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Application Status and Problems of Machine-Made Sand in Highway Engineering E3S Web of Conferences 165, 04080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504080 CAES 2020 Application status and problems of machine-made sand in Highway Engineering WU Songhua1, WANG Xiangzhen1, HE Lianghua1, KONG Yandong1, HE Yuliang2 1Shaoxing Traffic Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Station, Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000, China; 2College of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000, China Abstract. Based on the investigation of the application of machine-made sand in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, this paper analyses the supply and demand of local machine-made sand, combined with the application of machine-made sand in highway engineering projects such as Hangzhou Shaoxing Taizhou expressway. It discusses the problems existing in the current machine-made sand industry, such as slow overall application, uneven quality and low application of high-grade concrete, and puts forward many measures to promote high-quality machine-made sand. In the application of high-grade concrete, it is suggested that the government should develop the machine-made sand market jointly with many departments, increase efforts to crack down on the inferior sand, cultivate the high-quality machine-made sand market, and improve the engineering quality of the machine-made sand concrete. 1 Introduction the current promotion and application of machine-made sand, and puts forward the future development direction In recent years, with the Chinese government investing of machine-made sand industry. heavily in the construction of transportation infrastructure, the demand for building materials has increased dramatically, especially the introduction of documents 2 Current situation of machine-made such as the outline of building a powerful transportation sand industry country issued by the State Council. In the next few years, the traffic construction will be greatly developed. 2.1. Sand demand However, as an important material of concrete, the natural river sand, due to the huge consumption, the continuous Taking the sand used in Shaoxing as the survey object, the depletion of resources and environmental protection annual investment of the city's comprehensive problems, has become increasingly serious. The machine- transportation construction is basically over 22 billion, made sand is made of the mineral materials that meet the involving many types of projects, such as expressway, requirements of the parent rock. After treatment, it is national and provincial highway, rail transit, urban viaduct, mechanically broken, screened and shaped to make the etc, involving a wide range of points. The demand for particle size less than 4.75mm. At the same time, its concrete in these projects is basically over 3 million particle shape and grading meet the construction square meters per year, and the proportion of sand in requirements. The replacement of the machine-made sand concrete is the largest, accounting for the proportion of for the natural river sand is the future development trend concrete about 30% of the concrete structure. According [1]. Compared with river sand, machine-made sand has to this calculation, the annual sand consumption in the the advantages of high economic benefit, controllable comprehensive traffic construction field of the city will quality and easy to adjust production because of its reach more than 1 million square meters. convenient material and industrial production [2]. Popularizing and applying machine-made sand is not only the main measure to alleviate the dilemma of sand used in 2.2. Source of sand highway engineering, but also the direction of green At present, there are three main forms of sand used in development of highway engineering, which is of great highway engineering in Shaoxing area. significance for building a powerful transportation The first one is high-quality natural river sand. country. Based on the investigation of the application of According to the investigation, the source of high-quality machine-made sand in Shaoxing area of Zhejiang natural river sand used in highway engineering in the past Province, combined with the current situation of the is basically the river sand produced in Shengzhou of this application of local machine-made sand in highway city. However, with the continuous depletion of river sand engineering, this paper analyzes the problems existing in resources, the increasing environmental protection Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 165, 04080 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504080 CAES 2020 requirements, the prohibition of mining and limited Inferior sand brings natural defects to the homogeneity of mining of river sand and other factors, there is basically concrete, directly affects the strength of concrete, and no large quantity of high-quality river sand in Shengzhou some inferior sand's relevant inspection indexes are of this city. The sand for highway engineering is basically unqualified. According to statistics, in the past four years purchased to meet the construction needs of the city, of supervision and sampling inspection, there have been mainly from Poyang Lake in Jiangxi, Ganjiang region, three batches of sand with excessive chloride ion content Bohai Bay in Liaoning, Guangxi and other regions. in the city's highway engineering projects. If the chloride However, due to the long transportation distance, the site ion content in the sea sand is large, it will have strong price is relatively high. Taking Shaoxing city as an corrosiveness to the steel bar and bring great harm to the example, the price is more than 230 Yuan per ton. safety and durability of the engineering structure [3]. Moreover, for highway engineering with large demand, it The third type is high-quality machine-made sand, is difficult for high-quality natural river sand in other areas which refers to the rock particles with the particle size less to fill up quickly meet the construction needs. than 4.75mm made by de mining, mechanical crushing The second is inferior sand, including sea sand after and screening, excluding the particles of soft rock and simple desalination, natural sand with excessive mud weathered rock [4]. At present, the machine-made sand content, weathered rock machine-made sand, stone chips used in the highway projects under construction in the city powder, etc. At present, the site price of this kind of sand is mainly in the form of self-processing and outsourcing. is less than 150 Yuan per ton. According to the survey, In this paper, four representative production lines of some project construction units use a large number of machine-made sand are selected for comparison through inferior sand driven by interests, that is, a certain amount field investigation of the production of machine-made of inferior sand is mixed into the natural high-quality sand, sand in the city and surrounding areas, as shown in Table and the quality of the sand mixed is difficult to distinguish. 1. Table 1. Comparison of four machine-made sand production lines. Base Processing Production Particle grading Use of structural Production line material method costs(Yuan) and morphology parts source The aggregate has Combined Dry processing of 35- more two ends and Bridge Tunnel slag production hangshaotai high 45(Production less in the middle, substructure C30 (tuff) of sand and speed project only) and its shape is and below concrete stone regular The grading is Wet processing of Wet sand reasonable, the 30- Bridge Hangzhou Tunnel slag production shape is like gravel, 40(Production substructure C30 Shaoxing Taiwan (tuff) with sand and the content of only) and below concrete High Speed project and stone stone powder is small Dry processing of Limestone 140(Producer's Similar to high Up to C55 beam Gangteng building Dry process purchased price) quality natural sand slab concrete materials Dry processing of Combined Wencheng Taishun Tunnel slag production 80(Production Close to natural C60 main tower high speed four (tuff) of sand and only) sand concrete standard project stone It can be seen from the above table that the processing large areas, and increasing the transportation cost of the methods of machine-made sand mainly include dry purchased machine-made sand. In the use of structural method and wet method. In the case of the same source of parts, machine-made sand has been widely used in low- base metal, the comparison of production cost, particle grade concrete and substructure, and part of machine- size distribution and morphology shows that the two made sand with good quality has been used in high-grade processing methods are basically similar. From the concrete and beam slab structure. comparison of self-processing and outsourcing, we can see that the outsourcing cost is much higher than that of self-processing when using the same processing method. 3 Application of machine-made sand From the analysis, we can see that compared with self- in Highway Engineering processing, the source of base material needs to be purchased increases the cost expenditure. At the same At present, the machine-made sand has been gradually time, the highway engineering has the characteristics of applied in the city's highway engineering projects, and has many points, wide distribution in strips, crossing over achieved good results, which is not only conducive to 2
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