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The Muslim World, Analyze the Spread of Islam and Achievements of the Muslim World 600–1250 Between 600 and 1250

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The Muslim World, Analyze the Spread of Islam and Achievements of the Muslim World 600–1250 Between 600 and 1250 CHAPTER 10 • OBJECTIVE The Muslim World, Analyze the spread of Islam and achievements of the Muslim world 600–1250 between 600 and 1250. Previewing Main Ideas Previewing Main Ideas The development of Islam in the 600s RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Islam, a monotheistic religion begun by Muhammad, developed during the 600s. Its followers, called Muslims, energized Southwest Asia. The Muslim spread Islam through Southwest and Central Asia, parts of Africa, and Europe. Empire that began there expanded rap- Geography Study the time line and the map. What were some of the major idly into northern Africa, southern Europe, cities of the Muslim world? Locate them on the map. and southern Asia. Between 750 and EMPIRE BUILDING The leaders following Muhammad built a huge empire 1250, this empire was one of the most that by A.D. 750 included millions of people from diverse ethnic, language, prosperous and innovative regions in and religious groups. the world. Geography How did the location of the Arabian Peninsula—the origin of the Muslim world—promote empire building? Accessing Prior Knowledge CULTURAL INTERACTION Tolerance of conquered peoples and an Ask students what they know about emphasis on learning helped to blend the cultural traits of people under Islam. Discuss when it started, who Muslim rule. started it, and its relationship to other Geography How far might cultural interaction have spread if the Muslims had won a key battle at Tours in 732? faiths. (Possible Answer: founded by Muhammad) Ask students if they know of contributions in literature, math, or other fields that can be traced to early INTERNET RESOURCES Islam. (Possible Answer: algebra) • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: • Interactive Visuals • Research Links • Maps Geography Answers • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice • Primary Sources • Current Events Chapter Quiz RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS • Some major cities of the Muslim world were Baghdad, Cairo, Córdoba, Damascus, and Mecca. EMPIRE BUILDING Its location at the connecting point of three continents made it a crossroads for trade. CULTURAL INTERACTION The influence of Muslims could have been much stronger in Europe. 260 TIME LINE DISCUSSION Explain to students that between 600 and 1250, 2. Which entries indicate Muslim accomplish- 4. Which entry indicates another region that Islam developed into a major religion and fos- ments in math and science? (the entries on was a center of innovation? (850, Chinese tered an empire that developed art and science Al-Khwarizmi and Greek medical works) invent gunpowder.) of global importance. 3. In what year was a key battle fought at 5. Islam challenged Christianity for power in 1. Which came first, the flourishing of Muslim Tours? (732) Locate Tours on a contemporary southeastern Europe. What happened to the literature or the preservation of Greek works map. Was it part of the Muslim world in Church in 1054? (It divided.) by Muslim scholars? (the preservation of 750? (no) Greek works) What can you infer about these two dates in the time line? (Greek works may have been the foundation for Muslim accomplishments in medicine and other fields, including literature.) 260 Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 History from Visuals Interpreting the Map The map shows the expansion of Islam from its founding in the 600s to 1200. This expansion is one more example of the spread of peoples and ideas from Asia to northern Africa and Europe. What groups had done this previously? (Possible Answers: the Hyksos, the Assyrians, the Indo-Europeans, the Persians, the Huns) How did the expansion of Islam between 750 and 1200 differ from the expansion before 750? (The expansion between 750 and 1200 was primarily in Africa.) Extension Have students compare the map on this page with a world climate map. What is the climate of most of the land under Muslim influence by 1200? (desert or dry) How do you think people in these regions prospered? (Possible Answer: through trade) Interactive This map is available in an interactive format on the eEdition. Students can highlight regions on the map to help them understand the spread of Islam. 261 RECOMMENDED RESOURCES Books for the Teacher Books for the Student Videos and Software The Essential Koran: The Heart of Islam. Trans. Abderrahman, Ayoub, et al. Umm El Madayan: The Conquest of Spain. VHS. Ambrose Video, Thomas Cleary. San Francisco: Harper, 1993. An Islamic City Through the Ages. Boston: 1995. 800-526-4663. Muslims conquer Spain Note that Qur’an is sometimes spelled Koran. Houghton, 1994. History of a fictional Islamic city and rule for seven centuries. Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. in North Africa. Foundations. VHS. Ambrose Video, 1993. Cambridge: Belknap/Harvard UP: 2002. Bayat, Mojdeh, and Mohammad Ali Jamnia. 800-526-4663. Muhammad, Mecca, and the split Hourani, George F., and John Carswell. Tales from the Land of the Sufis. Boston: in Islam. Arab Seafaring. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, Shambhala, 2001. Best-loved Persian tales. 1995. Discusses the sea trade of the Arabs in the Indian Ocean from its origins centuries before Christ to the time of its full development in the ninth and tenth centuries. Teacher’s Edition 261 CHAPTER 10 • INTERACT How does a culture bloom in the desert? Interact with History In 642, Alexandria and the rest of Egypt fell to the Muslim army. Alexandria had been part of Objectives the Byzantine Empire. By 646, however, the city • Prompt students to consider the was firmly under Muslim rule. importance of exchanges You are a Muslim trader from Mecca. between cultures. You admire Alexandria (shown below), with its cultural blend of ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. • Prepare students to appreciate the Now, as Islam spreads, the Muslim Empire is achievements of the Muslim world. borrowing from conquered cultures and enriching its desert culture. As you look around Alexandria, EXAMINING the ISSUES you consider the cultural elements you might bring The Pharos, the great to your desert home in Mecca. lighthouse of Alexandria, is Possible Answers said by some scholars to have inspired the minaret, Because the Christian Church • Travelers might accept Greek texts the tower from which believed ancient Greek texts were not and ideas because of the knowledge Muslims are called to prayer. religious, these books lay neglected The port of Alexandria thrived they contain but reject fountains as in Alexandrian libraries. Muslim for many centuries. As a impractical for a desert city. scholars, however, would revive the Muslim trader, you will bring Greek ideas and advance them. • For their homes, people might want your goods to Alexandria. You large windows to allow breezes to will also bring your language, your holy book, and your faith. cool the house, thick walls to provide insulation, and a system for collecting rainwater that lands on the roof. In public spaces, people might want covered walkways with open sides to shield them from the sun while giving them access to freely moving air. Discussion Make a list on the board of ideas, items, and conventions used in modern life that students think can be traced to the Muslim world. Discuss which of these are known throughout the world. (Possible Answers: Arabic numerals, algebra, EXAMINING the ISSUES Islam, The Thousand and One Nights; all of these) • What cultural elements of Alexandria do you want to For the desert-dwelling adopt? What elements won’t you accept? Arab, water was scarce— and sacred. Fountains in • How might the desert affect a culture’s architectural style? Alexandria would have As a class, discuss which cultural element in Alexandria you think seemed a great gift. will be the most useful in the Muslim world. As you read this chapter, find out how the Muslim Empire adopted and adapted new ideas and developed a unique culture. 262 WHY STUDY THE MUSLIM WORLD? • About one-fifth of the world’s inhabitants—more • Islamic scholars preserved the insights of the than one billion people—are Muslims. Islam is Greeks that continue to shape modern societies. the second most widely followed religion in the • Algebra is the best known of many Muslim world today. advances in math. • The conflict between Muslims and Jews in mod- • Modern bank checks developed from letters of ern times over land in southwest Asia is rooted credit used by Muslim merchants. in this period. • The heritage of religious toleration, scholarly • The division of Islam into Sunni, Shi’a, and Sufi achievement, and economic prosperity of these branches that began under the Umayyads years provides a model that many Muslims wish continues today. to follow today. 262 Chapter 10 LESSON PLAN 1 Muslim women praying Mosque and minaret OBJECTIVES (tower from which the faithful • Describe Arabia before the rise of Islam. are summoned to prayer) The Rise of Islam • Explain how Muhammad began to unify the Arabian Peninsula under Islam. • Identify Islamic beliefs and practices. MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL As the world’s fastest-growing • Allah • mosque FOCUS & MOTIVATE SYSTEMS Muhammad unified major religion, Islam has a • Muhammad • hajj Explain that this section describes the the Arab people both politically strong impact on the lives of • Islam • Qur’an and through the religion of Islam. millions today. • Muslim • Sunna rapid spread of a religion. Ask students • Hijrah • shari’a how the religious composition of the United States has changed in the past The cultures of the Arabian Peninsula were in constant SETTING THE STAGE 50 years. (Possible Answer: more contact with one another for centuries. Southwest Asia (often referred to as the Middle East) was a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe, where goods were Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus) traded and new ideas were shared. One set of shared ideas would become a pow- erful force for change in the world—the religion of Islam.
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