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Mollusca:Gastropoda) of the Angostura Formation Northwestern Ecuador ' TULANE STUDIES IN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY Volume 22, Number 4 December 28, 1989 MURICIDAE (MOLLUSCA:GASTROPODA) OF THE ANGOSTURA FORMATION NORTHWESTERN ECUADOR ' EMILY H. VOKES TULANE UNIVERSITY CONTENTS I. ABSTRACT page II. INTRODUCTION . 107 107 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 112 IV. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY : : : : : 112 V. LOCALITY DATA 117 VI. LITERATURE CITED 117 I. ABSTRACT The muricid fauna of the Late Miocene Angostura Formation, northwestern Ecua­ dor, includes two species previously known from the Gatun Formation of Panama, the Esmeraldas Beds of Ecuador, and other localities in the Caribbean Ter­ tiary. There are also two new species de­ scribed herein. One, Eupleura olssoni, is most closely related to an unnamed Gatun species; the second, Ceratostoma (Micro­ rhytis) ecuadorium, is most closely related to C. (M.) pecki (Emerson), described from the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Tehuan­ tepec, Mexico. Thus, the muricid fauna has a closer affinity with the Tertiary beds of the western Atlantic than with the Re­ cent fauna of the eastern Pacific . II. INTRODUCTION Text-figure 1. Map of northwestern Olsson (1964, p. 8) noted that the Mio­ Ecuador, showing study area. cene section along the Rfo Santiago, in northwestern Ecuador, begins w ith the tura beds are largely barren, in places Angostura Formation, stating: "The lowest there are lenses of finely preserved fossils, part of the Miocene sequence is formed by the principal localities in the area being the the Angostura formation, named from the so-called "Cueva de Angostura," on the Angostura gorge, and consists predomin­ Rio Santiago, and Telembi, an Indian vil­ antly of coarse sandstones a nd beds of con­ lage on the Rio Cayapas, which parallels glomerates, about 150 meters in thick­ the Rio Santiago to the west An attempt ness." He added that, although the Angos- by the author to re-collect these two EDITORIAL COMMITTEE F OR THIS PAPER: C. ROGER BRISTOW, British Geological Survey, Exeter, England WILLIAM K. EMERSON, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York JOHN E. WHITTAKER, British Museum (Natural History), London, England 107 108 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 22 RKO VJERDJE Text-figure 2. Map of Rio Verde area, Province ofEsmeraldas, Ecuador. localities was fo il ed by the caprices of na­ taker , 1988, p. 11), the assumption is that tu re - water too low on the Rio Santi ago , the Angostura Formation is probably Late and, at the same ti me, too high on the Rio Miocene in age. If this is the case, then the Cayapas. unit may be slightly older than the Gatun Fortunately, there is another excellent Formation of Panama, with which it was section of the Angostura Formation ex­ correlated by Olsson (1964, p. 8). This is re­ posed along the coast east of Rio Verde, a flected in the molluscan fauna, which, as fishing village at the mouth of the Rio Olsson note d , is close ly relate d to the Verde, about 30 km east of the city of Es­ Gatun and "many Angostura species de­ meraldas (see text-fi gs. I , 2). T here a mag­ scribed as ne w differ from related Gatun nificent section is exposed (text-figs. 3, 4), species only in small particulars." which, according to Whittaker (1988, p. The reason why the Angostura fauna 101, consists of the Middle Miocene Viche has such a strong resemblance to that of Formation (planctic foraminiferal zone N the Gatun is more a matter of facies than 12) at the base and the Late Mi ocene time. The two formations are identical in Lower Onzole Formation (N 16) at the top, facies, both being shallow-water, near­ with the Angostura Formation in between shore units. Many of the species, at first (text-fi g. 5). Whittaker descr ibes the An­ glance, seem to be the same as those in the gostura Formation at this locati on as rest­ Gatun but, upon close r examination, prove ing "with a sharp conformable contact on to be, as Olsson noted , sli ghtly different, the Viche mudstones," but the contact is which should make evolutionary gradua­ markedly eroded (te xt-figs. 6, 7) a nd is bet­ li sts ve ry happy. Of the four muricid ter classifie d as disconformable. species treated he rein, Olsson had two The age of the Angostura Formation is from the Angostura beds at Cueva de An­ uncertain , as the re are no diagnostic gostura a nd Te lembi: Haustellum planktic fo ra minifera in these shallow­ polynematicus (Brown and Pilsbry), which water beds. However, as the beds of the also occurs in the Gatun Formation, the Lower Onzole Formation, resting im­ Esme raldas beds, and unnamed beds in mediately above the Angostura at P unta southe rn Colombia (see Vokes, 1988, p. Verde, are dated as latest Miocene (Whit- 17); and Eu pleura olssoni, n. sp. , which is No. 4 Muricidae of Angostura Formation, Ecuador 109 Text-figure 3. Sea cliffs, exposed along coast at Punta Verde, Province ofEsmeraldas, Ecuador. Text-figure 4. Section exposed in sea cliffs at Punt~ Verde. Darker beds at bottom of picture are Angostura Formation; li ghter beds at top are Lower Onzole Formatioll. 110 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 22 that, as one walks along the beach east­ ward from the town, the northwesterly dip of the beds gradually exposes the complete section. Initially, the cliffs are composed of an unfossiliferous gray silt, which Whit­ taker re fers to the Lowe r Onzole Forma­ tion. The first (stratigraphically highest) fossiliferous beds consist of a indurated, massive sandstone, containing numerous pe ctens, sand-dollars, and many speci­ me ns of Ostrea haitensis Sowerby, 1850, a common fossil throughout the Caribbean. This is underlain by a sandy lens fill ed with LOWER ONZOLE FM ra ther chalky pelecypods and gastropods llAH MIOCENE ! of many species. Beneath this is a non-fos­ ANGOSTURA FM !LAIEMIOCEm) siliferous zone and, finally, at the base of El the Angostura Formation, where it rests YICHE FM on the Viche, there is another lens of mol­ ~ (fAMl Y•MIODl EMIOCENE ) luscan fossils. This latte r zone is crowded PAMBIL FM with specimens of Turritella, but it is also llilll (l AIE OllOOC fNE ) in this level that the muricid specimens occur. The first time we visited Punta Verde the re was a small area with well­ preserved fossil mollusks in the w ave-cut be nch exposed al low tide . However, Text-fi gure 5. Geologic map of Rio when we returned in 1988, sand had com­ Verde area (from Wh ittaker , 1988, fi gure 2; plete ly covered this outcrop a nd w e could numbers are his collecting sites). Our local­ find no trace of it. ity is approximate ly the same as JW 288. Beneath the Angostura Formation lies the Viche Formation, which has no fossil mollusks in it. The conta ct is highly irregu­ related to another Gatun species (not E. lar, with many burrows extending from the thompsoni Wo odring, as in dicated by Angostura down into the indurated clay of Olsson). H e also listed Typhis alatus Sow­ the Viche beds. The majority of the best­ erby from the Picade ros [ ~ Onzole) For­ pre se rve d fossils lie just above this contact. mation, w hich overlies the Angostura on The Angostura Formation presumably the R io Santiago. This long-ranging latter represents a lrangression over the semi­ species occurs throughout the Caribbean lithified beds of the Viche Formation. The from the Middle Miocene of the Dominican contact with the overlying Onzole Forma­ Republic to the Early Pliocene Gatun For­ tion is gradational and probably represents mation. The only other muricid species, the natura l deepening of the basin. describe d herein as Ceratostoma (Mi cro­ rhytis) ecuadorium, is most closely related The Angostura muricid fauna is rich to C. (M .) pecki (Emerson ), described from ne ither in numbers of species nor in indi­ Middle Miocene (N 13- 14) bed s in the Is­ viduals . However, as the oldest fauna in thmus of Tehuantepec, Me xico. the transgressive sequence that culminates The locality at Punta Verde was origi­ in the rich muricid fauna of the Esmeraldas nally discovered by Roger Bristow and Be ds, it is of interest to see the make-up of J ohn Whittaker , of the Briti sh Geological the shallow-wate r facie s. In the same area Su rvey and the British Museum (Natural today the re are living the descendants of History), De pa rtment of Palaeontology, re­ just one of these species , Eu pleura olssoni, spectively. They told William a nd Lois Pitt n. sp. No longer is there any species that about the locali ty and, togethe r with Mr. can be related to Haustellum polynemati­ and Mrs. Pitt, my husband a nd I first vis­ cus, Typhis alatus, or Ceratostoma (Micro­ ited P unta Verd e in 1986. There we found rhytis) ecuadorium, n. sp. No. 4 Muricidae of Angostura Formation, Ecuador Ill Text-figure 6. Contact of Angostura Formation on older Viche Formation, Punta Verde, Ecuador. Text-figure 7. Closeup of Viche-Angostura contact, showing irregular contact (most of the gastropods in this photograph are living specimens of Littorina, but one can see peb­ bles and shells near the basal contact of the Angostura Formation). 112 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 22 III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS gilli (Maury)]. Murex (Haustellum) polynematicus Brown and The greatest thanks are extended to Pilsbry. VOKES, 1988, Tulane Stud. Geo!. both C. Roger Bristow, British Geological Paleont., v. 21, no. 1, p.17, pl. l, fig. 6. Survey, and John E.
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