8- El Wassamy & Molyha Area ١٦ ١ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ﻡﺼﺮ ٥ اﻟﻘﺪیﻤﺔ ٢ El Nor & El Gondol Building 9- 10- El Sharabya El Mokkatam ٢ ٥ El fagala 11- ٤اﻟﻬﺮم ٢٣ Qshtomr – El Skakrny 12- 13- El Sayda Zenb-El Helmya El 1) اﻟﻤﻨﻴﺐ ١ Gededa-Garden city El monyb 2) اﻟﻤﻌﺎدى ٧ Abbden 14- 15- Masr Elkadema El Maadi 16- El Ni le 17-Mokkatm Dar Elsalam-Sakr Qoresh-Degla- ElKornish Building Ri ve 18- El Hoda city r 15May City 19- 15 May city (The rest 22 dis.) ١٥ ١ 20- El Haded Wel Solb Building ﻡﺎیﻮ ﺡﻠﻮان ١٩ ٨ El Sauida Building – El Sefarat Building 21- 22- New Cairo city Halwen 23- El Moneeb 24- Kaabesh – El Remaya – El Sadr hospital Building Natural gas Program For Greater Cairo ٢ Bolak El Dakror 25- اﻟﺘﺒﻴﻦ Sakyt Meky 26- ٠ Tag El Dawal 27- Eltyben CAIRO - GIZA 28- El warrak

EcoConServ 26 ESIAF EGAS

The first year of the project will include installation of infrastructure in many of the districts. As illustrated in Table 3-2 the first year plan includes connections to the districts of Maadi, Helwan, Masr El Gedida, El Abbasia, Down Town/Old Cairo, El Wayly, Nasr City, El Zawya El Hamra, El Matariya / Ain Shams, New Cairo, Dar El Salam / Basateen, Faisal / El Haram, Saket Meky and Embaba. Maps showing geographic sectors in these districts, which shall be connencted during year one of the project are, illustrated in Figures 3-5 through 3- 14.

Figure 3-5: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Maadi and Dar El Salam

1 1 Maadi and Dar Es Salam

S Kwaiti Company D a 2 o 2 k b r Dar Es Salam a e Q n t o u r Z 15 a d i ir s h h 3 T 3 e a n n 15 16 o d Z

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Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

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Figure 3-6: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Helwan

Helwan

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Areas already connected y a

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Areas to be connected during year 1 1

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

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Figure 3-7: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Masr El Gedida Masr El Gedida

Gesr El Suez St. 74 67 73 69 68 66 65 64 30 Qebaa 72 70 63 58 71 56 57 Omar Ben El Khattab 59 54 55 60 62 34 33 32 53 31 29 C 61 52 36 35 a i 50 r 51 o

48 38 37 – Nozha El Gedida S 49 u e z 47 N Cairo Airport R abi 46 39 Oroba St. a l i W l a 45 w q 27 a ad S 40 y t. 26 42 41 Almaza Houses 25

Sheraton Houses

Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

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Figure 3-8: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Abbasia and Sharabeya

Abbasia and Sharabia

Ab de l M eg id Se lim Lo tfy Es sa . id t S S t Abbasia Towers . s . e t

s S

u Sharabia d o i

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a t e r t. d o S I n P a d R A u a hm S m ad & T Ba r s unn daw s e el y a 14 s M E t. x S t es e ms n Ra s io 17 n Sakakini

Koshtomor

Areas already connected Areas to be connected during year 1 Areas targeted for connection after year 1

Figure 3-9: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Down Town and Old Cairo

Down Town and Old Cairo

Bridge Giza

Rive

r Zamalek Nile R N i v i l e e 5

7 r

Bridge 6 October Bridge Nil Kasr 1 6

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13 . a Sq Atab q. alq S El Kh Bab St. laa Ka Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

EcoConServ 29 ESIAF EGAS

Figure 3-10: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Nasr City

Nasr City

.

t

S y

r

a g

n a F

Nasr Rd.

d a o R 50 g n Zahra i 56 a Mad R inet N asr Mitha q St. Embassies District

Areas already connected Mu barak Aca Areas to be connected during year 1 demy

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

Figure 3-11: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Wayly and Zawya El Hamra

Waily and Zawya

. t

t. S al S an d a C 4 i y a aile m S Is 14 t r

o 3 P 16 15 Galad Canal St. 6 17 5 y asim t El W 9 18 Ezbe Fa rz S 7 t. 8 19

. Mansheit El Gabal St

Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1

Areas targeted for connection after year 1

EcoConServ 30 ESIAF EGAS

Figure 3-12: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Matarya

Rash Matareya ah St

Mas . all t a Sq. S

l . a St n 45 y a e oll C Tr

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39

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Kablat St.

Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1 Areas targeted for connection after year 1

Figure 3-13: Covered Areas in first year of the project in New Cairo

New Cairo

Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1 West Qatameya Areas targeted for connection after year 1

Future Housing Qatameya Showaifat Golf

Zone 5 90 Road

Youth Housing Zone 4 South Academy Youth Arabella East Housing Zone 3 Academy Zone 2

German Road Suez Cairo University Rd Sokhna – Qatameya

Yasmine Zone 1

Banafseg

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Figure 3-14: Covered Areas in first year of the project in Giza districts

Giza Remaya Square

Areas already connected

Areas to be connected during year 1 Areas targeted for connection after year 1

Haram Faisal

Bola Shabab 2 k El Dakrour Omraneya

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3.6 Project Components

The project will comprise adding reinforcement to the existing transmission mains surrounding Greater Cairo, establishing five new PRSs, establishing a distribution network of different pressures and gate regulators. The distribution network shall feed service pipes and dwelling risers. The network shall be provided with necessary fittings, fixtures, valves, gas meters, etc. Project activities also include conversion of home appliances, for preparing them to receive natural gas.

Transmission mains shall be reinforced by new pipelines to cover additional loads and to improve security of supply. This will include installation of the following pipelines: - 8 " steel pipe with pressure 30-70 Bar for 5 Km length for El Haram - 20 " steel pipe with pressure 30-70 Bar for 1 Km length for El Tebbin, Helwan - 12" steel Pipe with pressure 30-70 Bar for 30 Km length for New Cairo - 6" steel pipe with pressure 30 Bar for 1 Km length in El Mokattam - 6" steel pipe with pressure 30 Bar for 1 Km length in El Tebbin - 6" steel pipe with pressure 30-70 Bar for 1 Km length in El Shorouk

The added transmission mains shall end at five new Pressure Reducing Stations, at the following locations: - El Haram with capacity 40,000 sm3/h with odorant; - El Tebbin with capacity 300,000 sm3/h with odorant; - New Cairo with capacity 60,000 sm3/h with odorant; - El Mokattam with capacity 20,000 sm3/h without odorant; - El Shourok with capacity 20,000 sm3/h with odorant.

The distribution system shall consist of 7-bar mains between PRSs to a 4-bar system and a 2- bar system through city gate regulators, which in turn feeds low pressure islands via district regulators.

Connections work shall start at the termination of distribution works. Gas will be fed into the property at no more than 100 milli-bar, through risers and laterals in the case of flats and an external meter box service termination in the case of singly occupied premises. Sizes of risers will depend on the number of dwellings in the block of flats but laterals will be normally 1 inch or 3/4 inch. Gas meters will generally be installed with a suitable regulator to govern internal pressures to 20 Mbar. Internal carcass will be steel pipes of 1 inch, 3/4 inch and 1/2 inch diameter and will generally supply a cooker and a water heater. Connection works shall be started after the completion of distribution works.

Conversion of home appliances shall be carried out to approximately 3,340,000 appliances. These appliances will generally be of the same type, age and condition as those found on the preceding projects in Greater Cairo. The majority of appliances will be converted, without a conversion set, however, only by drilling out existing injectors to accommodate for the targeted gas flow.

The network and PRSs shall be designed and commissioned according to the standards of the Institute of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM) of the UK, which will be reflected in compliance with high safety standards required for the distribution networs and PRSs.

EcoConServ 33 ESIAF EGAS

3.7 Description of Preconstruction and Construction Phase

3.7.1 Planning and system design

Accurate maps of covered areas shall be obtained in order to collect sufficient information for reaching optimum design for the system. Surveying works may be carried out at a few locations where maps are outdated or do not include recent developments. Routes and depths of existing underground infrastructure shall be obtained from different authorities (water lines, sewage lines, telecommunication lines, and electric cables). However, in some cases accurate mapping is unavailable for underground infrastructure, and in such cases a trial pit shall be manually excavated to locate underground pipes as detailed later in Chapter 7.

After design of the network, the contractor prepares a phased plan to construct the lines in coordination with Town Gas. This plan shall split covered areas to "Sectors"; each sector normally contains about 5,000 customers, in about a 15-20 km length of the distribution mains.

3.7.2 Mobilization of equipment, materials and workers

According to the approved phased implementation plan, the contractor mobilizes the required construction equipment and materials. The contractor normally occupies a location for storing materials and equipment in the active "Sector", where this location should be approved by the local authority. These storage locations shall include: - Excavation machinery, such as trenchers, backhoe excavators, jack hammers, loaders, cranes, manual tools, etc.; - Piping materials, such as pipes, valves, elbows, coating materials; - Stockpiles of sand and filling materials; - Repair machinery, such as compaction machinery, asphalt laying machinery, concrete mixers, etc.; and - Management caravan for the site engineers and staff.

Because the project will be in Greater Cairo, there will be no need for workers camps, as they are expected to be from the city.

3.7.3 Construction under normal conditions

3.7.3.1 Site preparation and excavation

Prior to excavation works, pipeline routes shall be identified and marked in the field. Excavation works start by removing the asphalt layer using either a mechanical trencher or a jack hammer. The mechanical trencher also removes broken asphalt and the base stones layer. In case the jack hammer is used, road layers are then removed by excavator.

The road base soil, underneath asphalt and stones, is then excavated either by a backhoe excavator or by manual excavation. The advantage of manual excavation is that it reduces the risks of breaking water, sewerage, electric or telecommunication lines which are unmapped. Typically the trench for PE pipes is 0.4-0.6 meter wide, and about 1.5 meter deep, depending

EcoConServ 34 ESIAF EGAS

on pipe diameter9. For steel pipes the trench width is 0.6-0.8 meters with the same depth, also depending on diameter.

Excavated soils, broken asphalt and other waste materials during excavation are then loaded to trucks, which transfer it to disposal areas. Because of the limited available space on Cairo streets, loading waste trucks shall be done upon excavation, whenever possible, in order to avoid stockpiling waste on site.

In some cases, where groundwater table is shallow, the trench should be dewatered before pipe laying. Dewatering pumps discharge pumped water into a drain or sewer manhole, according to the conditions of the area.

3.7.3.2 Pipe lying

During the excavation works, some welding works will take place above-ground. Once the trench is excavated, the available pipe stretch shall be laid down. Remaining welding works then take place to connect the laid pipe with the previous stretch.

Steel pipes are then protected from adverse surrounding conditions by coating with isolating coat, and by fixing an anode for cathode protection.

3.7.3.3 Filling and road repair

Natural gas pipes should be surrounded by sand in order to absorb loads from the road. After laying and welding works, the trench is then filled with sand either by a front loader or manually. The sand should be effectively compacted in the trench in order to avoid road settlements, and subsequent cracks.

3.7.3.4 Normal schedule for line construction

Because of heavy traffic conditions normally occurring in Greater Cairo, natural gas line construction should be expedited in order to avoid traffic blockings. Before excavation, the Traffic Department gives a conditional permission specifying the time that the traffic should be back to pre-excavation rates. In normal cases, the construction schedule takes the following cycle for a pipe stretch of 350-400 meters: - 07:00 – 11:00 Excavation and above-ground welding - 11:00 – 12:00 Pipe laying and tie-in welding - 13:00 – 16:00 Filling and compaction - 16:00 – 17:00 Base stone filling - Following day morning Asphalt laying

It is worth noting that traffic crossings and main roads should have its asphalt back within the same day, and some times night work will be required. After finalizing the 350-400 meter stretch, the following day starts with another stretch along the line, until the entire "Sector" has been covered. The contractor then moves to another sector, and the process recommences again from the mobilization step.

9 There should be 1 meter sand cover above the pipe EcoConServ 35 ESIAF EGAS

Most of the underground infrastructure in Greater Cairo has been established a long time ago, without accurate documentation for its routes and depths. Therefore, the excavation contractor is usually unaware of the exact locations of such pipes, and accordingly running the risk of breaking infrastructure lines is relatively high. Normally the contractor takes caution by applying manual excavation to avoid such situations where he is obliged to pay for the damage.

If a line break occurs, the site manager gives immediate notification to the Police Department and the respective authority (according to the type of broken pipe). The authority then starts repairing the line as soon as possible, and later claims the repair costs back from the contractor.

3.7.4 Special crossings

Vertical excavation described in Section 3.6.3 could not be practiced when the natural gas line intersects with a waterway, a railway or a major road. Therefore a special crossing for such obstacles has to be made. This special crossing is made through tunneling, using suitable techniques such as Tunnel Boring Machines and micro tunneling. Locations of waterways, railways, and main roads of Greater Cairo are illustrated in Chapter 4.

In special crossings, the line starts gradually descending below the obstacle by a sufficient horizontal distance to avoid steep connections. This allows easier access for repairing different parts of the line.

Excavation waste management shall be practiced in a way similar to that described in Section 3.7.3.1. However, crossing waterways shall result in relatively large amounts of water discharge out of the tunnel, which makes it necessary to preplan for drainage works.

Sometimes special crossings are done through existing bridges, which will only require fixing the line onto the existing bridge.

3.7.5 Testing

After the line construction, the line should be tested to locate possible leaks. The testing could be done either through hydrostatic testing, or through air-gas testing. In the first process the pipe is filled with water and then pressurized to the desired level, along with pressure testing at different locations to detect leaks, then water is drained. In the second process, air, or an inert gas, is used instead of water.

The former process is normally more complicated than the latter, because it needs highly efficient water drainage. This drainage takes place by the "pigging process", which includes forcing an object, the "pig", through the pipe by liquid or air pressure to totally drain the line before NG is fed.

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3.7.6 Connections

After testing the line, connections to the dwellings start. The connection starts from the main and goes across the road to the dwelling on both sides. At the edge of the building, a riser feeds different laterals which ends at the customer gas meter then to different appliances.

Fixing the connections will require earthworks as described in Section 3.7.3.1, however perpendicular to the road. This will require blocking of the road, in the case of small roads having parallel alternatives, or executing staged excavation, in the case of main roads or small roads without parallel alternatives.

All pipes used in connections are steel pipes. The underground portion of the pipes is normally protected as mentioned in Section 3.7.3.2, while above-ground pipes are only painted. Risers and laterals are fixed on walls through steel clips fixed in walls. This will involve screwing through the walls using screw drivers and inserting the necessary bolts and rivets. The laterals need to enter the customer's flat through a hole in the wall.

3.7.7 Conversion

Conversion is done for some home appliances by taking some measures to safeguard against different pressures and calorific value of natural gas in comparison with LPG. Conversion works are practiced at the client's flat, by changing the injectors' properties of the appliance.

3.7.8 Construction works for PRSs and regulators

Constructing Pressure Reduction Stations and City Head Regulators are regular construction works in addition to connections between transmission mains and distribution mains. The PRS comprises two types of pressures, the first is the upstream pressure, which is a high pressure ranging from 30 to 70 Bar, while the second pressure is the downstream pressure, which is a low pressure ranging from 4 to 7 Bar.

3.8 Description of Operation Phase

3.8.1 PRS Operation

The PRS include seven main stages: inlet, filtration, heating, reduction, measuring, odorizing and outlet.

3.8.1.1 Inlet stage

The inlet parts of the PRS should be completely isolated from the cathodic system applied to the feeding steel pipes. This is achieved by installing isolating joint with protection. The inlet stage includes the main station valve which could be controlled both locally and remotely for shutting off the PRS in case of emergencies.

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3.8.1.2 Filtration stage

The aim of the filtration stage is to remove dust, rust, solid contaminants and liquid traces. Two filters and two separators are installed in parallel; each filter-separator operates with the full capacity of the PRS. During the operation of filter-separator line, the other line is kept on standby. Filter-separator lines are equipped with safety devices such as differential pressure gauges, relief valves, liquid indicators, etc.

3.8.1.3 Heating stage

Because the difference between the inlet and outlet pressure is relatively high, icing normally occurs around outlet pipes. This may cause blockings and accordingly reduce or stop the gas flow. To avoid such circumstances, a heater is installed to keep the temperature of outlet pipes over 7°C. Each PRS is equipped with two heaters in parallel in order to allow for a standby heater in emergencies.

3.8.1.4 Reduction stage

Each PRS includes two reduction lines in parallel, also to allow for a standby line. The lines are equipped with safety gauges, indicators and transmitters to maintain safe operation conditions. According to the IGEM standards, the reduction unit should be installed in a well ventilated-closed area or, alternatively, in an open protected area.

3.8.1.5 Measuring stage

After adjusting the outlet pressure, gas flow and cumulative consumption are then measured to monitor NG consumption from the PRS and to adjust the dosing of the odorant as indicated below. Measuring devices should be sensitive to low gas flow, which normally occurs during the first stages after connecting a small portion of targeted clients.

3.8.1.6 Odorizing stage

The objective of the odorant is to enable the detection of gas leaks in residential units at low concentration, before gas concentration becomes hazardous. The normally used odorant is formed from Tertiobutylmercaptin (80%) and Methylehylsulphide (20%) (the MSDS is attached in Annex 2). The normal dosing rate of the odorant is 12-24 mg/cm3. The system consists of a stainless steel storage tank, which receives the odorant from 200-liter drums, injection pumps and associated safety devices. Operation of the odorant unit is controlled automatically, and could be switched to manual operation if needed.

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3.8.1.7 Outlet stage

The outlet stage includes an outlet valve gauge, temperature indicators, pressure and temperature transmitters and non-return valves. The outlet pipes are also, like inlet pipes, isolated from the cathodic protection by an isolating joint.

3.8.2 Operation of the network

The operation of the system is undertaken by Town Gas. Normal operation will include routine audits on pressures and condition of the network. Normal maintenance and monitoring works for the network include: - Monitoring valves at some selected points on the pipeline. Gas leaks are routinely detected using gas detection sensors; - Maintenance of valve boxes and raising of its level whenever needed; and - Checking cathode protection on "Flange Adaptors" by taking voltage readings and changing anodes whenever needed.

In case of a leak detection, or damage to part of the network, the damaged pipe is replaced. The following procedures are usually followed: - Stopping leaking line - Excavating above the effected part (in case of distribution main or underground installation line) - Venting the line - Removing affected pipe - Replacing effecting part and welding it with the two ends - Filling and road repair

3.8.3 Repairs in residential units

Normally repairs in residential units require making some adjustments in the home appliances, or changing in-house leaking connections. Similar detection/replacing process described earlier are normally followed, in addition to possible adjustments of gas flow inside appliances.

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4. Description of the Environment

4.1 Location and Land Use

4.1.1 General

Greater Cairo is spread across three of Egypt's administrative governorates. The north eastern comprising Qalubia Governorate, while the west bank is part of the governorate of Giza, and the eastern and south eastern parts are within Cairo Governorate; the three parts are forming Greater Cairo. The Greater Cairo Gas Connections Project, the subject of this study, will be implemented in two of the governorates, namely, Cairo and Giza.

Cairo Governorate covers an area of more than 3085.12 km2. It is divided into 31 districts, bracketed by the desert to the east and south, and bounded by the Nile and Nile delta to the west and north respectively. The inhabited areas cover 190.2 km2, whereas agricultural lands cover about 15.45 km2. All the inhabited areas of Cairo Governorate fall within the metropolitan area of Greater Cairo.

Giza, the second governorate, covers an area of 13184 km2. It contains rural and urban areas in 9 main districts, 11 towns, 7 districts and 52 rural districts with 172 sub-districts. The inhabited area is about 1191 km2 and the agricultural land covers 776 km2. It should be noted that the previous statistics are for the whole Giza Governorate, however only parts of the inhabited areas of Giza Governorate are within the metropolitan area of Greater Cairo.

Figure 4-1 presents the administrative areas of Greater Cairo both in Cairo Governorate and Giza Governorate.

Urbanization in Greater Cairo has increased significantly through the past decades. Urban development continues to accelerate in the city, however through expansion to the western and eastern deserts by establishing new communities. Figure 4-2 shows a satellite image for Greater Cairo, while Figure 4-3 provides a comparison of the increase in urbanization in the city between the years 1965 and 1998.

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Figure 4-1: Administrative areas in Greater Cairo

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Figure 4-2: Satellite image for Greater Cairo and Surroundings

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Figure 4-3: Satellite Images for Cairo showing growth in urbanization between 1965 and 1998

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4.1.2 Proposed Locations of PRSs

Althougn the exact location of four of the new PRSs are not yet settled, it has been already confirmed that they will be located in El Haram, New Cairo, El Mokatam, El Shorouk and El Tebbin districts. Town Gas has submitted requests to local authorities for allocating locations in each in these districts10; however site allocation has not been finalized as of the preparation of this study. For the first four PRSs, ranges of 1-3 km in desert roads, and the ring road, for each PRS location are presented to local authorities to select 50x50m areas for each PRS, all these ranges are in unpopulated areas. For the fifth PRS, in El Tebbin, the proposed location is within an existing gas complex. Figure 3-3, in Chapter 3, indicates proposed locations of the PRSs.

4.1.2.1 El Haram PRS

The proposed range for locating El Haram PRS is a 2-km strip along Cairo – Fayoum Desert Road. This strip starts from intersection of Cairo-Fayoum Desert road and Wahat-October Desert road to the north, and ends near a brick factory to the south. The location is unpopulated. The strip is intersected by a service station, which is excluded from the potential range. The nearest developed areas is Mubarak Park (public park) next to the northern strip, and an old brick factory about 500 meters from the southern strip. The nearest inhaboted area is few kilometers to the north. The southern strip is about 500 km from a planned housing area owned by the Ministry of Housing and New Communities.

Figure 4-4: Sketch showing propsed location of El Haram PRS (not to scale)

10 These letters are presented in Annex 3 EcoConServ 44 ESIAF EGAS

Photo 4-1: Start of northern strip and Mubarak Photo 4-2: End of southern strip Park

Photo 4-3: Planned housing area near the Photo 4-4: Old brick factory near the southern strip southern strip

4.1.2.2 New Cairo PRS

The proposed location for New Cairo PRS is on an intersection between Cairo-Suez Desert Road and a side road to eastern parts of New Cairo. The location is also unpopulated. The nearest property is a graveyard about 500 meters to the south. The nearest inhabited area is Al Rehab City, few kilometers away.

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Figure 4-5: Sketch showing propsed location of New Cairo PRS (not to scale)

Photo 4-5: Proposed location and nearby graveyard Photo 4-6: Cairo-Suez Desert Road next to the proposed location

4.1.2.3 El Mokattam PRS

Town Gas has identified about 3 km strip in the Ring Road that could possibility include the location of El Mokattam PRS. This 3 km strip of starts from Qattameya Road intersetction to the east and ends at intersection of Marag City to the west, where the preferred location lyes as indicated in Figure 4-6. Town Gas prefers this location because of its proximity to the transmission main and the served area. The whole area is not populated. The closest developed area to the preferred location is a school, which is about 500 meters away, then there are buldings under construction few hundred meters away. The 3-km strip is intersected by a number of administrative buildings which are excluded, with its surroundings, from the possible range available to the PRS.

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Figure 4-6: Sketch showing propsed location of El Mokattam PRS (not to scale)

Photo4-7: Preferred location, west of the available strip Photo 4-8: Start of the preffered strip to the east

Photo 4-9: Adminstration Building excluded from Photo 4-10: Possible locations on the other side of the available strip the road

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4.1.2.4 El Shorouk PRS

The proposed location of El Shorouk PRS is close to Cairo-Ismaileya desert road in a remote location. The nearest property to this location is the Cars Cinema which is about 100 meters away. The nearst inhabited area is more than 500 km to the south.

Figure 4-7: Sketch showing propsed location of El Shorouk PRS (not to scale)

Photo 4-11: Cars Cinema near the proposed Photo 4-12: Nearest housing areas to the location location

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4.1.2.5 El Tebbin PRS

El Tebbin PRS, without the odorant station, proposed location is within an existing gas complex operated by GASCO. The complex already includes an operating PRS. The location is in relatively populated area, there is a house located adjacent to complex southern border, and inhabited residential area about 100 meters on the other side of Cornich St.. To the north there is a complex owned by National Cement company, while to the west are agriculture land.

The odorant of Tebbin PRS shall be installed in an existing Town Gas complex about 2 km north to the proposed PRS location. The new odorant station shall be installed beside an existing odorant station next to another GASCO complex. The nearest inhabited area to the proposed odorant location is few hundred meters to the north.

Figure 4-8: Sketch showing propsed location of El Tebbin PRS (not to scale)

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Photo 4-13: Proposed PRS location in GASCO Photo 4-14: House next to the southern border of Complex GASCO complex

Photo 4-15: Corniche St. next to GASCO Complex Photo: 4-16 Proposed Odorant location in existing Town Gas Complex

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4.2 Climate

Greater Cairo is located in the subtropical climatic region. Among the outstanding weather events are the dust and sandstorms that frequently blow in transitional seasons of spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). In winter (December to February) the general climate of the area is cold, moist and rainy while during summer (June to August), its climate is hot, dry and rainless.

A phenomenon of Egypt’s climate is the hot spring wind that bellows across the country. The winds, known as the Khamasin, usually arrive in April but occasionally occur in March. Unobstructed by geographical features, the winds reach high velocities and carry great quantities of sand and dust from the deserts. These sandstorms, often accompanied by winds of up to 140 kilometers per hour, can cause temperatures to rise as much as 20oC in two hours. The winds blow intermittently and may continue for days. The Khamasin winds cause illness in people and animals, harm crops, and occasionally damage houses and infrastructure.

Most of the winds over urban, suburban and rural areas of Greater Cairo are always northern winds whereas the wind directions range from NW to NE throughout the year. These directions of the wind could cause rapid transportation of pollutants and other urbanized effects from the industrial complex areas in the north.

Table 4-1: Mean monthly values of metrological parameters recorded in Giza Metrological Station between 1990 and 2004 Parameter Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature 13.9 14.8 17.5 21.7 25.3 28.0 29.1 28.9 27.4 24.6 19.9 15.2 (C◦) Relative 68.1 63.8 60.3 53.4 51.5 54.5 59.6 62.3 61.3 63.5 66.7 68.9 humidity (%) Accumulatio n of Rain 2.9 3.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.04 3 2.8 Quantity (mm/month) No. of Rain- days 2.6 1.5 1.7 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0 0.3 1.2 1.8 (day/month) Wind speed 66.4 69.2 58.8 63.0 47.1 44.1 57.3 57.7 58.5 47.6 37.5 63.9 (knot)

4.3 Air Quality

Air quality in Greater Cairo is one of the major environmental concerns, due to the increased urbanization. Greater Cairo air receives gaseous emissions from transportation, industrial facilities and burning of waste, in addition to burning of agricultural waste in cultivated lands near the city, especially to the north.

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Since 1999, Greater Cairo has been suffering from a major smog episode "the black cloud" taking place each autumn. EEAA has given the following factors as contributors to the black cloud11: - Metrological factors when wind speeds are at its minimum; - Topographic nature of Greater Cairo, as its location in the Nile valley in low elevation surrounded by hills and high rise buildings reduce dispersion of pollutants; and - Gaseous emissions from regular sources in Cairo, transportation and industry, in addition to seasonal burning of agricultural waste.

Another air pollution crisis attacks Greater Cairo during spring time, when the Khamasin winds, indicated earlier, blow from the south carrying pollutants from cement industries in Helwan district to the south of the city. This spring crisis is usually more acute, especially in dust and particulate, however lasts for a shorter duration compared to the autumn crisis.

EEAA has fixed fourteen air monitoring stations in different districts of Greater Cairo, equipped with automatic simultaneous measurements, in addition to some sampling and analysis of some parameters. Table 4-2 through 4-4 present annual averages of some air quality parameters recorded by monitoring stations in Greater Cairo during 2005.

Table 4-2: Annual averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 200512 (all concentrations in microgram/m3) 13 Station name Location description SO2 NO2 BS PM10 O3 CO Kollaly Urban 123 79.1 129.2 Gomhoreya St. Heavy Traffic 56.5 53.3 9.3 Abbaseya Residential 34.7 118.3 50.8 Nasr City Residential 13 64.7 43.7 Maadi Residential 27.5 45.2 Heliopolis Residential 35.7 88.5 4 Tebbin Industrial 18.1 30 96 South Tebbin Industrial 14 79.8 Fom El Khalig Heavy traffic 40.5 56.5 122 5.3 Abo Zabal Residential/industrial Shobra El Khima Industrial 80 42 130.9 Giza Residential 30.4 57.8 51.8 Giza Square Heavy traffic Mohandessin Residential 127.6

Violating values to legal limits14, according to Table 4.2, for yearly average are: 3 - Kollaly and Shobra El Kheima for SO2 (60 µ/m ) - South Tebbin for Black Smoke (60 µ/m3) 3 - All monitoring stations for PM10 (70 µ/m )

11 Source: Website of EEAA. 12 Source: EEAA, Air Quality in Egypt for 2005 13 Black Smoke 14 Also refer to Table 2.4 in Chapter 2 EcoConServ 52 ESIAF EGAS

Table 4-3: Number of violating days to the law in daily averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 200515 Station name Location description SO2 NO2 PM10 No % to No % to No % to days total days total days total Legal limit (µ/m3) 150 150 150 Kollaly Urban 89 26.6 0 0 64 33 Gomhoreya St. Heavy Traffic 8 2.4 1 0.4 - - Abbaseya Residential 1 0.3 - - 69 19.1 Nasr City Residential 0 0 3 2.6 - - Maadi Residential 0 0 1 0.6 - - Heliopolis Residential 0 0 1 1.3 50 27.3 Tebbin Industrial 0 0 0 0 58 16.7 South Tebbin Industrial 0 0 - - - - Fom Khalig Heavy traffic 1 0.3 0 0 84 26.7 Abo Zabal Residential/industrial Shobra El Khima Industrial 9 6.2 2 0.9 10 40 Giza Residential 0 0 0 0 - -

Table 4-4: Number of violating days to the law in hourly averages of air pollutants recorded in Greater Cairo during 200516 Station name Location description SO2 NO2 O3 CO No % to No % to No % to No % to hrs total hrs total hrs total hrs total Legal limit (µ/m3) 350 400 200 30 Kollaly Urban 102 1.35 0 0 - - - - Gomhoreya St. Heavy Traffic 3 0.04 0 0 - - 61 0.88 Abbaseya Residential 5 0.06 - - 2 0.03 - - Maadi Residential 0 0 0 0 - - - - Heliopolis Residential 0 0 - - - - 0 0 Tebbin Industrial 5 0.06 0 0 - - - - Fom Khalig Heavy traffic 4 0.05 0 0 - - 7 0.09 Shobra El Industrial 28 0.94 0 0 - - 7 0.09 Khima Giza Residential 8 0.12 0 0 0 0 - -

4.4 Geology

4.4.1 General outlines

The surface exposures of Greater Cairo belong almost totally to the Quaternary and to the Late Tertiary and are essentially developed into clastic facies. Eocene and Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks are locally exposed and are principally associated with fold-faulted structures. Oligo-Miocene basalt exists in the southern portion and also recorded in the subsurface.

15 Source: EEAA, Air Quality in Egypt for 2005 16 Source: EEAA, Air Quality in Egypt for 2005 EcoConServ 53 ESIAF EGAS

- Quaternary: Holocene: Occupies the present floodplain in the Nile River, composed of silty layers and act as semi-confining stratum in the Nile Delta. Pleistocene: Thick succession of deposits of graded sand and gravels intercalated with clay lenses, the thickness reaches about 100 m near Cairo. This unit acts as the main aquifer of the area. - Tertiary: Miocene: Occupies the southern portion of Greater Cairo, composed mainly of sand and gravel and local intercalation of limestone or shale. - Mesozoic: Upper Cretaceous: Present in the southern portion of the area with a thickness of up to 1000 m, and composed mainly of limestone and dolomite.

4.4.2 Geomorphology

Three main geomorphologic units can be identified in Greater Cairo: - The Structure Plateau: or The Eastern and Western Plateau; El Mokatam Plateau and Pyramids Plateau, which are underlain by limestone. The surface is generally complicated by faulding and faulting structures. - The Old Aluviatile Plain: The Northeast and Northwest plain underlain by sandstone and calcareous clay with the existence of some sand dunes. - The Young Alluvial Plain: Occupies the banks of the River Nile. The surface of this flood plain consists of a top layer of clay-silt and underlain by sand and gravel which is a water bearing formation of the alluvial aquifer. The Nile floodplain has an elevation of about 21m (amsl). To the east side of the flood plain, the ground surface rises towards El Mokattam to reach about 150m (amsl). To the west side, the surface rises 100m (amsl) at the Pyramid plateau. - The Nile River: Crosses the city from south to north, where the flow of the river depends on the discharge delivered from Aswan and the water withdrawn for irrigation along its pathway from Aswan to Cairo, However the flow of the river in Cairo varies from 100 to 300 million m3/day.

4.4.3 Tectonic Frameworks

Cairo has faced a number of earthquakes through the geologic history, the following is a brief description of major earthquakes recorded: - In 1847, an earthquake of magnitude 8 degree was felt, 100 dead, thousands injured and thousands of houses were destroyed. - In 1870, very wide earthquakes were felt all over Egypt, Greece, Turkey and Palestine, and had a magnitude of 6 degree. - In 1955 several earthquakes occurred and was strongly felt all over Egypt of magnitudes ranging between 6 and 7 degree. - In 1969, another earthquake of magnitude 6.3. - In 1974, and 1984, small earthquakes of a magnitude 4.5 were felt in Cairo. - In 1992 a moderate earthquake, 5.8 degree, but caused large damage in Greater Cairo.

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4.5 Groundwater

In Greater Cairo, the coarse massive sand and gravel Unit, belonging to the late Pleistocene is considered the main aquifer system with a maximum thickness of about 70 m and occupies almost all the area of the flood plain and parts of the adjacent elevated plains. The groundwater exists under semi-confined conditions as well as phereatic conditions.

4.5.1 Groundwater Flow

Groundwater flow is being observed by the Research Institute of Ground Water17 (RIGW) since 1950. It was observed that the piezometric levels decrease gradually from more than 15 m+msl in the southern portion to 11 m+msl in the north. The average piezometric gradient is about 11 cm/km. Groundwater flow direction is by definition perpendicular to the piezometric contour lines and therefore the flow direction is from south to north.

4.5.2 Hydraulic Parameters

The hydraulic parameters of the groundwater aquifer are as follows: - Vertical Permeability of the top clay layer varies from 0.03 to 0.05 m/day; - Aquifer Hydraulic conductivity varies from 20 to 70 m/day; - Transmissivity varies from 1000 to 11000 m2/day; and, - Aquifer Storativity varies from 0.0005 to 0.01.

4.5.3 Recharge and Discharge

Recharge sources are: - Seepage from the river and main canals; - Deep percolation from irrigation of cultivated lands; - Seepage from drinking water supply networks; and - Infiltration/seepage from the sewage trenches.

Discharge occurs as: - Groundwater return flow to the River Nile; - Interception by the sewage system; and - Groundwater extraction ( Data of 1991, RIGW, 1992). o 0.7 Milliom m3/year for irrigation from 16 wells. o 126.8 Million m3/year for drinking from 111 wells.

4.5.4 Hydrochemistry

Many authors, institutes and researchers studied the groundwater quality of Greater Cairo water for the purpose of different projects and/or studies, however, the groundwater quality could be summarized in the following main points: - Groundwater type is bicarbonates, indicating that the source of recharge is surface water; - Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate are also present in the deep aquifer which may indicate fossil water and/or recharge from domestic sources; and

17 RIGW is one of the research institutes of the National Water Research Center. EcoConServ 55 ESIAF EGAS

- TDS generally range between 1000 and 5000 ppm.

4.5.5 Groundwater Fluctuation and Rising Problems

The groundwater table in most of Greater Cairo regions ranges between 1 and 5 meters in most areas. Many places in Greater Cairo suffer from the problem of groundwater rising especially along the eastern bank of the River Nile. In the Old Cairo district the increase of groundwater varied between 1 and 3 m during the last 20 years due to absence of groundwater extraction. In the north western part of Greater Cairo a decrease in groundwater heads occured in the range of 1.75 to 2 m due to due to the expansion in building area. In the south western portion of Greater Cairo a decrease in groundwater of about 0.7 m was due to the excess of groundwater extraction for drinking purposes.

4.6 Surface Water

The River Nile passes through Greater Cairo, before it reaches the Nile Barrage north of Greater Cairo, where it starts branching to Dammietta Branch and Rosetta Branch forming the Nile Delta. Besides the River Nile, the Ismaileya Canal, is a major freshwater canal that supplies Suez Canal cities and passes through Greater Cairo. The Canal starts in Greater Cairo at Shobra district (north of Cairo) and passes through Shobra, El Matareya, and Mostorod districts before it continues to the east.

There are many irrigation canals which penetrate Greater Cairo, especially in Giza Governorate, such as Zenine Drain, Mariouteya Canal and Mansoureya Canal passing through El Haram, Saft El Laban, and Embaba districts. Water quality in the three latter watercourses are relatively lower than the corresponding quality of the River Nile and Ismaileya Canal, at its upstream reaches into Greater Cairo. They receive effluents from two major sewage treatment facilities (Zenine and Abou Rawash) in addition to receiving solid wastes from urban areas overlooking theses water courses. Figure 4-9 presents watercourses passing through Greater Cairo

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Figure 4-9: Watercourses passing through Greater Cairo

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4.7 Flora and Fauna

4.7.1 Flora

Most of the urban areas of Greater Cairo have rare vegetation cover, except from exotic vegetation for ornamental purposes. Apart from some public parks and trees planted on street sides and middle islands/medians, most areas are urbanized.

The Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs18 is implementing a plan for increasing green areas in Greater Cairo, by establishing new parks and increasing plantation of street sides. The Ministry is also implementing an ambitious project of establishing a Green Belt around Greater Cairo alongside the ring road. The Greater Cairo Green Belt shall be irrigated by treated wastewater, and shall cover 100 km around the city with an average width of 25 km on both sides of the ring road. The project shall be implemented in four stages: - Stage 1: covering 5km in Cairo Governorate, 28 km in Giza Governorate and 21 km in Qaliubeya Governorate; - Stage 2: covering intersecting roads with the ring road with a width of 25 km on both sides of the ring road; - Stage 3: establishing new parks with a total area of 80 feddans in the city in addition to parks in the outer districts such as Roubiki, 10th Ramadan, Imbaba Air Port, El Saff, 15th May, 6th October and El Tebbin; and - Stage 4: Separate green belts around new cities.

Agricultural areas are located near the urbanized Greater Cairo in the Nile Valley, especially as the Nile Delta starts to the north. Apart from that, the areas surrounding Greater Cairo are desert habitats that could have some perennial and ephemeral vegetation.

4.7.2 Fauna

Most of the fauna species in Greater Cairo are those species adapted to urban areas such as feral cats and dogs, rodents, lizards, bats and birds, which depend on waste for their nutrition. The deserts in the area is “species poor” affording little in the way of food or shelter for wildlife due to the lack of vegetation cover and complexity of the habitats. Bird migration is expected through the area in the spring and autumn as the Nile Valley and desert fringe are a well known migration corridor.

18 Source: Egypt State of the Environment Report 2004. EcoConServ 58 ESIAF EGAS

4.8 Traffic

4.8.1 Types of roads in Greater Cairo

The arterial road network in Greater Cairo Region (GCR) has two major functions: regional and urban. The regional road system serves the movement between the Greater Cairo Ring Road urban area and new communities (6th of October, 10th of Ramadan, etc.), whereas the urban road system serves the movement among the Greater Cairo Ring Road urban centers (Nasr city, Heliopolis, Dokki, etc.). The road system in GCR can be classified into 6 classes as follows:

a- Regional Primary Arterial Highway: It is the high level of road system which serves long distance trips between central metropolitan area and suburban new settlement areas in and around GCR. It is provided with high standard design features and a partial control of access. Cairo/ Ismailia Desert Highway is an example. b- Urban Expressway: It is a special type of urban primary arterials with full control of access. It carries a major portion of urban trips in the metropolitan area with the highest possible speed. It will have grade separation to with other roads in the form of a viaduct or a tunnel above or below the existing urban primary arterial streets. It comprises 2 or 3 lanes in each direction of travel. Parking and public transport services are prohibited. Sixth of October elevated road is an example. c- Urban Primary Arterial Street: It carries major portions of traffic inside the urban area. It is normally constructed at-grade and intersects with other grades of the road system. It is composed of 3 or 4 lanes in each direction of travel. Public transport services exist with frequent bus stops; preferably in a lay-by to avoid disruptions to through traffic. On-street parking is normally prohibited to maximize the road's throughput. Ramsis and Corniche El Nile roads are examples. d- Urban Secondary Arterial Street: It is an arterial type of a lower grade than the primary arterial network (e.g. lower number of lanes). It serves trips of moderate length in the urban area. On-street parking is permitted along this type of streets. e- Collector/Distributor Street: It is considered the main street in a residential or commercial unit surrounded by the primary and secondary arterial network. It collects and distributes the local traffic to/from the primary and secondary arterial street network. It comprises 2 lanes in each direction with on-street parking. Public transport services may exist. f- Local Street: It is the lowest road type with the lowest capacity and design speed. Its function is to provide direct connections to the land uses on both sides of the street. It comprises one lane in each direction of travel. On-street parking is permitted while no public transport services exist.

4.8.2 Existing Traffic Data for GCR Urban Road System:

Daily and peak hour traffic volumes were obtained for the major road network. The study of "Public-Private Partnership Program for Urban Toll Express-way System" was carried out by JICA in collaboration with the Ministry of Transport in 2005/2006. It provides the latest data EcoConServ 59 ESIAF EGAS

that can be used in the current study. The available traffic data of the arterial streets are illustrated in Table 4-5.

Table 4-5: Daily & Peak Hour Traffic Volume for Major Road Network19 Direction of Traffic Peak Hour Traffic 24-Hour Street Name Flow Volume Volumes Dir 1: To Dir 2: To Dir 1: To Dir 2: To Lebanon 6th of Oct. 26th of July Corridor 3,176 4,204 93,843 Sq. city Cairo Autostrade Helwan 1,433 2,018 39,984 Airport Cairo Nasr Road Helwan 8,050 6,529 202,874 Airport Gesr El-Suez St. Ismailia CBD 2,619 3,346 80,741 Abou Bakr El-Sedeeq Tagneed Orouba St. 2,753 2,458 59,382 St. Sq. Mataria Ismailia Kablat St. 980 828 26,991 Sq. Canal Ramsis Lotfy El-Sayed St. - 4,078 - 61,437 Sq. Ahmed Helmi St. Qalyoub CBD 1,624 2,223 42,328 Abbasia Ramsis Ramsis St. 3,067 5,103 93,653 Sq. Sq. Cairo Salah Salem Road Giza Sq. 3,719 3,804 109,037 Airport Tereat El-Zomor Road Haram St. Ring Road 2,298 1,701 51,556 Sudan St. Imbaba Haram St. 1,218 1,514 42,151

A transport planning model was developed for GCR in order to simulate traffic conditions in the present as well as in a 20-year horizon. The results of the model indicated that the overall road network of GCR has a volume-to-capacity ratio of 0.84 in year 2005 indicating near capacity conditions. The average travel speed was 17.1 km/hour. Of special interest are the results for 6th of October and 15th of May elevated roads; both have a volume-to-capacity ratio of 1.29 indicating saturation, and an average speed of 19.9 km/hour.

As for the main arterial road network, the volume-to-capacity and level of service during the peak hour are determined as illustrated in Table 4-6. The level of service is a qualitative measure of the traffic flow condition on the road. It is an indicator of the quality of flow under the prevailing conditions of the road and traffic composition. Six levels are defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (Highway Capacity Manual 2000, Transportation Research Board, USA, 2000) for the various road types, and these are represented by letters “A” to “F”, with “A” representing best conditions and “F” representing worst conditions.

19 Source: "Public-Private Partnership Program for Urban Toll Express-way System", JICA & Ministry of Transport, Final Report, October 2006 EcoConServ 60 ESIAF EGAS

Table 4-6: Peak Hour Level of Service for Major Road Network

Peak Hour Peak Volume-to- Level of Street Name Traffic Direction To Capacity Service Volume 26th of July Corridor 6th of Oct. city 4,204 0.876 D Autostrade Helwan 2,018 0.42 C Nasr Road Cairo Airport 8,050 1.12 F Gesr El-Suez St. CBD 3,346 0.744 D Abou Bakr El-Sedeeq Orouba St. 2,753 0.612 D St. Kablat St. Mataria Sq. 980 0.218 B Lotfy El-Sayed St. Ramsis Sq. 4,078 0.906 E Ahmed Helmi St. CBD 2,223 0.741 D Ramsis St. Ramsis Sq. 5,103 0.911 E Salah Salem Road Giza Sq. 3,804 0.906 E Tereat El-Zomor Road Haram St. 2,298 0.766 D Sudan St. Haram St. 1,514 0.505 C

As can be seen, most of the arterial roads operate at a level of service "D" or "E", indicating near or at capacity conditions. Nasr Road operates at level “F” meaning saturation condition and the need to increase its capacity by widening. Therefore, any disruptions to traffic (e.g. frequent stops by shared taxis to pick-up passengers) result in partial (and sometimes complete) stop of traffic as well as long queues. The overall travel speed reduces drastically and high delays are observed.

These factors will present an important element that should be treated with care during the construction of the project. It should be noted that a "Transport Master Plan" has been produced by JICA in collaboration with the Ministry in Transport (2003). The Master Plan comprises four 5-year plans of the transport network required to accommodate the future population density and land use distribution up to year 2022. The Master Plan includes the committed road projects by different authorities and ministries during the current five year plan 2007-2012 as well as new transport projects for the period 2012-2022. Examples of the committed transport projects include Underground Metro Line 3 and the completion of GCR Ring Road. New road projects include the GCR Expressway Network of a length of approximately 90 km.

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Figure 4-10: Main roads in Greater Cairo

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Figure 4-11: Railway lines in Greater Cairo

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Figure 4-12: Metro lines in Greater Cairo

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4.9 Structural Integrity of Buildings

Buildings in Greater Cairo can be classified into three distinct types of structural systems:

1. Load bearing masonry walls 2. Skeleton type structures 3. Mixed systems

4.9.1 Load Bearing Masonry Walls

The load bearing masonry wall system basically depends on the walls of the building as the structural elements. The material used in these walls is either limestone or red brick (or shale brick). In some buildings both types of material are used in the same building. Historically, load bearing masonry walls were the prevailing type of construction until 1920, when reinforced concrete structures started appearing in the Heliopolis area. Since then, reinforced concrete structures started to be used gradually until it became the prevailing type of construction nowadays.

The floors for the load bearing masonry walls used to be timber flooring. The timber used to be 4x4 inches in cross section with timber flooring on top of it of ½ x 4 inches in cross section. This type of flooring is considered a flexible floor system. By time, and due to the current relationship between the landlord and the leassee and the consequent lack of maintenance situation of these buildings, flooring was worn out and most of the flooring was modified by tenants to be either timber supported on steel beams or the timber was removed and replaced by reinforced concrete flooring. The reinforced concrete flooring on top of the load bearing masonry walls typically has a small depth beam of width equal to the wall thickness and depth typically of 25 cm.

4.9.2 Skeleton type structural System

Skeleton structures can be made of either reinforced concrete (RC) or steel. Reinforced concrete is the prevailing material in residential buildings. In RC structures the floor could be as follows: - Slab and Beam Type: The spans are typically from 3 meters and up to 6 meters. The beam depth reaches 60-70 cm. - Flat Slab: This can be called beamless. Usually it has a small number of beams at the perimeter of the building. This type is more expensive than the first one and accordingly it is less used than the slab and beam type. - Hollow Blocks: This type can also be called beamless from the appearance point of view; however, this type has a large number of hidden beams between columns. It may have some beams at the perimeter.

It is worthy to mention that in most of the buildings, the slab and beam type, if not used alone, is used in the same floor with the other two flooring systems, either the flat slab or the hollow block type.

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4.9.3 Mixed Systems:

This system could be found mainly in informal settlements and poor housing areas. In this system the two distinct structural systems, skeleton and load bearing walls, are used in the same building. All possible combinations could be found: load bearing walls on top of RC skeleton type and the reverse. In most cases this type is not acceptable from a structural point.

4.9.4 Most Common Structural Problems

The three structural systems described earlier are very sensitive to any differential settlement. Moreover, they usually have been exposed to various kinds of weakening factors such as: - Fluctuating ground water levels; - Sewage water harmful effects; - Backfilling of surrounding roads; and - Harsh use and over loading.

4.10 Culturally Valuable Sites

Greater Cairo is one of the world's richest areas of culturally valuable sites. Such culturally valuable sites could be categorized into three main categories: - Giza Plateau including the Pyramids, Sphinx and Pharoanic antiqueties; - Monuments and historical buildings of Old Cairo; and - Architecturally valuable buildings.

4.10.1 The Giza Plateau

The Giza Plateau is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Site. In addition to the three Giza Pyramids and Sphinx, the surrounding desert is closely associated with antiquities. It includes many Ancient Egyptian antiquities that are still being discovered. Recently, the statue of Ramses II has been transferred near the Platue where the new Grand Egyptian Museum is under construction. The Giza Plateau is located at the borders of El Haram District.

4.10.2 Monuments and Historical Buildings of Old Cairo

This category includes antiquities of Islamic and Coptic Cairo. The historical sites includes mosques, churches, water supply structures (aqueducts), and ancient buildings. Such sites are concentrated in old districts of Cairo, such as Masr El Kadima, El Sayeda Zeinab, Ain El Sira, El Khalifa and El Darb El Ahmar.

Such sites are currently being documented by the Center For Documentation Of Cutltural and Natural Heritage (CULTNAT).

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Figure 4-13: Overview of Greater Cairo monuments

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Figure 4-14: Islamic monuments of Old Cairo – From CULTNAT with permission

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4.10.3 Architecturally Valuable Buildings in Greater Cairo

Greater Cairo contains numerous buildings of architectural value, which have been built in the 19th Century and 20th Century. CULTNAT is currently in the process of documenting all such sites in Greater Cairo, however, only a few districts of Greater Cairo have been covered during the completion of this report.

4.11 Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators

4.11.1 Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of Greater Cairo

Social baseline data depends on two main sources of data, namely, primary and secondary data. Secondary data has been collected from various relevant and available reports, including Egypt Human Development Report 2005 (EHDR) Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey 2005 (EDHS), and CAPMAS information that are provided on the web or in the reports and the census. Primary data has been collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire that was applied on 500 respondents from different social levels and districts. In addition, two focus group discussions were conducted with male and female groups. In- depth interviews also were conducted with representatives of EGAS, Town Gas and BUTAGASCO (the company responsible for distribution of LPG cylinders) to cover all the points related to gas installations.

4.11.2 Geography

Greater Cairo is spread across three of Egypt's administrative governorates. The north eastern part is Qalubia Governorate, while the west bank is part of the Governorate of Giza, and the eastern and south eastern parts belong to Cairo Governorate. The Project will be implemented in two governorates, namely, Cairo and Giza Governorates.

4.11.3 Administrative Districts

Cairo covers an area of more than 3085.12 sq km and is divided into 31 administrative districts. Bracketed by the desert to the east, south, and west and bounded by the Nile delta to the north. The inhabited areas cover 96.52 sq km, whereas agricultural lands cover about 15.45 sq km.

Giza is the gate to Upper Egypt’s parts. It lies on the banks of the Nile. Giza covers about 13184 sq. km, which is about 8.5% of the area of Egypt. Giza Governorate is divided into Giza town that includes 7 districts and 42 Shiakha (sub–districts),Bad Conditions 9 Markaz (urban in the units) Streets and 52 rural units, 170 villages and 637 Izba (small villages). The inhabited areas cover 1191 sq. km, whereas agricultural lands cover about 776 sq. km.

In terms of gas connections accessibility and buildings status,20 the project has categorized the districts in Cairo and Giza into 3 main categories, as indicated in Section 3-5. In fact, the categories provided do not match completely with the administrative districts. The table below illustrates the distribution of areas according to administrative districts.

20 The connection of NG will be manily based on house condition. EcoConServ 69 ESIAF EGAS

Table 4-7: The Distribution of Areas by Administrative Districts

Serial Areas Administrative Districts Governorate

TYPE (A) 1 New Cairo, Shrouq New Cairo 2 Badr City Misr El Gadeeda 3 El Mokattam El Khaleifa Cairo 4 15th of May City 15th of May city 5 El Hadied we El Solb buildings Tebbin 6 El Hoda city Helwan TYPE (B) 7 Qeba – Omar Ebn El Khatab- Sheraton Buildings Nozha 8 Saqr Qoriesh – Degla Maadi 9 Embassies area – El Saudia Buildings Nasr City Cairo 10 Sayeda Zeinab Sayda Zeinab

11 Abdeen Abdeen 12 Garden City Kasr El Nil 13 Hadayek El Qobba Hadayek El Qobba 14 Kabesh – El Remaia – El Sadr Hospital El Haram Giza TYPE (C) 15 Sakakieny El Zaher 16 Fagala El Wayly 17 El Nour and El Gondoul Buildings El Zawya El Hamra 18 Matariya Matariya Cairo 19 Ain Shams Ain Shams (Heliopolis) 20 Dar El Salam El Basateen 21 El Sharabeia El Sharabeia 22 Misr El Qadeima Misr El Qadeima 23 Moneeb –Saqiet Meky El Giza district 24 Bolak El Dakrour Bolak El Dakrour Giza 25 El Waraak El Waraak

26 Tag El Dewal Imbaba District 27 El Omrania El Omrania

Squatters are defined as “Not organized, illegal areas where the dwellings were built without legal permission and the streets are not well designed”. Squatters are spread all around Cairo and Giza, often changing the authentic characteristics of many districts. For instance, El Maadi suburb was well known for being an upper middle class district. Today, the spread of squatters have changed part of its characteristics, in particular, the areas near El Basateen district. Many luxurious houses and villas have been transformed into low class apartment EcoConServ 70 ESIAF EGAS

buildings. The squatters are a big problem for any developmental project, since they are not well designed. In addition, the facilities are extremely poor condition in these areas. According to the definition of the squatter, most of the dwellings are not suitable for natural gas connections, as the strict safe policies of gas companies never approve to provide gas for the unorganized areas. Hence, most of these areas would be deprived of natural gas. Main roads and wide streets will be the only parts that benefit from the project.

4.11.4 Basic Demographic Characteristics

4.11.4.1 Population

The total population of Cairo is estimated to be 7,899,000 (CAPMAS 2004), of which 48.9% are females. Cairo’s population represents around 11.09% of Egypt’s total population. Population size varies among the districts. El Basateen has the largest population size (751,900), followed by Helwan (619,294). The smallest population size is found in Kasr El Niel district (14,581), followed by Zamalek district (16,537). In Cairo, the number of households is about 1,657,081 (CAPMAS). In addition to the 7.8 million, another 2 million migrants visit the city each day.

The total population of Giza is around 5,536,000, of which 48.4% are females. Giza’s population represents about 8.06% of the total Egyptian population distributed among rural (2,245,000) and urban areas (3,291,000). Within the selected areas where the project will be implemented, Imbaba and El Omrania are of the largest size (Imbaba 625,266) (El Omrania 608,587), while El Haram has the smallest population (243,057). In Giza, the total number of households is 1,081,606 (CAPMAS).

Squatters’ population represents about 6 million people (Cairienes + migrants) . They represent about (55%) of the Greater Cairo population. The distribution of the squatters revealed that they are surrounding the whole Greater Cairo. The highest proportion of the population lives in the Eastern areas (2.182 million) because of the expansion of the urban areas and the migration of Upper Egyptians to these areas. Whereas the least percentage of the squatter population live in the western areas. Most of these areas will be deprived of natural gas connection because of their unsuitability for gas infrastructure, especially, the illegal buildings and the narrow roads.

In view of the distribution of population, it is expected that at least 20.0% of the total Egyptian population will benefit from the project.

It should also be noted here that different cultures and people groups (i.e. Upper Egyptians, people from northern and eastern parts, Bedouins, and many other groups of people) live in Cairo. This is not only because Cairo is the capital, but also due to the numerous job opportunities which it provides. Congestion

Giza Governorate is also inhabited by many different groups of people, including people originally from Upper Egypt, urban dwellers, and peasants. Tag El Dewal and El Moneeb (2 areas in which the project will be implemented in) are ranked amongst the poorest areas in terms of their human development index score (EHDR 2005). This clearly shows that the project will be implemented in both poor and rich districts.

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4.11.4.2 Age Structure

The age-distribution of the population in the two governorates is almost identical. Children less than five years constitute 9.0% in Cairo and 12.7 % in Giza. Children 5-10 years of age are almost identical too, with 10.0 % in Cairo and 12.8% in Giza. Adolescents in the age group of 10-19 years old represent 23% of the population in Cairo, and almost 25.0% in Giza. This means the majority of the population is young people. The remaining categories (40-49 years old) are adults representing over 16.26% of the population in Cairo and 13.6% in Giza (CAPMAS Statistics 2004). Age structure will give an indication how the community will develop during the project period.

4.11.4.3 Birth Rate

The crude birth rate in Cairo is estimated at 24.20 live births/1000 population per year, which is less than the rate reported for Egypt as a whole (27.4), while Giza has almost 26.20 live births/1000 population per year (CAPMAS 2004).

4.11.4.4 Death Rate

In Cairo, the death rate is approximately the same as the total death rate in Egypt as a whole; since the national estimate is 6.2 deaths/1000 population per year, and the rate in Cairo is 6.6 deaths/1000 population per year. In Giza, the death rate is identical to the national rate at 6.2 deaths/1000 population per year (UNDP).

4.11.4.5 Rate of Natural Increase

The rate of natural increase represents the difference between the level of births and deaths in a population. It indicates how fast a population will grow (EDHS 2005). The rate of natural increase varies from Cairo to Giza, in Cairo it is 17.6 whereas in Giza it is 19.9 (CAPMAS 2004).

4.11.4.6 Handicapped

The total number of handicapped people in Cairo is approximated 26,604 (CAPMAS estimations 2004), of which almost 45.3% are paralyzed either partially or totally, while the visually impaired individuals constitute about 3.116% of all handicapped people (CAPMAS). It could be said that handicapped people are, to some extent, marginalized within the Egyptian society. For instance, there are no specific services tailored for LPG cylinders delivery for handicapped individuals. Instead, they have to obtain their cylinders with the help of other people.

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4.11.5 Living Conditions

4.11.5.1 Household Size and Density

Household is defined as “Family (and non-family) members who share residence and livelihood, and operate as one social and economic unit”. The customary levels of demographic parameters and the norms governing living arrangement patterns, together determine the size and composition of households in any population (El Tweela, Sahar)21.

The 1996 census reported a national average household size of 4.7. In Cairo, the national average size of the household is 4.1 and in Giza it is 4.4, which makes the average in both governorates very close to the national average.

Density is not as high as may be anticipated. In fact, household density, in both Cairo and Giza, is not high at all, at 1.1 in Cairo and 1.3 in Giza (UNDP 2005).

4.11.5.2 Access to Electricity

Access to electricity in both Giza and Cairo is high at 99.9% in Cairo and 99.3% in Giza (UNDP 2005). This is primarily due to the care given to improve the living conditions for people in Greater Cairo in particular. Even squatter areas have access to electricity regardless of their formality and legality. However, the quality of electricity service is not good in the squatters's areas.

4.11.5.3 Source of Potable Water

Accessibility to piped water varies between 99.9% in Cairo and 94.2% in Giza. This variation is primarily due to the deprivation from potable water in the rural areas in Giza.

The high rate of access to potable water is mainly due to the Government’s clear prioritization of water issues. Most households have easy access to water (tap water in dwellings). Nevertheless, water in some areas (El Basateen and Dar El Salam) is not completely potable because in some instances it may be mixed with sewage water. Moreover, water pipes also can be damaged, as with the recent case in Nasr City where the damaged pipes resulted into water pouring onto the streets, covering the streets in water for 5 days.

4.11.5.4 Sanitation

Access to a proper sewage system is high in both Cairo and Giza, with a connectivity rate of 99.9% in Cairo and 99.0% in Giza (EHDR). This is mainly due to the Government’s key interest in sanitation and in covering the needs of the entire population with regards to sewage networks. Most dwellings in Cairo and Giza are equipped with flush toilets.. Very few households share toilets with one another, and those that do, are categorized as the most deprived of dwellings. Having access to a sewage system is an indicator of stability in the districts. Nevertheless, in the squatters, the sewage system is badly designed and maintained. Most of the time, the pipes are damaged and sewage water pours onto the streets.

21“Children in Six Districts in Upper Egypt: Situational Analysis”. EcoConServ 73 ESIAF EGAS

4.11.6 Human Development Profile

Egypt’s Human Development Report (2005) ranked 450 districts, cities, and administrative neighborhoods of a city according to their human development index scores. Cairo was ranked as the second governorate, whereas Giza ranked the tenth.

4.11.6.1 Education

Education is an important indicator for raising awareness programs that may be needed for people, in particular around the PRS locations. In Egypt, different levels of education are provided as follows: Primary education starts at age 6 and continues for a period of 6 years of schooling. This is then followed by preparatory school for 3 years. The two stages represent basic compulsory education. Secondary education is for 3 years, which is finally followed by higher / university education.

The Egyptian Human Development (2005) reported that adult education rate is 81.2% in 2004 in Cairo, whereas the rate is 71.2% in Giza. The rate for both governorates is higher than national rate of 65.7%. Literacy rate varies between Cairo 81.2% and Giza 71.2% on one hand, and the national rate 65.7% on another hand.

The proportion of enrollment in education is 78.5% in Cairo, whereas it is 70.3% in Giza. The rate of enrollment in basic and secondary education is 99.4% in Cairo and 86.1% in Giza. There are no significant differences between squatters’ population and the rest of the population.

4.11.6.2 Work Status

Having a clear idea about work status gives important social indications, as some businesses might be affected due to the existence of the project.

Cairo represents 30.4% of the total national labor force. Giza represents 27.0% of national labor force (UNDP 2005). Approximately 70.5% of Cairo’s labor works in the services sector, while 57.3% working in the same sector in Giza. The sector with the least percentage of labor force is the agricultural sector, representing only 0.2% in Cairo and 14.4% in Giza.

Working females represent 21.8% of the total work force in Cairo and 12.5% in Giza This discrepancy between the two governorates may be due to the existence of more rural areas and informal sectors in Giza. The rate of unemployment is about 9.7% among Cairo population and 7.7% in Giza (CAPMAS).

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Table 4-8: Unemployment rate” Statistical Year Book 2004. CAPMAS” Governorate Cairo Giza Total 9.7 7.7 Unemployment Rate % +15 Female Total 24.7 22.4 Urban / Rural Urban 9.7 9.9 Unemployment Rate% Rural 0 3.8 Less Secondary 1.2 1.3 Educational Level Secondary 12.1 13.9 University 12.2 11

Table 4-9: Labor Force “Statistical Year Book 2004. CAPMAS” Governorate Cairo Giza Labor Force 15+ (as % of Total Population) 30.5 27.1 % of females in the labor force 15+ 21.8 12.5 % of Agriculture 0.2 14.4 Labor Industry 26.3 28.3 Force in: Services 70.5 57.3 Professionals and Technicians 27.2 16.9 Employees in Governmental and Public Sector 68.6 56.5 Female Wage Earners (%) 70.9 65.4 Employees in Governmental and Public Sector of Total Workers 42.6 30.2 Female Employees in Governmental and Public Sector (% of Total Workers) 64.6 61

Child labor is one of the important challenges that face any developmental project. EDHS 2005 reported that 18.6% of children aged 6-14 in the household sampled in 2005 were engaged in activities classified as child labor. Almost 17.0% of these were children in the lowest wealth quintile. In some cases, the children are engaged in dangerous work. A Child Protection Survey (conducted by the Social Research Center) revealed that children are pushed by their parents to work and to provide their parents with income or to use this money to pay for their scholastic fees. Working children represent the main source of street children, since they feel independent, in particular those between the ages of 14 -16, since they re able to easily leave their families and live on their own on the streets.

With regards to the areas that are to be served by the project, child labor is clearly an important social issue, since it is both a lucrative and fairly easy job for children. Many children, along with their fathers or older brothers, are responsible for distributing LPG cylinders to the houses. They sit on top of the carts to watch over the LPG cylinders while their fathers are distributing them. Children ages 6 to 12 often guard the cylinders, whereas, children within the age bracket of 13 to 18 work as distributors. Regardless of gender, both boys and girls are working in this area and doing the same tasks.

Child labor represents a significant problem, since children are deprived of attending school and a big proportion of those children drop out of schooling. They might benefit economically from the LPG distribution; however, they suffer from illiteracy and bad health conditions.

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4.11.6.3 Economic Wellbeing

In 2005, EHDR reported that the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is LE 7,622.6 in Cairo and LE 4,613.1 in Giza. This means that the two governorates are above the poverty line. This would be a useful indication for willingness to pay. Nevertheless, poor people represent 4.3% of Cairo’s population and 14.0% of the population in Giza.

While 95.9% of the households in Cairo and 93.1% in Giza own TV sets, this can not be considered as a good indicator for poverty since some assets such as TV appliances may be within the possession of poor people. Regardless of low income and poor conditions, people can often afford to own and possess certain appliances. This means, that if they put into consideration the importance of connection to natural gas, they might find some means to afford the costs associated with being connected.

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5. Potentially Significant Environmental and Social Impacts

5.1 Positive Impacts

Achieving the project objectives will yield many social, economic and environmental benefits, and will help in meeting the targets of the overall Energy Strategy for the country.

Among the social benefits that could be achieved by the project during the construction phase are: - Provide job opportunities to semi-skilled and unskilled laborers. Those are mostly poor people and their living conditions are harsh. The project could of a major importance to them, since it could be a main source of income during the construction phase. - Achieve benefits to owners of cafés and small restaurants in the project areas through providing services to the construction workers.

Moreover, there will be numerous benefits to the society accruing from the project during the operation phase, some of which are:

- NG is safe, while LPG is more dangerous due to potential leaks and burning accidents. It has been reported that a large number of families (unidentified) were exposed to harmful emissions from LPG leaks. Consequently, people will feel safer with natural gas. - No threats of harmful behavior from gas cylinders’ distributors who enter homes to change the cylinders. - Avoid contamination with insects and dirt which are normally associated with LPG cylinders. - NG is available around the clock, which eliminates the inconvenience caused when the LPG runs out during use. - Avoid noise associated with LPG cylinders’ distributors - Reduce LPG cylinders’ prices in the city, which shall be to the benefit of the poor who are not connected to NG. - Reduce child labor in gas cylinders’ distribution. - Minimize difficulties of getting gas cylinders to handicapped people, women and elderly people.

The project shall also result in some environmental benefits, which include: - Reducing exhaust emissions and dust generated from LPG trucks. - Reducing traffic of such vehicles. - Reducing consumption of fossil fuel by such vehicles. - Reducing environmental impacts associated with production and storage facilities of LPG cylinders.

5.2 Potentially Negative Impacts during Construction

By analyzing the project activities during the construction phase, the most significant negative impacts that may be encountered are: - Reduction of traffic flow EcoConServ 77 ESIAF EGAS

- Air emissions - Noise - Risk to infrastructure - Effects on some structures - Effects on culturally valuable sites - Waste disposal

An Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework (ESMMF) has been formulated to mitigate these impacts. The ESMMF is detailed in Chapter 7.

5.2.1 Reduction of Traffic Flow

The installation of the natural gas network is bound to affect the traffic operations during construction. The construction will entail narrowing major roads by longitudinal and/or lateral excavation. Either method will produce different levels of impact on the major road network.

The narrowing of the road will reduce the number of traffic lanes available for traffic movement and will also entail the prohibition of on-street parking along the length of the road works. The narrowing may reduce the right-lane either partially or totally. In either case, traffic will shy away from the construction side and encroach with traffic in the adjacent lanes. Below is a summary of the major impacts on the arterial roads and local street systems. Mitigations measures to minimize traffic impacts are presented in Chapter 7.

5.2.1.1 Impacts on Arterial Road System

As illustrated earlier, the arterial road network carries the highest traffic volume in the GCR road system. A direct result of the construction works would be the reduction in the average travel speed on these roads. Although it is difficult to quantify such an effect without a detailed study, an approximation would be estimated by using a hypothetical reduced number of lanes. For instance, if the construction work is carried out along Gesr El Suez Street, it is envisaged that the road capacity would be reduced by a nominal 25% and the volume-to- capacity ratio would reduce to 0.93, i.e. capacity conditions. A similar exercise can be carried out for the remaining roads. The general conclusion is that the level of service would be reduced one level at least.

The lateral excavation is bound to produce similar effects, however at only one section of the road. This method of construction entails the closure of a lane or more at a point along the road. As such, this type of work can take place during off peak periods, preferably during night-time when traffic volumes are lowest. The road cross section at the site can then be reinstated during daytime to resume normal traffic conditions. Therefore, the reduction in the number of lanes will have a minimal effect.

In addition, as drivers approach such a construction site, would tend to change their lanes prior to the site and adjust their speed to that of the traffic in the adjacent lanes. These maneuvers will be easier to carry out when traffic volumes are low during night time, i.e. from midnight to 6:00 am.

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As illustrated, both construction procedures will increase delays in traffic and reduce the speed of the vehicles. The effect on traffic will depend on the daily and peak hour traffic volumes as well as the roads' cross sections.

5.2.1.2 Impacts on Local Street System

By definition, the local street network carries the lowest traffic volume. Average travel speeds on these streets are as low as 15-20 km/hr. Disruptions to traffic due to the construction would be different from those for arterial roads. The local streets are narrow in width. The lateral excavation would mean almost blocking a direction. Therefore, traffic in both directions would be using one lane only. Opposing traffic (although little) can block the street if they arrive at the same time. Therefore, the level of service in this case will depend primarily on the judgment of each driver as to the best way to avoid blocking the street.

In any case, lesser impact is envisaged on the local road network since they are considered low volume roads that are expected to use these streets at low speeds.

5.2.2 Air Emissions

Air emissions during construction shall arise from: - Excavation / backfilling operations which generate suspended particles. - Dispersion from stockpiles of waste or sand used for filling trenches. - Exhaust from excavation vehicles (excavators, trenchers, loaders, trucks) containing SOx, NOx, CO, VOCs, etc.

The effects of such impacts are expected to be local and short term; especially that soil stockpiling is normally minimum at the site, and is normally filled within the same day.

Law 4/1994 has very strict standards to preserve the air quality. As previously indicated in Chapter 2, the Law has identified certain measures to control excavation, soil stockpiling, soil haulage and exhaust from vehicles. These measures have been considered in the recommended environmental management practices in Chapter 7.

Another indirect source of air emissions is the traffic congestions that may happen. Air emissions from vehicles usually are effected by different modes of traffic, including traffic congestions. This was the conclusion of a study undertaken by the MOSEA which covered three districts of Greater Cairo, aiming at correlating traffic density variation, traffic congestion, and traffic flow to concentration of certain air pollutants.

The study was undertaken in 200122 by recording readings of El Kollaly, El Gomhoreya St. and Fom El Khalig monitoring stations during certain traffic modes. The results of the study have been summarized in the following points, relevant to traffic congestions. - When the traffic was standing, due to traffic jams, very high CO concentrations and relatively low SO2 concentrations were recorded - When the traffic moves with high speed the lower CO concentrations are recorded. Also relatively high PM10 concentrations have been recorded probably due to the effect of re-suspension of particles in streets by moving vehicles.

22 Source: Website of EEAA, EIMP programme (http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/eimp/impactfromtraffic.html) EcoConServ 79 ESIAF EGAS

5.2.3 Noise

Construction activities shall increase noise levels caused by excavation machinery. Construction noise varies from increase of noise intensity due to engine operation, and intermittent impacts which may take place during demolition of asphalt, either by a trencher or by a jack hammer.

Law 4/1994 has defined certain standards, discussed in Chapter 2, for noise intensity and exposure periods in the work place, in addition to certain limits for ambient noise levels for different types of urban and rural areas.

The effects on construction labor are considered more significant, because they are exposed to high levels of noise for relatively longer periods. Residents of neighboring areas are the second level recipients of elevated noise levels, as the noise intensity will be relatively attenuated at their locations.

Traffic congestions, which could be caused by excavation works, also have effects on noise levels in the area, which may increase ambient average noise intensity levels.

5.2.4 Risk on Infrastructure

Most of the underground infrastructure pipelines (such as water, sewerage and telecommunication) in Greater Cairo have been established a long time ago, without accurate documentation for its routes and depths. Therefore, the risk of breaking infrastructure lines is relatively high. Normally the contractor applies manual excavation to avoid such situations where he is obliged to pay for the damage, as previously indicated in Chapter 3.

The most important environmental impact will arise in case a sewerage pipe is broken, and wastewaters accumulate in the trench and, possibly, over flood to the streets causing significant nuisance to the surrounding environment.

Breaking a water supply pipe may result in cutting the supply to a number of residential units, which may, if it is sustained for a long period, direct residents to use other sources of water which may be either expensive or unsafe.

The effects of cutting telecommunication cables during excavation are mainly socioeconomic, due to cutting possible business communications.

5.2.5 Effects on Some Structures

Weak and old structures are very sensitive to differential settlements, which could be caused, mainly, by dewatering.

Excavation for natural gas pipelines is usually shallow and does not exceed 1.0 meter depth. In very few areas in Greater Cairo ground water depth may be less than that. If groundwater was not encountered during excavation of normal trenches there will be no effects. In case if groundwater is encountered and dewatering is applied, there might be effects if the dewatering was sustained for a long duration. Dewatering in silty and sandy soils can move EcoConServ 80 ESIAF EGAS

fine soil particles and wash it away through the surface pump, which creates voids and spaces in the soil surrounding the excavation and the nearby buildings.

It is worth noting that areas/sectors where weak structures exist are classified as "no gas area" by Town Gas to avoid such problems. Therefore the risks of causing damage to buildings are well considered and avoided by the normal construction procedures of Town Gas.

Another, relatively minor, risk which could be encountered is weakening the structural system during drilling holes in the walls for house connections. Usually, wall drilling in load bearing masonry walls does not have an effect on the structural system. The walls with their long sections provide a large carrying capacity. The hole for the pipe usually is very small compared to the wall section. Moreover, the beams of the flooring system are small and can easily be avoided by carefully selecting the level of the drilling with respect to the ceiling. For skeleton type buildings, although drilling in columns or beams could have a significant effect on the structure, it is believed that this risk is well understood among connection workers and could be avoided.

5.2.6 Effect on Culturally Valuable Sites

The effects on culturally valuable sites could take place according to the following main aspects: 1. Causing structural damage to a monument due to possible dewatering during excavation. 2. Causing effects on monument's foundations due to excavation works. 3. Causing damage to the monument body by vibration of machinery. 4. Reducing the aesthetic value of the site. 5. Improper management of discovered antiquities during excavation.

The first aspect has been discussed in the previous Section. Dewatering could cause differential settlement to the monument structures, which causes risks to its integrity. This could be more applicable if the groundwater table was reduced under the foundation level.

In the second aspect, the foundation of the monument could be affected if excavation works were close to the foundation, and simultaneously, the foundation level being relatively shallow. This could also cause differential settlement and may cause cracks and stability risks to the monument body.

The third aspect is about the risk of vibrations caused by machinery such as a trencher and jack hammer. These vibrations could cause cracks and surface damage to the stones of the monument, and risks its stability.

The forth aspect is more about architecturally valuable sites, which is discussed in Chapter 3. According to the CULTNAT classification, the site could be classified as architecturally valuable for its artistic design, its elevation view, artistic balcony, windows, domes or other components. Fixing gas risers and connections next to such components may reduce their artistic value.

The final aspect, although has a very low possibility of occurrence because most streets of Greater Cairo have been excavated for infrastructure, is mentioned in the Antiquities Law EcoConServ 81 ESIAF EGAS

presented in Chapter 2. Finding an antiquity during excavation could risk the loss or damage of this antiquity if improperly managed.

5.2.7 Waste Disposal

Wastes that are generated during the construction phase include:

- Excavated soil and excess sand; - Concrete and bricks waste; - Demolished asphalt; - Containers of chemicals and lubricant oils used for construction machinery; - Possibly damaged asbestos water pipes during excavation; and - Dewatered water from trenches.

Excavated soil and concrete/bricks waste are inert materials. Improper disposal of such wastes will only have aesthetic effects on the disposal site. The legal standards of Law 4/1994 for the Environment and Law 38/1967, discussed in Chapter 2, stipulate that these wastes should be disposed of in licensed sites by the local authority, which minimizes any aesthetic effects of such waste.

The asphalt waste could have some hazardous components, such as tar, lubricating oils, some heavy metals, etc. However, its solid nature minimizes the transport risk of such components to the environment. Disposal asphalt waste to a construction waste disposal site is common practice in Egypt, which is normally not associated with significant environmental risks because of the dry weather nature of the country.

Empty containers of chemicals and lubricating oils, are considered hazardous waste. They should be disposed of in an approved hazardous waste handeling facility for proper treatment/disposal23. However generation of such waste is not a direct result for costruction activities of the project, but rather relates to maintenance of equipment, therefore, it is believed that by preventing fueling/lubricating activites on construction sites no empty containers will need disposal, as further detailed in Chapter 7. On the other hand, it is worth noting that Town Gas implements a policy for returning empty containers of hazardous substances to vendors.

Asbestos waste is also hazardous waste. If an asbestos pipe is broken throughout the excavation process, wasted parts of the pipe should be sprayed with water, to prevent emissions of asbestos-containing dust, and transported to an approved hazardous waste landfill, or a well contained cell in the construction waste disposal site. Friable asbestos waste could form significant health risks to workers, pedestrians and residents of neighboring areas, therefore efficient management of such waste, if generated, will be very important. It is worth noting that the probability of generating asbestos waste is relatively low, because usually the damage is fixed through hole-repair rather than pipe replacement. Also handling of such waste, if generated, is the responsibility of the Water Authority as further discussed in Chapter 7.

23 It is worth noting that there was no such facilities available in Egypt till 2005, when few specialized facilities started operation for certain types of waste EcoConServ 82 ESIAF EGAS

Improper drainage of dewatering water may result in forming stagnant water ponds around the construction site, which can develop, if not drained, infiltrated or evaporated, to form nuisance and an environment for breeding of insects.

Normally dewatered water is relatively clean water, which could be drained to a public sewer or even discharged to a watercourse, which may be applied during tunneling a special crossing under a watercourse. However, there can be exceptions to that, when dewatering is performed from a contaminated trench or near a source of pollution seepage to groundwater. This could apply during trenching beside, or under, fuel service stations, any Underground Storage Tank (UST) or Above-ground Storage Tank (AST) system, where groundwater could contain hydrocarbons or chemicals. Although such cases could be rare, its occurrence would require collection of contaminated water for special treatment/disposal. Discharging contaminated water with significant amounts of chemicals and hydrocarbons is not legally acceptable neither to sewers nor to fresh watercourses according to Laws 93/1962 and 48/1982, respectively.

5.2.8 Potential Impacts of PRS Construction

Under the project five PRSs will be constructed in El Haram, New Cairo, El Mokatam, El Shorouk and El Tebbin districts. The exact locations of the four former PRSs are not yet settled, however 1-3 km ranges on highways and the rong road have been recommended by Town Gas for choosing the locations. The final decision on this will be by the Local Authority. These 4 areas are relatively unpopulated. The fifth PRS, in Tebbin, is located in a relatively populated area, with a house directly adjacent to the location.

The negative impacts or risks associated with PRSs construction are related to handling of construction waste, noise and air pollution from construction machinery which have all been discussed earlier. Therefore the impacts of the former four PRSs construction could be negligible. The most important impact from constructing El Tebbin PRS is the noise to the adjacent house.

The Gas Law stipulates that all constructions should be on public-owned land, therefore it is not expected that construction of PRSs will entail involuntary resettlement. An exception to this is the case of El Tebbin PRS which has a house adjacent to its southern border. If mitigation measures recommended at the study are accurately followed, there will be no need for resettling the inhabitants of this house.

5.2.9 Social Impacts During Construction

During the construction phase, there are a number of possible negative social impacts for the project that need to be considered, namely: - Installment payments raise some concerns. Poor people are very concerned regarding the installment fees. People also feel discriminated against since the first phase of gas connections was mainly aimed at connecting to the Class I districts and the people there did not have to pay any connection fees. However, poor people have to pay LE 1,500. - Might cause conflicts because it is not available for all people. It may also cause conflicts between tenants and property owners (that are subject to the new law for rented houses), since each party will want the other to be responsible for paying the EcoConServ 83 ESIAF EGAS

installation fees. However, the owner of the house will be the beneficiary of the NG connection, since the tenant is allowed to rent the apartment for two years. In addition, the owner will have the right to raise the renting fees after the installation of NG. Hence, the owner is much in favor to be connected to NG. - Cause limited effects to businesses of neighboring shopkeepers.

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5.3 Potential Negative Impacts during Operation

5.3.1 Improper handling of the Odorant

The odorant containing Tertiobutylmercaptin (80%) and Methylehylsulphide (20%) is classified as a hazardous substance. The MSDS of the odorant, attached in Annex 2, identify the following hazardous properties: - Highly flammable; - Thermal decomposition giving flammable and toxic products; - Irritant; and - Toxic to aquatic flora and fauna.

Handling the odorant will require a license from the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, according to the stipulations of Law 4/1994 discussed in Chapter 2. It will also be required to keep a register for management practices followed in PRSs.

Improper handling of the odorant includes: - Storage in unsafe conditions, in terms of occupational health and safety. - Leakage to the environment causing different types of hazards related to its high reactivity and possible production of pollutants. This release to the environment could take many forms such as: o Discharge of remaining odorants in containers, after use, in land or sewers; o Disposal of used containers with domestic waste, or by open disposal; and o Recycling of used containers for other materials.

5.3.2 Noise of PRS

The pressure reducers normally cause noise generated from the reducers' pipes. The generated noise is constant (not intermittent).

During the second Public Consultation, presented in Chapter 8, the issue of PRS noise was raised. The proposed location for El Tebbin PRS, under the project, includes an operating PRS of GASCO. The location has an adjacent house to its southern border, the inhabitants of this house have made some complaints about noise from the existing PRS. Accordingly a visit has been undertaken to the location on 3 January 2007, followed by another visit on 4 April 2007, to measure noise levels at the location of the reducers, the location of staff offices, and the location of the adjacent house. Figures 5-1 to 5-3 present the measurement results.

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Figure 5-1: Noie measurements at point 1 at source 80

70 64.5

60

50

40 Level dBA.

30 Source

20

10

0

0 5 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 2 2 4 5 63 8 00 50 30 00 00 00 A 1 12 160 200 2 31 400 500 6 80 600 000 0 500 31.5 100 1250 1 2 2500 3150 4000 50 63 8000 10 12 Frequency (HZ)

Noise level at the noise sorce

Figure 5-2: Noise measurements at point 2 near staff offices

80

70

58.9 60

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40 Level dBA. Level 30

20

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5 3 0 0 0 0 20 25 40 50 6 80 60 00 00 5 00 00 00 50 00 00 00 A 10 125 1 20 250 315 4 50 630 8 0 0 500 31. 1000 12 16 2 25 31 4 5000 63 80 2 100001 Frequency (HZ)

Noise level at Station Centre

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Figure 5-3: Noise measurements at point 3 at house location 90

80 72.2 70

60

50

40 Level dBA.

30

20

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0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 25 4 50 6 80 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 A 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 50 00 00 31.5 10 12 16 20 2 31 40 5 63 8 000 250 1 1 Frequency (HZ)

Background Noise from Misr Helwan Road

The measurements indicate that the noise level at a point near the house (LAeq = 72.2 dBA) was higher than the noise at the reducers source (LAeq = 64.5 dBA) while the noise level at the staff offices was the lowest (58.9). The calculated Day and Night Equivalent (DNL) on the house location, on a later visit, was 78.524 dBA.

The proposed location of Tebbin PRS is on the highway used usually by heavy traffic to transport goods between Cairo and Upper Egypt, therefore the area near the road is very noisy. It is believed that the high noise level at the house adjacent to the GASCO complex in Tebbin, which exceeds the ambient noise level identified by Law 4 even for areas of heavy industries, is caused by the traffic.

In order to accurately identify the contribution of the existing GASCO PRS to the noise level at the adjacent house, it was required to take measurements during PRS operation and shutdown, but it was not possible to shut down the PRS due to logistical reasons. Therefore an empirical rule has been empoloyed for assessing noise impact at the adjacent house if the new PRS is installed beside the existing GASCO PRS, this rule is recommended by the UK Environment Agency25.

The rule works based on the following principals: - Accumulative effect for two sources of noise depends on the difference between them, if the two sources have similar noise levels the accumulative noise from both sources will be 3 dBA above noise from single source. The higher the difference between the two sources the lower the extra accumulative noise level, and if the

24 The DNL was calculated by 10 dBA to measured levels from 10:00 pm to 7:00 pm. 25 Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Horizontal Guidance for Noise, Part 2- Noise Assessment and Control EcoConServ 87 ESIAF EGAS

difference between the two sources reaches 10 dBA or more the extra accumulative effect will be zero - Predicting noise levels at a distance could be calculated using the following equation if the ground between the source and receiver is hard (paved for example)26 Lp = Lw – 20 Log r – 8 Where: Lp is noise level at receiver, Lw is noise level at source and r is the distance

By applying the above rules and assuming the new PRS will cause the same noise level at source, as the existing GASCO PRS, and the reducers have been installed right beside the existing reducers, which is the worst case scenario, the accumulative noise level at source will be (LAeq) 67.5 dBA. By applying the distance attenuation equation mentioned above the noise levels at different distances from source are presented in the following table.

Table 5-1: Distance attenuation of noise predicted for one PRS and two adjacent PRSs

Distance from source (m) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Predicted noise level caused 64.5 44.5 38.4 34.9 32.4 30.5 28.9 27.6 26.4 by one reducer (dBA) Predicted noise level caused 67.5 47.5 41.4 37.9 34.4 33.5 31.9 30.6 29.4 by two reducers (dBA)

At Tebbin location, given that the existing reducers of GASCO PRS is more than 20 meters from the southern border, it could be concluded that the measured LAeq of 72.2 has no contribution from PRS reducers as the noise level difference between the nearby traffic and the PRS is definitely more than 10 dBA. It could also be concluded that if the other PRS is installed, there will be no impact as well because the difference will still be more than 10 dBA, given that the distance is more than 4 meters from the adjacent house, which certainly will be the case.

For the other four PRSs, assuming the ambient noise levels are complying with Law 4/1994 standards for low noise residential areas (50 dBA at morning, 45 dBA at evening and 40 dBA at night)27, if a 20 meters buffer distance kept between the reducers and the PRS fences there will be no impact outside the PRS borders.

5.3.3 Safety Aspects of PRS Operation

The safety risks associated with PRSs’ operation have been assessed for the workers and the public at large, using Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) modeling and comparing the results with international risk management guidelines as a reference. The QRA has been performed for El Tebbin PRS. The following risks have been analyzed: - Flammable gases dispersion (Gas Clouds); - Flash fires; and - Jet fires.

26 This equation does not take into account many environmental factors that can affect predictions over distance such as weather, air absorption, source strength variation, ground attenuation effects, barriers and reflections. But all these factors are not accurately defined at this stage 27 Because the other PRSs are located near highways, background noise levels at these locations are most probably higher than that, which, if true, will further reduce noise impacts from the PRSs EcoConServ 88 ESIAF EGAS

For the PRS leak scenario, the release rate has been simulated based on 3 hole sizes: 0.25 inch, representing instrument fitting failure (pin hole leak); 1.0 inch representing a small pipe leak (minor leak); and 4.0 inch leak representing a 4-inch pipe full bore rupture or 4-inch hole size in a larger pipe diameter (major leak or catastrophic failure). This corresponds to a 5-mm, 25-mm and 100-mm leak sizes.

For the purpose of the consequence modeling, the maximum of the two types of pressures have been simulated to represent the worst case and mild case, respectively , 70 Bar as High Pressure (HP) and 7 Bar as Low Pressure (LP). The jet fire (flame length) and heat radiation distances are measured in meters.

The gas dispersion distances have been calculated in meters in concentration terms of Lower Flammability Limits (LFL) and Upper Flammability Limits (UFL) presented by Parts Per Million (ppm) concentrations in order to represent the flammability range of the released gas cloud; however the extent of damage is presented by LFL only.

The heat radiation from flash fires will not significantly affect humans, equipment or structures due to the short duration of flash fires. Fire consequence analysis has been described in details in the full QRA report, which details the hazardous effects from different types of fires.

The following table presents the generic extent of damage distances as a result of the consequence modeling simulation analysis.

Table 5-2: Generic Extent of Damage Distances from PRS Leaks in Meters

High Pressure Low Pressure Side (70 Bar) Side (7 Bar) Case Leak size Leak size Leak type Jet Gas Jet Gas No. in Meters in Inches Flame Cloud Flame Cloud (m) (m) (m) (m) 1 Pin Hole 0.005 0.25 6.5 3.5 2.2 1.2 2 Minor leak 0.025 1.00 25 11.2 8.5 5.5 3 Major leak 0.100 4.00 70 32 25 11

From the extent of damage distances calculated, it can be observed that major or catastrophic equipment failure has the maximum potential extent of damage due to increased leak size. The maximum extent of damage is 70 meters in the worst case conditions. In such case, a gas cloud in LFL can reach a distance of 32m downwind, if not ignited. If the release ignited in the form of a jet flame, the heat radiation flux contour of 12kw/m2 would reach a distance of about 50m while the 6kw/m2 flux can reach 90m.

The minor leak has a localized extent of damage within the PRS boundary or battery limits due to a medium leak size. The expected extent of damage is 25 meters.

While the pin hole leak has the minimum localized extent of damage due to small leak size. The minimum extent of damage is 6.5 meters in the mild case conditions. But on the other

EcoConServ 89 ESIAF EGAS hand, the probability of occurrence or failure frequency of a major leak or catastrophic equipment failure is deemed to be much lower than a pin hole leak. Release from the odorant storage tank, is one of the critical events. A release from the tank pressure relief valve as a result of overfilling or over-pressure was modelled. Dispersion down-wind from the PSV will extend a distance greater than 250m for lower concentration (10 ppm) while the higher concentration (1000 ppm) will extend about 120m. In order to reduce these distances to be within the borders of the PRS (50x50m) a flare for igniting any release from the odorant tank PSV will be activated. The jet flame of such flare, in case of odorant release, would be of 20m in length, and a 12kw/m2 heat radiation contour would extend 17m down-wind, while a 25kw/m2 contours would extend 13m down-wind.

Process release generic failure frequencies and ignition probabilities have then been identified for the detailed quantitative risk assessment (QRA) purposes. Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) has been performed to all types of hazardous events generated from the hazardous scenarios development.

The risks have been assessed for the industrial workers and general public representing the two types of risks, namely the "Individual Risk" and " Social Risk" within the PRS. The risks assessed have been evaluated based on the international risk acceptance criteria in order to demonstrate that the risks are within the ALARP limits. The conclusion of the QRA for the PRS is that the risk is within the acceptable limits, if safety precautions have been considered and strictly followed in the design, operation and maintenance of such facilities. This is further analyzed in Chapter 7.

5.3.4 Social impacts During Operation

Some of the negative social impacts that might occur during the operation phase are: - For those who will pay through installments, this may be an added financial burden that is difficult to meet. - Increase unemployment amongst LPG cylinders’ distributors. (Governmental sector distributors – licensed private sector distributors and non official distributors) - LPG cylinders’ distributors who have received a loan from the Social Fund may not be able to repay their loans and the interest which may result in a serious legal situation. Table 5-3 presents the numbers and locations of those borrowers. - Temporary workers may cause problems at the end of the project when they are no longer needed. - Increase in the rent prices of the apartments that are connected to natural gas.

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Table 5-3: Number of individuals who got loans from the Social Fund to distribute LPG cylinders

District Paid the loan Back? Total Yes No Helwan- 15th of May- Twra 36 5 41 El Tebien- El Saf 19 7 26 El Matarya- El Sharabeia- El 46 5 51 Zaher- El Zaweia Nasr City- New Cairo 19 0 19 El Salam- El Shrouq-El Nahda- 22 5 27 Badr El Maady- El Sayda Zeinab- 78 12 90 Dar El Salam- Misr El Qadeima Giza City 56 18 74 Total 276 52 328

Because there will be many areas not served by the project, such as the squatters surrounding Greater Cairo, there will still be business opportunities for LPG cylinders' distributors. In addition, based on the feasibility study conducted by the Social Fund for Development (SFD), the distributers earn about L.E. 3,000 per month. They consider the distribution business as a gold mine. Hence, they are totally unwilling to stop distribution. They will only distribute in other areas that are not served by the project.

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6. Analysis of Alternatives

6.1 No Project Alterative

The Natural Gas Connections Project in Greater Cairo, coincide with the entire Government Energy Strategy to expand natural gas connections among households, as well as among other sectors. This energy strategy, as indicated in Chapter 3, is expected to yield many economic and social benefits in terms of providing a more stable, energy source, achieve savings in LPG consumption and enhance safety in utilizing energy.

In addition to being part of an overall strategy, the project will have many benefits which have been indicated earlier in the project objectives and positive impacts. The "no project alternative" has been discussed with a sample from the local community, in the social survey 28undertaken among the activities of the ESIAF. Many people thought the "no project alternative" will prevent achieving many advantages that are expected as results of the project, such as: - Providing clean and stable source of energy; - Improving house cleanliness, as LPG cylinders usually contain dirt and insects; - Reduce noise caused by LPG cylinders’ distributors; - Reduce price of LPG cylinders due to reduced demand; - Reduce child labor, who are commonly working in LPG cylinders’ distribution; - Reduce inconvenience to handicapped people, in delivering LPG cylinders to their houses.

Two alternative energy sources could be considered for comparison purposes with the proposed expansion of natural gas distribution included in this project: (a) continue with LPG as current practice, or (b) convert to electricity. Each is considered in turn below.

- LPG: The majority of LPG consumed in Egypt is imported and its costs are subsidized by the Government to ensure that it is affordable by the lower income groups; however there is no differentiation and everyone benefits from the subsidy. Introduction of piped natural gas to replace LPG will help to remove those subsidies and reduce the import of that fuel. The proposed project is also expected to produce very positive improvements in the safety of gas utilization. In the natural gas industry in Egypt, appliance standards, fittings and conversions are strictly controlled and only trained and qualified people are allowed to carry out installations. In the case of LPG, this does not apply so the conversion of existing LPG appliances helps to eliminate existing unsafe installations as well as expansion of unsafe use of LPG.

- Electricity: The second alternative is to convert all homes to use electricity for all energy supply applications. Whilst electricity is more efficient at the point of use, there are considerable inefficiencies in power generation from fossil fuels with about 50% efficiency if combined cycle plants are available. Additional power stations would be needed to cope with the additional demand created by utilization of electricity in homes, which most probably would operate also by natural gas. Power

28 A survey that was conducted under ESIAF project. EcoConServ 92 ESIAF EGAS

losses in transmission and distribution are also significantly higher than their natural gas equivalents which would add to the overall inefficiency of its utilization.

For such reasons, the "no project" alternative is not a favored option.

6.2 Sequence of progressing Alternatives

Construction of the gas network inside the city comprises two main components, as detailed in Chapter 3, the first is the distribution network in the longitudinal roads direction, and the second is the connection network to the residential units perpendicular to the road direction on both sides.

Progressing from constructing the distribution network to constructing the connection network, this could be practiced through two alternatives: - Alternative 1: Complete the construction of the distribution network and then start the connection network at a later stage. - Alternative 2: Complete both networks simultaneously in one stage.

Advantages of Alternative 1 over Alternative 2 are: - Technical problems during line testing could be avoided, as detecting leaks in the main pipe will be much easier if no connections are placed; - Lower risks for re-excavating parts of the line including leaks; and - Shorter traffic disturbance time for the first excavation stage because no lateral intersection with the traffic flow.

Advantages of Alternative 2 over Alternative 1 are: - Amount of excavation/filling works are slightly less, because intersections between mains and connection trenches are excavated only once; - Makes mobilization of equipment and areas of storage occupied only once; and - Traffic disturbance occurs only once.

The environmental benefits and negative impacts of the two alternatives are close. The amount of excavations in the two alternatives are approximately equal, however, the second alternative has a clear advantage of causing disturbance only once for the same street, in addition to less air emissions and traffic disturbance caused during equipment mobilizations. Therefore, if all other technical or financial factors are equal then the second alternative may be slightly more advantageous from an environmental perspective. However, because phasing of connection works will depend mainly on developing contracts with new customers, no objections are foreseen in going along with Alternative 1.

6.3 Routing Alternatives

Routing alternatives apply to transmission mains, distribution mains and connection mains. Regarding the alternatives of the transmission mains, the selected project alternative is to provide reinforcements to the existing mains using the same route. The main advantage of this selection is to obtain benefit from the design of the existing route which is forming a ring around Greater Cairo. This helps access to different geographic locations with a minimal EcoConServ 93 ESIAF EGAS length of pipelines. Forming another route for the required new mains shall achieve the same technical objective, however by losing this advantage. Therefore, the reinforcement alternative is the favored one.

Deciding on routing alternatives for the distribution and connection network is premature at this stage. However, selecting optimum routes for these networks is crucial to avoid as much environmental and social impacts as possible, as detailed earlier in discussing the impacts of the construction phase (Section 5.2). It is very important to avoid as many sensitive sites as possible to minimize environmental and social impacts, and therefore this has been considered in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Framework presented in the following chapter.

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7. Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework

7.1 Objectives of the ESMMF

The objectives of this Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Framework, is to initiate a mechanism for implementing mitigation measures for expected negative impacts and to monitor the efficiency of these mitigation measures based on relevant environmental indicators. The ESMMF identifies certain roles and responsibilities for different stakeholders for implementation, supervision and monitoring.

Also in this Chapter is an assessment of the capacity of the implementing agency, EGAS and Town Gas, for implementing this ESMMF, along with recommendations for improving their capacity and resources.

7.2 Management and Monitoring activities During Construction Phase

7.2.1 Management of Traffic

The mitigation measures proposed to maintain the existing level of service and to minimize disruptions to vehicular movements: 1. Construction During Off-peak Periods: It is essential to plan for the construction works outside the peak periods of the main arterial road network. The works would be scheduled during off-peak periods, mostly during night time. During peak periods, work will be stopped and the road space is re-instated for use by traffic. Also during the month of Ramadan, all occupations of most streets should be stopped. Although this procedure will provide minimal impact on the traffic flow, the construction program of work may be, consequently, extended for a longer period of time. Times of construction are identified by the local Traffic Department in a conditional excavation permit issued to the implementing company, based on the Traffic Department operational experience in the subject area, 2. Signage and Markings: Construction works require proper information disseminated to motorists. This can be done by provision of informational and directional signs posted prior to the construction zone so that drivers can react in due time and maintain safe driving. The Egyptian Road Code of Practice (Ministry of Housing, 1998) provides standard arrangements for construction zones. Markings, in the form of lane lines and directional arrows are also needed to guide the drivers to the proper lane changes and turning. Pedestrian crossings can be also provided at proper locations as dictated by each site. 3. Traffic Detour: In some important roads it would be required to maintain the movements of traffic at a reasonable level of service. Therefore the Traffic Department may implement traffic detouring, which has proven to be a potential solution. This detouring will be based on a traffic study to produce a traffic circulation plan. This study, undertaken by Traffic Department, normally includes an area wide analysis of the road system coupled with traffic counts if needed. Alternatives of the circulation plan will be produced and evaluated in terms of level of service, driving convenience, access to adjacent land uses and pedestrian mobility. 4. Re-structuring the Road Right-of-Way: The arterial road network in the GCR mostly has a wide right-of-way. It comprises sidewalks, traffic lanes and a median. EcoConServ 95 ESIAF EGAS

Therefore, normally it would be possible to re-structure the road’s cross section to accommodate the construction works and maintain traffic movements along the road. Reduction of the sidewalk, reduction of the median width and reduction of the lane width are possible measures. These measures will also be implemented by the local Traffic Department in order to keep traffic flow at adequate levels in some roads, based on a traffic study for these roads. This traffic study typically includes road inventory coupled with traffic and pedestrian counts. Alternatives of the cross section, public transport services and pedestrian crossing will be produced and evaluated in terms of level of service, driving convenience, access to adjacent land uses and pedestrian mobility.

All above mitigation measures will be implemented by, or in coordination with, Traffic Departments of Cairo and Giza. Traffic studies recommended in mitigation measures 3 and 4 will also be undertaken by the Traffic Departments, according to traffic requirements.

Monitoring of traffic flow will also be done by the local Traffic Department to make sure that flow reduction is within acceptable levels. Strong coordination should be established between the Traffic Department and the Town Gas HSE Department to ensure following the identified mitigation measures. Town Gas HSE should record any comments by the Traffic Department regarding violation of excavation permits by the contractor to avoid such incidents in later stages.

7.2.2 Management of Air Emissions

Mitigation measures for reducing air emissions are mainly stipulated by Law 4/1994, as indicated in Chapter 2. The following mitigation measures are considered minimum standards: 1. Excavated soil stockpiles and stored sand should be located in sheltered areas. Stored fine sand should be covered with appropriate covering material, such as polyethylene or textile sheets to avoid soil dispersion. 2. Transportation of excavation/construction waste should be through licensed and sufficiently equipped vehicles with a suitable special box or provided with a cover to prevent loose particles of waste and debris from escaping into the air or dropping on the road. 3. Disposal of excavation/construction waste should be in locations licensed by the local authority. 4. Air emissions of excavation machinery should be within the standards of Annex 6 of the Executive Regulations of Law 4/1994, which have been presented earlier in Table 2-5.

Because dust emissions from construction works are a non-point source pollution, it will not be possible to monitor direct emission levels. On the other hand, monitoring ambient total suspended particles or PM10 could be misleading because of the interference of other pollution sources. Therefore monitoring activities shall focus on making sure that point sources from the exhaust of excavation machinery are within the standards stipulated by the Law, and that mitigation measures are well documented.

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7.2.3 Management of Noise

Mitigation measures for avoiding unacceptable, and illegal, noise levels include: 1. Prevent exposure of construction workers to different noise levels and noise impacts according to the Law standards mentioned in Tables 2-1 and 2-2 in Chapter 2. This could be achieved through adjusting working hours, breaks, and exposure duration to be within permissible limits. 2. Provide construction workers with ear muffs. 3. Minimize construction through nighttime whenever possible. Implementing this measure should be balanced with avoiding peak hours of heavy traffic. If construction works are to take place on important traffic roads, avoiding traffic disturbance in day time may outweigh reducing noise levels in afternoon or night times and vice versa.

Monitoring of noise levels during construction shall include: 1. Measurements of noise intensity at the locations of construction, where workers are exposed to the noise. 2. At locations where mechanical hammers are used, measurements of noise intensity of impacts, and the corresponding number of impacts at the construction location. 3. Recording of the reaction and complaints of the neighboring areas regarding the noise levels.

It is worth noting that monitoring ambient noise levels at locations of residential areas may be misleading because of the interference of other factors.

7.2.4 Management of Excavation Activities Posing Risk on Infrastructure

Town Gas has certain procedures in place to confront emergency situations related to breaking infrastructure lines. The company supervisor calls the Police Department and emergency department in the relevant infrastructure company for immediate repair of the damage, in which the contractor is invoiced for. The mitigation measures below focus on preventive measures and documentation:

Mitigation measures for avoiding breaking infrastructure pipes: 1. Collecting most accurate maps for infrastructure routes from Information Centers in Cairo and Giza Governorates and asking them for site markings, whenever available, and making such data available to the contractor prior to commencing the works. 2. Excavating manual trial pits in each street to allocate the pipes before using mechanical excavation. 3. In case an infrastructure pipe has been damaged, the standard procedures of Town Gas should be followed, as described before, in addition to preparing a documentation report for the accident. The documentation report should include: a. Time and place of accident; b. Name of contractor; c. Type of infrastructure line; d. Description of accident circumstances and causes; e. Actions taken and responses of different parties, such as infrastructure company; f. Duration of fixing the damage; and

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g. Damage caused (description shall be according to observation, expertise judgment, reports of infrastructure company). 4. Analysis and statistics should be undertaken periodically for the accidents that have taken place, with recommendations to reduce such risks in consequent excavation activities.

Monitoring activities for such risks, are basically documenting, analyzing reasons that led to the accident and updating procedures to avoid future accidents. Monitoring environmental consequences of such accidents, such as depth of effected soils, volumes of effected groundwater, and other social effects are believed to be unnecessary actions by the implementing company, though it might be recommended for the authority owning the infrastructure line (Water and Sewage Authority or Telecommunication Authority) for their research activities.

7.2.5 Management of Dewatering Activities Posing Risk on Structures Stability

Mitigation measures: 1. Screening of the 28 districts to identify areas/sectors including buildings with potential structural problems. Areas with potential problems should be excluded from the project to avoid any structural problems on existing buildings. This screening process should be done by a technical committee formed from the Design, Projects and Operations Departments of Town Gas. 2. In areas of high groundwater level a tight excavation/dewatering schedule should be implemented through preplanning and supervision of implementation to avoid lenghty dewatering activities.

Monitoring activities will be mainly performed through supervision of the work of Town Gas Area screening committee, and reviewing site reports by the HSE supervisor.

7.2.6 Management of Culturally Valuable Sites

Law 117/1983 for the Protection of antiquities has set certain standards that should be followed during excavation works near a registered antiquity site. The Supreme Council for Antiquities emphasizes that collaboration should be established between the Council and the infrastructure developer during construction near an antiquity. These standards and requirements are adhered among the following proposed mitigation measures:

1. Identifying a comprehensive list of all Greater Cairo registered antiquities, falling within the domain of the project and possibly risked by construction activities. This will be done by taking construction permits from the Local Authority including conditional permits from the Supreme Council of Antiquities in areas identified by the Council. It is expected that the council will identify certain stretches of the network where the mitigation measures presented below, or some them, should be implemented. 2. Provide supervision by the Supreme Council of Antiquities on implementation of construction works at identified locations. 3. If dewatering activities are to take place, the process should be undertaken under the supervision of foundation engineers who shall perform necessary soil investigations. The process should be tight in time schedule to avoid lengthy dewatering, and EcoConServ 98 ESIAF EGAS

possibly use under-trench culvert or tunnel to preserve the groundwater table under the monument. 4. Reduce vibration, in identified locations of antiquities: a. using manual tools whenever possible; b. phasing work to eliminate generation of resulting vibrations from several machinery; and c. Establish cutoff barrier through a vertical trench, whenever needed, to absorb vibrations. 5. Fixing gas risers on back sides of architecturally valuable structures to avoid artistic sides and components. 6. The chance find process, in case an antiquity is found during excavation, includes stopping excavation works, and contacting the Supreme Council of Antiquities to handle the site.

Monitoring activities will be site specific according to the requirements and conditional permits granted by the Supreme Council for Antiquities. 1. Monitor vibration levels at the monument location during excavation. 2. Undertake geophysical survey for some locations prior to construction, according to the instructions of the Supreme Council of Antiquities.

The Town Gas HSE site supervisor will be responsible for documenting the monitoring activities in monthly reports delivered to EGAS.

These mitigation measures, if required, shall be implemented by the Council, while the costs will be covered by Town Gas

7.2.7 Management of Waste Disposal

The following mitigation measures are recommended for waste management: 1. Allocating certain areas, in each Sector, for stockpiling waste soil and construction waste, in coordination with the local authority. These areas should be selected so as not to cause significant obstruction to traffic and the waste should be covered to prevent dust dispersion. The waste should be hauled at the end of each working day to the allocated disposal site, taking into consideration covering of the hauling vehicle, as indicated earlier. It is worth noting that Governorates of Cairo and Giza have allocated authorized disposal sites for construction waste in Al Waffaa Wal Ammal and Shabramant disposal sites respectively, Annex 8 includes an authorization letter from Giza Governorate for disposal of construction waste of the project, while a similar letter from Cairo Governorate is currently being processed. No soil stockpiling is allowed on banks of waterways. Normally asphalt waste could be disposed of with construction waste according to the previously mentioned procedures. However, it is recommended, as a best environmental practice, to segregate asphalt waste and to send it to an asphalt mixing plant for recycling. Because recycling of asphalt is not common practice in Egypt, there are doubts that an asphalt plant will accept the waste. For such circumstances this recommendation should not be compulsory. 2. As an important pollution prevention measure, fueling, lubricating or adding chemicals for excavation should not take place at the construction site. Accordingly no empty chemicals/oils containers will be generated by direct project activities. EcoConServ 99 ESIAF EGAS

3. Further to the above measure, in case such waste containers of hazardous materials are generated in the construction site due to unusual circumstances, the contractor should collect these containers and transfer it to the hazardous waste landfill in Nasserya/Alexandria29. This measure should be specified in the construction contract and supervised by Town Gas site supervisor. 4. In case of damaging of asbestos pipes during excavation, the Water Authority, which will carry out the repairs, will be responsible for handling the waste asbestos according to their procedures. There were no available documented procedures by the Water Authority, during the preparation of the ESIAF, illustrating their handling methods of such waste. Because the possibilities for generating such waste are quite low, and that the waste management will be undertaken by a separate party, not by the implementing agency, the recommended actions by Town Gas HSE supervisor is to advise the Water Authority with the acceptable procedures which is to spray the waste and dispose of it in a special cell within the construction waste disposal site, normally used by the Water Authority, and cover this cell after disposal. 5. Preplanning drainage of dewatering water and taking necessary permits from the sewage authority, or irrigation authority. No land disposal should be accepted for the resulting water 6. If dewatering is taking place from a contaminated trench, or contains hydrocarbons that could be observed or smelled, contaminated water should be collected in barrels and transported to a wastewater treatment facility, and possibly oil catchers belonging to one of the affiliate companies, for special treatment. Alternatively such waste could be transferred to the hazardous waste facility in Nasserya/Alexandria30.

Monitoring activities for ensuring sound waste management practices shall depend mainly upon observation of waste stockpiles of soil and construction waste to ensure the frequency of removal from site, and whether they contain hazardous components. For contaminated water produced during the dewatering process, also field observation of oily appearance and possibly odour would indicate whether to classify this water as hazardous waste or not.

A matrix illustrating management and monitoring activities during construction, proposed responsibilities of different stakeholders and approximate costs are given in Tables 7-1 and 7-2

29 The Nasserya hazardous waste facility is currently being operated under supervision of Alexandria Governorate 30 Although the hazardous waste landfill in Alexandria started in 2005 by accepting only dry waste, it has recently introduced physical/chemical treatment processes and hence started to accept liquid and oily waste EcoConServ 100 ESIAF EGAS

Table 7-1: Environmental Management Matrix during construction Project Phase Responsibility Mitigation Responsibility of Means of Estimated Cost of mitigation / Impact of direct measures mitigation supervision supervision supervision Reduction of Construction Preconstruction Traffic Town Gas HSE Ensure - Contractor management costs traffic flow during off peak and department to + Traffic contractor that shall be included in normal periods Construction grant conditional Department has valid bid price license and conditional - Town Gas management costs Contractor to permit + implement Field supervision Signage and Tender and Contractor Town Gas HSE Ensure - Contractor management costs marking Construction + Traffic inclusion in that shall be included in normal Department tender + bid price Field - Town Gas management costs supervision Traffic detour Preconstruction Traffic Traffic Ensure Cost by Traffic Department and Department Department detouring Construction efficiency Road Construction Traffic Traffic Ensure Cost by Traffic Department restructuring Department Department adequate traffic flow Air emissions Sound storage, Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor management costs transportation and supervisor supervision that shall be included in normal disposal of bid price stockpiles - Town Gas management costs

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Ensure that air Tender and Contractor Town Gas HSE Review - Contractor management costs emissions of preconstruction vehicle that shall be included in normal construction exhaust bid price machinery within certificate - Town Gas management costs legal standards Noise - Protect Tender and Contractor Town Gas HSE Ensure - Contractor management costs construction Construction inclusion in that shall be included in normal workers on site tender + bid price Field - Town Gas management costs supervision - Avoid night Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor management costs noisy works supervision that shall be included in normal whenever bid price possible - Town Gas management costs Risk of damaging - Collect Construction Town Gas HSE Town Gas HSE Review - Town Gas management costs infrastructure infrastructure Department and Manager HSE site maps and site Governorate reports tracing Information Center - Use trial pits Tender and Contractor Town Gas HSE Ensure - Contractor costs in normal bid construction Supervisor inclusion in price tender + - Town Gas management costs Field supervision - Prepare and Construction Town Gas HSE Town Gas HSE Review - Town Gas management costs Analyze accidents Research Manager periodic reports HSE reports

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Effect on Screening of Design Town Gas Town Gas Review - Town gas management costs structures by areas / sectors Technical Design committee's dewatering Committee Manager + HSE reports activities Manager - Tight Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor responsibility: dewatering Supervisor supervision Included in normal contractor bid schedule - Town Gas Management Costs Effects on Locate Design Supreme Council Town Gas HSE Review Cost by Supreme Council for monuments problematic areas for Antiquities Manager permitting Antiquities of the network through procedures permitting and ensure procedure of review of Local Council Council Supervise Construction Expert from Town Gas HSE Review - L.E. 3,000 / site for supervision construction Supreme Council Manager + HSE field reports and measurement of vibration of Antiquities supervisor + site - Town Gas management costs supervision Control Construction Contractor Supreme Field - L.E. 15,000 / site above normal dewatering Counsil Expert supervision contractor bid price process + Town Gas - Expert supervision included in HSE Supervisor previous item - Town Gas management costs Reduce vibrations Tender + Contractor Supreme Ensure - L.E. 10,000 / site above normal Construction Counsil Expert inclusion in contractor bid price + HSE tender + - Expert supervision included in Supervisor Field previous item supervision - Town Gas management costs

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Preserve Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Normal contractor bid price architecturally Supervisor supervision - Town Gas Management Costs valuable sites Preserve any Construction Town Gas HSE Town Gas HSE Review - Normal contractor bid price found antiquity supervisor Manager field reports - Town Gas Management Costs Waste disposal Control over Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor responsibility: construction supervisor supervision Included in normal contractor bid waste Prevent fueling, Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor responsibility: lubricating and supervisor supervision Included in normal contractor bid any activity that would entail production of hazardous materials empty containers Transfer empty Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field About L.E. 1,300/yr above normal hazardous waste supervisor supervision contractors bid31 containers, if and review generated under manifest unusual documents circumstances, to Alexandria landfill

31 This figure has been derived assuming 2 loads of containers are generated each load is 0.5 ton which costs L.E. 650 including shipment and landfill fee. (landfill fee is L.E. 300/ton and rent of pick-up vehicle is about L.E. 500/trip)

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Adequate Construction Water Authority Town Gas HSE Field - Costs by Water Authority management of Supervisor + supervision - Town Gas management costs asbestos and any HSE Manager + review of possible Water hazardous waste Authority manifests Arrange effective Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - Contractor responsibility: drainage during supervisor supervision Included in normal contractor bid dewatering Transfer any Construction Contractor Town Gas HSE Field - About L.E. 1,000/yr above contaminated supervisor supervision normal contractors bid32 water resulting from dewatering to an adequate facility such as Alexandria Landfill

32 This figure has been derived assuming 1 load of contaminated water barrels is transferred each year wighing 1 ton at a cost of L.E. 1,000 including transportation and landfill fee in addition to supervision and administrative costs

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Table 7-2: Environmental Monitoring Matrix during construction Monitoring Responsibility of Duration of Location of Methods of Estimated Cost Impact indicators monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring of monitoring Reduction of traffic flow Comments and Town Gas HSE During Construction Documentation in Town Gas notifications from department construction. site HSE monthly management Traffic Reporting in reports costs Department monthly reports Air emissions HC, CO% and Contractor Once before Vehicles Measuring exhaust L.E 200 / opacity construction + licensing emissions in an Vehicle once quarterly for Department authorized each vehicle institution Noise Noise intensity, Town Gas HSE Once quarterly Construction Noise meter Town Gas exposure Department during site management durations and construction, with costs noise impacts at least one measurement per contractor per sector Complaints from Town Gas HSE During Construction Documentation in Town Gas residents Supervisor construction. site HSE monthly management Reported in reports costs monthly reports Risk of damaging Accidents Town Gas HSE During Construction Documentation in Town Gas infrastructure documentation Department construction. site HSE monthly management Reported in reports costs monthly reports Effect on structures by Duration of Town Gas HSE During Construction Documentation in Town Gas dewatering activities dewatering and Department dewatering site HSE monthly management lowered water activities. reports costs level Reported in monthly reports

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Monitoring Responsibility of Duration of Location of Methods of Estimated Cost Impact indicators monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring of monitoring Effects on monuments Vibration Supreme Council During Construction Vibration test Included in for Antiquities construction near site Supreme Council sites identified by Expert's input the Council Buried antiquities Supreme Council Once before Streets Geophysical survey L.E. 3000/ km of for Antiquities construction if identified by street required by the the Council council Documentation Town Gas HSE During Construction Documentation in Town Gas supervisor construction. site HSE monthly management Reported in reports costs monthly reports Waste Management Accumulated Town Gas HSE During Construction Observation and Town Gas waste Supervisor construction. site documentation management Reported in costs monthly reports Existence of Town Gas HSE During Construction Observation and Town Gas hazardous waste Supervisor construction. site documentation management in waste piles or Reported in costs at site monthly reports Existence of Town Gas HSE During Around Observation and Town Gas water ponds from Supervisor construction. construction documentation management dewatering Reported in site costs monthly reports

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7.3 Management and Monitoring activities During Operation Phase

7.3.1 Management of Odorant Handling

The MSDS of the odorant, attached in Annex 2, provides information on the required storage conditions and procedures to be followed in emergencies. For the disposal of empty containers, the MSDS indicates that the remaining product could be either destoyed by oxidation using dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, or alternatively through incineration.

Town Gas is currently practicing the oxidation of the container remains. After evacuation of odorant containers (metal barrels) in the PRS holding stainless steel tank, the PRS staff adds hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide and detergents to the remaining odorant in the container, with continuous rolling to ensure that all sides of the container have been exposed to the oxidation solution. These treatment procedures are documented in the instructions of the HSE department and followed by PRSs’ staff. This process destroys the hazardous properties of the remaining odorant product; however there were no certain arrangements in place for disposal of the treatment solution remaining in the containers. Therefore the containers, including the treatment solution, are currently stored in PRSs.

Although the oxidation process in environmentally acceptable, the accumulation of treated containers in PRSs will cause area limitations inside PRSs and could effect their efficient operation.

During the preparation of this report, an inquiry has been forwarded to a hazardous waste facility in Nasserya-Alexandria, which has recently introduced physical/chemical treatment processes, if they would accept the empty odorant containers. The facility confirmed that they would accept the containers with a price of L.E. 300/ton given that Town Gas would be responsible for the transportation.

Accordingly Town Gas should arrange with the supplier of odorant that the vehicle transporting odorant containers should also transfer the empty containers, after evacuation, to the hazardous waste facility in Alexandria. When the truck arrives, all containers should be evacuated in the odorant holding tank, then the containers should be closed and returned back to the truck. The truck driver should sign haulage register form with number of empty containers being shipped, which should also be signed with Alexandria facility personnel for delivery. Town Gas should keep these records with their Environmental Register.

Odorant containers management will be implemented in four PRSs from the five planned to be operating by the project; Mokattam PRS will not have odorant facility as it receives the gas with odorant injected in the existing Hiliopolis PRS. Assuming an odorant dosage rate of 20 ml/1000 m3 gas, container empty weight of 25 kg, capacity of container is 200 liter, truck load is sufficient for 15 containers, landfill fee is L.E. 300/ton and truck trip to

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Alexandria is L.E. 500 per, the total cost for such arrangement is expected to be about L.E. 16,300/year. These calculations are presented in Table 7-3 below.

Table 7-3: Estimated quantities of odorant containers and cost of disposal

Gas Odorant containers Waste No. of Disposal Transportat Total PRS consump. consump. consump. Qty. truck loads cost ion cost cost Name m3/hr (l/yr) (container/yr) (ton/yr) (loads/yr) (L.E/yr) (L.E/yr) (L.E/yr) Haram 40,000 7,008 35 1 3 263 1,500 1,763 Tebbin 300,000 52,560 263 7 18 1,971 9,000 10,971 N. Cairo 60,000 10,512 53 1 4 394 2,000 2,394 Shorok 20,000 3,504 18 0 2 131 1,000 1,131 Totals 420,000 73,584 368 9 27 2,759 13,500 16,259

Although the above table assumes that all PRS will work at full capacity from day one, the extra estimated costs will be considered as contingency.

The monitoring and supervision of the oxidation process was taking place by the Town Gas HSE department through bi-annual audits for each PRS. However, it is recommended to increase these audits to quarterly for each PRS, so as to include the performance of all PRSs in the Quarterly report. The audits should check waste manifests and compare it with odorant consumption data.

7.3.2 Management of Repairs and Maintenance

The same mitigation and monitoring measures discussed for the construction phase shall also apply to the repair and maintenance works that will require excavation.

7.3.3 Management of PRS noise

The locations of four of the five new PRSs will be in relatively remote areas, if the Local Councils approve the Town Gas requests for the proposed locations as discussed in Section 2. It is not expected that noise levels caused by the reducers will affect areas outside the PRS fences if the reducers are located in the middle of the location (at least 20 meters away from all fences). This also applies for El Tebbin PRS, which has an adjacent house to its southern border. Therefore the following mitigation measures are recommended:

1. Location of reducers should be at least 20 meters away from the PRS fences. 2. The reducers should be either in a well ventilated closed area, or in a protected open area according to IGEM standards. If the reducers are in an open area there should be wall barriers to dissipate the noise from the PRS staff offices and the neighboring areas.

Town Gas is currently undertaking periodical monitoring of noise levels at each existing PRS bi-annually. It is expected that the noise monitoring of the new PRSs will take the

EcoConServ 109 ESIAF EGAS same pattern. For El Tebbin PRS, it is recommended to increase noise monitoring at different locations especially at the southern border on a monthly basis, along with recording complaints from neighboring sites.

7.3.4 Mitigation Measures for PRS Safety Aspects

Recommended risk reduction measures have been proposed as points of improvement in order to enhance the PRS safety standards. These risk reduction measures (recommendations) are summarized as follows:

1. Remote actuation of isolation and slam-shut valves by Town Gas for different PRS's as well as the transmission pipelines. 2. Produce Hazardous Area Classification drawings for all Pressure Reduction Stations. 3. Planned preventive maintenance policy should be in place for the new PRSs. Also there is a need to produce a 'Station Manual' for each PRS, this manual should include formalized procedures, including precautions and a site scenario specific emergency plan, which should take wind direction, stability and interfaces with others, e.g. GASCO as well as the public living nearby, into account. 4. The control room inlet door should be located in the upwind direction away from the station (Inlet door should not face the PRS station). Alternatively, the control room should be provided by a secondary means of escape at the back side of the room, which shall be used in case of blockage of the main escape route by jet. 5. Self contained breathing apparatus (2 units at least) to be provided at each PRS for handling odorant releases. 6. Jet fire rated passive fire protection system to be applied to all safety critical shutdown valves ESDVs or Solenoid valves in order to maintain small isolatable inventories. (As applicable) 7. Pipeline marking signs should be added indicating in Arabic and in English "Do Not . Dig" and "High Pressure Pipeline Underneath" in order to prevent such extreme hazardous situation. 8. Install an elevated wind sock in the PRS site, which can be seen - from distance and from outside the fence - to determine the direction of gas migration in case of major gas leak, in addition to provision of portable gas detectors. 9. The design should fully comply with IGE TD/3 code requirements.

A QRA report detailing such risks and mitigation measures has been prepared.

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7.3.5 Mitigation Measures for Social Impacts during operation

1. Provide technical support and assistance to those who work in the distribution of LPG cylinders in the governmental stores through rehabilitation and training. 2. The owners of private cylinders’ stores in some districts (New Cairo, El Shrouq/ Badr City/ El Hadied Wal Solb buildings/ El Hoda city/ Qeba – Omar Ebn El Khattab- Sheraton buildings) should be directed to distribute LPG cylinders in the areas that are not served by the project. 3. People who have received loans from the Social Fund should be investigated, in order to identify how they will react concerning the natural gas project. Options that should be offered to them include: a. They can distribute in areas that are not served by the natural gas project b. They can sell the cylinders and start another business (they used to do so). 4. Raising the level of awareness of the people in the project areas, especially inhabitants of areas surrounding PRSs, through different media channels and with the help of local NGOs. Raising awareness should focus on obtaining the correct undersatanding of PRS environmental and safety risks. 5. Re-consideration of the installation fees should be made, or alternatively a clear and realistic installment plan should be proposed and discussed with the people. A detailed willingness-to-pay study is currently being developed, in which different modes of installation installments will be recommended. 6. Subsidy should be provided for poor people who cannot afford paying for the installation fees. The willingness-to-pay study shall recommend the amount of such subsidy. 7. A natural gas emergency unit should be established in all of the project's 28 districts, (already there are 13 units). A social component should be added to these units to investigate the poor families' conditions and to review any cases which refuse to pay for the installation and service fees.

A matrix illustrating management and monitoring activities during operation, proposed responsibilities of different stakeholders and approximate costs are given in Tables 7-4 and 7-5.

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Table 7-4: Environmental Management Matrix during operation Project Responsibil Responsibility Means of Estimated Cost of Impact Mitigation measures Phase ity of of direct supervision mitigation / supervision mitigation supervision Improper management of Evacuation of odorant in Operation PRS staff Town Gas HSE Quarterly L.E. 16,300 / yr for odorant during operation holding tank and send staff auditing for transportation and disposal empty containers to each PRS of waste Nasserya hazardous waste facility in the same day Noise of PRS operation Locate noisy pressure Design Town Gas Town Gas HSE Review of Town Gas management costs reducers away from PRS Design Manager PRS layout borders in residential Department areas Build barrier walls Design and Contractor Town Gas HSE Field Contractor costs which shall between reducers and construction Manager supervision be included in normal bid sensitive receptors when of PRS price needed (at least required construction for Tebbin PRS) Potential safety risks due to Remote actuation of Design Designer Project Dept Document Design Phase PRS Operation isolation and slam-shut Review valves by Town Gas for different PRS's as well as the transmission pipelines.

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Produce Hazardous Area Design Designer Eng. / Elect. Document Design Phase Classification drawings Dept. Review for all Pressure Reduction Stations Preventive maintenance Design Town Gas Engineering Preventive maintenance policy and station manual Dept. program and operating manual Proper design of control Design Designer Projects Dept. Document room exit Review Provision of self Operation Town Gas HSE Dept. By $ 4000 each contained breathing Operators apparatus (2 pieces for each station) for handling odorant leaks Apply jet fire rated Design Designer Projects Dept Document passive fire protection Review system to all critical safety shutdown valves ESDVs or Solenoid valves (As applicable) Place marking signs Operation Town Gas Engineering Document indicating in Arabic and & GASCO Dept. Review in English "Do Not Dig" and "High Pressure Pipeline Underneath" Install an elevated wind Operation Town Gas HSE Dept $ 3000 each sock and provision of portable gas detectors

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The design should fully Designer Designer Project Dept. Town Gas management costs comply with IGE TD/3 code requirements Social impacts Provide technical support Operation BUTAGAS BUTAGASCO Ensure BUTAGASCO management and assistance to workers CO adequate costs in LPG stores under the rehabilitatio umbrella of n provided BUTAGASCO through rehabilitation and training or moving them to another area Provide following Operation SFD EGAS A list of - No cost if directed to options to borrowers them will be distribute in other areas from SFD provided by - Cost of rehabilitation a. distribute in areas not Social Fund depends on the type of served by project alternative business b. rehabilitation through training to start another business Private LPG cylinders Operation BUTAGAS EGAS Ensure - No cost stores will be directed to CO adequate distribute in other areas. substitution provided Raising the level of Constructio NGOs in the EGAS Supervise About L.E. 5,000/ PRS area awareness of the people n districts awareness in PRS areas. undertaken by NGO

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Prepare adequate Design Town Gas Town Gas Supervised To be confirmed by a willing installment plan for contracts to pay study installation fees under new plan Subsidies for installation Design Subject to EGAS Supervised To be confirmed by a willing fees for poor people discussion contracts to pay study with the the under new Competent plan authority Social staff to be Operation Town Gas EGAS Field visits Town Gas management costs appointed in emergency to the units (salaries of new staff) units in districts

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Table 7-5: Environmental Monitoring Matrix during operation

Monitoring Responsibility of Duration of Location of Methods of Estimated Cost of Impact indicators monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring Improper management of Number of treated Town Gas HSE Quarterly for PRSs Reviewing Town Gas odorant during operation containers Department each PRS Environmental management costs Register, compare with odorant delivery forms, observation of site Noise of PRS operation Noise intensity Town Gas HSE Quarterly for PRSs Noise meter Town Gas Department each PRS management costs

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7.4 Reporting of Mitigation and Monitoring Activities

Reporting on mitigation measures and monitoring activities is a very crucial issue. Hence, it shall be undertaken by Town Gas HSE Department among the monthly and quarterly report currently being prepared and submitted to EGAS HSE Department. Each monthly report during design/tendering phase should include reporting on the following items33: - Results of reviewing the network rout by Traffic Department and by the Supreme Council of Antiquities - Activities and reports of the Technical Committee formed to screen areas/sectors based on structural integrity of its buildings - Collected infrastructure maps from Competent Authorities and identified sectors containing asbestos water pipes - Designer adherence to safety measures of PRS and buffer zones for noise - Socioeconomic review of connection installments for poor people and adjustments made - Review of designs, tender documents and contractors' tenders by Town Gas HSE Department, and their adherence to mitigation measures

During construction phase monthly reports should include as a minimum: - Conditional permits and any comments or recommendations by Traffic Department and Supreme Council for Antiquities - Evaluation of contractor's performance on applying his relevant mitigation measures - Procedures undertaken by experts of Supreme Council of Antiquities - Any accidents or breaking of infrastructure pipes - Monitoring results of excavation machinery exhaust emission, noise and vibrations near antiquity sites, if required

During Operatation phase monthly reports should include as a minimum: - Undertaken treatment activities of empty odorant containers in PRSs - Monitoring results of PRSs noise - Evaluation of the adherence of PRSs' staff to safety measures - Rehabilitation and relocation undertaken to LPG distributors by BUTAGASCO and SFD - Awareness campaigns undertaken in each district - Social activities of staff of emergency units in districts

Results of each 3 monthly reports shall be analyzed in each quarterly report, with recommendations to improve performance, if required, in the following quarter.

33 If an item is not relevant to the activities of the month, the report should indicate that such activities were not active during the month

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7.5 Criteria for selecting PRS locations

Because the exact location of the new PRSs, except for the proposed location of El Tebbin PRS in GASCO complex as mentioned earlier, are not confirmed at this stage, this criteria has been developed to help in selecting most suitable locations and the buffer zones to nearest inhabited areas.

This criteria depends on two main factors, representing the major impacts of the PRS to surroundings, the safety of neighboring areas from possible gas release accidents and noise associated with reducers operations. The following buffer zones are recommended between certain parts of the PRS and neighboring building and inhabited areas:

- Minimum distance between high pressure line (70 bar) and buildings outside the PRS should be 90 meters from the center line. This distance is based on worst case scenario of a 4-inch gas leak from the upstream side, in which a gas cloud in LFL can reach a distance of 32m downwind, if not ignited. If the release ignited in the form of a jet flame, the heat radiation flux contour of 12kw/m2 would reach a distance of about 50m while the 6kw/m2 flux can reach 90m

- The location of the PRS should have a blank area from four sides to allow for vehicle access in case of emergency. If 8 meters blank area could be maintained between PRS fences and nearest building, it should be sufficient for vehicles access from all sides of the PRS

- A minimum distance of 20 meters should be kept between reducers and nearest building. This will cause minimization of noise impacts to neighboring areas as mentioned earlier in Chapter 5.

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7.6 Institutional Framework for Implementation

7.6.1 Existing Environmental Management Structure of the Implementing Agency

The project shall be implemented by the Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS) and its affiliate company Town Gas. EGAS was established in 2001 as an entity focusing on developing Natural Gas business including upstream and downstream operations. EGAS has a number of affiliate companies with different specialties in the natural gas business chain.

The organizational chart, Figure 7-1, of EGAS indicates that the Assistant Chairman for Safety and Environment is responsible for environmental management, he supervises the General Manager for Environmental Protection and five environmental specialists.

Figure 7-1: Organizational Chart for Environmental Protection Department in EGAS

Chairman

Assistant Chairman for Safety and Environment

General Manager for General Manager Environmental Protection for Safety

Inspection and External Studies, Development and Secretary Auditing (3 Specialists) Information (2 Specialists)

Being certified for ISO 14001:2004, EGAS has a well defined Environmental Management System in place and running. The Environmental Policy of EGAS mentions that the company is committed to: - Comply with legislation relevant to their nature of activity; - Provide training and awareness for their staff in order to carry out their work safely; - Achieve continual improvement in the fields of safety, health and environment; - Investigate and analyze incidents to prevent its recurrence; - Follow-up companies’ and contractors’ compliance and implementation of health, safety and environment rules, regulations and provisions; - Provide necessary information and data on health, safety and environment; and

119 ESIAF EGAS - Ensure execution of the policy through setting objectives, targets and an action plan. The policy shall be reviewed whenever needed.

Staff members of EGAS carry out audits and inspections on affiliate companies, Town Gas being one of them, to make sure the EMS is being implemented according to set objectives and targets. As part of the EMS procedures, Town Gas is presenting monthly reports, and quarterly reports regarding its environmental performance. EGAS reviews these reports, and makes occasional site inspections to compare these reports with field conditions.

Being the implementing body of the natural gas network in cities, Town Gas has a direct involvement with the environmental management and monitoring of the natural gas network. The Environmental Department of Town Gas includes five specialists who are responsible for carrying out this task.

One of the standard tasks that the Environmental Department of Town Gas, which is followed up by EGAS, is establishing an Environmental Register for PRSs and buildings, and frequent auditing of this register. For PRSs, the Environmental Register is audited by the HSE Department of Town Gas. The HSE Department audits each PRS bi-annually on the average, in addition to emergency inspections. The routine monitoring activities performed for each PRS include: - Visual inspection of solid waste and scrap, and disposal methods; - Visual inspection of existence of liquid waste such as leaked condensate hydrocarbons or chemicals used in the heaters; and - Checking that handling of hazardous waste is according to the approved procedures, which are described below: o Use gas analyzers to measure SO2, CO, CH4 and O2 in ambient air, and detect possible leaks; and o Measure noise at different locations of the PRS.

The Town Gas HSE personnel have received training on environmental auditing, environmental impact assessments for industrial establishments, and environmental legislation.

Environmental Departments in both EGAS and Town Gas have been less involved in design, planning, tendering and construction procedures of natural gas connection projects in cities. Their role has been more effective in the operational phase according to the described procedures above. However, the Safety Department in Town Gas usually reviews designs, and assigns a full time staff member to supervise the construction contractor, making sure that adequate safety measures are considered during design and implemented during construction.

7.6.2 Required Resources

It has been concluded from the assessment of the existing practices of EGAS and Town Gas Environmental Departments that they are following sound environmental procedures in the operation phase. However, the involvement of both departments should be emphasized during the design, tendering and construction phases according to the screening criteria illustrated in Table 7-5.

Town Gas management should take procedures to involve the HSE department in the approval and clearance steps of project designs, tenders evaluation, phasing of

120 ESIAF EGAS implementation and construction. The involvement of Town Gas HSE Department should be reported in their monthly and annual reports submitted to EGAS, who should make sure that the integration of environmental aspects is adequately addressed during design, tendering and construction.

The existing manpower for EGAS is considered suitable for their role in reviewing monthly and quarterly reports produced by Town Gas, and performing infrequent inspection visits to PRSs. However it is recommended to increase the manpower capacity of Town Gas through recruiting additional personnel. The estimated manpower to be used exclusively for the environmental management and monitoring of the project is: - About 3,000 person day per year for an HSE site supervisor to shadow construction works. - About 100 person days for input during design and tender phase - About 100 person/days per year for following up mitigation and monitoring through operation phase

Following are recommended training programs for EGAS/Town Gas staff to build their capacity for managing the project:

Table 7-6: Recommended Training Courses for EGAS/Town Gas staff

Type of Particpating Proposed Cost Estimate Training course training parties Scheduling in LE Tailored training on Class room - Environmental Department Before detailed LE 50,000/course Environmental + on job staff of EGAS design of the Management and training - HSE staff of Town Gas project monitoring for the project - Design, Projects and Operations department staff (responsible for the project) of Town Gas Treatment of odorant On Job - PRS staff - Once before start Management containers training - HSE staff of Town Gas operation of PRS costs of Town - To be part of the Gas oreintation of new PRS staff and HSE staff of Town Gas during project operation Safety aspects of PRS Classroom - PRS staff - Once before start L.E. + on Job - HSE staff of Town Gas operation of PRS 20,000/cource training - To be part of the oreintation of new PRS staff and HSE staff of Town Gas during project operation Environmental auditing Classroom - New HSE staff of Town Gas - Once upon L.E. and inspection + on job recruited for the project recruitement of 20,000/cource training new HSE staff

121 ESIAF EGAS

Socail training provided On job Emergency unit staff After addressing L.E. for employees of Town training the roads and 20,000 /course Gas emegency units to during construction be able to prepare a case phase study for poor people

7.6.3 Estimated Budget

The estimated budget for implementing recommended environmental management and monitoring activities is US $ 850,000 during the six years of project construction. The breakdown for this budget is as follows:

- $ 270,000 as salaries/benefits for new Town Gas HSE supervisors to be recruited for the project. It has been assumed that 10 new staff members will be recruited at a total cost of $ 45,000 / year. Cost of input required by existing Town Gas / EGAS staff members is not included. - $ 25,000 for monitoring vehicles emissions. It has been assumed that 30 excavation vehicles will be working each year and shall be monitored on quarterly basis. This cost is expected to be over normal contractor bid prices - $ 300,000 for mitigation and monitoring activities for antiquity sites. It should be noted that there was no accurate estimation for number of antiquity sites that needs supervision. In order to reach an estimated budget, it has been assumed that the number of sites requires mitigation/monitoring is 50 sites, each shall cost $ 6,000. - $ 55,000 gas detectors and PPE in PRSs - $ 55,000 for training and capacity building for Town Gas staff - $ 25,000 for awareness for citizens in the 28 districts - $ 5,000 allowance for possible extra waste disposal requirements, which could be extra to normal contractor bid price - $ 20,000 for disposal of odorant containers in the hazardous waste facility in Nasserya/Alexandria - $ 10,000 Allowance for maintenance, rehabilitation and possibility purchase of new noise monitoring equipment - $ 85,000 for contingencies and confrontation of unforeseen circumstances

122 ESIAF EGAS 8. Public Consultation

8.1 First Public Consultation

The first public consultation for this project was held on November 25th 2006 in Ramsis Hilton Hotel in Downtown Cairo. The complete report for the meeting is attached in Annex 9.

There were 113 attendees present, including representatives from: - EGAS - EEAA - Town Gas - Local Districts (where the project will be implemented) - Local NGOs - Academia - Community (at large)

The meeting began with a number of opening statements made by representatives from EGAS, EEAA, and Town Gas. This was followed by a presentation made by the ESIAF consultants, which addressed the main features of the project and the identified environmental and social issues.

An open discussion session followed for around 2 hours during which many issues were raised. Some of these issues are highlighted below.

- The ability to pay for citizens, especially in low income areas, is doubtful. This comment has been addressed by many of the attendees including representatives of Cairo Governorate, Giza Governorate, two NGOs and representatives from the Ministry of Petroleum. Among the recommended solutions is that the Government should bear up to 90% of the installation costs, and that different installment options to facilitate payments of installation costs for citizens should be considered. It has been recommended that such economic aspects should be addressed in the study. - The issue that previous clients connected to NG have not paid for their connections has been raised. An EGAS representative mentioned that it has been the Government's decision to provide partial finance of the project from end users to meet its construction costs. - Monitoring of radon gas concentrations in residential units and possible leaks of methane inside these units have been raised as recommended activities in the ESMMF. Town Gas has clarified that radon and sulfur is being filtered in gas fields and do not enter the network. For monitoring methane leaks, this shall be maintained through adding the odorant in PRSs. - There was a recommendation that the responsibilities of the implementing agency (Town Gas) should include employing adequate criteria for the selection of contractors, who shall be responsible for applying control measures over the project activities. - There was a recommendation that there should be training for the users of NG in addition to training of Town Gas staff and contractors. There should be awareness campaigns in mass media about the safe use of NG. An NGO representative recommended that NGOs could play an active role in this

123 ESIAF EGAS awareness campaign. EGAS representatives indicated that gas has been utilized in Egypt in the past decades and proved to be much safer than LPG. - The risks of gas leaks and capacity of fire-fighting authorities in facing such risk have also been addressed. Again, the proven high safety of gas utilization was emphasized. - The social study should include members of Local Peoples Assembly for their role in the decision making process. This comment has been addressed by a representative of Cairo Governorate. - There was a recommendation that LPG cylinder distributors could be substituted by employing them in the new project. - There was a recommendation that the study and presentation should be available on the EGAS website with service for receiving comments from members of the public.

8.2 Second Public Consultation

The Second public consultation for this project was held on December 27th 2006 in Ramsis Hilton Hotel in Downtown Cairo. The complete report for the meeting is attached in Annex 10.

:attendees present, including representatives from There were 1٠٩ - EGAS - EEAA - Town Gas - Enppi - Petrotrade - GASCO - Egypt Gas - Ministry of Petroleum - Social Fund for Development - Ministry of Health - Ministry of Manpower - Media - Environmental consultancy firms - Local Districts (where the project will be implemented) - Local NGOs - Academia - Community (at large)

The meeting began with opening statements made by the representatives from EGAS, EEAA, and Town Gas, followed by a presentation made by the ESIAF consultants, which addressed the main features of the project and the identified environmental and social issues.

An open discussion session followed for around 2 hours during which many issues were raised. Some of these issues are highlighted below.

- PRS locations selection was raised. There were recommendations for identifying buffer zones so as to prevent future urbanization from getting near PRSs. It was emphasized that the QRA prepared for the PRS considered populated surroundings of PRS, and that the risks of leaks/fires, if mitigation

124 ESIAF EGAS measures were followed, are within the boundaries of the PRS and within acceptable range. - A representative from GASCO mentioned that the proposed location for El Tebeen PRS, is currently having a PRS operated by GASCO. The PRS is receiving complaints from an adjacent house about high noise levels and he suggested to consider an alternative location of this PRS. - The issue of raising people's awareness regarding the utilization of NG was brought up. It was emphasized that EGAS should play an active role in this regard. - It was emphasized that there should be a strong collaboration between Town Gas and its contractors and whatever body responsible for repaving the road, so that the road is effectively paved shortly after excavations works. - It was also emphasized that construction solid waste should be effectively disposed in the allocated disposal sites.

125 ESIAF EGAS

Annex 1: List of experts contributed in preparation of the ESIA Framework Study

126 ESIAF EGAS

Abdel Alim Hashem Archeological Expert

Ali Zien Traffic expert

Atef Kamal Hydrogeology

Ismail Nagi Structural expert

Taha Abdullah Archeological Expert

Mohammad Hassan Social Expert

Mohammad Kandeel Environmental Expert

Mohammad Nour GIS expert

Mostafa El Said Air pollution and noise expert

Zeinab Hafez Social Expert

127 ESIAF EGAS

Annex 2: Material Safety Data Sheet for the Normally Applied Odorant

128 ESIAF EGAS

129 ESIAF EGAS

130 ESIAF EGAS

131 ESIAF EGAS

132 ESIAF EGAS

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134 ESIAF EGAS

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Annex 3: Letters from Town Gas requesting identification for PRS locations from Local Councils

137 ESIAF EGAS

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142 ESIAF EGAS

Annex 4: Socioeconomic Statistics of Cairo and Giza Governorates

143 ESIAF EGAS

Infrastructure Cairo Giza Potable water Total Quantity of produced potable water 5333,000 Sq. m/day 1862.000 Sq. m/day Total quanity of consumed water 4791,000 Sq. m/day 1665,000 Sq. m/day Individual portion of consumed potable water 628 Litre/ day 301 Litre/ day Individual portion of the produced water 699 liter/ day 336 liter/ day Sourse: Ministery of Housing and Infrastructure Sanitation The total load of sewage system 2582.000 Sq m/ day 1162.000 Sq m/ day Individual portion of the sewage system load 338 Litre/ day 210 Litre/ day Sourse: Ministery of Housing and Infrastructure Electricity Electrisity produced for lightening 8501 Million kw/ 4991 Million kw/ year year Electrisity produced for industerial field 5924 Million kw/ 1868 Million kw/ year year Individual share of electricity for lightening 1114 k.w. /year 902 k.w. /year Sourse: Ministery of Electricity and power Supply Communication Number of Centrals 52 75 Number of telephone lines 2618.000 1376.000 Telephone density 34.3 line/ 100 person 24.8 line/ 100 person Total number of post offices 242 201 Individual share of post offices 31.5 1000 pers/office 27.5 1000 pers/office Sourse: Ministery of telecommunication and information technology Transportation Paved roads 1009 Km 2034 Km Individual share of paved roads 132 person/km 2721 person/km Total length of dusty roads 16 km 200 km Sourse: Ministery transportation

Land Use

Cairo Giza Total Area 3085.12 sq. km 13184 sq. km Inhabited Area 190.42 sq. km 1191 sq. km Dwellings 96.52 sq. km 84 sq. km Facilities and graveyards 17.66 sq. km 120 sq. km Ponds and poor areas 28.90 sq. km 9 sq. km Cultivated lands inside Zemam 15.45 sq. km 776 sq. km Cultivated land outside Zemam 31.89 sq. km 202 sq. km Inhabited Areas comparing with the total area 6.2% 9% Density for the whole Area 2.4 thousand/ sq. km 0.42 thousand/ sq. km Density for inhabited areas 40.07 thousand/ sq. km 4.65 thousand/ sq. km

Households “1996 Census- CAPMAS”

Governorates Cairo Giza Total

٢.٧٣٨.٦٨٧ ١.٠٨١.٦٠٦ ١.٦٥٧.٠٨١ Families ١.١٤٩٦.٩٩٥ ٤.٧٦١.٨٢٣ ٦.٧٣٥.١٧٢ Individuals ٤٫٧ ٤٫٤ ٤٫١ Family Size

144 ESIAF EGAS ١٫٢ ١٫٣ ١٫١ Persons / room

Distribution of Population By Gender (Estimated Statistics) Based On 1996 Census. On CAPMAS Web Site

Group (A) Districts Female Male Total New Cairo 19,955 20,675 40,630 Heliopolis 73,036 69,113 142,149 El Khalifa 106,206 113,686 219,892 15th of May 36,169 38,457 74,626 El Tebbin 44,575 42,583 87,158 Helwan 298,950 320,343 619,293

Group (B) Districts Female Male Total El Nozha 91,302 90,225 181,527 Maadi 48,110 45,753 93,863 Nasr City 161,604 165,216 326,820 Nasr City 2 33,684 46,092 79,776 El Haram 116,696 126,370 243,066 El Sayyeda Zeinab 87,274 90,591 177,865 Abdeen 26,389 27,127 53,516 Kasr El Nile 6,801 7,776 14,577 Hadayek El Kobba 173,812 182,304 356,116

Group (C) Districts Female Male Total El Zaher 34,811 39,752 74,563 El Waily 52,859 57,380 110,239 El Zawya El Hamra 169,235 180,743 349,978 El Matareia 289,016 301,966 590,982 Ain Shams 260,794 276,100 536,894 El Basateen 363,640 388,262 751,902 El Sharabeia 136,687 148,787 285,474 Mirs El Qadeema 129,020 134,860 263,880 Giza 134,374 143,399 277,773 Boulaq El Dakrour 271,429 290,329 561,758 El Warrak 222,847 239,111 461,958 Imbaba 301,951 323,320 625,271 Omraneia 295,583 313,014 608,597

145 ESIAF EGAS Distribution Of Population By Education, in Cairo and Giza (estimated statistics) based on 1996 Census. On CAPMAS web site

Group (A)

Read& Less Not Not Under District illiterate Prim. Seco. Univ. Total write Seco. iden know age ٤٠،٦٣٣ ٧،٧٦٨ ٥٥ ٣،٣٩٦ ٥٠٩ ٧،٥٩٣ ١،٨٢٤ ٢،٢٠٣ ٨،٦٨٥ ٨،٦٠٠ New Cairo ١٤٢،١٥٦ ٢٧،١٨١ ٢،٢٥٢ ٤٣،٩٥٧ ٢،٨٤٦ ٢٥،٥٣٢ ٩،٣٦٤ ٨،٧٤٨ ١٣،٢٤٢ ٩،٠٣٤ Heliopolis ٢١٩،٨٨٥ ٤٢،٠٢٧ ٤١٤ ١٤،٧٨٥ ٤،٥٢٣ ٣٥،٦٥٢ ١٧،٩٣٨ ١٤،١٨٢ ٣٥،٥٩٦ ٥٤،٧٦٨ El Khalifa ٧٤،٦٢٨ ١٤،٢٦٥ ٣٦٨ ٧،٥٨٤ ٢،٢٦٤ ١٧،٨٩٣ ٧،٦٧٨ ٤،٩٦٢ ١٢،٨٥٠ ٦،٧٦٤ ١٥th of May ٨٧،١٤٠ ١٦،٦٦٥ ٨٧ ١،٧٦٥ ١،١٣٢ ١٥،٢٠٩ ٦،٩٦٨ ٦،٩١٥ ١٦،٩٨٧ ٢١،٤١٢ El Tebbin ٦١٩،٢٩٤ ١١٨،٣٨٢ ١،٣٦٤ ٣٤،٦٠٨ ١١،٣٨٩ ١٠٦،٣٤٢ ٥٦،٧٦١ ٦٢،٢٧٦ ٩٥،٣٠١ ١٣٢،٨٧١ Helwan

Group (B) Read& Less Not Not Under District illiterate Prim. Seco. Univ. Total write Seco. iden know age ١٨١،٥٢٣ ٣٤،٧٠٧ ٢،٩١٠ ٦٢،٨٦٥ ٣،٣٢٥ ٣١،٦٧١ ١٢،٠٨٤ ١١،٨٢٧ ١٢،٩٩٥ ٩،١٣٩ El Nozha ٩٣،٨٦٦ ١٧،٩٤٦ ١،٧٦٦ ٢٥،٨٢٤ ١،٦٦٢ ١٤،٥٧٨ ٦،٧٦٤ ٨،٠٣٩ ٨،٧١٥ ٨،٥٧٢ Maadi ٣٢٦،٨٣٥ ٦٢،٤٨٣ ٥،٤٢٩ ٩٢،٨٣٩ ٥،٣٦٥ ٥٥،٩٥٣ ١٩،٥٤٧ ٢١،٣٠٣ ٣٣،٠٣٣ ٣٠،٨٨٣ Nasr City ٧٩،٧٨٥ ١٥،٢٣٨ ٥٩٦ ١٣،٣٩٩ ١،٤٨٣ ١٩،٧٥٢ ٥،٣٩٧ ٤،٧٦٣ ٩،٨٠٨ ٩،٣٤٩ Nasr City 2 ٢٤٣،٠٦٣ ٥٧،٩٤٠ ٥٥٢ ١٩،٢٣٥ ٤،٢٥١ ٣١،٧٣٣ ١٦،٠١٢ ١٥،٩٧٤ ٤٢،٨٥١ ٥٤،٥١٥ El Haram ١٧٧،٨٨٠ ٣٤،٠٠٦ ٦٢٣ ١٩،٢٥٥ ٣،٨٧٥ ٣٣،٤٠٦ ١٣،٤٣١ ٧،٣١١ ٣٠،٩٨١ ٣٤،٩٩٢ El Sayyeda Zeinab ٥٣،٥٢١ ١٠،٢٢٩ ٣٣٣ ٧،٩٠١ ١،٤٥٩ ١٠،٩٤٧ ٤،٠٨٦ ٢،١٩٧ ٨،٥٩٩ ٧،٧٧٠ Abdeen ١٤،٥٨١ ٢،٧٨٥ ٣٤٦ ٤،١٤٥ ١٩٢ ٢،٠٣٢ ٦١٢ ٣٠٠ ٣،١٥٧ ١،٠١٢ Kasr El Nile Hadayek El ٣٥٦،١٠٧ ٦٨،٠٧١ ١،٠٢٢ ٣١،٥٩٦ ٨،٨٤٥ ٦٣،٥٨٥ ٢٦،١٦٢ ٢٠،٢٨٦ ٦٦،٧٢٨ ٦٩،٨١٢ Kobba

Group (C) Read& Less Not Not Under District illiterate Prim. Seco. Univ. Total write Seco. iden know age ٧٤،٥٧٥ ١٤،٢٥٢ ٣٥٣ ١٢،٠٦٠ ٢،٣٠٠ ١٦،١١٤ ٦،٤٨٣ ٥،١٣٣ ٩،٤٥٠ ٨،٤٣٠ El Zaher ١١٠،٢١٢ ٢١،٠٦٧ ٤١٩ ١٤،١٧٠ ٢،٦٩٩ ٢٥،٧٦٥ ٦،١٨١ ٤،٨٨٨ ١٧،٠٧٢ ١٧،٩٥١ El Waily El Zawya ٣٤٩،٩٧٥ ٦٦،٩٠٠ ٢٧٥ ١٤،٣٣٢ ٨،٢٣٧ ٦١،٥٣١ ٣٥،٦٩٨ ٣٣،٧٦٦ ٥٢،١٢٣ ٧٧،١١٣ El Hamra ٥٩٠،٩٨١ ١١٢،٩٧٥ ٧٣٦ ٣٢،٦١٣ ١٤،٧١٣ ١٠٥،١٣١ ٦١،٩٦٩ ٥١،٤٣١ ٩٩،١٩٤ ١١٢،٢١٩ El Matareia ٥٣٦،٨٩٣ ١٠٢،٦٣٢ ١،٧٨٢ ٥٨،٦٠٠ ١٥،٠٠٠ ٩٩،٩٩٣ ٤٩،٣٧٠ ٣٧،٦٨١ ٨٣،٢٥٤ ٨٨،٥٨١ Ain Shams ٧٥١،٩٠٠ ١٤٣،٧٣١ ١،٥٢٠ ٥٦،٢٦٤ ١٦،٤٥٥ ١٢٣،٣٩٤ ٦٣،٠٥٥ ٦٧،٩٩٧ ١١٥،٦٥٦ ١٦٣،٨٢٨ El Basateen El ٢٨٥،٤٧٦ ٥٤،٥٦٥ ٤٠٣ ١١،٥٩٤ ٦،٣١٤ ٤٦،٨٧٣ ٢٥،٤٨٣ ٢٥،٦٩٣ ٤٣،٠١٦ ٧١،٥٣٥ Sharabeia Mirs El ٢٦٣،٨٨١ ٥٠،٤٤٨ ١،٣٣١ ٢٧،١٧٠ ٤،٧٨٣ ٣٧،٨٥٢ ١٧،٦٤١ ١٦،٧٠٠ ٣٨،٤٩٦ ٦٩،٤٦٠ Qadeema ٢٧٧،٧٧٢ ٦٦،٢١٩ ٣٩٢ ١٩،٠٣٨ ٥،٣٣٧ ٤١،٠٨٥ ١٩،٤٣٦ ٢١،٣٧٤ ٤٤،٣٩٢ ٦٠،٤٩٩ Giza Boulaq El ٥٦١،٧٦٧ ١٣٣،٩١٩ ١،٢٥٦ ٣٦،٧١١ ١٢،٢٥٤ ٩٣،٩٥٧ ٤٦،٢٥٤ ٤٨،٦٩٨ ٨٧،١٣٦ ١٠١،٥٨٢ Dakrour ٤٦١،٩٥٩ ١١٠،١٢٩ ٣٠٤ ١٧،٩٠٨ ٧،٢٧٢ ٦٤،٢٢٤ ٣٥،٨٣١ ٣٧،١٧٧ ٧٨،٩٤٦ ١١٠،١٦٨ El Warrak

146 ESIAF EGAS ٦٢٥،٢٦٨ ١٤٩،٠٦٠ ٤٤٤ ٢٤،٤٦٤ ١١،٨٣١ ٩٦،٦٧١ ٥٤،٦٦٣ ٥٦،٠٤٨ ٩٥،٥٧٧ ١٣٦،٥١٠ Imbaba ٦٠٨،٥٨٧ ١٤٥،٠٨٧ ٢،٤٥٣ ٧٩،١٦١ ١٤،٣٨٤ ١٠٥،٧٩٧ ٤٩،٧٢٢ ٥٠،١٥٤ ٧٥،٤٢٢ ٨٦،٤٠٧ Omraneia

147 ESIAF EGAS Distribution of Population By Age groups (estimated statistics) based on 1996 Census. On CAPMAS web site

Group (A) ٧٥+ -٦٥ -٥٥ -٤٥ -٣٥ -٢٥ -١٥ -٥ ١- District Total -٧٠ -٦٠ -٥٠ -٤٠ -٣٠ -٢٠ -١٠ -١ ٣٥٦ ٧٤٤ ١،٢٥٠ ٢،١٩٤ ٢،٨٨٣ ٣،١٣٧ ٤،٦٧٣ ٤،١١٢ ٣٥٤ New Cairo ٤٠،٦٣٠ ٤٨٤ ١،٢١٩ ١،٧٥٥ ٢،٦٥٧ ٣،٠٨٨ ٣،٧٥٨ ٤،٦٦٥ ٣،٣٠١ ١،٢٤٢ ٢،٥٨٩ ٤،٣٦٠ ٧،٦٧٦ ١٠،١٠١ ١٠،٩٨٧ ١٦،٣٤٠ ١٤،٣٩٠ ١،٢٣٩ Heliopolis ١٤٢،١٤٩ ١،٦٨٥ ٤،٢٦١ ٦،١٤٥ ٩،٣٠١ ١٠،٨١٨ ١٣،١٤٣ ١٦،٣١٩ ١١،٥٥٣ ١،٩٣١ ٤،٠٣١ ٦،٧٧٠ ١١،٨٨٠ ١٥،٥٩٢ ١٦،٩٦٩ ٢٥،٢٩٤ ٢٢،٢٥٢ ١،٩١٢ El Khalifa ٢١٩،٨٩٢ ٢،٦٢٢ ٦،٥٩٨ ٩،٥٠١ ١٤،٣٧٢ ١٦،٧٠٣ ٢٠،٣٥٠ ٢٥،٢٥١ ١٧،٨٦٤ ٦٥٦ ١،٣٦٩ ٢،٢٩٨ ٤،٠٣١ ٥،٢٩٣ ٥،٧٥٩ ٨،٥٨٤ ٧،٥٥١ ٦٥٠ ١٥th of May ٧٤،٦٢٦ ٨٨٨ ٢،٢٣٨ ٣،٢٢٤ ٤،٨٧٧ ٥،٦٦٩ ٦،٩٠٥ ٨،٥٧٠ ٦،٠٦٤ ٧٦٣ ١،٥٨٨ ٢،٦٧٦ ٤،٧١٠ ٦،١٩٠ ٦،٧٣٣ ١٠،٠٢٢ ٨،٨٢٢ ٧٦٣ El Tebbin ٨٧،١٥٨ ١،٠٣٤ ٢،٦١٠ ٣،٧٦٩ ٥،٧٠٤ ٦،٦٣٠ ٨،٠٥٧ ١٠،٠٠٥ ٧،٠٨٢ ٥،٤٤٦ ١١،٣٦٣ ١٩،٠٧٥ ٣٣،٤٤٨ ٤٣،٩٢١ ٤٧،٧٨٧ ٧١،٢٤٠ ٦٢،٦٧١ ٥،٣٩٩ Helwan ٦١٩،٢٩٣ ٧،٣٧٧ ١٨،٥٧٨ ٢٦،٧٥٧ ٤٠،٤٦٦ ٤٧،٠٤١ ٥٧،٣٠٢ ٧١،١١٢ ٥٠،٣١٠

Group (B) ٧٥+ -٦٥ -٥٥ -٤٥ -٣٥ -٢٥ -١٥ -٥ ١- District Total -٧٠ -٦٠ -٥٠ -٤٠ -٣٠ -٢٠ -١٠ -١ ١،٥٨٩ ٣،٣١٣ ٥،٥٧٦ ٩،٨٠٥ ١٢،٨٨٩ ١٤،٠٢٠ ٢٠،٨٧٥ ١٨،٣٧٥ ١،٥٨٢ El Nozha ١٨١،٥٢٧ ٢،١٥٥ ٥،٤٤١ ٧،٨٤٧ ١١،٨٧١ ١٣،٨٠٦ ١٦،٧٩١ ٢٠،٨٤٣ ١٤،٧٤٩ ٨٢١ ١،٧٠٧ ٢،٨٨٠ ٥،٠٦٩ ٦،٦٧٠ ٧،٢٥٤ ١٠،٧٩٢ ٩،٤٩٩ ٨٢٠ Maadi ٩٣،٨٦٣ ١،١١٤ ٢،٨١٢ ٤،٠٥٧ ٦،١٤٠ ٧،١٤٤ ٨،٦٧٨ ١٠،٧٧٨ ٧،٦٢٨ ٢،٨٦٣ ٥،٩٧٩ ١٠،٠٥٧ ١٧،٦٥٤ ٢٣،١٩٧ ٢٥،٢٣٩ ٣٧،٥٨٦ ٣٣،٠٧٨ ٢،٨٤٦ Nasr City ٣٢٦،٨٢٠ ٣،٨٨٥ ٩،٨٠١ ١٤،١٢١ ٢١،٣٦٥ ٢٤،٨٤٣ ٣٠،٢٣٠ ٣٧،٥٢٦ ٢٦،٥٥٠ ٧١٢ ١،٤٨٤ ٢،٤٧٤ ٤،٣١٠ ٥،٦٣٨ ٦،١٣٧ ٩،١٨٦ ٨،٠٦٦ ٦٩٤ Nasr City 2 ٧٩،٧٧٦ ٩٦١ ٢،٤٠١ ٣،٤٤١ ٥،٢٠٢ ٦،٠٣٩ ٧،٣٩٣ ٩،١٦٣ ٦،٤٧٥ ١،٤٠١ ٢،٩١٣ ٥،٧٢٠ ١١،٠٣٤ ١٦،٨٩٩ ١٨،٥٣١ ٢٨،١٢٨ ٣٠،٨٥٨ ٢،٩٧٥ El Haram ٢٤٣،٠٦٦ ٢،٠٣٧ ٥،٢٨٦ ٨،٢٤٨ ١٣،٩٠٢ ١٧،٥٥٦ ٢٠،٨٦٩ ٣٢،٦٠٠ ٢٤،١٠٩ ١،٥٦٥ ٣،٢٥٥ ٥،٤٧١ ٩،٦٠٥ ١٢،٦١٧ ١٣،٧٢٨ ٢٠،٤٥٨ ١٨،٠٠٤ ١،٥٥٤ El Sayyeda Zeinab ١٧٧،٨٦٥ ٢،١١٧ ٥،٣٣٣ ٧،٦٨٤ ١١،٦٢٨ ١٣،٥١٦ ١٦،٤٥٣ ٢٠،٤٢٥ ١٤،٤٥٢ ٤٦٨ ٩٨٢ ١،٦٤٤ ٢،٨٩١ ٣،٧٩٦ ٤،١٣٥ ٦،١٥٧ ٥،٤١٧ ٤٦٢ Abdeen ٥٣،٥١٦ ٦٣٦ ١،٦٠٢ ٢،٣١١ ٣،٥٠١ ٤،٠٧١ ٤،٩٤٩ ٦،١٤٦ ٤،٣٤٨ ١٢٨ ٢٦٧ ٤٥١ ٧٨٥ ١،٠٣٦ ١،١٢٥ ١،٦٧٧ ١،٤٧٥ ١٢٥ Kasr El Nile ١٤،٥٧٧ ١٧٣ ٤٣٩ ٦٣٠ ٩٥٣ ١،١٠٧ ١،٣٥٠ ١،٦٧٤ ١،١٨٢ ٣،١٣٢ ٦،٥٢٥ ١٠،٩٦١ ١٩،٢٣٤ ٢٥،٢٦٦ ٢٧،٤٨٦ ٤٠،٩٦٢ ٣٦،٠٣٩ ٣،١٠٤ Hadayek El Kobba ٣٥٦،١١٦ ٤،٢٣٩ ١٠،٦٨٣ ١٥،٣٨٧ ٢٣،٢٧٣ ٢٧،٠٥٩ ٣٢،٩٤٦ ٤٠،٨٩٠ ٢٨،٩٣٠

148 ESIAF EGAS

Group (C) ٧٥+ -٦٥ -٥٥ -٤٥ -٣٥ -٢٥ -١٥ -٥ ١- District Total -٧٠ -٦٠ -٥٠ -٤٠ -٣٠ -٢٠ -١٠ -١ ٦٥٧ ١،٣٧٤ ٢،٣٠١ ٤،٠٢٩ ٥،٢٨٢ ٥،٧٤٨ ٨،٥٨٠ ٧،٥٤٥ ٦٤٨ El Zaher ٧٤،٥٦٣ ٨٩٢ ٢،٢٣٨ ٣،٢١٨ ٤،٨٧٠ ٥،٦٥٦ ٦،٩٠٢ ٨،٥٦٤ ٦،٠٥٩ ٩٧١ ٢،٠٢٢ ٣،٣٩٧ ٥،٩٥٤ ٧،٨١٧ ٨،٥٠٥ ١٢،٦٨١ ١١،١٥٦ ٩٦٢ El Waily ١١٠،٢٣٩ ١،٣١٥ ٣،٣١٠ ٤،٧٦١ ٧،٢٠٢ ٨،٣٧٠ ١٠،٢٠٢ ١٢،٦٦٠ ٨،٩٥٤ El Zawya El ٣،٠٧٦ ٦،٤٢٠ ١٠،٧٧٨ ١٨،٩٠٢ ٢٤،٨٢٤ ٢٧،٠٠٦ ٤٠،٢٥٨ ٣٥،٤١٥ ٣،٠٥٠ Hamra ٣٤٩،٩٧٨ ٤،١٦٨ ١٠،٥٠٠ ١٥،١٢٠ ٢٢،٨٧١ ٢٦،٥٨٥ ٣٢،٣٨٣ ٤٠،١٨٧ ٢٨،٤٣٥ ٥،١٨٨ ١٠،٨٢٣ ١٨،١٨٨ ٣١،٩١٨ ٤١،٩٢٨ ٤٥،٦١٦ ٦٧،٩٧٥ ٥٩،٨٠٨ ٥،١٥٣ El Matareia ٥٩٠،٩٨٢ ٧،٠٣٦ ١٧،٧٢٦ ٢٥،٥٣٨ ٣٨،٦٢٨ ٤٤،٩٠٦ ٥٤،٦٧٣ ٦٧،٨٦٣ ٤٨،٠١٥ ٤،٧١٦ ٩،٨٤٤ ١٦،٥٣٣ ٢٨،٩٩٦ ٣٨،٠٨٣ ٤١،٤٣٤ ٦١،٧٥٦ ٥٤،٣٣١ ٤،٦٨٠ Ain Shams ٥٣٦،٨٩٤ ٦،٣٩٢ ١٦،١٠٦ ٢٣،١٩٨ ٣٥،٠٩٠ ٤٠،٧٨٩ ٤٩،٦٧٦ ٦١،٦٥١ ٤٣،٦١٩ ٦،٦٠٩ ١٣،٧٩١ ٢٣،١٥٤ ٤٠،٦٠٩ ٥٣،٣٣٤ ٥٨،٠٢٠ ٨٦،٤٩١ ٧٦،٠٩٤ ٦،٥٥٧ El Basateen ٧٥١،٩٠٢ ٨،٩٥٦ ٢٢،٥٥٨ ٣٢،٤٨٧ ٤٩،١٣٤ ٥٧،١١٤ ٦٩،٥٧٠ ٨٦،٣٤١ ٦١،٠٨٣ ٢،٥١١ ٥،٢٤٣ ٨،٧٩٧ ١٥،٤١٨ ٢٠،٢٤١ ٢٢،٠٢٤ ٣٢،٨٤١ ٢٨،٨٨٧ ٢،٤٨٦ El Sharabeia ٢٨٥،٤٧٤ ٣،٤٠٤ ٨،٥٦٨ ١٢،٣٣٠ ١٨،٦٥٢ ٢١،٦٨٠ ٢٦،٤١٨ ٣٢،٧٨٣ ٢٣،١٩١ ٢،٣١٦ ٤،٨٣٣ ٨،١٢٤ ١٤،٢٥٤ ١٨،٧٢٠ ٢٠،٣٦٤ ٣٠،٣٥٢ ٢٦،٧٠٧ ٢،٣٠٤ Mirs El Qadeema ٢٦٣،٨٨٠ ٣،١٤١ ٧،٩١٣ ١١،٤٠٥ ١٧،٢٤٨ ٢٠،٠٤٨ ٢٤،٤١٣ ٣٠،٣٠١ ٢١،٤٣٧ ١،٦٠٢ ٣،٣٢٥ ٦،٥٣٢ ١٢،٦٠٤ ١٩،٣١٦ ٢١،١٩٢ ٣٢،١٤٠ ٣٥،٢٦٢ ٣،٤٠٤ Giza ٢٧٧،٧٧٣ ٢،٣٢٥ ٦،٠٣٥ ٩،٤٢٧ ١٥،٨٨٤ ٢٠،٠٦٧ ٢٣،٨٤٥ ٣٧،٢٥٧ ٢٧،٥٥٦ ٣،٢٣٧ ٦،٧٢٧ ١٣،٢٠٨ ٢٥،٤٩٤ ٣٩،٠٦٣ ٤٢،٨٥٣ ٦٥،٠٠٤ ٧١،٣١٨ ٦،٨٧٨ Boulaq El Dakrour ٥٦١،٧٥٨ ٤،٧٠٤ ١٢،٢٠٧ ١٩،٠٦٢ ٣٢،١٢٧ ٤٠،٥٨١ ٤٨،٢٢٤ ٧٥،٣٤٦ ٥٥،٧٢٥ ٢،٦٦١ ٥،٥٣٢ ١٠،٨٦٣ ٢٠،٩٦٧ ٣٢،١٢٤ ٣٥،٢٣٤ ٥٣،٤٥٧ ٥٨،٦٤٧ ٥،٦٥٨ El Warrak ٤٦١،٩٥٨ ٣،٨٦٦ ١٠،٠٣٩ ١٥،٦٨٠ ٢٦،٤٢٠ ٣٣،٣٦٩ ٣٩،٦٥٩ ٦١،٩٥٩ ٤٥،٨٢٣ ٣،٦٠٢ ٧،٤٨٧ ١٤،٧٠٣ ٢٨،٣٧٨ ٤٣،٤٧٨ ٤٧،٦٩٥ ٧٢،٣٥٢ ٧٩،٣٧٦ ٧،٦٥٧ Imbaba ٦٢٥،٢٧١ ٥،٢٣٣ ١٣،٥٨٨ ٢١،٢٢٢ ٣٥،٧٥٨ ٤٥،١٧١ ٥٣،٦٧٩ ٨٣،٨٦٤ ٦٢،٠٢٨ ٣،٥٠٧ ٧،٢٨٢ ١٤،٣٠٨ ٢٧،٦١١ ٤٢،٣٢٧ ٤٦،٤٤٤ ٧٠،٤١٨ ٧٧،٢٦٢ ٧،٤٥٤ Omraneia ٦٠٨،٥٩٧ ٥،٠٩٤ ١٣،٢٢١ ٢٠،٦٥٢ ٣٤،٨٠١ ٤٣،٩٧٥ ٥٢،٢٤٧ ٨١،٦٢٤ ٦٠،٣٧٠

149 ESIAF EGAS

Distribution Of Population Living In Squatters Within The Project Areas

TYPE (A) Population 1 New Cairo, Shrouq New Cairo 2 Badr City Misr El Gadeeda 3 El Mokatam El Khaleifa 4 15th of May city 15th of May city 5 El Hadied we El Solb buildings Tebbin 48.000 6 El Hoda city Helwan 400.000 TYPE (B) 7 Qeba – Omar Ebn El Khatab- Sheraton buildings Nozha 8 Saqr Qoriesh- Degla Maadi 37.000 9 Embassies area- El Saudia buildings Nasr City 210.000 10 Sayda Zeinab Sayda Zeinab 41.000 11 Abdein Abdein 12 Garden city Kasr El Nil 13 Hadayek El Qobba Hadayek El Qobba Included with 14 Kabesh – El Remaia – El Sadr Hospital El Haram other parts of Giza

TYPE (C) 15 Sakakieny El Zaher 16 Fagala El Waily 255.000 17 El Nour and El Gondoul buildings El Zawia El Hamra 18 Matariea Matariea 532.000 19 Ein Shams Ein Shams (Heliopolis) 20 Dar El Salam El Basatein 628.000 21 El sharabeia El Sharabeia 21.000 22 Misr El qadeima Misr El qadeima 100.000 23 Moneib –Saqiet Meky El Giza district 24 Bolak El dakrour Bolak El dakrour 25 El warrak El warrak 2.182.000 26 Tag El dwal Imbaba district 27 El Omrania El Omrania

150 ESIAF EGAS

Population Distribution By Economic Activity(Estimated Statistics) Based On 1996 Census. On CAPMAS Web Site 1- Agriculture 9. Community, Social and personal services 2- Mining and Quarrying 10. Wholesale and retail trade, repairing and personal 3- Manufacturing commodition 4- Electricity, Gas and water Supplies 11. General department for defence 5- Establishments 12. Education 6- Transportation 13. Health and social work 7- Restaurants and Hotles 14. Activities not adequately described 8- Brokerage, real estate,renting Group A Group (B) ١٣ ١١ ٩ ٧ ٥ ٣ ١ District Total ١٤ ١٢ ١٠ ٨ ٦ ٤ ٢ ٤٠ ٦٠٠ ١٨٧ ٢،٦٥٧ ١٤ ٩،٤١٦ ١،٣٢٧ New Cairo ٤٠،٦٣١ ١٢،٤٣٣ ٢٣٤ ٥٣٧ ١٠،٥٤٦ ٥٤٥ ٢ ٢،٠٩٣ ٢٣٨ ٢،٨٣٤ ٨٠٤ ١٦،٣٥٢ ١٢٣ ٣٣،١٨٠ ٤،١٥٣ Heliopolis ١٤٢،١٦٠ ٤٣،٥٠٣ ٥١٨ ٨،٣٠٧ ٢٧،٣٩٥ ٢،٠٣٦ ٣ ٢،٧١٤ ٧٤ ٥،٣٠٥ ١،٠٥٩ ١٨،٩٤٥ ٣٩١ ٥١،٨١٧ ٣،٥٥٤ El Khalifa ٢١٩،٨٥٨ ٦٧،٢٧٦ ١،٠٠٤ ٥،٩٤٧ ٥١،٥٩٣ ٣،٨٤٠ ٤٩ ٩،٠٠٤ ٦٣ ٢٦٨ ٢٠٦ ٩،٠٨١ ٣٠ ٢٥،١٤٢ ٤١٢ ١٥th of May ٧٤،٦٢٧ ٢٢،٨٣٥ ٤٠٨ ١،٢٥٤ ١٢،٧٧٤ ١،١٦٢ ١ ٩٩١ ٧٥ ٥٣٥ ٦٠٢ ٨،٩٢٠ ٧١ ١٧،٣٠٦ ٤٠٠ El Tebbin ٨٧،١٤١ ٢٦،٦٧٠ ٥٧٨ ٢،٣٩٧ ٢٢،٩٩٣ ٢،٤٢٥ ٨ ٤،١٦١ ١،٦٥٣ ٤،٨٧٦ ٤،٧٥٦ ٦٥،٧٩٩ ١،٥٩٧ ١٤٦،٨٤٢ ٥،٨٤٧ Helwan ٦١٩،٢٩٥ ١٨٩،٤٩٠ ٤،٥٤١ ١٧،١٥١ ١٤١،٦٣٩ ١٥،٤٢٣ ٤٦ ١٩،٦٣٥

Group (B) ١٣ ١١ ٩ ٧ ٥ ٣ ١ District Total ١٤ ١٢ ١٠ ٨ ٦ ٤ ٢ ٢٦٦ ٢،٧٨٠ ٨٦٦ ٢٤،٠٤١ ١٣٥ ٤٦،٨٥٦ ٥،٣٢٢ El Nozha ١٨١،٥٢٧ ٥٥،٥٥٠ ٥٧٥ ٨،٩٣٦ ٣١،٠٤٨ ٢،٥٣٧ ٢ ٢،٦١٣ ١٠٢ ١،٣٦١ ٤٨٥ ١٠،٧٩٣ ١١٨ ٢٤،٥٦٠ ٢،٣٠٠ Maadi ٩٣،٨٦٧ ٢٨،٧٢٥ ٧٤٠ ٢،٨٠٠ ١٨،٠٧٤ ١،٦٧٣ ١ ٢،١٣٥ ٦٩٤ ١،٩٣٧ ١،٨٨٢ ٤٩،٠٣٨ ٢٥٨ ٨٦،٤٣٩ ٨،٩٢١ Nasr City ٣٢٦،٨٠٥ ١٠٠،٠٠٩ ١،٤٦٥ ٨،٥٠١ ٥٧،٤٩٨ ٣،٤٣١ ١٦ ٦،٧١٦ ٥٧ ١،٠١١ ٣٦٣ ١٦،٥١٦ ٧٦ ١٧،٦٩٨ ١،٢٦٧ Nasr City 2 ٧٩،٧٧٥ ٢٤،٤٠٢ ٧٧٧ ٢،٠٢٣ ١٣،٢٣١ ٨٨٦ ١ ١،٤٦٧ ١،٥٣٢ ١،٩٢٨ ١،٦٥٧ ١٨،٥٧٤ ١،٠٤٢ ٥١،٦٩٥ ٣،٣٤٥ El Haram ٢٤٣،٠٥٢ ٩٠،٥٤١ ٥٥٥ ٤،٥٢٩ ٥٥،٣٨٦ ٢،٤٦٨ ١٣٣ ٩،٦٦٧ El Sayyeda ١١٨ ٦،١٠٣ ٧٤٨ ١٦،٩٨٩ ١٨٩ ٤٢،٧٩١ ٣،١١٥ Zeinab ١٧٧،٨٧٧ ٥٤،٤٣٣ ١،٣٥٣ ٦،٣٨١ ٣٦،٢٧١ ٣،٨٤٠ ٥ ٥،٥٤١ ١٧٢ ٢،٧٨٢ ٢٩٢ ٥،١٨٢ ٧٨ ١٢،٤٤٤ ١،٥٧٨ Abdeen ٥٣،٥٢٤ ١٦،٣٧٣ ٣٤٣ ٢،٠٨٠ ١٠،٠١٥ ١،٢٥١ ٣ ٩٣١ ٨٩٦ ٢٦١ ٨٠ ١٫٠٤٨ ٢١ ٣٫٢٧٤ ٣٨٢ Kasr El Nile ١٤٫٥٨٠ ٤٫٤٥٩ ٨٤ ٩٧١ ٢٫٥٠٧ ١٧٩ ١ ٤١٧ Hadayek El ٢٨٣ ٥،١٢٠ ١،٥٠٦ ٤٢،٠٢٩ ٩٢٤ ٨٦،٢٦٣ ٤،٤٤٢ Kobba ٣٥٦،٠٩٦ ١٠٨،٩٦٤ ١،٩٧٥ ١٢،٨٧٠ ٧٣،٢٦٢ ٩،٧٠٤ ٢١ ٨،٧٣٣

151 ESIAF EGAS Group c ١٣ ١١ ٩ ٧ ٥ ٣ ١ District Total ١٤ ١٢ ١٠ ٨ ٦ ٤ ٢ ٨٩ ١،٨٥٠ ٤٩٠ ٩،٧٣٩ ٥٠ ١٥،٨٧٧ ٢،٣٥٦ El Zaher ٧٤،٥٧٤ ٢٢،٨١٦ ٦٦٠ ٣،٦٨١ ١٣،٧٣١ ١،٩٤٧ ١ ١،٢٨٧ ١١٥ ٢،٣٩٠ ٤٩٩ ١٦،٥٣٣ ٢٦٢ ٢٣،٢٦٣ ١،٥١٩ El Waily ١١٠،٢٢٠ ٣٣،٧٣٠ ٦٨١ ٤،٦٩٧ ٢١،٥٣١ ٢،٧٤٣ ١ ٢،٢٥٦ ١٠٧ ٣،٦٢١ ٢،١٧١ ٣٨،٥٦١ ٤٩١ ٨٥،٦٣٦ ٤،٢٢٨ El Zawya El Hamra ٣٤٩،٩٧٨ ١٠٧،٠٨٨ ١،٣٤٨ ٨،١٣٤ ٧٩،٥١٣ ٨،١٤١ ٧ ١٠،٩٣٢ ٢٠٩ ٥،٤٥٦ ٣،٤٠٦ ٦٤،٧٢٩ ٩٠٤ ١٣٩،١٤٦ ٦،٧٤٤ El Matareia ٥٩٠،٩٩٣ ١٨٠،٨٣٧ ٢،٢٦٨ ١٥،٥٥٤ ١٣٥،٩٥٢ ١٣،٠٧٢ ٢٠ ٢٢،٦٩٦ ١،٢٤٧ ٦،٣٣٨ ٢،٣٨٠ ٥٩،٨٩٢ ١،٠٢٠ ١٣٥،٦٣٧ ٩،٢٧٢ Ain Shams 536,881 18,181 9 9,608 113,965 12,429 2,623 164,280

٢٣٦ ٧،٠٣٤ ٣،٧١٤ ٦٨،٧٨٥ ١،٦٣١ ١٩٣،١٤٦ ١٤،٢٤٠ El Basateen ٧٥١،٨٩٩ ٢٣٠،٠٦٩ ٢،٦٩٦ ١٢،٥٧٨ ١٧٤،٠٢٧ ١١،١٨٣ ٢٦ ٣٢،٥٣٤ ٢٢٩ ٥،٦٦١ ١،٨٣١ ٢٨،٣٣٣ ٦٩٦ ٦٦،٤٢٣ ٣،٠٩٤ El Sharabeia ٢٨٥،٤٧٤ ٨٧،٣٤٧ ٢،١٢١ ٨،٨٣٧ ٦٢،٥٢٤ ٨،٧٢٧ ١٠ ٩،٦٤١ ٤٥٥ ٤،٣٥٦ ١،٧٩٥ ٢٣،٤١٣ ٥٢٣ ٦٠،٨٥٢ ٤،٠٩٣ Mirs El Qadeema ٢٦٣،٨٧٩ ٨٠،٧٥٠ ١،٨٤٥ ٩،٤٢٥ ٦٠،٠٩٤ ٦،٢٢٨ ٣٢ ١٠،٠١٨ ١٠٤ ٣،١٢١ ٢،٧٤٥ ٢٣،٢٤٦ ١،٠٧٣ ٥٩،٣٧٠ ٣،٧٣٩ Giza ٢٧٧،٧٦٢ ١٠٣،٤٧٥ ٩٤٣ ٦،٩٣٣ ٥٨،١٥٢ ٤،١٦٥ ٣٢ ١٠،٦٦٤ ١١٠ ٣،١٢٧ ٣،٧٠٠ ٥١،٤٣٦ ١،٤٣٨ ١٢٣،١٢٢ ٨،٨٧٠ Boulaq El Dakrour ٥٦١،٧٦١ ٢٠٩،٢٦٦ ١،٤٦٧ ١٠،٢٣٩ ١١٧،٨٦٥ ٨،٧٧٧ ٢٠ ٢٢،٣٢٤ ٨٧ ٢،٨٤٣ ٢،٤٠٦ ٣٣،٧٣٢ ٧٩٧ ٩٤،٣٢٦ ٨،٣٥٢ El Warrak ٤٦١،٩٥٠ ١٧٢،٠٨٨ ١،١١٩ ٥،٦٠١ ١٠٩،٨٨٥ ٣،٨٥٤ ٣٣٧ ٢٦،٥٢٣ ١٧٠ ٥،٩٠١ ٤،٦٨٣ ٥٣،٦٥٣ ١،٩٧٤ ١٣٣،٨٨٣ ٧،٢٢٨ Imbaba ٦٢٥،٢٦٠ ٢٣٢،٩٢٣ ١،٩٩٢ ١٣،٤٠٩ ١٣٥،٥٢٥ ١٠،٥٣٠ ٢١ ٢٣،٣٦٨ ٩٠ ٤،٨٤٥ ٢،٧٠٣ ٦١،٢٢٩ ١،٣٣٩ ١٤٥،١٦٣ ١٠،٤٤٣ Omraneia ٦٠٨،٥٨٠ ٢٢٦،٧٠٨ ١،٤٠١ ١١،٩٥٥ ١١٧،٧٦٥ ٦،٨٧٠ ٥٨ ١٨،٠١١

152 ESIAF EGAS

Population Distribution (15years +) by work Sector 1- Under age 2- Governmental 3- Public 4- Private 5- Foreign 6- Not identified 7- Unemployed

Group A Total ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ District ٤٠،٦٣١ ١٢،٤٣٣ ١٥،٣٤٦ ٤٠ ٦٦ ٨،٠٨٦ ٦٥٤ ٤،٠٠٦ New Cairo ١٤٢،١٥٨ ٤٣،٥٠٣ ٥٨،٤٨٢ ٢٣٣ ٣١٣ ٢٢،٤٨٧ ٣،٠٥٢ ١٤،٠٨٨ Heliopolis ٢١٩،٨٧٩ ٦٧،٢٧٦ ٨٧،٧٨٢ ٧٥ ٨٣ ٤٣،٣٩٤ ٣،٦١٨ ١٧،٦٥١ El Khalifa ١٥th of ٧٤،٦٢٨ ٢٢،٨٣٥ ٢٥،٢١٨ ٦٢ ٤٦ ٧،١٩٨ ٧،٨٩٧ ١١،٣٧٢ May ٨٧،١٤٠ ٢٦،٦٧٠ ٣٨،٥٢٦ ٧٥ ٢٧ ١٠،٤٨٣ ٧،٨٠٦ ٣،٥٥٣ El Tebbin ٦١٩،٢٩٥ ١٨٩،٤٩٠ ٢٥٥،٨٤٥ ١،٦٢٦ ٣٨٧ ٨٦،٣٢٣ ٣٦،٤٧٦ ٤٩،١٤٨ Helwan

Group (B) Total ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١ District ١٨١،٥٣١ ٥٥،٥٥٠ ٧١،٠٥٢ ٤٣٠ ٤٢٠ ٢٨،٩٤٣ ٥،٠٧٥ ٢٠،٠٦١ El Nozha ٩٣،٨٦٥ ٢٨،٧٢٥ ٣٦،٠٢٨ ١٠١ ٨٠١ ١٥،٦٤٢ ٢،٥٤٧ ١٠،٠٢١ Maadi ٣٢٦،٨٢٢ ١٠٠،٠٠٩ ١٢٤،٤٥١ ٦٧٥ ٧٠٦ ٥٢،٢٧٥ ٧،٢٩٧ ٤١،٤٠٩ Nasr City ٧٩،٧٧٧ ٢٤،٤٠٢ ٣٤،٨٦٥ ٥٥ ١١٣ ١٠،٢٠٢ ١،٨٦١ ٨،٢٧٩ Nasr City 2 ٢٤٣،٠٦٢ ٩٠،٥٤١ ٨٦،٦٢٩ ١،٣٩٣ ١٥١ ٤٥،٣٥٦ ٤،١٧٧ ١٤،٨١٥ El Haram El Sayyeda ١٧٧،٨٧٣ ٥٤،٤٣٣ ٧١،٨٠٩ ١١٨ ١٧٦ ٢٨،٦٠٩ ٣،٣٥٥ ١٩،٣٧٣ Zeinab ٥٣،٥٢١ ١٦،٣٧٣ ٢٢،١٢٢ ١٥٦ ١٠٠ ٨،٣٨٨ ١،٣٣٩ ٥،٠٤٣ Abdeen Kasr El ١٤،٥٨١ ٤،٤٥٩ ٦،٠٢٧ ٤٥٩ ٦١ ٢،٢٣٩ ٢٥٦ ١،٠٨٠ Nile Hadayek ٣٥٦،١٠٠ ١٠٨،٩٦٤ ١٤٦،٧٥١ ٢٨٢ ٢٦٩ ٥٥،٩٦٦ ٧،٨٩٩ ٣٥،٩٦٩ El Kobba

Group C ٧٤،٥٦٧ ٢٢،٨١٦ ٣٢،١٨٨ ٨٨ ٨٨ ١٠،٦١٨ ١،٢٩٢ ٧،٤٧٧ El Zaher ١١٠،٢٢٠ ٣٣،٧٣٠ ٤٩،١٩٢ ١١٣ ١٠٥ ١٤،٣٨٩ ١،٦٢٣ ١١،٠٦٨ El Waily El Zawya El ٣٤٩،٩٧٧ ١٠٧،٠٨٨ ١٤١،٥٩٦ ١٠٧ ١١٧ ٦٢،٤٧٤ ٨،٦٩٤ ٢٩،٩٠١ Hamra ٥٩٠،٩٨٦ ١٨٠،٨٣٧ ٢٤٠،٦٤٧ ٢٠٨ ١٩٩ ٩٦،٨٣٧ ١٨،٥٦٥ ٥٣،٦٩٣ El Matareia ٥٣٦،٨٨٤ ١٦٤،٢٨٠ ٢٠٨،٤٨٦ ١،٢٣٤ ٥٩٦ ٩٢،١٠٣ ١٢،٣٢٩ ٥٧،٨٥٦ Ain Shams ٧٥١،٨٩٨ ٢٣٠،٠٦٩ ٢٨٠،٢٥٤ ٢٣٦ ٥٩٥ ١٥٤،٣٠٧ ١٧،٤٧٥ ٦٨،٩٦٢ El Basateen ٢٨٥،٤٧٠ ٨٧،٣٤٧ ١١٨،٢٦١ ٢٢٩ ١٧٤ ٤٩،٥٨٥ ٥،٩٢٩ ٢٣،٩٤٥ El Sharabeia Mirs El ٢٦٣،٨٧٩ ٨٠،٧٥٠ ١٠٧،٦٠٨ ٤٤٧ ٢١٣ ٤٩،٢٩٥ ٣،٩٠٥ ٢١،٦٦١ Qadeema ٢٧٧،٧٦٨ ١٠٣،٤٧٥ ٩٩،٤٠٩ ١٠٤ ١٢٠ ٤٧،٧٠٦ ٥،٢٣٢ ٢١،٧٢٢ Giza Boulaq El ٥٦١،٧٦١ ٢٠٩،٢٦٦ ١٩٦،٧٢٣ ١١٠ ٣٦٣ ٩٦،٢٧٧ ٩،٣٩١ ٤٩،٦٣١ Dakrour ٤٦١،٩٦٢ ١٧٢،٠٨٨ ١٥٩،٥٣١ ٨٨ ١٢٧ ٩٣،٨٦٦ ٧،٦١٤ ٢٨،٦٤٨ El Warrak ٦٢٥،٢٦٦ ٢٣٢،٩٢٣ ٢٢٥،٨٦٩ ١٧٠ ٤٠١ ١٠٩،٦٤٢ ١٠،٣٧٤ ٤٥،٨٨٧ Imbaba ٦٠٨،٥٨٧ ٢٢٦،٧٠٨ ٢٠٦،٨٥٩ ١٩٨ ٥١٦ ١٠٠،٧٤٧ ١٦،٥٩٢ ٥٦،٩٦٧ Omraneia

153 ESIAF EGAS

Annex 5: Questionnaire

154 ESIAF EGAS Household Questionnaire

World Bank Ministry of petroleum. Egypt Egas Ecoconserve

ESIA Natural Gas Connections Project

in Greater Cairo

October -2006

155 ESIAF EGAS

Identification Governorate ………………………………………………..

District ………………………………………………..

Area ……………………………………………….. Respondent name ……………………………………………….. Gender of respondent 1………. Male 2……... Female Work ……………………………………………….. Age Date of interview _____ / _____ / 2006

Notes

١ ...... Street Type Main .1 ٢ ..……………Side ٣ …………………Lane

١ ...……………Street condition Paved .2 ٢ .……………Unpaved

١ …Street width Less than 3 meters .3 ٢ .…More than 3 meters

156 ESIAF EGAS

No Question Answers and codes Skip to ١ ..……………………………Interviewer: Does the respondent Room .201 ٢ …………………………live in an apartment, room, Apartment separate house? ٣ .……………………Separate House ٤ (.……………………Other (Specify ١ ……………………………The ownership of the dwelling Owned .202 ٢ ..……………………………Rented ٣ …………………Allowed to stay in ٤ ..………………Illegal possession ٥ (.……………………Other (Specify 203. Number of family members

204. Number of rooms

١ ……………………………The interviewer: notice the type Ceramic .205 ٢ ………………………of floor Cement tiles ٣ ……………………………Cement ٤ ………………………………Sand ٥ (…………………… Other (specify ١ .……………………………The interviewer: notice the type Bricks .206 ٢ ………………………of wall Mud bricks ٣ …………………………Platelet ٤ ………………………………Wood ٥ (…………………… Other (specify 207. Do you have access to electricity? Yes……………………….……… 1 No……………………………….. 2 208. What is the source of water? Piped water into resident………….. 1 Piped into yard /plot………………. 2 Pump……………………………….. 3 Other (specify ……………………) 4 Does not know………………………. 8 ١ ...………………Continuity of piped water No access to water .209 ٢ ……………………Not continuous ٣ ...………Sometimes not continuous ٤ ..………………………Continuous ١ .…………………What kind of facility do most Modern flush toilet .210 members of your household use? ٢ .…………Traditional with tank flush ٣ .………Traditional with bucket flush ٤ .……………Pit Toilet/ Latrine toilet ٥ ..……………………… No Facility ٦ (……………………Other (specify

EcoConServ 157 ESIAF EGAS

١ ..………………………What is the type of sewage system? Public sewer .211 ٢ ..….…………………(Vault (Bayara ٣ ..……………Pipe connected to canal ٤ ………………………Other (specify Does not know………………………. 8 ١ ..….……………………Into where does facility drain? Public sewer .212 ٢ ..….………………To be evacuated ٣ ..……………Pipe connected to canal Other (specify……………………… 4 ١ .………………………In the case of having problems with Don’t react .213 ٢ .……………sewage system, how do you react? Complain to someone ٣ ……Hire some one to maintain it ٤ ……………………Other (specify ٨ ……………………Does not know 214. Are there underground telephone cables in Yes……………………….……… 1 the area? No……………………………….. 2 ١ ……………………………The interviewer: What are most of area’s Bricks .215 ٢ ……………………dwellings made of : .Mud bricks ٣ ………………………Platelet ٤ ……………………………Wood ٥ (………………… Other (specify 216. Mobility to and fro the area Do the Yes……………………….……… 1 residents leave or come to live in the area: No……………………………….. 2 217. Are there any types of means of Yes……………………….……… 1 transportation? No……………………………….. 2 ٠ ..……What are these types? No means of transportation .218 ١ ……………………………Multiple response Buses ٢ ………………………Mini buses ٣ ..……………………Microbuses ٤ ...………………………Toc Toc ٥ ..……………………………Taxi ٦ (………………… Other (specify 219. In your opinion the means of transportation Good……………………………. 1 are good or bad? Bad…………………………….. 2 ١ .……How do you dispose of your solid waste? Garbage collector collects it .220 ٢ ...…………………………Burn it ٣ .………………Collect it in a box ٤ ..……………Throw it into street ٥ ...……………Throw it into canal ٦ (………………… Other (specify 221. Only for those who gave it to garbage collector:How much do you give for L.E. garbage collector per month? 222. In your area, Are there: Yes No

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Small factories…………..... 1 2 Workshops………………… 1 2 Lots of cars and microbuses 1 2 Quarrels among neighbors… 1 2 Markets and congestion……. 1 2 223. What type of fuel does your household Kerosene……………………. 1 mainly use for cooking LPG………………………... 2 Electricity………………..... 3 Other (specify……………… 4

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224. What are the A- kerosene B. LPG C. electricity obstacles 1 Distributing car 1 Distributing car does not 1 Expensive you face to pass get that fuel does not pass 2 Not continuous 9 Other specify 2 Expensive 9 Other specify ______3 Not available in the store ______4 LPG distributor doesn’t bring it upstairs

Other specify______9 225. Ever heard about Natural Gas project Yes……………………….……… 1 No……………………………….. 2 226. Would you like to be connected to NG? Yes……………………….……… 1 No……………………………….. 2 227. Why? If Yes ١ ……………………………Multiple responses Cheap ٢ ...……………………………Safe ٣ ……………………………Clean ٤ ..……Easier than LPG cylinders ٥ ………People are happy with it ٩ (..………………Other ( Specify If No ٢١ ..………………………Expensive What we get accustomed to is ٢٢ ……………………………better ٢٣ …………Would make me jobless ٢٤ ………Would affect my dwelling ٢٩ (..………………Other ( Specify 228. Do you agree to pay: Yes No The cylinder……………. 1 2 Fees for installation……. 1 2 ١ ...……………………………In case of having problems with the Police .229 ٢ ……………natural gas whom would you complain Natural Gas Company to? ٩ (..………………Other ( Specify 230. How can people support natural gas ______installation? (probe) 231. Who might be affected due to natural ______gas connections? (probe) ______232. What are the obstacles that might face ______the natural gas connections? (probe) ______233. Can you pay for the installation fees Yes………………………………… 1 (1500)? No………………………………… 2 234. Some people might be unable to pay the ______fees, what should be done for them? 235. Any comments ______

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Annex 6: Guideline for Focus Group Discussions

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NATURAL GAS CONNECTIONS PROJECT IN GREATER CAIRO

Focus Group Discussion Guide

1- Respondents’ background ( Age/ Education/ Marital status/ children/ respondent’s and spouse work…. Etc)

2- The classification of district and access to services (water- sewage system- electricity)

3- What are the problems they face to get gas cylinders? What about handicapped?

4- Are they willing to be connected to NG? Why?

5- What are the advantage and disadvantage of NG?

6- According to the previous experience of those who are connected to gas . How they consider NG usage?

7- Ever heard about gas problems? (probe ) what are they?

8- Who are the affected people? (probe )

9- How can they be compensated? Who is responsible for compensation?

10- What are the obstacles that might face gas connections?

11- What are the community organizations that might help gas company (Projects, people, NGOs).

12- Could you tell me about the persons who might help with gas connections and why did you choose those people?

13- How can community people support gas company? And how they can make it difficult for the company?

14- What do you think about the fees of installation?

15- Do you think people in general will be able to pay for it? For those who can’t afford it what are the solutions that might help them?

16- If you face a problem with gas connections, whom would you like to report? Why?

17- Who do you think should be responsible for managing the project? Why?

18- Would you like to add any comments about this topic

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Annex 7: Socio-economic Analysis

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Social Impact Assessment

Introduction

“Without people’s participation, any developmental project would not be done appropriately”. The local community’s involvement is the cornerstone for the success of any project. Hence, this report is greatly dependent on people’s views and suggestions, which have been attained through a survey conducted on 24 districts in Cairo and Giza to measure people’s attitudes and perception towards the project. In addition, their willingness to pay (WTP) the LE 1,500 installation fees has also been investigated to some extent.

Objective:

The main objective of the SIA is to identify: • People’s views, concerns, and fears towards the project, • Any obstacles to project implementation and the means of overcoming them. • The project affected people in general and possible eligibility for compensation.

In addition, the SIA will also consider the following sub-objectives: • Socio-economic conditions of the project affected people • Willingness to pay the installation fees and the monthly tariff

Methodology:

The study was undertaken in November 2006. The work team designed a questionnaire to collect quantitative data, which was distributed to 500 individuals. The survey was conducted in 51 areas in the 24 administrative districts. Approximately 18 - 25 questionnaires were distributed per district, with the exception of El Nozha district where 65 questionnaires were distributed, since most of type B areas have access to natural gas except for the new parts in El Nozha.

The districts were divided into three types: 91 questionnaires were applied in Type A areas, while 184 were applied in Type B areas and 225 in Type C areas. The sample was also distributed amongst the two governorates, 76.2% in Cairo governorate and 23.8% in Giza. This sample distribution is based on the number of areas in each governorate where the project will be implemented (areas in Cairo are twice more than those in Giza). People who will not be connected to natural gas through this project (10.6% ) were also investigated to indicate possible alternatives to the project. Those people were living either in narrow streets less than 3 meters or in dwelling that the ceiling was constructed from wood. Around 61.2% of the sample was composed of tenants, while 37.8% were landlords. Only 1% of the sample were allowed to stay in their dwelling, those were namely the doormen.

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Figure 1: Sample distribution by Type of Districts

18.20%

45.00%

36.80%

Type A Type B Type C

Two focus group discussions were conducted in El Sayda Zeinab and Hadaek El Maadi areas (one for a group of female sample representatives and the second for a group of male sample representatives). Focus group discussions were conducted to measure the interaction of people and how they can influence each other. The female focus group included poor married women of different age groups and educational backgrounds (some of them have attended intermediate vocational schools and the others were illiterate). The male focus group was conducted with a group of men aged between 27 – 48 years, of intermediate and higher education and either married or single. 4 in-depth interviews were made with different gas companies representatives (Egas- Town Gas-BUTAGASCO) and one interview was made with a representative from the Social Fund

Sample Structure

A. Gender

It was important to measure the perception of both males and females. Hence, the sample was distributed into two parts, 318 males and 182 females. This discrepancy was made since the target group was the head of the household, who is often the breadwinner and decision maker of the family, and in most cases, the head of the household is male. In addition, (the potential affected groups) shopkeepers and LPG cylinders’ distributors are often males.

B. Age

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About 50.0% of the interviewees were within the age group from 26 - 55. Again, that is primarily due to the survey’s focus on the heads of households. The distribution of age is almost the same among the three types of districts.

Table. 1: Age groups by district type

% % % Age Group Total Type A Type B Type C 14 - 25 6.9% 5.8% 9.1% 7.4% 26 - 35 16.7% 23.7% 13.1% 17.8% 36 - 45 31.9% 32.7% 25.6% 29.5% 46 - 55 25.0% 21.8% 29.0% 25.5% 56 - 59 5.6% 1.3% 4.5% 3.5% 60+ 13.9% 14.7% 18.8% 16.3%

C. Work Status

The SIA survey revealed that 26.2% of the interviewees are housewives, that represents about 72.0% of females, while 12.8% were working as employees and teachers. Pensioners represent about 7.8% of the total respondents. In addition, 2.0%) are unemployed which means that about 36.0% of the interviewees in the sample are unemployed. Amongst the male sample, 18.9% are working as employees. Professional and technical occupations are about 19.8% among male and 3.8% among females. Only five questionnaires were applied on gas cylinder distributors due to their refusal based on their bad perceptions towards the natural gas project as a whole.

Table.2 : Occupation

Occupation %

Employee 15.2 Professional Technical Managerial 14.0 Merchants and Shopkeepers 8.2 Skilled Laborers 6.2 Teachers 5.4 Unskilled Workers 3.0 Students 2.2 Drivers 1.8 Sales Persons 1.4 Gas Cylinder Distributors 1 Doormen 1 Other 4.6

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D. Living Conditions

Most of the areas that will be covered by the project are urban, which means that the density rates are more likely to be close to the rates in Cairo and Giza (1.1 in Cairo, 1.3 in Giza). In the districts, it is almost (1.3). The household family size is also very close to the average in Giza (4.4) and Cairo (4.1) it was found to be almost 4.5 for the two Governorates.

E. Community Facilities

Accessibility to piped water, sewage system, and electricity is high among all districts under study. As was initially predicted, this is because of the high percentage of access to these facilities in Greater Cairo in general.

Figure.2: Access to Services

99.8 100 100 99.6 100 80 60 40 20 0.2 0 0 0.4 0 Access to Access to Access to Access to Electricity Potable Water Sewage Telephones System

Yes No

F. Street Types

Main streets represent about 25.0% of the areas, while side streets is about 62.6%, while the rest of the sample are lane streets. Almost two thirds of the sample (62.2%) is paved roads, which is an indicator of the importance of quickly paving the roads after completing construction work. Around 89.6% of those streets are more than 3 meters wide, while 10.4% of the sample had narrow streets (i.e. around 1/10 of the sample may not be eligible for natural gas connection). As mentioned before, it is important to highlight the conditions of the areas that may be excluded and the people’s reactions if the project is not to extend to their areas.

G. Dwellings’ Description

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Most of the dwellings in the districts studied were constructed with bricks and cement (96.2%). Hence, they are suitable for connections in case that they are located in wide streets that will enable the construction of pipelines in them. Moreover, around, 48.8% of the floors material was found to be ceramic, while 50.6% was is made of cement tiles. In general, this is an indicator of good accommodation conditions.

Perception towards the Project

The data revealed that people in all districts of the project are very much in favor for this project (94.8%). They described in detail the advantages of natural gas. Their perceptions are based on the previous experience for other people who are now connected to natural gas.

Not surprisingly, they mentioned that natural gas is easier to use, hygienic, safe, of lower cost than LPG cylinders , and in addition is accessible around the clock. That is an important indicator of the accessibility and reliability of the natural gas project within the Egyptian community. People also noted that natural gas is also sustainable, which is an important indicator of good maintenance and management.

The survey revealed that about 5.2% of the sample were against the project because of the huge connection costs associated with it (LE 1,500). Those people were primarily from the lower income groups, in addition to the gas cylinder distributors who believed that their businesses and livelihoods would be threatened by the project.

In general, favorable feedback in the project was given prior to knowing the actual costs associated with installation. Once people knew the actual costs associated with installing the service, responses changed notably. Only 22.6% of the sample agreed to pay the costs lump sum, while 34.6% accepted to pay in installments. Most people made suggestions for facilitating the payment of the installation costs. Some of these suggestions were:

1- Reduce the installation costs

2- Undertake specific social case studies for poorer families

3- Subsidize installation fees should for poor families

4- Payment in installments

In order to mitigate the negative socio-economic impact that the high installation costs may have on many households, it will be necessary to draw-up an installment plan in order to facilitate for people to be connected to the natural gas project.

Around 23.8% of the sample were completely against the project after they knew about the fees. They were predominantly from the lower income groups. A comment made by one of the respondents was “We can hardly get by as it is, how can we afford such a huge amount of money.” However, in case of the existence of a clear plan for payment by installments, most people confirmed that they would be in favor of the project.

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Almost no one mentioned any disadvantages of the project. When the issue of solid wastes and digging, that will take place during the construction phase, was raised, most respondent replied by saying that they believe that natural gas pipes will not entail much solid waste accumulation or digging. Probability of affecting the stability of old houses and unemployment among cylinder distributor were the only disadvantages mentioned by 4.8% of the interviewees.

Obstacles

People reported many obstacles that might affect the project implementation. The most significant obstacle is clearly the installation fees (1,500 LE). Many people, especially those from the poorer social groups, refused to even consider connecting to the natural gas network due to the high fees that would ensure. “ Oh my God, What a huge amount of money”

The second obstacle which came up has to do with the New Housing Law34. Most people suggested that the property-owner pay for the installation of natural gas to his flats, since on the long-term he will be the main beneficiary.

The third obstacle noted was that the cylinders’ distributors had started rumors concerning the safety of natural gas connections. Moreover, these distributors also pointed out that the connections to natural gas would ultimately render them unemployed. Traffic Congestion

The fourth obstacle is the congestion and traffic that may be caused during the construction phase of the project. In particular, in most of the commercial areas (El Fagala) that works around the clock. There, NG construction might face some problems. In addition to the vendors who stand most ofTraffic time on Congestion the roads, causing congestion and traffic problems. They probably cause the same disturbance to NG laborers.

The fifth obstacle identified is the method of payment. Some people expressed their concerns that they may be deceived into payments by con-artists.

The sixth obstacle identified is the conflicts that may arise between the residents of the same building, in case that some accept and other refuse to have gas connections in their buildings.

The seventh one is with the apartments that contain more than a household. They would cause problems in official papers. Which one of the household would have the right to be connected to NG? this question is aroused among them.

34 That law allows people to rent a flat for only 2 years. The property-owner has the right to expel the tenant after 2 years.

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The eighth obstacle is about the infrastructure (water supplies & sewage system). In most districts, regardless to the type of area, People suffer from bad quality of infrastructure. Pipes sometimes explode and water or sanitation plug the streets

Strangely enough, natural gas workers also can represent an obstacle. In few cases gas workers insist on connecting gas pipes to a certain place in the apartment such as balcony or bedrooms without explaining the reasons for the tenants. Consequently, people refuse to be connected. One of the focus group’s participants reported that they know people who have access to NG and use LPG cylinders in the bathroom since it was not easy to connect water heater without causing damage to the bathroom’s wall.

Finally, Railways, metro, old houses, empty houses, garbage are mainly should be put into consideration during the construction. Table:

Table.3: Other Obstacles

% Old or Wooden Houses 12.2 Narrow Streets 6 Unsuitable Areas 4 Poor People Can't Pay 4 Plenty of Shops / Commercial Area 2.6 Railway or Metro Lines 2.2 Administrative Problems 1.4 People Leave Their Houses to Live in Another Place (empty houses) 1.2 Sewage Pipes or Water Pipes 1 People Refusal 1 Fires 0.8 More Than One Family Live in the Same Apartment 0.4 New Housing Law 0.4 Plenty of Empty Unused Lands 0.2 Garbage 0.2 Don't Know 3.8

Affected People and Mitigation Measures

The main group of people that will be affected by this project are the LPG cylinders ’ distributors35. They are divided into three categories. - The first one is the people who started this business by their own money. Most of them are uneducated and unemployed. Accordingly, this is their sole source of income. Their number is not known, since they don’t trust the authority because the Supply authority (Tamween) is used to pursuing them. Hence, there is no accurate or even estimated number for them. These people have clearly indicated that if this project is to go through, they should be eligible for some sort of compensation.

35 They are a group of people who take the subsidized gas cylinders from the main store for LE 2.5, and then distribute it to the houses for a cost ranging from LE 7 to LE 15.

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- The second one are those who took a loan from The Social Fund. Delivering and changing the LPG cylinders is, in most of cases, their only job “We will be beggars” . They are (328 person) in Cairo and Giza. (276) of them have already paid back the loan but 52 of them are still paying now. As a result for the project, they might not be able to pay back the loan. That means they are prone to go to prison. - The third are those who got license to distribute LPG cylinders through their private stores. They are about (2500) in Egypt. No available number for them in Cairo and Giza. The only number available is 21 persons who took loan from the Social Fund - How can they be compensated? The first category can’t be compensated. Since, there is no information about them. In addition, they feel suspicious towards any potential process to collect data about them. They also can distribute the LPG cylinders in else where such as the squatters. They have also the ability to sell the cylinders and start another business. They used to do the previous procedures in case of having difficulty with cylinders’ distributing.

For the second category, (Those who took loans from the Social Fund) a listing will be done for them with the help of the Social Fund. Luckily the people of the Social Fund feel responsible for this group. Even those who paid back the loan. They can be rehabilitated and trained to work in natural gas projects or other projects or helping them with the cooperation of the Social Fund to start another business. The capital sum that will help them to start a new business will be provided by selling the cylinders. The Social Fund also will be responsible for facilitating the administrative license and any other needed permissions. In fact, most of this group will continue distributing in another districts as they consider cylinder distributing as ( Amine of Gold) the squatters are the most suitable areas for them to continue distributing in.

The third category are in the most complicated situation, as they have a shop in the areas that will be connected to natural gas. In addition The only work they used to do is LPG distributing. Actually, they have the right to distribute in another area. So they can continue distributing or they can sell the cylinders and start a new business. That what some of them have done before.

The second major groups of affected people are the shopkeepers and vendors, since their own livelihoods and sources of income may also be affected by the digging and accumulation of solid wastes. The shopkeepers reported that during the construction phase, their businesses may be disrupted. Whereas, shopkeepers in category A districts will not be affected, shopkeepers in category B and C districts noted that they are accustomed to such disturbances. Thus, this group of affected people has not identified the need for compensation since they will only be slightly affected.

The third groups that will be affected are the door attendants. Although they do currently benefit from delivering the LPG cylinders to flats and earning around LE 2 (in addition to its actual price) per cylinder, they do not perceive natural gas as a serious threat to their livelihoods since they provide other different services to the tenants for which they receive tips.

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The forth group of affected people are the people with different allergies, which may be affected by the dust during the construction phase or from any possible gas emissions.

The fifth group of affected people are the household heads / breadwinners that will have to pay for the installation costs and monthly consumption. In particular among poor people. A new survey will be done to investigate how they can be helped.

The sixth group is the employees and workers in LPG cylinders factories ( workers, employees, drivers, governmental gas stores’ workers, governmental LPG cylinders distributor. They might be unemployed. A professional training will be done for them to rehabilitate them in order to be capable of involving in alternative types of work . This training will be provided by BUTAGASCO.

The seventh group are microbuses drivers. Because of the digging that might cause damage to their buses. In addition, their profits will be reduced due to the congestion and traffic jam.

Any direct or indirect effect on the infrastructure might affect people. In particular, in case of affecting water pipes or sewage system. In some districts people reported that in a case of any digging potable water is mixed with sewage. Therefore water smells terrible. A good causations should be taken into consideration.

People who will be connected to NG might be affected in case of any drilling in the walls for gas pipes, in particular if the walls are covered with ceramic. They reported that the workers should be trained on how to drill without damaging the walls. Some of those people can’t afford to pay for the installation fees beside repairing the damaged walls.

Other concerns included the affect that the digging may have on the stability of old houses and structures. People are worried so much about their old houses, especially in old districts such as El Sharabeia and El Waily. Their houses might be collapsed. So, an emergency housing plan should be put into consideration with the help of the governmental sector or the Ministry of housing.

Figure. 3: Affected Groups

60% 52.8%

50% 40%

30%

20%

5.0% 3.5% 10% 3.2% 1.5% 1.7%

0% Gas Cylinder Doormen Poor People Shopkeepers people in old Other Distributors houses EcoConServ 172 ESIAF EGAS

Table. 4: Categories of affecting groups and their compensation

Highly Partially Slightly Expecting

affected Affected Affected compensation Private LPG cylinders’ distributors × × LPG cylinders’ Stores Workers × × Private LPG stores owners × Doormen × Allergic People × Old houses/ Infrastructure × × Children who play with gas pipes × Poor People × × Microbus drivers × Shops × Injuries ×

Community Participation

According to sample responses, community participation in developmental projects is quite limited in Egypt, in particular in such projects. Many people noted that their voices are not heard and that they can not raise any of their concerns through any channels.

Some people suggested that the only channel through which they can be heard may be through reporting to the People’s Assembly or to the Gas Company executing the project, and that would be in case of any trouble with the connection itself. In one district (El Sayda Zeinab) they mentioned that the members of people’s Assembly are so energetic and active people. In addition, they used to serve people and fulfill people’s needs. Such persons can provide any possible help to the community services providers, for example gas company.

According to what interviewees mentioned, NGOs play a limited role in such projects since they are mostly concerned with other social activities such as supporting and providing assistance to orphanages, the poor, and health care and religious activities. The only thing they can provide is raising people’s awareness. In addition, the big NGOs might be able to provide loans for poor people to pay the fees of installation. This idea should be investigated during socioeconomic study. The Integrated Care Society NGO was willing to provide awareness raising programs through different branches around Cairo. However, they were unwilling to provide loans. They also might provide help in public relation issues.

Concerning people’s participation, they accept to participate in construction by supporting the workers (provide food or tea) and no more. As well as, reporting any damage that might affect the NG pipes to the members of People’s Assembly or to the police and fire distinguish department. Some of them reported that they voluntarily

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As an indicator of people’s participation, a question about how they react in case of having a problem with sewage pipes. (52.4%) of the interviewees reported that they go and bring some one to repair the pipes. That means they are active and their assistance is probable.

Local Community Councils are responsible also for the project in terms of providing approval to the project and choosing the most appropriate routes, in addition to paving the roads after construction. As well as providing land for PRS for free.

Willingness to Pay (WTP)

Most of the people interviewed (86.6%) agreed to trade-in the LPG cylinders , as an alternative for paying in cash. while some of them (4%) preferred to keep them and pay money instead. That’s due to paying money and some of them were in need for the cylinder (poor districts) to give it to their siblings.

Concerning paying money for the installation. ( 41%) of the interviewees agreed to pay money either cash under one condition that the total sum is no more than 750 L.E. or paying monthly installments vary from 30 : 100 L.E. Whereas (55.0%) of the respondents refused to pay money at all

Type A districts accepted to pay for the installation costs (LE 1,500) either by cash or by installments. Type B as well accepted to pay cash and by installments. However, 50% of Type C either refused to pay or refused to be connected to the network altogether, while the remaining 50% accepted payment by installment.

Figure. 4:Acceptance to Pay

37.6 40 34.6

35 30 22.6 25

% 20

15

10 2.8 5

0 Yes No Yes, but By installment reduce money

Reducing the amount of money is an essential need for poor people. Since most of them can hardly get by their small wages they got. Not few of them are pensioners or widow so their salaries are too small (100 : 250 L.E.).

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Alternatives to the Project

There are no foreseen alternatives to the Natural Gas Connections Project. The only alternative is to continue using the LPG cylinders , since kerosene is no longer an option only 3 persons among the interviewee use kerosene, whereas 499 use LPG cylinders and no one use electricity because it is too expensive. Hence, the only alternative for the project is LPG cylinders . However, people are not in favor of LPG cylinders any more for many reasons: 1- Abusive treatment of gas cylinder distributors 2- People also feel insecure when any of gas cylinder distributors gets into the house. 3- Insects that filled the bottom of the cylinders. 4- Most of time the cylinder is half full, because the distributors in some cases give the cylinder to small restaurants to use. Then, they give it to customers half full. 5- During feasts and occasions they raise the cost of the cylinder from 7L.E to 12L.E

Monitoring

As a part of any project important component, monitoring is considered the cornerstone of such projects. All people interviewed were in favor of gas company to monitor the project. (They did not know the name). They preferred the Egyptian company more than foreign one. People also have many suggestions for good monitoring. They are as follows:

1- One of the new components needed (according to sample interviewed) is a district natural gas unit. It should be constructed in each district to follow up any NG problems that might occur. That unit consists of : a. An engineer b. Unskilled workers c. Gas consumption’s register d. Person responsible for raising awareness in the community about the best way to economize NG consumption. In addition, tell people what to do in case of fire e. Accountant to be able to pay the consumption fees f. Social component that will be responsible for investigating the families that can’t afford to pay the fees. Trying to help them to find solution for fees problems. This person will work only during construction phase. After construction, he might be responsible for receiving complaints. The gas company now has a parallel system that offers most of the previous services. In addition

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Annex 8: Letter from Giza Governorate allocating disposal site of construction waste

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Annex 9: First Public Consultation Report

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Minutes of Meeting First Hearing and Consultation Session on

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Of Greater Cairo Natural Gas Supply Project Dated Saturday 25/11/2006, 10:00 a.m. Ramsis Hilton Hotel-Cairo

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study

*Comment by Town Gas Co.

-Concerning the Difference Between In-Town Network and the National Network: The National Network originates from western, eastern, or northern wells, connecting all fields nationwide under a national network whose terminal must be located at the at a specific distance of city borderlines. At the city entry/portal, a pressure reduction station must be installed because the national network pressure exceeds 30 bar (ranges from 30 to 70), and we need to reduce it from 7 to 4 to 100m bar.

These are the pressures that allow us to operate within the city. That is, operation starts from the reduction station to the household(s). The selected location of the station must be in the nearest place to the National Network.

-The price of traditional (butagas) cylinder is subsidized, beacuse its original price is LE 35.0. There is no possibility to reduce this price, because the government needs to quit using traditional (butagas) cylinders and subsequently, will exclude the subsidy.

-The issue of granting of favors is totally out of the question, either in cash or in kind favors.

-Several follow-up methods exist, including the hotline, the training courses, handouts, training for all staff and/or administrators, and periodical maintenance.

-Full coordination/cooperation is ensured between the company and the fire-fighting authorities in order to provide quality services. The company itself provides the most rapid response service as company vehicles are present in the area, and in cases of emergency, company vehicles secure the area even before the arrival of fire-fighting vehicles.

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Open Discussions

*Mr. Gamal Saleh, Director of Environmental Department, Cairo Governorate Representative

-The Project serves the environment, especially industrial facilities and bakeries which use kerosene.

-On the social plane, the study involved the Parliament /People’s Assembly (PA) members, and did not involve the members of the local people’s councils in spite of their important decision-making role in collaboration with the Governorate’s executive board.

-The study did not cover areas that will not be served, and did not tackle the consequent impacts on this category, either positively or negatively, (such as the impact on the price of the traditional butagas cylinder and methods of distribution).

-The rate of fire eruption incidents is “zero” because the project was initiated in class/sophisticated and semi-sophisticated areas. However, for the popular areas and squatters, fires will not be zero, due to the behavior/attitude of people in these areas, where the gas pipelines may be exposed to leakage in case of repairing a water pipeline for example.

-The costs amounting to LE 1,500 is exaggerative, and even if it is a rational payable sum, 80% of people still will not be able to pay, due to their other commitments such as water and electricity bills.

-Since this project is serving and protecting the environment, and is also serving the Ministry of Petroleum in selling gas, therefore, the Ministries of Environment and Petroleum must jointly bear 80% of these costs, while the consumers can bear the remaining 20% of costs.

*Response by the Holding Company

These good ideas shall be taken into consideration.

*Dr Mustafa El-Sayed Ali- National Center for Researches and concerned member of the environmental aspect of the study

-Concerning the negative impacts of the project, actually served people should have been consulted (for example, personally, I had the gas service 5 years ago and I didn’t have any problem absolutely to date, and in case anything happens I contact the company, whose delegate arrives within minutes).

-No one asked to be granted any favors (commission?) during the installation period.

-Costs will be the sole and most important problem.

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-Concerning the negative environmental impacts: on the initiation of the earliest project, some errors occurred in that first experience, but now, we have acquired high professional experience and operation is currently much better.

-Traffic jams will not be more than (2) hours. The problem was the delayed paving of streets pending the finished execution/installation in the whole area.

-Thus, the negative impacts are almost absent because what really matters is the duration of such impact(s), which is a very limited period either in terms of noise and air pollution because we are complying with the legal standards.

-Costs will be the highest negative impact because it will affect the citizen’s approval.

-As for the distributors (workers) of butagas cylinders, their problems can be solved by appointing them at the Ministry of Petroleum similar to new graduates who were appointed for meter reading and bill collection. A surcharge of LE 1.75 (one Egyptian pound, seventy-five piasters) has been added to the bill.

-Concerning the fire eruption incidents, gas is more safe because as soon as a leakage notification is made, the company’s delegates arrive at the incident location within less than 30 minutes, which is quicker than the ambulance and fire fighting service(s).

-Concerning the gas meter reading staff and /or collectors, they are more trusted and respectful than traditional cylinder distributors/workers.

-Another point that must be taken into consideration during the installation process, which is the social dimension (such as avoiding meter installations in the balconies, which will force the meter reading employee to enter the apartment/residential unit).

*Response by Ms. Zeinab Hafez

-Concerning areas deprived from service, these were covered in the study, and some of them expected that the price of the gas cylinder would increase to compensate for losses, while some others saw that it would decrease due to the reduced demand on traditional butagas cylinders.

-As for the zero fire eruption rates, phase one of the project did not only cover high class/sophisticated areas, but included also some popular areas.

-Concerning the proposed idea that the Ministry bears 80% of costs, the study has discussed the payment alternatives that included this concept. Other discussed alternatives recommended that the Ministry of Petroleum might allocate the subsidies of butagas cylinders to the poor families.

-As for the renowned Egyptian hospitality (favors), there are relevant indications such as dealing with the electricity and sanitary drainage workers.

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-Concerning the traffic jams, the project is implemented under the auspices of the World Bank which has set up specific permissible criteria either in terms of traffic, street paving or potential injuries.

-As for the Local People’s councils, the answers to this question were limited only to the NGOs, and PA, while the local councils were not mentioned, and this point will be highlighted in the remaining parts of the study.

*Response by Mr. Mohamed Hassan

-Although the local people’s councils were not mentioned in the questionnaire, yet one citizen referred to these councils during the collective discussion session. Once mentioned, the rest of the attendees protested, and said that the local council members are “thieves”. However, this point shall be taken into consideration during the study.

*Response by Mr. Gamal Saleh, Director of Environmental Department, Cairo Governorate Representative

-Mr. Saleh objected to describing the local council members as “thieves”. He said that it is essential to study their roles and consult them regardless of being thieves or not, because on the execution of the project, it is obligatory to obtain approval of the Governorate, which in turn, will refer the project to the local council for approval.

*Mohamed Hassan

-Objection raised by Mr. Mohamed Hassan on the proposed appointing of the butagas cylinder distributors at the Ministry of Petroleum, because more than 50% of them are underage and uneducated, adding that other alternatives should be studied for them.

*Dr. Mohamed Ezzedin El-Ra’ie. Alexandria University Professor, and supervisor of the National Network for Air Pollution in Northern Delta and Alexandria

-Admonition: since this is a hearing session, some citizens and local council members should have been invited to hear their views.

-The study is integrated and effective despite some deficiencies:

1-The strategic side effects must be considered throughout 20 years, similar to the study on the dangers of Radon gas on individuals especially housewives, since there must be a filter installed at origin to get rid of this gas, and thus relevant baseline studies must be obtained.

2-The dangers resulting from the leakage of methane gas must be studied, as well as considering the necessity of installing high quality monitoring devices.

3-Concerning execution: there is efficient expertise, but we lack the required awareness targeted to the contractors who assume the execution processes.

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*Response by the Holding Company:

- These recommendations shall be taken into consideration.

*Response by Eng. Seif

-The local people’s councils are already participating with us in all projects.

-Gas supply lines were connected in most areas, but there are houses that do not comply with the specific standards for installations.

-Concerning deprived areas: this issue shall be studied with the Governorate to find a suitable solution either in terms of finding an energy alternative or upgrading these areas.

-Concerning Radon gas: the natural gas is fully processed, and consequently there is no Radon or sulfur.

-Concerning Methane gas: this depends on adding an odor to detect leakage, and there are also maintenance and follow up works, as well as a 24-hour emergency service.

-As for the execution processes: highly experienced contractors are accurately selected and well trained.

*Mahmoud Abdel-Hafeez: Engineering Professor

-He said that since the government is subsidizing natural gas for consumers worth a sum ranging from LE 1.500 to LE 4.500, the government must also subsidize all other alternatives such as the solar energy. He referred to the fact that there are no solar heaters installed on house roofs in Egypt although all the relevant conditions are available for this potentiality.

-The study must not be limited only to kerosene, butagas, and natural gas, but must tackle also other available alternatives.

*Response by the Holding Company

-The study addresses extending the natural gas supply service and not providing gas alternatives.

******** *Youssri Abdel-Hamid, Head of Environment Dept., Giza Governorate:

-Mr Youssri said that it would have been necessary to study the economic impacts beside the social and environmental impacts, and study also the average income per

EcoConServ 183 ESIAF EGAS capita, since there are many poor districts that cannot pay for these costs. He said that the economic study must include the investment costs of the project to consider the possibility of reducing this amount.

*Response by Dr. Tarek Geneina

-The study is related to the social and environmental impacts and is not a feasibility study. He added that the socioeconomic dimensions would be presented in the study.

*Dr Hany Wael: Environment Director at Casio Co.

-The question was about the adopted methodology and the determined environmental aspect for all the areas in Cairo and Alexandria, especially that what is presented herein did not refer to wastes and groundwater.

*Response by Dr. Mohamed Qandil

-There are two aspects for the hazardous wastes and the polluted groundwater, which are discharged either in wastewater system or in drains.

-The project activities are divided into environmental prospects, and we study each activity and its impact either on air or groundwater. These elements shall be assembled to identify the most important element which must be analyzed in depth.

*Response of the Holding Company:

-The gas is taken from the national network to enter into sealed pipelines, and therefore there is no place for pollution either in water or soil.

*Mr. Mohamed Zaki: Dar El-Orman Charity Association -NGOs are classified into educational associations, project oriented organizations dealing with tasks such as passenger transportation, or charity societies. It is difficult for the charity societies to interfere in an issue such natural gas supply connection(s) to residential units because there are more difficult problems to address such as marriage and education.

-Why is the natural gas supply connection(s) delayed although it is a safe type of energy?

-It would be preferable for gas cylinder distributors/workers to work with the gas companies because it is suitable for them to do so. -Recommended connections of the gas supply service at the expense of any new city in a similar manner to power connections. The landlord shall pay the fees during construction phase.

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-Costs may be estimated at LE 500 and shall be carried over onto the bill, and to be recovered by payable installments.

*Abla Amer, Egyptian Red Crescent Organization in Zenhom district, Cairo

-Agreed with Mr. Zaki in the fact that the NGOs cannot play a financial role in connecting the service to households, but can rather play its role in providing awareness for citizens on means of gas usage. *Mr. Ashraf El-Alfy, General Manager of Quality Control, EGAS Co.

1-The study requires establishing a website.

2-The traffic jams during execution is difficult to control.

3-During operation how can we safely dispose of the barrels of materials used in adding odors, and whether these barrels are treated by being buried, by applying a chemical process, or through the modern ISO tanks?

*Response by the Holding Company -The study is accessible on the website of EGAS Co. -As for disposal of barrels, cooperation is proceeding with EEAA and the authorities concerned with hazardous wastes to find a solution for this problem. In principle, an agreement has been reached with gas companies to refill the emptied barrels so that there would be no wastes.

*Eng. Yehia Dabbous, General Manager for Transport, EGAS Co. -The environmental aspects are unimportant for 80% of the Egyptian people because the audio-visual pollution exists. What really matters is to discuss the economic aspect and the required costs worth LE 1,500.

*Chemist Mohamed Ibrahim, Safety Engineer at EGAS Co.

-The costs of extending the gas supply service to any residential unit during execution of the project differ from same costs after the execution phase, and may be doubled.

*Response by Eng. Seif

-During phase one of the project, the government was burdened with full costs, and all the money collected was only for meter insurance and the price of the old butagas cylinders. Now the new decision is that during execution, the client shares by a sum of LE 1,500 of the total costs estimated at LE 4.500. After the works are concluded in the area and moving to another area, the transport costs of staff to and from the area

EcoConServ 185 ESIAF EGAS worth LE 300 will be added, noting that the company remains in each area after installation for almost one year.

***********

*Mahmoud El-Naggar: Engineer at the General Organization for Petroleum

-Environmental impact assessment is an element of the economic feasibility study of any project because the costs of removing the environmental impacts are highly expensive due to many losses incurred.

-Concerning the safety issue, the training of contractors is mentioned, and the agreement with the district authorities, the Governorate and the Traffic authorities, is also mentioned. However, the most important element was not mentioned, that is the “user”, and means of providing awareness to users through mass media on the proper means of using the service to avoid any adverse impact on the gas reserve.

*Response by the Holding Company:

-The household (domestic) sector consumes only 2% of the available gas, and thus gas connections to all residents will not affect the available reserve. The affected sector will be the electricity sector because it consumes 61%, and thus there is an ongoing trend to study establishment of nuclear energy stations as an alternative to power stations to provide gas.

*Response Mahmoud El-Naggar

-Awareness campaigns are required for citizens and security forces to avoid fire eruption.

-Safety precautions during execution and welding must be considered.

*Response by the Holding Company:

-Gas existed in Egypt 27 years ago, which means that great expertise was gained and highly efficient competencies are available.

-Gas does not cause death and is safe unlike butagas cylinders.

-The government partially imports benzene, sular, and butagas unlike gas which is exported, and this surely has a positive impact on the national economy.

-Gas industry provides many job opportunities.

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-Gas saves a big part of the subsidies directed to butagas and sular.

********************

*Assistant General Manager, Qalioubia Governorate, Egypt GAS Co.

-There is cooperation on the part of the local councils, but it has weak capacities in comparison to the members of the PA.

-Gas supply connections were extended in many popular areas, without the occurrence of any problems or fire incidents.

-The costs worth LE 1,500 are high, but the installment system can be applied although it is unfeasible sometimes such as in the case of the inheritors (of the residential units). -Concerning the fact that the meter is sometimes installed in the balcony, this is because the flat/apartment has no place else in the kitchen or the skylight.

*Response by the Holding Company:

-If the government had the financial capability to finance this project, we would not have resorted to the world Bank, especially as the new phase covers 2 million clients.

-Banks refuse to fund the project due to its high budgets (in billions), in addition to the high bank interests, but the World Bank stipulates lower interests and grants longer periods of grace.

*Khaled Gamal: Ministry of State for Development

-According to the plan, the targeted connections of gas supply service shall cover six (6) million consumers up to the year 2012. This means that there is a specific target, and despite the favorable or unfavorable routes of discussion, there is a determined strategic target that is related to the state policies.

*Response by the Holding Company:

-The goal of the study is to cover all aspects of work in order to improve service, especially as the study demonstrated that 95% of the sampled respondents have approved to install the gas service and to pay the required amount of money.

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ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﺎدة اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮﻳﻦ ﺕﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺕﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺎهﺮة اﻟﻜﺒﺮى ﻳﻮم اﻟﺴﺒﺖ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻖ ٢٥/١١/٢٠٠٦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺵﺮة ﺻﺒﺎﺡﺎ ﺏﻔﻨــﺪق رﻡﺴﻴﺲ هﻴﻠﺘﻮن – اﻟﻘــﺎهﺮة

م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ١ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ ﻓﺎروق ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ٥٢٥٦٤٥٢

٢ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢١٠٩١٧٧٥ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺷﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٣٠ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺡﻠﻮان اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ٣ ك./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ٠١٢١١٨٣٢٠٨ وزارة اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٤ إﻳﻤﺎن ﺷﺎهﻴﻦ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٠١٢٣٣١٩٠٤٥

٥ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻥﺒﻴﻞ ﺏﺸﺮ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٠١٠١٥٠٣٤٣٦

٦ م./ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﺟﻤﺎل وزارة اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ٣٢ ش ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺥﻴﺮي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٢٢٤٧٨٢٨٨

٧ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻃﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ Environics ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٦ ش اﻟﺪﻗﻲ ٠١٠١٤٢٤٤٦٠

٨ د./ ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﺡﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﺥﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ آﻮرﻥﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ٠١٠٦٨٣٩٥٠٥

٩ د./ ﻋﻤﺎد اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﺮﺏﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎب واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻹدارة زهﺮاء اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٥١٦١٥١٩ ٥١٦٢٩٦١

١٠ زﻳﻨﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ أول ﺡﺪاﺉﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٠١٢٩٣٨٨٠٧٧

١١ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺴﻦ ﺡﺴﻨﻲ ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺏﺤﻮث اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﺪاﻥﻲ ﺡﺪاﺉﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٠١٢٢٥٧٧٦٧٠

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م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ١٢ د./ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ ﺹﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮ ﺡﺪاﺉﻖ ﺡﻠﻮان ٠١٢٢٧٣٩٤٩٢

١٣ د. إﺱﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة أﺱﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ - ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ٠١٠١٥٢٢٦٢١ ٣٤٥٠٢٠٠ ١٤ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺱﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺪراﺱﺎت ١٦٣ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻹﺱﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ ٠١٢٣١٠٩٠٥١ ا.د./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺰ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ (ﺱﺎﺏﻘﺎ) ٠٢٨٥٠٦٨٧٨ ١٥ ا.د./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﻴﻆ آﻠﻴﺔ هﻨﺪﺱﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻳﺔ أﺱﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٢٨٧٠٦٤١

١٦ هﺒﺔ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻥﺼﺎر آﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد واﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺱﻴﺔ وآﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ٩ ﺷﺎرع اﻟﺠﻬﺎد ٠١٢٢١٨٣٨٧٦ ٥٧٣٢٩٣٣

١٧ ا.د./ ﻣﻴﺸﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر أﺱﺘﺎذ ﺏﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﺪن

١٨ د./ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٥٦٩٩٠٩٢ أآﺎدﻳﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ١٩ رﻣﺰي آﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮج ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٤٦ ش ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺏﻦ ﻋﻔﺎن ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ٠١٢٢٥٩٨١٩٠

٢٠ ﺱﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﺎوي ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺏﺤﻮث اﻟﺒﺘﺮول أﺱﺘﺎذ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺏﺤﻮث اﻟﺒﺘﺮول – ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٢٧٣٦٣٤٩

٢١ د./ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺷﺌﻮن ﺏﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻬﻀﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﺱﻄﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻢ ٠١٠٥١٤٨٦٠٧ ٢٢ ﻳﺴﺮى ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ دﻳﻮان ﻋﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٧٤٨٢٨٥٢

٢٣ ك./ هﺪى ﻣﺤﻤﺪ إﺱﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺷﺌﻮن ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻤﺎرات اﻟﻀﺒﺎط أﻣﺎم دﻳﻮان اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ٠١٠٤٢٤٤٤٣٦

٢٤ ﺱﻌﺎد ﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺏﻴﺌﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﺏﻴﺔ - ﺟﻴﺰة ٥٦١٣١٤٨

٢٥ ﺟﻤﺎل اﺡﻤﺪ ﺹﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺷﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻴﺪان ﻋﺎﺏﺪﻳﻦ ٠١٠٥٢٢٦٧٠٦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ٢٦ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺠﻨﺪي آﺒﻴﺮ ﺏﺎﺡﺜﻴﻦ ٥٣٢١٦٨٠

EcoConServ 189 ESIAF EGAS

م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ٢٧ ﻣﻨﺎل ﺱﺮور ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻷﻣﺔ ﺹﺤﻔﻴﺔ ١٧٣ ش اﻟﻬﺮم ٣٨٣٩٥٠٩

٢٨ زﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﺏﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة أﺥﺒﺎر اﻟﻐﺪ ﺹﺤﻔﻲ ٤٢ ﺷﺎرع رﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱﻴﺔ ٢٣٧٤٨٦٨

٢٩ أﻣﺎﻥﻲ ﺱﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺟﺮﻳﺪة وﻃﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺮرة ٢٧ ش ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻖ ﺙﺮوت ٠١٢٥٣٢٧٠٥٢

٣٠ ﻣﺮوة ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ Marketer EIF ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٤٠٩٤٧٠٢ ٣١ ٤٥٤٠٣٩١ ا.د./ آﻤﺎل ودﻳﻊ ﺥﻠﻴﻞ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ١٥ ﺷﺎرع اﻟﻘﺒﺔ روآﺴﻲ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث ٠١٠١٤٣٠٦١٥ ٣٢ د./ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ أﺱﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻗﻲ ٠١٢٧٠١١٤٨٩ ٣٣ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ٢٥ ش اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﻤﺮﺹﻮد ٠١٢٢٦٠٩٣٠٢ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻃﻪ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ

٣٤ زﻳﻨﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ١٦ ش ﻥﺠﻢ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ٣٩٥٢١٠٦

٣٥ ﻋﺎﻃﻒ آﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰﻳﺔ أﺱﺘﺎذ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺨﻴﺮﻳﺔ ٠١٢٣٣٨٠٦٣٣ ٣٦ ﻣﺪرب آﻤﺒﻴﻮﺕﺮ اﻟﺪﻗﻲ – ﺷﺎرع ﻣﺼﺪق ٣٣٥٨٤٤١ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﻤﺎرة ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ أهﺎﻟﻲ ذوي اﻻﺡﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ٣٧ ﻓﻴﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﺎهﺮ ﺡﺒﻴﺐ ٢٣٥٧٥٥٨ ٣٨ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٦٣٩٧٧٣٠ د./ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﻴﺴﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٢٠ ش ﺱﻠﻴﻢ ٠١٢٣٤٤٢٣٢٤ ٣٩ ا./ ﻥﻌﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٦٣٩٧٧٣٠ ٤٠ ﻣﺪﻳﺮة اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ﺏﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻼل اﻷﺡﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ٠١٠١٥٨٧٨٧٥ ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻼل اﻷﺡﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﻬﻼل اﻷﺡﻤﺮ ٤١ ﻥﺎدﻳﺔ آﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮس ﻣﺪﻳﺮة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ١٠ ﺡﻤﻮد ﺥﺎﻃﺮ - ﺡﻠﻮان ٠١٠٥٣٩٦٣٩٠ ٥٥٤٩٦٣٦

EcoConServ 190 ESIAF EGAS

م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ٤٢ واﺉﻞ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻜﺎوي ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت ٤٢ ﺕﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ دراز ﻣﻊ اﻟﺜﻮرة ارض ٠١٠٦٨٢٤٧٧٦ ٤١٧٩٨٢٢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻟﻒ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ٤٣ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺱﻒ ﺡﺴﻦ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻥﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت

٤٤ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﺤﻤﺪ زآﻲ دار اﻷورﻣﺎن ﻟﻸﻳﺘﺎم ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﻬﺮم ٠١٢٣٥٥٦٥٤٨

٤٥ ﻏﺎدة ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻷﺏﺤﺎث واﻟﺪراﺱﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ وﺡﺪة ﺕﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻷﺱﺮة اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ واﻹﺡﺼﺎء ٠١٠٦٦٥٠٠٧٨ ٤٠٢٤٣٩٣

٤٦ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻐﻨﻲ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري اﺱﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٣٨٥٢٩٤٤ ٤٧ آﻴﻤﺎﺉﻲ ٤٠٥١٩١٩ إﺱﺮاء ﻋﻠﻲ

٤٨ أﺱﻤﺎء ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺹﺒﺤﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ Egypt International Fairs ١٧ ﻋﻤﺎرات اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ٤٩ ﻟﻴﻠﻴﺎن إﻣﻴﻞ آﺎﻣﻞ Marketer

٥٠ ﺱﻤﺮ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﺱﻌﺪ Marketer

٥١ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ رﺷﺎد اﻟﻤﺆﺱﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي ١٠٦ ش اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺪور ٤ ﺷﻘﺔ ١٦ - اﻟﺪﻗﻲ ٠١٢٧٩٠٧١٢٥ ٧٤٩٥٣٧٤

٥٢ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ اﺡﻤﺪ ﺹﺎﺡﺐ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺹﺎﺡﺐ ﺷﺮآﺔ ٠١٠٩٦٢٤٣١٠

٥٣ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺪوب ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻨﺪوب ﻣﺒﻴﻌﺎت

٥٤ م./ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﺷﻤﺮوخ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺱﻤﺪة رﺉﻴﺲ وردﻳﺔ ١٧ ﺷﺎرع ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺮج اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٠١٢٤٩٩٦٩٧٩ ٥٥ م./ أﺱﺎﻣﺔ ﻥﻮر اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺏﺎﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ٢٧٦٦٣٢٨ وزارة اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ١ ش اﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﺮ – ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٥٦ اﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ اﺡﻤﺪ آﻮارﺷﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ٠١٢٣٩٨٤٦٦١ ٥٧ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﺎر هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٧٣٣٧٢١٧

EcoConServ 191 ESIAF EGAS

م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ٥٨ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺏﻮ اﻟﺤﺎرث رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٣٨ ش ﺡﺎﻓﻆ ﺏﺪوي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٢٤٣١٤٤٧٦ ٥٩ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﻠﻞ ﺱﻨﺎري رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ٠١٢٣٦٢١١٢٦ ٦٠ م./ ﺱﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٦١ ﻋﻠﻴﺎء ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ٤٠٥٥٨٠٦ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٦ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ٦٢ م./ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻥﺎﺉﺐ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ٦٣ م./ ﻥﺎدﻳﺔ ﺥﻄﺎب إﻳﺠﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٦٤ د./ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﺏﻨﺪاري إﻳﺠﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٢٢٤٧٠٤٠٣ ٦٥ م./ اﺷﺮف اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٢٦٤٢٨٣٣ ٦٦ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٠٣٥٣٢٩٥٩ ٦٧ م./ وﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٢٧٥٦٠٢٨ ٦٨ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٢٧٣٢٦٤٢٤ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٦ ٦٩ أﻳﻤﻦ ﺟﺎهﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٢٣٣٧٥٩٤١ ٧٠ اﺡﻤﺪ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺰﻳﺰ إﻳﺠﺎس ﻣﺤﺎﺱﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٠١٧٩٨٣١٢ ٧١ م./ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻓﺮج ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٦٦٦٩٠٩٧ ٧٢ ﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ رﺏﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﺪراﺱﺎت ٢٦٤٢٩٤١ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ٧٣ ك./ ﻥﺮﻣﻴﻦ ﻥﻴﺒﻞ آﺮم اﷲ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ ٢٦٤٢٥٥٣ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٧٤ وﺱﺎم إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ٧٥ رﺿﻮى ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺎﻣﺪ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٧٦ اﺷﺮف ﻋﺎﺷﻮر ٧٧ هﺒﺔ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ٧٨ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٧٩ اﺡﻤﺪ ﺱﻴﺪ ﺱﻼﻣﺔ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ٨٠ راﻥﺪا اﻟﺨﻴﺎط ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٨١ ك./ ﺱﺎﻣﺢ ﺱﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮازق ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠٦٢٠٩٩٠ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٥

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م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ٨٢ م./ ﻳﺎﺱﺮ ﻓﺆاد ﺏﻬﻨﺲ دﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٢٦٤٢٧٦٦ ٨٣ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ/ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ٠١٠٦٠٢٠٩٩٠ ٨٤ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٨٥ ﺟﺎﺏﺮ ﺡﻤﺪ ﺟﺎﺏﺮ آﺎﺕﺐ ﺱﻜﺮﺕﺎرﻳﺔ ٠١٠٢٤١١١١٧ ٨٦ رﺷﺎ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٢٦٤٢٥٣٦ ٨٧ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٤٠٥٤١٤٠ اﻟﺴﻌﺪﻥﻲ اﻳﺠﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٨٨ إﺱﻼم ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ ﺥﻠﻴﻞ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ٠١٠٢٣٤٦٣٢٣ ٨٩ م./ هﺸﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻳﻮﺱﻒ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٧٤٨١٤٩٦ ٩٠ دﻋﺎء ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﻨﺪوﺱﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ ٩١ هﺎﻥﻲ آﻤﺎل واﻟﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠١٦٦٠٧٩٥ ٩٢ م./ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬي اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺷﺎرع اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻦ – اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ٠١٠٦٠٧٢٢٩١ ﺟﺎﺱﻜﻮ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ٩٣ ك./ ﺏﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺪﻳﺐ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ﺱﻼﻣﺔ ٦١٨٧٦٢١ وﺹﺤﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﻴﺔ ٩٤ م./ هﺸﺎم ﻳﺤﻴﻰ اﻷﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠١٧٥٧٨٧٩ ٩٥ م./ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻦ رأﻓﺖ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ٣٠ ش اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺸﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻇﺔ ٠١٠٩٢٠١٩٩٨ ﻏﺎز ﻣﺼﺮ ٩٦ ﺱﻌﻴﺪ ﺹﺎﻟﺢ رﺏﻴﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٠١٧٥٧٨٥٧ ٩٧ ﻥﺒﻴﻞ اﺡﻤﺪ زﻏﻠﻮل ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ١ ﺷﺎرع ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ - اﻟﻨﺰهﺔ ٠١٠٣٤٠٨٧٨٨ ٢٢٣٤٩٤٣ ٩٨ م./ ﺱﻴﻒ اﻹﺱﻼم ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٠٩ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ٩٩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻮاد ﻋﻠﻲ ﺕﺎون ﺟﺎس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ اﻟﻮراق - ﺟﻴﺰة ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠١٠ ٥٤٥٣٨٣٨ ٥٤٤٤٨٣٨ ١٠٠ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮهﺎب اﻟﻨﺎدي ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ١٥ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ﻣﺠﺎورة ٧ ﺡﻲ ب ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٠٧ ١٠١ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺡﻤﻦ ﻣﺤﺠﻮب ﺕﺎون ﺟﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻮراق ﺟﺰﻳﺮة ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٤٨ ١٠٢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺠﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠٦٦٨٧٠٥٢ ١٠٣ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٤٤

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م اﻻﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان ﺕﻠﻴﻔﻮن ﻓﺎآﺲ ١٠٤ إﻳﻬﺎب ﻋﺒﺎس داوود HSE Manager ٠١٠٠٣٦٤٨٦٤ ١٠٥ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٢٩ ١٠٦ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ وﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬي اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻢ – ﻋﻤﺎرات اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٤٦ ٥٤٤٣٩٣٩ ١٠٧ ﻳﻮﺱﻒ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺮج ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺏﺘﺮوﺕﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎة اﻟﺤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ٠١٢٢٤٩٧٧٥٥ ١٠٨ ﻋﺰت إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٢٤٧٨٥٧٣٣ ١٠٩ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ دراﺱﺎت ﺏﻴﺌﻴﺔ ٠١٠٤٩٥٩٣٥٣ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺏﺘﺮوﺱﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ١١٠ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪة اﻟﺴﺎهﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٥٦٢١٢٢٢ ١١١ راﻥﻴﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ١١٢ هﺎﻟﺔ ﺏﻴﻮﻣﻲ Eco Conserve ١١٣ رﻳﻬﺎم

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Annex 10: Second Public Consultation Report

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Minutes of Meeting First Hearing and Consultation Session on

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Of Greater Cairo Natural Gas Supply Project Dated Wednesday 27/12/2006, 10:00 a.m. Ramsis Hilton Hotel-Cairo

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study on Greater Cairo Natural Gas Connections Project

- The second and final hearing session on environmental and social impact assessment of natural gas connections project started at 10:30 with a speech delivered by Eng. Samy Marei, Assistant Chairman, Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS), in which he thanked all attendants and those who participated in such study, then he gave a simple explanation for the project, objectives and key points mentioned in the first hearing session. - Dr. Hisham El Agamawy, EEAA representative, gave his speech explaining the importance of natural gas for environment and community in addition to the procedures that must be taken into consideration when implementing the project. - Eng. Ali Abd El Gawad, Assistant Chairman, Town Gas, gave a briefing on the company, project, objectives and implementation methods. - Eng. Mohammed Qandil, in charge of the project environmental study, gave a presentation on the study including a definition for the meaning of environmental and social impact assessment, then he presented a background on the project, explanation for the study objectives and stages, and key points that must be studied such as installation costs, security factors, raising citizens’ awareness, dealing with groups affected, project positive impacts, environmental negative impacts and how to avoid them, then he explained station locations, numbers and types. - Mrs. Zeinab Hafez, in charge of the project social impact assessment, explained the study objectives and implementation obstacles, opinions of people on this project, groups that may be affected, then she explained study methodology and tools, project positive and negative impacts and study recommendations. - Eng. El-Ghazaly Mohammed Hassan, safety consultant, gave a QRA definition, objectives, particularly specifying key risks and how to overcome them, and then he explained the study objectives, tools, steps, study recommendations on risk reduction and usages of QRA.

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Open Discussions

Dr. Medhat Aziz: Enppi Company

- The study focused only on the establishment and operation stages, although it should have focused also on the design stage to avoid some obstacles that come into existence during the implementation such as old buildings and underground water. - Clarifying the study emergency plan is required. - Results of previous studies conducted on gas field must be used. - QRA must include all project elements not only pressure stations. - QRA must be represented in EEAA laws and executive regulations, especially Risk Assessment.

Eng. Samy Marei (EGAS):

- There are pressure standards according to which all stations are implemented, and they are all of world-class levels. - Town Gas already has an emergency plan that will be attached with the study.

Eng. Mohammed Qandil

- The project environment management plan includes a part specific to the design stage, such as old building inspection and coordination with the antiquities authority.

Eng. Hisham El-Agamawy (EEAA):

- QRA is stipulated in the guidelines issued by EEAA under “Emergency Plan” to assess the possibility of accidents and procedures to be taken if accidents take place and methods of handling their impacts. This title will be modified in the guide to be “Risk Assessment”.

Eng. Ali Abd El-Gawad (Town Gas):

- Regarding the connection between the initial design and QRA, this is actually investigated before starting the work as we make designs, select materials and their specifications, and prepare suppliers that will be dealt with.

Dr. El-Saaty

- Natural gas project has positive impacts represented in discovering Greater Cairo infrastructure and routes of water pipelines and electricity and telephone lines…etc - EGAS is responsible for raising citizens’ awareness of how to deal with gas via different mass media.

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- Concerning finance: the possibility of providing finance through Social Fund as natural gas project will have return to state and people.

Eng. Ali Abd El-Gawad (Town Gas):

- One of the most important advantages of natural gas network is exposing the absence of a utility network, so that the Information Center is performing a good role regarding this part.

Dr. Samy Marei (EGAS):

- Concerning citizen awareness: each gas receipt shows on the back side the emergency plan and how to act in case of emergency, in addition to the procedures that must be taken in this case.

* Eng. Essam Mohamed Fahmy, Environment Protection Assistant GM, Town Gas:

- Natural Gas will be a great advantage for new cities, which will lead to increasing population and urbanizing such cities, hence, reducing pressure on Cairo.

* Ashraf El Alfi, Quality Control GM, EGAS:

- When explaining the PRS locations of choice, it was explained that they were chosen to be located in areas far away from residents. However, due to increased urbanization, controls should be laid with the Ministry of Housing and competent authorities so as not to have increased urbanization in such areas; for a sufficient safe distances; and to develop a future plan for increased urbanization in PRS places of choice. - How are barrels of odorant material chemically treated?

Eng. Samy Marei, EGAS:

- Barrels of odorant material are an old problem, but it is overcome by re-using the same barrels so that there would not be any empty ones or lost amounts of the material. Such barrels are not disposed of unless on EEAA permission. - For PRS locations of choice, they are all identified to be far from residential areas, but no one can guarantee how the situation unfolds some years later. That is why the company takes all measures at high levels in terms of depth and safe distance to avoid increased urbanization risks. Nevertheless, this requires developing a state-level plan for legislating laws preventing increased urbanization near such stations.

* Dr. Saati suggested having a safe inviolable place, such as a garden, around the station in order to avoid future construction in this place.

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* Hassan Abdel Rahim:

- - In order to avoid all problems, the process should be implemented higher on the mountain, and mountain drilling equipment may be imported from Germany.

* Eng. Mahmoud Abdel Aziz, GM, GASCO:

- Efforts must be increased to raise citizens’ awareness of the importance of natural gas via communication with local authorities and holding more seminars. - Concerning the fifth PRS location (Tebbin), it is co-shared by GASCO and already includes a PRS there. We receive complaints from residents in terms of noise. So, please, reconsider the location of such site.

Eng. Mohamed Qandil:

- As indicated by the QRA study, the risk is within the PRS boundaries not outside.

Eng. El Ghazaly:

- For Tebbin PRS, the QRA study has been conducted 4 years ago, and for the noise problem, it is only apparent in stage; that is why walls have been built to reduce it. However, following the conduction of the QRA study, it was found that it is more dangerous, as in case of any gas leakage, an explosion destroying all the area will take place. Thus, the current policy is to have PRSs open so as to avoid such danger; hence, other alternative solutions are being sought to avoid the noise problem. - For the safe inviolable area around PRSs, all PRS locations have been chosen to be in the desert away from residential areas. However, increased urbanization cannot be predicted or controlled; thus, risk controls have been developed on the basis that the PRS is surrounded by residential areas as well in order to have all measures ready in case of increased urbanization.

* Manal Mohamed Bashir: Environmental Social Researcher, Suez Govrnortate:

- What is the role of the natural gas process in environmental development in Egypt? What guarantees the sustainability of such energy?

Eng. Samy Marei, EGAS:

- 50% of energy in Egypt depends on natural gas whether in houses or factories. Natural gas is a principal source of the national income in Egypt and one of the development fields considered by the Ministry of Petroleum in its strategy to achieve the development required in the Petroleum Sector.

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* Mohamed Abd-Allah: EEAA - Does collaboration exist between the company and the authorities responsible for the paving operation directly after the digging? Does the company undertake the digging operation or contractors affiliated to it? - How are solid wastes resulting from the digging operation disposed of?

Eng. Aly Abdel Gawad (Town Gas): - Re-paving is conducted by one of two ways, either through the company itself while paying few fees to the Information Center, or through the District authority or the Road Directorate while paying the fees in full. In all cases, paving is undertaken only after testing and ensuring network validity. - Regarding solid wastes, the contractor is responsible for their disposal by lifting and transferring them to public waste dumps after obtaining permission to this effect.

* Refaat Al Bashir, People’s Assembly ex-member, Suez Governorate:

- When will natural gas services be introduced to South Valley governorates?

Eng. Samy Marei (EGAS)

- The State’s general plan is to connect natural gas to all governorates in Egypt. However, the plan and connection are implemented in stages, so that natural gas will have been connected to all South Valley governorates by the end of 2012. - The study of Assiut line is currently at EEAA and the project is under discussion and research.

* Dr. Al Saaty

- What are natural gas reserves in Egypt?

Eng. Samy Marei (EGAS)

- According to what is announced, the reserve is sufficient for 35 coming years, exclusive of new discoveries.

*Geologist Salaheddin, Cairo EMU:

- The attendance of some civil defense and firefighting personnel would have been beneficial so as to be introduced to natural gas hazards and how to face them. - Guiding signs should be placed in areas where PRSs exist so that citizens know them.

EcoConServ 201 ESIAF EGAS

- All gas pipes should be of the same color so that they may not be confused with water pipes.

Eng. Aly Abdel Gawad (Town Gas)

- Guiding signs actually exist in the PRSs, and each gas regulator carries a label with all company information and telephone numbers. - All gas pipes are of the same color, white.

*Youssef Abdel Hamid, Environmental Director, Giza Governorate, and Television Program Developer:

- Citizens’ awareness should be raised through various mass media, especially television drama awareness programs.

Eng. Sami Marei (EGAS)

- A suggestion that will be taken into consideration.

* Eng. Mohamed Abdel Salam, Head, Exhibitions and Fairs Company

- The style of providing services should be developed, especially in relation with breaking works inside apartments. A means of communication with workers should be available; punctuality is a must; and caring for citizens when submitting applications must be considered.

Eng. Sami Marei (EGAS)

- - This should be taken into consideration.

EcoConServ 202 ESIAF EGAS

ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭﻴﻥ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ٢٧/١٢/٢٠٠٦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺼﺒﺎﺤﺎ ﺒﻔﻨــﺩﻕ ﺭﻤﺴﻴﺱ ﻫﻴﻠﺘﻭﻥ – ﺍﻟﻘــﺎﻫﺭﺓ

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ١ د./ هﺸﺎم اﻟﻌﺠﻤﺎوي ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ٠١٠٦٠٥٢٢٤٦ ٥٢٥٦٤٩٠

٢ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺟﻬﺎز ﺷﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٣٠ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺡﻠﻮان اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ ٠١٢١٠٩١٧٧٥ ٣ ك./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ وزارة اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ٠١٢١١٨٣٢٠٨

٤ ا./ أﻣﻴﺮة ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٠١٢٣٨٧٤٩٢٩ ٦ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻻﺱﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر رﺉﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ٣٢ ج ﺷﺎرع ﻣﺮاد اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ٠١٢٤٩٥٠٢٤٢ م./ ﺕﻴﻤﻮر ﺡﺒﻴﺐ ﺕﻮﻓﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري اﻹدارة ٧ وزارة اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻷﻣﻦ ٥٣٢١٦٨٠ إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻨﺪي اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ٨ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎر/ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮازق ﻋﺒﺪ اﺕﺤﺎد اﻹذاﻋﺔ واﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﺰﻳﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي آﻮرﻥﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ٠١٠١٨٠٤٨٥٠ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ

EcoConServ 203 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٩ ﺷﺮآﺔ اﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮول ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم وﻋﻀﻮ ٧ ش اﻟﺠﻼء اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ٠١٠١٤٧٦٨٨٧ رﻓﻌﺖ ﺏﺸﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﺏﻖ ١٠ زﻳﻨﺐ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺎﻓﻆ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ أول ﺡﺪاﺉﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ٠١٢٩٣٨٨٠٧٧

١١ زﻳﻨﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ١١٣ ش اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﻲ ٣٢١٦٥٩٢ ١٢ ﻣﺎهﺮ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺏﺎﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ٠١٢٨١٤٢٦١٦

١٣ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻃﻪ ٠١٢٢٦٠٩٣٠٢

١٤ د./ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮث أﺱﺘﺎذ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ش اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺪﻗﻲ ٠١٢٧٠١١٤٨٩ ١٥ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻷﺏﺤﺎث واﻟﺪراﺱﺎت ﻣﺪﻳﺮ وﺡﺪة ﺕﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺹﻼح ﺱﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٠٦٦٥٠٠٧٨ ﻏﺎدة ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ٤٠٢٤٠٩٩ اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥﻴﺔ اﻷﺱﺮة ١٦ ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح ﺷﺮآﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ واﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ ١١ ش ﻣﺮﻗﺺ ﺡﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺠﻮزة ٣٣٥٧٢٢٨

١٧ ﻥﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮب ﺹﺤﻔﻴﺔ ٠١٠١٢٤٥٢١٤

١٨ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ أﺏﻮ اﻟﻮﻓﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻷﺥﺒﺎر اﻟﺰراﻋﻴﺔ ﺹﺤﻔﻲ ٣٣ ش دﻣﺸﻖ روآﺴﻲ ٤٥٥٣٠٣٨

١٩ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻷﺥﺒﺎر ﺹﺤﻔﻲ

٢٠ د./ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻥﻮار اﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻮﺟﺮاﻓﻲ ﺏﺎﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻢ ٧٨ ش ٤ اﻟﻬﻀﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ٠١٢٣٤١١٩١٤ ٥٠٨٢٧٩٧

٢١ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﺘﺮوﻳﺞ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻹدارة ١٧ ش اﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺼﺎوي ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٢٧٣٨٣٠٣

EcoConServ 204 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٢٢ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﻥﻊ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻄﺮد - اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻮﺏﻴﺔ ٤٧٠٥٠٣٤ م./ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺡﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪ ٢٢٠٥٦٤٨ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ٢٣ د./ ﻣﺎﺟﺪ ﺡﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ آﻮرﻥﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ ٠١٠٦٨٣٩٥٠٥

٢٤ د./ آﺮم ﺟﺮﺟﺲ وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ٥٨٢٧٤٣٣ ٢٥ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺱﺎت ١٢٠ ش ﻣﺤﻲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ أﺏﻮ اﻟﻌﺰ ٠١٠٦٠٦٣٠٠٣ د./ أﻳﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻮاد اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ٢٦ د./ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٠١٢٣٤٤٢٣٢٤

٢٧ م./ ﻥﻌﻤﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٢٠ ش ﺱﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮن ٦٣٩٧٧٣٠

٢٨ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺱﻜﺮﺕﻴﺮ ﻋﺎم اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ٠١٠٥٠٩٥٩٦٤

٢٩ م./ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٤٠٢٣٤٦٠

٣٠ ﺟﻮرج ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻀﻮ ١ ش أﺏﻮ زهﺮة ﺷﺒﺮا اﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ

٣١ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺴﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪى اﻟﻌﺮﺏﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٢١٩٩٠٣٠

٣٢ ﺡﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻠﻴﻢ ﺡﺴﻦ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺟﺮهﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﻮرﻳﺪات اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ

٣٣ ﻳﺴﺮى ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ دﻳﻮان ﻋﺎم ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٧٤٨٢٨٥٢

٣٤ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ﺥﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ آﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ٤٠٦ ش اﻷهﺮام اﻟﺠﻴﺰة ٠١٢٣٦٩٧٨٥٤ ٥٨٧٦٠٠٥ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء

EcoConServ 205 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٣٥ د./ ﻋﻼء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺷﺌﻮن ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٥١٤٨٦٠٧

٣٦ م./ ﺱﻌﺎد ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺷﺌﻮن ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٥٦١٣١٤٨

٣٧ ك./ هﺪى ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺱﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ آﻴﻤﺎﺉﻲ ﺷﺌﻮن ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٤٢٤٤٤٣٦

٣٨ ج./ ﺹﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ﺏﺎﺡﺚ ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة

٣٩ م./ أﺱﺎﻣﺔ ﻥﻮر اﻟﺪﻳﻦ وزارة اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺷﺌﻮن اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ١ ش اﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﺮ – ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٢٧٦٦٣٢٨ ٤٠ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻨﺠﺎر هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٧٣٣٧٢١٧ ٤١ م./ ﺱﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﻋﻲ إﻳﺠﺎس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ﻟﻸﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٤٢ ﻋﻠﻴﺎء ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ٤٠٥٥٨٠٦ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٦ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ٤٣ م./ ﻥﺎدﻳﺔ ﺥﻄﺎب ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٤٤ د./ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﺏﻨﺪاري ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٢٢٤٧٠٤٠٣ ٤٥ وﺡﻴﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٢٤٥٩٨٣١٦ ٤٦ م./ اﺷﺮف اﻷﻟﻔﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٢٦٤٢٨٣٣ ٤٧ ﺱﺎﻣﺢ ﺱﻴﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮازق ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠٦٢٠٩٩٠ ٤٠٥٥٨٧٥ ٤٨ م./ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ دﺏﻮس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٢٧٣٢٦٤٢٤

EcoConServ 206 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٤٩ م./ اﻳﻬﺎب ﻳﺤﻴﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٢٧١٧٤٨٤٢ ٥٠ ﺡﺎﺕﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ٥١ هﺸﺎم اﻟﺴﻌﺪي ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎر ﺕﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻻﻋﻤﺎل ٢٦٤٢٩٧٤ ٥٢ رﺷﺎ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ٢٦٤٢٥٣٦ ٥٣ أﺱﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺪﻥﻲ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ٠١٠٦٠٧٢٥٦٠ ٥٤ ﻥﺮﻣﻴﻦ ﻥﻴﺒﻞ آﺮم اﷲ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ٥٥ اﻟﺴﻴﺪ أﺏﻮ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻃﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ٠١٠٥٣٢٥٢٢٤ ٥٦ وﺱﺎم إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ٥٧ ﻥﻬﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺕﺢ إﻳﺠﺎس أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٥٨ راﻥﻴﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ أﺏﻮ ﻥﻌﻤﺔ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٠١٠٥٦٨٦٢٢٥

٥٩ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺎل أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٦٠ ك./ رﻳﻬﺎم ﻣﺤﺮوس ﻋﻠﻰ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ٠١٢١٧٢٦٤٦٥ ٦١ اﺡﻤﺪ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺱﺐ ٠١٠١٧٩٨٣١٢ ٦٢ ج./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ٠١٢٠٣٤٧٨٦١ ٦٣ ك./ ﺱﺤﺮ ﻥﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻳﺐ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ٠١٠٦٠٥٠٧٤١ ٦٤ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﺴﻌﺪﻥﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٢٤٠٥٤١٤٠ ٦٥ اﺡﻤﺪ ﺱﻴﺪ ﺱﻼﻣﺔ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ

EcoConServ 207 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٦٦ هﺎﻥﻲ رﺏﻴﻊ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ٠١٢٥٩٣٧١٤٣ ٦٧ ﺱﺎﻟﻲ ﺹﻼح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺉﻲ ٠١٠٦٤٨٣٨٣٨ ٦٨ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﺡﻤﺪ اﻟﻜﻔﺮاوي ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٦٩ م./ إﻳﻬﺎب ﺱﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٠٥١٢٧٤٧٢ ٧٠ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺰت اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ٠١٠١٦٤٥٤٣٠ ٧١ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ زهﺮي رﺉﻴﺲ وﺡﺪة ٠١٢٧٥٥٧٦٣٤ ٧٢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺱﺎﺉﻖ ٠١٢١٣٨٧٩٩٥ ٧٣ وﺡﻴﺪ أﺏﻮ زﻳﺪ ﺱﺎﺉﻖ ٧٤ ﺡﺴﻦ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺱﺎﺉﻖ ٧٥ ﺟﺎﺏﺮ ﺡﻤﺪ ﺟﺎﺏﺮ إﻳﺠﺎس آﺎﺕﺐ ﺱﻜﺮﺕﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٠٢٤١١١١٧ ٧٦ د./ ﻣﺪﺡﺖ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ٢٧٦٢٤٩٣ اﻥﺒﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ

٧٧ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن ﺟﺎﺱﻜﻮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺷﺎرع اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻦ – اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ٠١٠١٢٩٢٤٢٩ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ٧٨ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٠١٦٦١٣٩٨ ٧٩ م./ ﺟﻼل اﻟﺸﺎذﻟﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٢٢٤٢٦٤٥٧ ٨٠ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول ﺱﻼﻣﺔ ٦١٨٧٦٢١ ك./ ﺏﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺪﻳﺐ وﺹﺤﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﻴﺔ

EcoConServ 208 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٨١ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس أول ﺱﻼﻣﺔ ٠١٠١٤٧٧٧٣٤ م./ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻓﺎروق اﺡﻤﺪ وﺡﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺏﻴﺌﺔ ٨٢ ﺡﺴﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺱﻼﻣﺔ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ٠١٢٣٦٥٣٣٣٥ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ٨٣ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ رأﻓﺖ اﻟﺒﻨﺒﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٦١٨٧٣٥٣ ٨٤ ك./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻃﺎش آﻴﻤﻴﺎﺉﻲ ٦١٨٧٦٢٣ ٨٥ ﻣﻨﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺏﺸﻴﺮ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﺕﺪرﻳﺐ وﺷﺌﻮن ٠٦٢٣٣٦١٧٧٧ أﻓﺮاد ٨٦ م./ هﺸﺎم ﻳﺤﻴﻰ اﻷﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠١٧٥٧٨٧٩ ٨٧ م./ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻦ رأﻓﺖ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ٠١٠٩٢٠١٩٩٨ ﻏﺎز ﻣﺼﺮ ٣٠ ش اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺸﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻇﺔ ٨٨ م./ ﺡﺴﺎم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺱﻌﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ٠١٠١٦٨٩٩٤١ ٨٩ ﺱﻌﻴﺪ ﺹﺎﻟﺢ ﺏﺮﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠١٧٥٧٨٥٧ ٩٠ م./ ﻋﺼﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﺕﺎون ﺟﺎس ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ١٠٢ ش ﻋﻤﺎر اﺏﻦ ﻳﺎﺱﺮ – ﻣﺼﺮ ٦٢٣٠١٠٨ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ٩١ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻮاد ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ رﺉﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ اﻟﻮراق - ﺟﻴﺰة ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠١٠ ٥٤٥٣٨٣٨ ٥٤٤٤٨٣٨ ٩٢ م./ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺡﺴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٢٩ ٩٣ م./ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ اﻟﻨﺎدي ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٠٧

EcoConServ 209 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ٩٤ م./ ﻳﺤﻴﻰ زآﺮﻳﺎ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٠١٠١٦٦٩٠٤٣ ٩٥ م./ وﻟﻴﺪ ﺱﻤﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﻤﻮاﺹﻔﺎت ٥٣٠٠٩٤٩ ٥٤٥٣٨٣٨ ٩٦ د./ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﺡﺴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ١٤ ش ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﻌﺮاوي – ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ٠١٠١٥١٠٦٣٠ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ٩٧ ﻥﺠﻮى ﺱﻴﺪ أﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ٢ ش اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺱﺮاي اﻟﻘﺒﺔ ٠١٠٦٠٣٥٠٣٦ ٩٨ م./ ﻓﻜﺮي ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ١٣٧ ش اﻟﻌﺮوﺏﺔ ٠١٢٧٤١٦٥١٧ ٩٩ هﺎﻥﻲ اﺡﻤﺪ رأﻓﺖ رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ٠١٠٦٠٣٥٦٧٠ ١٠٠ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ أول اﻟﻮراق ٠١٠٥٦٧٨١٧٠ ١٠١ ﻣﺠﺪي اﺡﻤﺪ ﺡﺴﻨﻴﻦ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ اﻣﻦ ﺹﻨﺎﻋﻲ ٢٣ ش اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻮاح ٠١٠٠٩٢٨٤٥٥ ١٠٢ ﻋﺰت إﺏﺮاهﻴﻢ اﺡﻤﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﺎم ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬي ٠١٢٤٧٨٥٧٣٣ ١٠٣ ﻳﻮﺱﻒ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻓﺮج ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎة اﻟﺤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ٠١٢٢٤٩٧٧٥٥ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺏﺘﺮوﺕﺮﻳﺪ ١٠٤ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺠﻮاد رﺉﻴﺲ ﻗﺴﻢ ١٣ ش اﻟﻮﺡﺪة اﻟﻌﺮﺏﻴﺔ ٠١٠١٤٣٢٤٦٣

١٠٥ اﻟﻐﺰاﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺡﺴﻦ اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ٠١٠٥٤٤١٢٩٠ ﺏﺘﺮوﺱﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدي ١٠٦ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ اﻟﺴﺎهﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ إدارة اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ٠١٠٥٦٢١٢٢٢ ١٠٧ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﺰ ﺏﺎزﻳﺪ ﺷﺮآﺔ ﺥﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ أﺥﺼﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎز ١ ش أﻥﻮر اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻥﺼﺮ ٠١٢٧٣٧١٤٥٣ ١٠٨ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ Eco Conserv اﺱﺘﺸﺎري ٠١٠١١١١١٨٤

EcoConServ 210 ESIAF EGAS

ﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻜﺱ ١٠٩ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻃﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻥﻔﻴﺮوﻥﻴﻜﺲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺏﻴﺌﻲ ٦ ش اﻟﺪﻗﻲ ٠١٠١٤٢٤٤٦٠

EcoConServ 211