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Two New Glaphyrids (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota, China

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Two New Glaphyrids (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota, China Cretaceous Research 59 (2016) 1e9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Short communication Two new glaphyrids (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota, China ** * Hongyun Zhao a, Ming Bai b, , Chungkun Shih a, Dong Ren a, a Key Lab of Insect Evolution and Environmental Change, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China b Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China article info abstract Article history: Two new species, Cretohypna puncta sp. nov. and Cretohypna robusta sp. nov., of Glaphyridae are Received 11 May 2015 described and illustrated. These fossils were collected from the Jehol Biota, Lower Cretaceous Yixian Received in revised form Formation of Liutiaogou Village in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China. Up to date, 18 fossil species in 6 24 October 2015 genera of Glaphyridae have been reported, among which ten species are from China. Respective keys to Accepted in revised form 29 October 2015 the Mesozoic genera of Glaphyridae and to species of Cretohypna Yan, Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 are pro- Available online 22 November 2015 vided. This is the first report of spiracles in fossil Glaphyridae leading to a hypothesis that the character of the 7th abdominal spiracles present in pleural membrane is a plesiomorphy for Glaphyridae. Keywords: © New species 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Yixian Formation Mesozoic Lower Cretaceous Glaphyridae 1. Introduction Cretaceous of Russia; while Glaphyrus and Lichnanthe are discov- ered in Cenozoic of Germany and America. Fossil species of Gla- The Glaphyridae MacLeay, 1819 is a small family comprising ten phyridae have been described from four countries: Germany, genera with over 200 species and subspecies. Extinct species can be Russia, China and America, while about 90% of species from Russia found in six genera, among which four genera (Cretoglaphyrus and China. Nikolajev, 2005, Lithohypna Nikolajev, Wang & Zhang, 2011, Creto- Herein we describe two new species Cretohypna puncta sp. nov. hypna Yan, Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 and Mesohypna Nikolajev & Ren, and Cretohypna robusta sp. nov., based on four well-preserved 2013) are extinct genera, while two genera (Glaphyrus Latreille, fossils, from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation near Liutiao- 1807 and Lichnanthe Burmeister, 1844) have both extinct and extant gou Village, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China. species. The other four genera (Anthypna Eschscholtz, 1818, The new findings offer new evidence to broaden our understanding Amphicoma Latreille, 1807, Eulasia Truqui, 1848 and Pygopleurus of morphological characters, diversity and speciose of Mesozoic Motschlsky, 1860) only contain extant species (Nikolajev et al., glaphyrids and to elucidate the evolution of spiracles of glaphyrids. 2011). A list of described fossil species of Glaphyridae is summarized in Table 1 (Heer, 1862; Wickham, 1910; Carlson, 1980; Carlson, 2002; 2. Material and methods Nikolajev, 2005; Krell, 2007; Nikolajev and Ren, 2011; Nikolajev et al., 2011; Nikolajev and Ren, 2012; Yan et al., 2012b; Nikolajev The study is based on four specimens (including two with parts and Ren, 2013). As shown in Table 1, three genera of Cretohypna, and counterparts) collected near Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng Lithohypna and Mesohypna are only distributed in the Lower County, Chifeng City, from Yixian Formation of Inner Mongolia, Cretaceous of China; Cretoglaphyrus is only distributed in the Lower China (Fig 1). Yixian Formation, belonging to the famous Jehol Biota (Ren et al., 1997, 2010, 2012), has yielded a number of fossil insects, such as Odonata (Zhang et al., 2006), Chresmodidae (Zhang et al., * Corresponding author. 2008), Coleoptera (Bai et al., 2012, 2013; Yan et al., 2012a,b; Yu ** Corresponding author. et al., 2013, 2015a,b), Hemiptera (Chen et al., 2014; Yao et al., E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Bai), [email protected] (D. Ren). 2014), Neuroptera (Shi et al., 2015), Hymenoptera (Li et al., 2014; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.026 0195-6671/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2 H. Zhao et al. / Cretaceous Research 59 (2016) 1e9 Table 1 Described fossil species of Glaphyridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from around the world. Species Chronostratigraphy Locality Reference Glaphyrus Heer, 1862 Glaphyrus antiquus Heer, 1862 Miocene Germany Heer (1862) Glaphyrus ancestralis Nikolajev & Ren, 2011 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2011) Cretoglaphyrus Nikolajev, 2005 Cretoglaphyrus calvescens Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretoglaphyrus leptopterus Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretoglaphyrus olenguicus Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretoglaphyrus rohdendorfi Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretoglaphyrus transbaikalicus Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretoglaphyrus zherikhini Nikolajev, 2005 Lower Cretaceous Russia Nikolajev (2005) Cretohypna Yan, Nikolajev & Ren 2012 Cretohypna cristata Yan, Nikolajev & Ren 2012 Lower Cretaceous China Yan et al. (2012b) Cretohypna robusta Zhao, Bai, Shih & Ren, sp. nov. Lower Cretaceous China This study Cretohypna puncta Zhao, Bai, Shih & Ren, sp. nov. Lower Cretaceous China This study Lithohypna Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 Lithohypna chifengensis Nikolajev, Wang & Zhang, 2011 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev et al. (2011) Lithohypna lepticephala Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2012) Lithohypna longula Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2012) Lithohypna tuberculata Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2012) Lithohypna yuxiana Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2012) Lichnanthe (Wickham, 1910) Lichnanthe defuncta (Wickham, 1910) upper Eocene America Wickham (1910); Carlson (1980) Mesohypna Nikolajev & Ren, 2013 Mesohypna lopatini Nikolajev & Ren, 2013 Lower Cretaceous China Nikolajev and Ren (2013) Updated from Yan et al., 2012b. Wang et al., 2015) and Pseudopulicidae (Gao et al., 2012), which are housed in the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental provided new information to enhance our understanding of the Changes, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, taxonomy and evolution of the respective groups. The age of Yixian China (Dong Ren, Curator). Formation is regarded as Early Cretaceous (latest Barremian to earliest Aptian) and linked to a radioisotope-dating of ca. 125 Ma. 3. Systematic Paleontology (Yang et al., 2007; Zhu et al., 2007; Chang et al., 2009; Zhou and Wang, 2010; Pan et al., 2013). Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 The specimens were examined using a Leica MZ 16.5 dissecting Superfamily Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802 microscope connected to a Leica DFC500 digital camera and illus- Family Glaphyridae Macleay, 1819 trated with the aid of a drawing tube attachment. The figures were A key to the five genera of fossil Glaphyridae from the Mesozoic drawn by CorelDraw 12.0 and Photoshop CS 5.1. All type specimens is given here. Fig. 1. Map showing the fossil locality. H. Zhao et al. / Cretaceous Research 59 (2016) 1e9 3 Key to the Mesozoic genera of Glaphyridae with apical 3-antennomere club, club loose. Clypeus front margin distinctly straight; labrum and mandibles prominent, extending 1. Body elongate; labrum relatively large, approximately twice as beyond apex of clypeus, anterior edge of labrum straight and wide as long…………………………………………………………2 distinctly wider than long, nearly four times as wide as long; Body compact and flat; labrum short, over twice as wide as maxillary palpus with 3 segments. long……………………………………………………………………3 Pronotum: Nearly subquadrate, 1.9 times wider than long, the 2. Labrum somewhat bilobed, sinuate in the middle; scutellum U- widest part near its base. Anterior margin concave, with lateral shaped; pygidium visible beyond elytra; protarsus longer than margins convex and posterior margin slightly protruding. Covered protibia………………Lithohypna Nikolajev, Wang & Zhang, 2011 with irregular punctures (Fig. 2A). Labrum front margin straight; scutellum triangular; pygidium Scutellum: Triangular, nearly as wide as long, covered with not beyond elytra; protarsus subequal to protibia……… irregular punctures. …………………………………Mesohypna Nikolajev & Ren, 2013 Wing: Elytra widest near the base, convexly constricted to the 3. Mesepimera well visible in dorsal view between the pronotum apex in the apical quarter, dehiscent. Full of irregular punctures and elytra……………………………………………………………..4 (Fig. 2A). Hind wing with the RP, RA3þ4,RA4þRP1 veins preserved Mesepimera not visible in dorsal view between the pronotum on the fossil. and elytra…………………………Cretoglaphyrus Nikolajev, 2005 Leg: Protibia dilated apically and three teeth on outer margin of 4. Clypeus with two or three teeth on anterior margin; elytra the protibia (Fig. 2E, F), relative lengths (base to apex) of five pro- smooth or with four distinct longitudinal carinae; apex of male tarsomeres 32: 21: 21: 27: 70 (Fig. 2G); mesotibia without ridges mesotibia without lamellate……………Glaphyrus Latreille, 1807 and outer apical angle of mesotibia simple, without lobe teeth or Clypeus with straight anterior margin; elytra without longitu- spines, mesotibia slender than metatibia; metatibia with two dinal carinae; apex of male mesotibia
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