Computer-Assisted Legal Research Bibliography, 1 Computer L.J

The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

Volume 1 Issue 1 Computer/Law Journal Article 13

1978

Computer-Assisted Legal Research Bibliography, 1 Computer L.J. 441 (1978)

Steven I. Smith

Barbara A. Custer

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Recommended Citation Steven I. Smith & Barbara A. Custer, Computer-Assisted Legal Research Bibliography, 1 Computer L.J. 441 (1978)

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This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UIC Law Open Access Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law by an authorized administrator of UIC Law Open Access Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Steven I. Smith* and BarbaraA. Custer**

INTRODUCTION References contained herein are to articles and other materials which discuss the issue of computer-assisted legal research (CALR). Because of the avalanche of materials being published on computerized information retrieval and related issues, it has been necessary to limit the scope of this bibliography by excluding from the collection all articles and materials - on general, non-legal information retrieval - on retrieval of patents, trademarks and title records - on jurimetrics and judicial decision theory - on legislative bill drafting and other non-CALR legislative information retrieval systems - not in English Each entry has been double-checked to insure accuracy. Ob- scure references have been located and numerous unpublished works have been tracked down. Many authors were personally con- tacted to obtain the correct citations to their articles, or to references cited in their articles. Yet, despite all precautions, it is possible that there are errors and omissions in this listing. Because this issue will be supplemented periodically, it is requested that any corrections or additions be sent to Michael D. Scott, Esq., c/o Smaltz & Neelley, 523 West Sixth Street, Suite 440, Los Angeles, Cal- ifornia 90014. (If the reference is to a publication not generally available in university libraries, it would be of substantial assistance if a copy of the article or the table of contents of the book or periodical containing the article was included.)

* B.A. 1976, University of California at Los Angeles. Mr. Smith is currently a third-year law student at Southwestern University School of Law, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, and is Associate Editor of the Computer/Law Journal. ** B.A. 1976, Trinity College, Washington, D.C.; J.D. 1977, Southwestern Univer- sity School of Law, Los Angeles, California. COMPUTER/LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 1

ORGANIZATION The entries in the Bibliography are subdivided into four sec- tions. This was done to enable the user who is looking for specific types of materials, e.g., law review articles, newspaper articles, etc. to more quickly locate those references. The first grouping contains references to all articles printed in legal publications. The second contains all "Notes" and "Com- ments" done by law students. The third collects all legal materials which do not fall within the first two categories. The last section contains references to non-legal materials, i.e., articles contained in electronics, computer or business journals, as well as in newspapers and magazines of general circulation.

I. ARTICLES Abeson, The Application of Information Retrieval Techniques to the Legal Literature Pertaining to the Education of Handicapped Children, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 274 (1970). Adams, Lawyer's Introduction to Computers, 52 JUDICATURE 99 (1968). Adams, The Move Forward: Modern Data Management in the Courts, 23 U. FLA. L. REV. 250, 251-52 (1971). Aitken, Campbell & Morgan, Computersfor Lawyers: A Summary, 6 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 58 (1973). Alan, The Computer Scene in the USA, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 184 (1970). Allen, A Language-Normalization Approach to Information Re- trieval in Law, 9 JURIMETRICS J. 41 (1968). Allen, Beyond Document Retrieval Toward Information Retrieval, 47 MINN. L. REV. 713 (1963). Allen, Computer Systems for Research, in THE LAw OF COMPUTERS 101 (G. Holmes & C. Norville eds. 1971). Allen, Logic, Law and Dreams, 52 LAw Lm. J. 131 (1959). Allen, Brooks & James, Storage and Retrieval of Legal Information: Possibilitiesof Automation, 2 MULL 68 (1960). Alpsten, An Information System for Use in the Preparationof Legis- lation and Documentation of Case Law in Sweden, 6 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 63 (1973). Alpsten, System for Legislative Procedure and Case Law, in IBI-ICC WORLD CONF. ON INFORMATICS IN Gov'T 4 (1972). Amanti, KWIC Law Memoranda Retrieval, 9 LAw OFF. ECON. & MANAGEMENT 379 (1969). Anderson, Streamlining the Legal Work in Scotland, 3 LAw & COM- PUTER TECH. 114 (1970). Andrews, The Application of Random Access Techniques to Case 19781 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Law, in PRoc. ABA PAT., T.M. & COPYRIGHT SEC. SYMP. ON IN- FORMATION RETRIEVAL, ST. Louis, Mo., at 228 (Aug. 6, 1961). Anthione, Report of the Committee on Legal Research, ABA SEC. ON TAX. J. 225 (1958). Appenzeller, Landau & Sprowl, Online Information Retrievalfor the Legal Profession: A Panel, 70 LAw LIB. J. 532 (1977). Asman, OBAR: Ohio State Bar Automated Research, in ABA, AuTo- MATED LAw RESEARCH 43 (R. May ed. 1973), reprinted in ABA DEPT. OF STATE & LOCAL BAR ASSNS., Special Issue: Computers and the Legal Profession, June 1973, at 25. Bacon & Myers, Devils in the Office: An Appraisal, 116 SOuCrrOR's J. 312 (1972). Bailey, Lanham & Leibowitz, Mechanized Searching in the U.S. Pat- ent Office, 35 J. PAT. OFF. SoC'Y 566 (1953). Basheer, Computer Research in the Law, in COMM. OFF. ATTORNEY GENERAL, NAT'L ASS'N ATTORNEYS GENERAL, PROC. THIRD MAN- AGEMENT INST. 11 (1975). Basheer, JURIS: Justice Retrieval and Inquiry System, in ABA, Au- TOMATED LAW RESEARCH 55 (R. May ed. 1973). Beard, Cybera: The Age of Information, 19 ASCAP COPYmIGHT L. Sypn'. 117 (1971). Becker, Westlaw Unmasked! One User's Experiences, 19 LAW OFF. ECON. & MANAGEMENT 70 (1978). Benjamin, Computers and Legal Research, 26 Mo. B.J. 186 (1970). Berkeley, Miscellaneous Uses of Computers in Government Adminis- trative Agencies-Computer Use in Aid of the Decision-Making Process, in ALI-ABA, LAw AND COMPUTERS IN THE MID-SIXTIES 131 (1961). Bigelow, Automation and the Law, 6 BOSTON B.J., Sept. 1972, at 31. Bigelow, How Lawyers Can Use Computers to Practice Law-Now, 10 LAw OFF. ECON. & MANAGEMENT 250 (1969), revised and reprinted in 20 R.I.B.J., Dec. 1971, at 8. Bigelow, LITE-Legal Information Thru Electronics, 8 JURIMETRICS J., Dec. 1966, at 83. Bigelow, The Use of Computers in the Law, 24 HASTINGS L.J. 706 (1973), reprinted in 7 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 16 (1974). Bing, A Model of Legal Information Retrieval as Partof the Decision Process, 2 INFORMATICA E DiRrrro 259 (1976). Biunno, Commentary on Plowden-Wardlaw Article, 15 JURIMETRICS J. 105 (1974). Biunno, History of Electronic Methods for Legal Research, 2 MULL 99 (1960). Biunno, Remarks on Machine Searching of Legal Literature, 49 LAw LiB. J. 405 (1956). COMPUTER/LAW JOURNAL [Vol. I

Biunno, Searching Legal Literature-An Appraisal of New Methods, 46 LAw LIB. J. 110 (1953). Blaine, Computers and Legal Research, 50 CAL. ST. B.J. 100 (1975), reprinted in 80 CASE & COMMENT, Sept.-Oct. 1975, at 23. Borkowski, Cepanec, Martin, Salko & Tren, Structure and Effective- ness of the Citation Identifier (Pts. I-I1), 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 42 & 66 (1970). Bos, Holland and the Computerization of the Law: The Dutch Situa- tion Before 1967, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 119 (1970). Boucher, Mackaay & Fabien, DATUM Project, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 236 (1970). Bowker, Alberta's Institute of Law Research and Reform, 11 CAN. B.J. 341 (1968). Boyd, Law in Computers and Computers in Law: A Lawyer's View of the State of the Art, 14 ARIz. L. REV. 267 (1972). Brancaccio, EDP in the Legal Field, 5 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 2 (1972). Breton, How French Legal Texts Are Programmedfor the Computer, 2 LAw & COMPUTER TECH., Dec. 1969, at 35. Brock, Legal Research Problem, 24 DE PAUL L. REV. 827 (1975). Brosnahan, Law and Computers, 1 AUCKLAND U.L. REV., Oct. 1970, at 1. Brown, Electronic Brains and the Legal Mind: Computing the Data Computer's Collision with Law, 71 YALE L.J. 239 (1961). Buchanan & Headrick, Some Speculation About Artificial Intelli- gence and Legal Reasoning, 23 STANFORD L. REV. 40 (1970). Burhenne, An Information System for Lawyers, 1 LAw & COMPUTER TECH., Aug. 1968, at 17. Burke, Computerizing the Wisconsin Statutes, Wis. B. BULL., Oct. 1967, at 23. Burris, Keeton & Kelso, Law Schools Join the Computer Network, 3 LEARNING & LAW, Summer 1976, at 45. Caldwell, Issues in Automated Legal Research, 1 STATE COURT J. 3 (1977). Caldwell, The Use of Electronic Computersfor Information Retrieval in Medico-Legal Research, 2 MULL 146 (1960). Carlisle & Bratzel, The Way You Practice Law Will Change: A Pre- view of Law Office Economics in the Seventies: Is the Computer in Your Future Friend or Foe?, 44 FLA. B.J. 26 (1970). Chandler, Computers and Case Law, 3 RUTGERS J. COMPUTERS & L. 202 (1974). Chandler, Operation Compulex: Information Needs of the Practicing Lawyer, 2 RUTGERS J. COMPUTERS & L. 188 (1972). Chartrand, Computer-Oriented Information for the, United States Congress, 1 LAw & COMPUTER TECH., Feb. 1968, at 2. 19781 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chartrand, Redimensioning Congressional Information Support, 11 JURIMETRICS J. 165 (1971). Chasalow, The UCLA National Law and Electronics Conference, 2 MULL 102 (1960). Ciampi, A Comparative Analysis of the Different Electronic Systems for the Storage and Processing of Legal Information in Italy, in ITALIAN NAT'L REPORTS TO THE IXTH INT'L CONG. OF COMPARA- TIVE LAw 693 (1974). Cibinic, The Availability of "LITE" Materials to Non-government Users, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 207 (1970). Cobb, A Report on the Second National Conference on Automated Law Research, at Monterey, California, Oct. 18-20, 1973, 14 JURIMETRICS J. 213 (1974). Cobb, Indexing, 8 JURIMETRICS J., Mar. 1968, at 48. Cobb, Indexing-Achilles Heel of Legal Research, 3 M.U.L.L. 245 (1962). Cohen, Computerizing Legal Research, 14 JURIMETRICS J. 3 (1973). Cohen, Networks and Law Libraries: Panel Discussion, 69 LAw LIB. J. 594 (1976). Cohen, Patent Office Finds Search System Patently Unusable, 8 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 22 (1975). Cohen & Uretz, RIRA: Storage and Retrieval of Tax Law Data, 1 LAw & COMPUTER TECH., Sept. 1968, at 2. Committee on Computerized Research, Bar Ass'n of Baltimore City, Survey on the Status of Computerized Legal Research in the United States, 15 JURIMETRICS J. 93 (1974). Cooley, The Computer-An Indispensible Aid to Statutory Revision and Drafting, 38 PA. B.A.Q. 310 (1967). Council on Library Resources, Reports on Legal Research Projects, 5 M.U.L.L., Mar. 1964, at 32. Covey, Information Retrieval in Law: Problems and Progress with Legal Computers, 67 DICK. L. REV. 353 (1963). David, Seventh Conference on the Law of the World, 8 LAw & COM- PUTER TECH. 133 (1975). Davidson, Babcock & Lesky, Computers and FederalRegulation, 21 AD. L. REV. 287 (1969). Davis, Automatic Data Processingand the Judge Advocate General's Corps., 23 Mim. L. REV. 117 (1964). Davis, Let There be LITE: Legal Information Through Electronics, 8 JURIMETRICS J., Dec. 1966, at 118. Davis, LITE (Legal Information Through Electronics), 6 A.F. JAG BULL., July-Aug. 1964, at 5. Davis, LITE: Legal Information Through Electronics, 6 M.U.L.L. 138 (1965). Davis, The LITE System, 8 A.F. JAG L. REV., Nov.-Dec. 1966, at 6. COMPUTER/LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 1

Dee & Kessler, Impact of Computerized Methods on Legal Research Courses: A Survey of LEXIS Experience and Some Probable Ef- fects of WESTLAW, 69 LAw LIB. J. 164 (1976). Dellinger, Computerized Trademark Law Retrieval System in France, 66 TRADEMARK REP. 524 (1976). Dennis, Shall We Put the Law into the Computer?, 1 LAw & COM- PUTER TECH., Jan. 1968, at 25, reprinted in 10 LAw OFF. ECON. & MANAGEMENT 259 (1969). Dennis, Status of American Bar FoundationResearch on Automatic Indexing-Searching Computer System, 6 M.U.L.L. 131 (1965). Dickerson, Developments in the United States, in PROC. COMPUTERS & LAw CONF. 11 (D. Johnston ed. 1968). Dickerson, The Difficult Choice Between "And" and "Or," 46 A.B.A.J. 310 (1960). Dickerson, Electronic Computers and the PracticalLawyer, 14 J. LE- GAL EDUC. 485 (1962). Dickerson, Electronic Law Searching, 2 MULL 97 (1960). Dickerson, The Electronic Searching of Law, 47 A.B.A.J. 902 (1961). Dickerson, First National Conference on Automated Law Research: Report to Economics Committee, 13 JURIMETRICS J. 14 (1972). Dickerson, A Legal Document Retrieval System for the Federal Avia- tion Agency, 6 M.U.L.L. 191 (1965). Dickerson, National Conference on Automated Law Research, Legal Econ. News, May 1972, at 5. Dickerson, Some Jurisprudential Implications of Electronic Data Processing, 28 LAw & CONTEMP. PROB. 53 (1963). Dietemann, LITE in Action, 8 A.F. JAG L. REV., Nov.-Dec. 1966, at 20. Dietemann, Using LITEfor Research Purposes, 8 A.F. JAG L. REV., Nov.-Dec. 1966, at 11. Duckworth, Use of LITE-A Common Responsibility 14 A.F. JAG L. REV. 10 (1972). Duggan, Review of Fels and Jacobs, Linguistic Statistics of Legal Indexing, 6 M.U.L.L. 56 (1965). Elardo, A Case for Computers in Law Practice, 17 CLEV.-MAR. L. REV. 552 (1968). Eldridge, The American Bar Foundation Project, 6 M.U.L.L. 129 (1965). Eldridge, An Appraisal of a Case Law Retrieval Project, in PROC. COMPUTERS & LAw CONF. 49 (D. Johnston ed. 1968). Eldridge & Dennis, The Computer as a Tool for Legal Research, 28 LAw & CONTEMP. PROB. 78 (1963). Eldridge & Dennis, Report of Status of the Joint American Bar Foun- dation-IBM Study of Electronic Methods Applied to Legal Infor- mation Retrieval, 4 M.U.L.L. 27 (1963). Eldridge, Workshop Summaries-Search Strategy as a Function of 19781 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Research Goal, in ABA, SENSE & SYSTEMS IN AUTOMATED LAW RESEARCH 167 (R. May ed. 1975). Elkins, Legislature and Data Processing, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 281 (1970). Ellis, Human Factors Aspects of Computer-assistedLaw Searching, in ABA, SENSE & SYSTEMS N AUTOMATED LAW RESEARCH 147 (R. May ed. 1975). Elmaleh, Indexes and Computers, in ABA, SENSE & SYSTEMS N Au- TOMATED LAW RESEARCH 35 (R. May ed. 1975). Elmaleh, Project CALM (Computer Application to Legal Methodol- ogy), 9 JURIMETRICS J. 23 (1968). Elmaleh & Martin, Open Meeting Discussion, in ABA, SENSE & SYS- TEMS IN AUTOMATED LAW RESEARCH 65 (R. May ed. 1975). Emard & Staenberg, An Overview of Computerized Legal Informa- tion Systems-An Update, 10 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 2 (1977). Fabry, Computerized Transfer of Legal Information Between Na- tions-Possibilitiesand Necessities, 10 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 56 (1977). Fay, Computers and the Law, 40 CLEV. B.J. 108 (1969). Fay, Full Text Information Retrieval, 64 LAW LiB. J. 167 (1971), reprinted in 53 J. PAT. OFF. SOC'Y 609 (1971). Farley, Impact of Information Retrieval on Law Libraries, 11 U. KAN. L. REV. 331 (1963). Fels & Jacobs, Linguistic Statistics of Legal Indexing, 24 U. Prr. L. REV. 771 (1963). Fiordalisi, Panel Discussion: Progressand Problems in the Applica- tion of Electronic Data Processing Systems to Legal Research, 2 MULL 174 (1960). Fiordalisi, Panel Discussion:Possibilities of Innovations in Research Methodsfor Law, 53 LAw LiB. J. 346 (1960). Fiordalisi & Marke, Project Law Search Committee Report, 56 LAW LiB. J. 41 (1963). Flavin, Computerized Legal Retrieval in New York, in ABA, AUTO- MATED LAW RESEARCH 49 (R. May ed. 1973), reprinted in ABA Dept. of State & Local Bar Ass'ns., Special Issue: Computers and the Legal Profession, June 1973, at 17. Ford & Houdek, Automated Legal Research at the Los Angeles County Law Library, 53 L.A.B.J., July 1977, at 46. Forget, Lavel University Case Law Project, in PROC. COMPUTERS & LAW CoNF. 96 (D. Johnston ed. 1968). Fraenkel, All About the Response Retrieval Project You Always Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask, 2 INFORMATICA E DIR- rrro 362 (1976), reprinted in 16 JURIMETRICS J. 149 (1976). Fraenkel, Seven Centuries on Tape, 1 LAW & COMPUTER TECH., Feb. 1968, at 8. COMPUTER/LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 1

Franz, Computerized Law Retrieval: Present and Future, 35 U. Mo. K.C. L. REV. 219 (1967). Freed, Computer Law Searching-A Potential Barrier to the Lay- man's Direct Access to the Law Books, 34 UNAUTH. PRAc. NEWS, Spring 1968, at 6. Freed, Importance of a Systems Approach to Mechanized Legal Research, in PRoc. ABA PAT., T.M. & COPYRIGHT SEC. SYMP. ON INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, ST. Louis, Mo., at 179 (Aug. 6, 1961). Freed, Lawyers-Computers at Your Service, 9 YALE L. REP., Fall 1962, at 26. Freed, Legal Research with Computer Help, 34 PA. B.A.Q. 489 (1963). Freed, Machine Data Processing Systems for the Trial Lawyer, 6 PRAC. LAW., Apr. 1960, at 73. Freed, Prepare Now for Machine-assisted Legal Research, 47 A.B.A.J. 764 (1961). Freed, Pushbutton Research: Automation in the Law Library, 24 SHINGLE 11 (1961). Frost, Verifying Citations by Computers at LCP/BW, 8 LAw & COM- PUTER TECH. 58 (1975). Fuld, Computers in the Law, 40 N.Y. ST. B.J. 230 (1968). Furth, Automated Information Retrieval-A State of the Art Report, 6 M.U.L.L. 189 (1965). Furth, Computer Uses in the Law Office, 49 ORE. L. REV. 217 (1970). Furth, Data Base Creation as a By-product of the Publishing Process, in ABA, SENSE & SYSTEMS IN AUTOMATED LAW RE- SEARCH 139 (R. May ed. 1975). Furth, STAIRS: An Interactive Full-text Retrieval System, in ABA, AUTOMATED LAW RESEARCH 19 (R, May ed. 1973). Furth, STAIRS-A User-orientedFull-text Retrieval System, 5 LAW & COMPUTER TECH. 114 (1972). Gallazia, Mollame & Bardone, Some Theoretical Considerationsand an Experimental Approach to the Problem of Legal Information Retrieval, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 133 (1970). Gardner, Uniform System of Indexing, 2 MULL 38 (1960). Garland, Computers and the Law in the 1980's, 8 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 62 (1975). Garland, Computers and the Legal Profession, 1 HOFSTRA L. REV. 43 (1973), expanded and reprinted in 8 LAW & COMPUTER TECH. 62 (1975). Garland, A New Directionfor Legal Research, in PRoc. COMPUTERS & LAW CONF. 67 (D. Johnston ed. 1968). Gaudet, Computerized Retrieval of European Community Legal Material, 3 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 203 (1970). Gazell, An Overdue Revolution Deferred: Researching the Law, 1972 UTAH L. REV. 22. 19781 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gazell, A Stalled Upheaval: A Quantitative Analysis of Legal Re- search Models, 8 NEW ENGLAND L. REV. 1 (1972). Gibbs & Adams, A Report on the Second National Law and Electron- ics Conference, 3 M.U.L.L. 215 (1962). Ginnow, The West Computer-assistedLegal Retrieval System, 8 LAw & COMPUTER TECH. 82 (1975). Goldman & Jahnige, Eastonian Systems Analysis and Legal Research, 2 RuT.-CAM. L.J. 285 (1970). Goodman, Accounting & Auditing, Automated Research-A Progress Report, 15 JURIMETRICS J. 120 (1974). Goshien, Information Science Techniques for Legal Searching, 21 CLEV. ST. L. REV. 30 (1972). Gottschalk, Address of Kurt Gottschalk, President of the First Inter- ional Congress on the Computer and the Law, held on October, 8-9, 1973, in Strasbourg, 14 JURIMETRICS J. 231 (1974). Grant, Can You Find Relevant Cases in Less Than Thirty Seconds? Kansas' Approach Toward Computerized Legal Research, 44 KAN. B.A.J. 151 (1975). Grant, Effective Utilization of the LEXIS System, 2 LE COURT, No. 1, -at 15 (1977). Greenbaum, Computers, Copyrights, and the Law Prior to Revision, 15 BULL. COPYRIGHT SOc'Y 164 (1968). Greene, Automated Data-processing Speeds an Entire Range of Le- gal Record-keeping and Retrieval Functions, 1 LAw & COMPUTER TECH., Mar. 1968, at 11. Greguras, An Approach to Evaluating the Cost and Benefits of Con- verting Nebraska Case Law into Computer-readable Form, 18 JURimETmCS J. 80 (1977). Greguras, The Eyes of Texas Are Upon LEXIS: Computer-assisted Legal Research, 17 S. TEx. L.J. 349 (1976). Grossman, Conflict and Compromise in the Criminal Courts: New Directions in Legal Research, 11 CRIM. L.Q. 292 (1969). Grossman, Henke & Taylor, Law Library Consortium Data Base Components and Standards Study Group Report, 70 LAw LiB. J. 74 (1977). Groton, Information Storage and Retrieval-Statute Law, in 2 PRoc. U. SYDNEY INST. OF CRIMINOLOGY, COMPUTERS AND THE LAWYER 38 (1968). Grunbaum, Search Criteria as Boolean Functions, 8 JURIMETRICS J., Dec. 1966, at 86. Gullickson, Lawyering Systems, 4 U. TOLEDO L. REV. 391 (1972). Haley, Legislative Information System, 6 M.U.L.L. 93 (1965). Halladay, Legal Research with Westlaw, 61 A.B.A.J. 1414 (1975). Hamann, Comments on the Copyright Aspects of Automatic Informa- COMPUTER/LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 1

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