Mark Rothko. Houston Author(S): Stephen Polcari Source: the Burlington Magazine, Vol
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Mark Rothko. Houston Author(s): Stephen Polcari Source: The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 139, No. 1132 (Jul., 1997), pp. 505-507 Published by: Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/887531 Accessed: 20-11-2015 23:29 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Burlington Magazine. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.62.12.156 on Fri, 20 Nov 2015 23:29:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions EXHIBITION REVIEWS 72. Collageno.2, by Robert Motherwell. 1945. Paper and oil on carton, 55.1 by 37.3 cm.(National Museumof Ameri- can Art, Washington; exh.Centro de Arte ReinaSofia, Madrid). 73. Thehomely protestant(Bust), by RobertMotherwell. 1947-48.76.2 by 61 cm. (Private collection; exh. Centro de Arte Reina Sofia,Madrid). convulsions of the last years as The Hollow ence than did abstract expressionism. The Houston Men (FromT.S. Eliot)(1983) and Thegolden trouble begins when they are allied to the Mark Rothko bough (1986).4 At every stage Motherwell frequently derivative nature of Mother- had an exquisite colour sense. Although his well's vision. When he was most open about 1996 was the twenty-fifth anniversary of palette was limited (I counted only one use his sources, as in the early rectilinear works one of the most ambitious and ambivalently of green in the entire show), it was never that dramatise Mondrian's towering legacy, successful projects in post-War art, the monotonous. Nor does it seem to relate to the results are strongest. Elsewhere, the Houston Chapel for Human Development, the sensibility of his abstract expressionist debts to Still, Newman, Pollock, de Koon- popularly known as the Rothko Chapel. colleagues. Instead, the earthy harmonies ing, colour-field painting, hard-edge The chapel was the focus of Mark Rothko's vivified by the occasional swathe of orange abstraction and even, one surmises, modish last years of work before he committed sui- or sky blue and structured by black and 1980s neo-expressionism in the final years, cide in 1970. Seen as the climax of his white itself perhaps evince more affinity weigh against Motherwell's bid to join the career and following two earlier series - with, for example, late Braque (Fig.72). One first ranks of his time. Then again, he was projects for the Seagram Building, New wonders if Motherwell just longed to never far behind the frontlines. As this exhi- York (1958-60) and for Harvard University indulge in peinturepeinture (Fig.73). Then the bition proved with profuse evidence and (1961-62) - the Rothko Chapel consists of poetry could have taken care of itself. Yet he gusto, that was no mean feat. fourteen abstract paintings in a building was born into the wrong time and place to DAVIDANFAM inspired by the Church of Santa Fosca on let this happen. Torcello near Venice, a favourite building Consider the titles mentioned above. In 'Previously at the Fundaci6 Antoni Tapies, of Rothko's.1 Barcelona (13thNovember 1996 to 12thJanuary a famous statement, Motherwell once Reaction to the chapel has always been remarked that car- 1997);the show opened in Madridon 5thMarch. mixed. It was intended to be about or 'every intelligent painter Dore Ashton,Norbert light, ries the whole culture of in 2Motherwell.Essays by Lynton modern painting and FranciscoCalvo Serraller,and an annotatedcata- rather, about secularly sacred, inner illumi- his head' and this might almost be his own logue by Joan Banach.276 pp. incl. 79 col. pls. + nation, sacred space and sacred architec- epitaph, albeit in a rather less than positive numerousb. & w. ills. (Fundaci6Antoni Tipies, ture. However, while it is striking in its sense. Certainly the Pollock myth of an Barcelona,and Museo Nacional Centro de ArteReina austere meditativeness, the brilliant light of uncouth genius recklessly flinging out ges- Sofia,Madrid, 1996), $60. ISBN 84-88786-14-X (HB). Texas washes out the paintings in a raking exhibitionvenues are the Marsh Art turalist masterpieces should not be raised as 3The Gallery, incandescence for much of the day. Rothko a stick with which to beat down Mother- University of Richmond (September- November the of andthe of Universi- always preferred half-darkness gothic well's On the other 1997) Spencer Museum Art, so that his seem to intellectuality. hand, of interiors, paintings merge there looms the real threat of the artist as the ty Kansas, Lawrence(March- May 1998). Robert with or out of the Texas Motherwellon Edited emerge dusk; Hamlet of his elo- Paper:Drawings, Prints, Collages. by generation: endlessly DavidRosand, with essays by DavidRosand, Arthur chapel thus seems most frustrating. quent, hyper-sensitive and, too often, C. Danto,Stephen Addiss and MaryAnn Caws.208 It was important that Rothko was able to stymied as a painter by a mind that indeed pp. incl. 136 col. pls. + 33 b. & w. ills. (HarryN. help determine the architectural layout and carried the whole culture of the West within Abrams,Inc., in associationwith the Miriamand Ira thus, the environment for his paintings. The it. In other words, for 'painting' read Eliot, D. WallachArt Gallery,Columbia University, New chapel was an attempt to realise in architec- Frazer, Kierkegaard, Plato, Melville, Bau- York,1997), $60. ISBN 0-8109-4294-1 (PB). ture and a 'a modern mentionshould be made of Banach's light special place, delaire, Joyce, Kafka, Zen, existentialism, 4Special Joan sanctuary'. In keeping with his subject mat- scrupulousand informative documentation in the cat- Spain, Lorca, Lascaux and so on. The list ter throughout his life, Rothko sought to need not be enumerated further because alogueentries. make a numinous that a sacred 5In1978 I wroteto Motherwellwith a researchques- space, is, Motherwell did so for us.5 divorced from the and from tion about the 'Subjectsof the Artist'group. To my sur- place profane Allusions of this kind are not in them- priseand delight he repliedwith a seven-hundredword everyday life. After passing through a selves worrying, especially since few styles of letter.This was entirelytypical of his style and the threshold (Rothko originally hoped for a art have sought a broader frame of refer- antithesisof thatof histight-lipped contemporaries. long entryway to the chapel) the visitor was 505 This content downloaded from 129.62.12.156 on Fri, 20 Nov 2015 23:29:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions EXHIBITION REVIEWS work - Richard Etlin observes that there is absence, subjects that evoke the tragic sub- 'not merely the absence of light but rather lime without relief. In this room, Anfam the presence of a dark light, existing in its chose several canvases that illustrated both own right'.2 Form and formlessness join, Rothko's dampening down of his famous creating an unintentional debate with Bar- coloured light to one orange or dark white nett Newman and with Ad Reinhardt's bar, and the virtual extermination of his black paintings, by which Rothko was influ- earlier liveliness of brushwork and vitality of enced. inner squares and edge. Newman's Broken obelisk of 1963-67 This room was followed by one that pro- stands in a reflective pool outside the vided the compositional basis for Rothko's chapel. This sculpture turns unadorned triptychs in a study for the Seagram mural Egyptian funerary symbols of closure, con- series of 1958-59 (Sketchfor 'Mural No.7'; tainment and death - a pyramid and an no.1). This study sets up a wider and nar- obelisk - into an upward-thrusting and rower exposition of bands that, incidentally, open flow, matching and transfiguring make up the structure of the chapel. The metaphysical darkness. Newman also room also contained the first, more vertical- changes his generation's concern with frag- ly squared canvases and hard forms which ment - with 'brokenness' - into aspiration continued the effects of the first room. and hope, although not triumph. Like New- Gradually these darker, more absolute, and man's obelisk, Rothko's paintings turn more renunciatory pictorial effects took 74.No.2, by MarkRothko. 1963. Mixed media, 203.8 spiritual 'darkness' to inwardness, but not, over completely in the next room, which by 175.6cm. (Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; exh. as in Newman's case, transfiguration. The held seven of the 'black forms' (nos. 10-16), Menil Collection, Houston). chapel is used for different religious services Rothko's most Reinhardt-like canvases. and personal ceremonial events, which Here the inner square expands almost to the to enter a special realm of inner states of recall Rothko's early works such as Ceremoni- edge of the canvas, and begins to create the being. The chapel, and Rothko's paintings, al and the Sacrficeseries of the mid-40s. (Sig- piping effect of the chapel. However, all but pared away the indulgences of conventional nificantly, the word to 'sacrifice' means in its one of the canvases contain horizontal rec- ornamentation of architecture and figura- Latin roots to make sacred.) And, for all its tangles on a darker field, that is, they tion. In their place, the artist sought a prim- Christian shapes stripped of obvious icono- become plain and staunch, increasingly itive elementariness with stucco walls in an graphic references, the chapel is ecumenical geometric and primitive like an unadorned octagonal space, in feeling both classical and used for many different religious rites.