Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment- Aden Governorate
Contents Section 1: Housing Rental Market Assessment ...... 1 1. Demographic Details ...... 1 1.1Targeted Districts ...... 1 1.2 Gender (Landlords / Tenants) ...... 2 1.3 Tenants Characteristics ...... 2 1.4 Household Age Category ...... 2 2. Details of the Rented Housing ...... 3 2.1 Type of Housing (Tenant / Landlord’s) ...... 3 2.2 Rent to IDPs ...... 4 2.3 Housing Status ...... 4 2.4 Materials used for the Ceiling of the Housing ...... 5 2.5 Number of Rooms in the Housing ...... 5 2.6 Privacy of the Housing: ...... 6 2.7 Availability of Toilets in the Housing ...... 6 2.8 Type of Sanitation System ...... 7 2.9 Suitability of Housing/area for People with Special Needs ...... 8 2.10 Source of Lighting ...... 8 2.11 Fuel used for cooking ...... 8 2.12 The source of Drinking Water ...... 9 3 Access to Housing ...... 9 3.1 Transfer from Former Residence (Geographical Area) ...... 9 3.2 Choosing the Governorate for Housing ...... 10 3.3 Difficulties in obtaining Housing and stability ...... 10 3.4 Key Actors in the Leasing Market and Access to the Housing ...... 12 3.5 Stability in the Housing ...... 13 4. Rent and Key Factors in the Rental Market ...... 14 4.1 The rental period of the housing ...... 14 4.2 Renting Agreements ...... 14 4.3 Services in the Governorate ...... 15 4.4 Rent Payment methods ...... 15 4.5 Source of income to pay the rent ...... 16 4.6 Paying the Rent ...... 16 4.7 Rent Increase and Stability ...... 17 4.8 The Income of the Partners in the Housing ...... 18 5. Housing Improvement and Accessing Assistance ...... 19 Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment- Aden Governorate
5.1 Housing Improvement ...... 19 5.2 Accessing Assistance ...... 19 6 Taking Advantage and Participating in Support Programs: ...... 20 6.1 Show Property Documents: ...... 20 6.2 Method of Receiving Rental Funding: ...... 20 6.3 Preparing for Participation: ...... 20 Section 2: Host Community Capacity Assessment ...... 20 .1 Housing’ Capacity and Rent Value ...... 20 2. Community Hosting IDPs ...... 21 .3 The Relationships between IDPs and the Hosting Community ...... 23 3.1 Feeling Safe and Freedom of Movement in the Neighborhood ...... 23 3.2 Tenants / IDPs Relationship with Landlords...... 23 3 Community Based Organizations ...... 24 4 Financial Points (Exchangers and Remittance Agents)...... 24 5 Voucher Based Suppliers...... 24 6 Local Authorities ...... 24 7 Conclusion ...... 24 Summary of Assessment ...... 26 Annexes: ...... 27 Annex (1): Targeted Districts Map ...... 27 Annex (2): Community Based Organizations ...... 27 Annex (3): Financial points (Exchangers and remittance agents)...... 27 Annex (4): Voucher based suppliers...... 27 Annex (5): Local Authorities ...... 27 Annex (6): Housing Capacity Map ...... 27 Index ...... 28 Section 1: CBOs ...... 28 Section 2: Financial points (Exchangers and remittance agents)...... 28 Section 3: Voucher based suppliers ...... 28
Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment- Aden Governorate
Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment- Aden Governorate
Introductions
Introduction General Information about the Governorate: Aden Governorate covers an area of 1,114 km2 (430 sq. mi). Its population, according to the 2004 Yemeni census, is “589,419”. The number of IDPs in this Governorate has reached (50,178) according to TEPM (Task Force on Population Movement Yemen)| 17th Report - August 2018. What is the Objective of this Assessment?
The Preparedness Assessment is guided by a number of objectives. The main objective is to support Clusters’ priority preparedness activities through providing an independent preparedness assessment about “Housing Rental Market Assessment and Host Community Capacity Assessment”. What is the Source of the Data?
The assessment uses primary data which is collected through qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative methods are key informant interviews (KII) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). For the quantitative data collection, a set of tools have been developed, specifically the landlords’ questionnaire, the tenants’ questionnaire, the exchange and remittance agents’ questionnaire, CBOs questionnaire, NFI/Shelter suppliers’ questionnaire, and the local authority questionnaire. The Geographical Coverage in Aden Governorate
The districts distributed among the targeted sample of Aden Governorate are eight: Attawahi, Dar Sad, KhurMaksar, Al Buraiqeh, Al Mansura, Al Mualla, Ash Shaikh Outhman, and Syrah/ Kryter.
Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment- Aden Governorate
Section 1: Housing Rental Market Assessment 1. Demographic Details 1.1Targeted Districts This assessment covers the following eight districts of Aden Governorate: Al Buraiqeh, Al Mua’alla, Al manswrah, Al Twahi, Al Shikh Othman, Dar Sa’ad, KhurMaksar, and Syrah/ Kryter. Figure (1) shows the distribution of tenants in the eight districts of Aden.
Figure (1): District/ Tenants
13.2%
12.7% 12.7% 12.7% 12.7%
12.2% 12.2%
11.7%
Al Buraiqeh Al Mualla Almnsawrh Altwahy Ash Shaikh Dar Sad Khur Maksar Sayrh_ Krytr Outhma
The distribution percentage of landlords in the eight districts of Aden is illustrated in Figure (2).
Figure(2): District/ Landlord
14.8%
12.3% 12.3% 12.4% 12.3% 12.3% 12.4% 11.2%
Al Buraiqeh Altwahy Ash Shaikh Al Mualla Almnsawrh Khur Maksar Dar Sad Sayrh Outhma
1 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate
1.2 Gender (Landlords / Tenants) Figure (3) shows that, according to the tenants’ sample analysis, 65.4% of tenants are males and 34.6% are females. As for landlords’ gender, 87.7% are males and 12.3% are females Figure (4). Figure(3):Gender/ Tenant Figure (4): Gender/Landlord Female, Female, 12.3% 34.6%
Male, 65.4% Male, 87.7%
1.3 Tenants Characteristics The analysis reveals that 64.4% of the tenants’ sample in Aden Governorate are local residents, 35.1% are IDPs, and 0.5% are refuges (Figure5). The analysis also shows that 5.4% of the tenants’ sample have family members with special needs (Figure. 6).
Figure (5) :Tenant status Figure (6) :Having family members 0.5% with special needs
5.4% 35.1%
64.4% 94.6%
Refugee IDP Local resident Yes No 1.4 Household Age Category The analysis (Table 1) illustrates the tenants’ age category in the target districts. The age categories of tenants are: 46.6% over 18 years to 55 years, and 33.7% over 5 years to 18 years, 15.6% less than 5 years old, and 3.85% of family members over 55 years. And according to the results of the analysis, the gender of the tenants is 47.44% males and 52.56% females. These results reveal the magnitude of suffering endured by the greater part of the household which are women and children, especially for IDPs. Table (1): Age and Gender of Tenant and their Families Gender under 5 years From 5 to 18 More than 18 – 55 Total years years Older than 55 years number % number % number % number % number % Male 78 41.71 203 50.37 269 48.29 16.00 34.78 566 47.44 Female 109 58.29 200 49.63 288 51.71 30 65.22 627 52.56 Total 187 100 403 100 557 100 46 100 1193 100. % within 15.6% 33.7% 46.6% 3.85% 100% age HHs Households
2 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2. Details of the Rented Housing 2.1 Type of Housing (Tenant / Landlord’s) The analysis of tenants’ sample indicates that 53.2% live in flats, 40.5% in independent housing, 3.4% in tents, 2% in a room in a shared housing, and 1% live in huts (Figure7).
Figure (7) :Housing type / Tenant
53.2%
40.5%
3.4% 2% 1%
Independent house Flat A room in a house Tent Hut
As for the landlords’ sample (Figure 8), the analysis shows that 52.44% of tenants live in flats, 43.9% independent housing, 2.44% converted commercial property (store), and 1.22% independent room in a shared housing. This indicates that the predominant types of housing in the Governorate of Aden are flats and independent housing.
Figure (8):Housing type/ Landlord
52.44%
43.9%
1.22% 2.44%
independent house Flat a room in a house Converted commercial property The qualitative analysis of the FGDs (male and female) and KII shows that housing available for rent in the Governorate are flats, independent housing, furnished flats, and huts.
3 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2.2 Rent to IDPs The analysis shows that 59.3% of the landlords’ sample agree to rent to IDPs, while 40.7% are hesitant. (Figure.9).
Figure (9): Have you recently rented for IDPs/ Landlord's
don't know , 40.7%
Yes, 59.3%
The assessment of the landlords’ analysis reveals that 78.35% of IDPs live in rented housing in exchange for cash, 9.28% collective centers (IDPs Hosting Sites), 4.12% abandoned areas, 4.13% rented housing in exchange for work (working for landlords), and 2.06% live in tents (Figure. 10).
Figure (10):The Majority of Housing Inhabited by IDPs/Landlord's
78.35%
9.28% 4.13% 4.12% 2.06%
Rented housing – in Collective Centers Rented housing – in informal spontaneous tent exchange for cash exchange for work settlements
2.3 Housing Status The results of the landlords’ sample analysis show that 49.3% of the housing managed by the landlords are in acceptable conditions and need simple repairs, 39.34% are in good conditions and do not need repairs, and 11.48% of the housing are in bad conditions and need considerable repairs (Figure. 11).
Figure (11): Housing status/Landlord
49.18% 39.34%
11.48%
Bad and needs repair accepted, simple repair Good .doesn’t need repair
4 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2.4 Materials used for the Ceiling of the Housing The analysis shows that 54.13% of the ceilings of rented housing are made of cement, and 37.16% are made of wood. The remaining percentage is shown in Figure (12).
Figure(12):The main materials of housing ceiling/Tenants
54.13%
37.16%
5.5% 1.83% 0.92% 0.46%
clay /sand ) (cement) (wood Plastic Sheets (Straw/ cardboar) others 2.5 Number of Rooms in the Housing The analysis (Figure 13) indicates that 41% of tenants live in rented housing that have two rooms, 26.8% one room, 21% three rooms, 9.8% four rooms, and 1.5% more than four rooms. This indicates that 67% of tenants live in small housing that do not consist of more than two rooms. The assessment also reveals that 67.8% of tenants live in small to medium housing (1-2 rooms), while the rest of the tenants live in relatively large housing. According to the index in Table 1, every three individuals share a single room (the estimate total number of the tenant family members 1193 divided by the total number of rooms 447 excluding kitchen and toilet).
Figure(13):Number of rooms in the housing (Without toilet and kitchen)/Tenants
41% 26.8% 21% 9.8% 1.5%
1 room 2 rooms 3 rooms 4 rooms Other
As previously mentioned in (Figure 5), 35.1% of the tenants are IDPs, the study shows that 65.3% of these IDPs live in one to two rooms (Figure 14).
Figure(14):Number of rooms that IDP's lives in
3-5 Rooms, 34.7%
1- 2 Rooms, 65.3%
5 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2.6 Privacy of the Housing: Figure (15) shows that 72.2% of the tenants do not share the rented housing with any member from outside their family, while 27.3% of tenants share the rented housing with people from outside the family. This result indicates the lack of privacy for these families. The analysis also reveals that 5.4% of the tenants’ sample have separate rooms for women, while 94.6% do not. These results reflect the lack of privacy in these households.
Figure (15) : Information about the Housing Privacy/Tenants
94.6%
72.7%
yes
27.3% no
5.4%
Do you share the dwelling with people not belonging to Are there separate rooms for women your family or relative
2.7 Availability of Toilets in the Housing The results of the study sample analysis (Figure 16) show that 98% of housing have a toilet, while 2% do not. The study also shows that 98% of housing have a toilet inside the housing, and 2% have a toilet outside of the housing (yard area). As for the availability of a separate toilets for women, 25% of rented housing have a separate toilet for women, whereas 75% do not have a separate toilet for women.
Figure (16) : Information about the Housing Privacy/Tenants
98% 98%
75%
25%
2% 2%
Is there a toilet / bathroom inside the Is there toilet for women Is the toilet available inside the dwelling dwelling or outside (T_22)
yes no
6 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate Figure (17) shows that 94.5% of tenants do not share the toilet with other families, whereas 5.5% of tenants share the toilet with other families. The results of the study also show the number of families sharing a toilet. 45.45% of tenants’ households shared a toilet with two other families, 18.18% with three other families, 27.27% with one other family, and 9.09% with four other families. These statistics indicate the lack of privacy that most families endure in this area.
Figure (17) :Number of families share the same toilet/Tenants 94.5%
45.45% 27.27% 18.18% 5.5% 9.09%
Yes No one family two familes Three families four families Do you share the toilet with other How many families share the same toilet families
Figure (18) shows the alternatives in Figure(18): where do the HHs discharge case of unavailability of toilets in their waste in the case of non-availability of rented housing. 75% of tenants who toilet? do not have access to toilets use the In neighbor’s outdoor area, and 25% use the toilet, 25.0% neighbors’ toilets. In the open air, 75.0% 2.8 Type of Sanitation System The analysis shows (Figure 19) that 79.5% of the tenants’ sample said the toilets in their rented housing are connected to the sewage system, 10% used covered cesspits, 6.5% air ventilated cesspits, 1% the outdoors, 0,5% cesspits that are not connected to a drainage, 0.5% dry waste as fertilizers, and 0.5% pails. These results indicate that the majority of tenants have proper sanitation system either through the public sewage system or through covered cesspits.
Figure(19): What kind of toilet are used?/Tenants
79.5%
10% 6.5% 0.5% 1.5% 0.5% 0.5% 1%
Sewage Drainage Air ventilated Covered sewer unCovered Dry discharge Pail Outside system system to a sewer hol hole sewer hole using its (Sanitation sewer hole but residues as system) without fertilizers cesspit
7 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2.9 Suitability of Housing/area for People with Figure (20):Suitability of housing Special Needs for people with special The assessment reveals that 90.9% of tenants find needs/Tenants the area comfortable for their family members Uncomfortable, with special needs, while 9.1% said it is not 9.1% comfortable (Figure. 20). However, it is common not only in this area but all over the country that there is a lack of proper accommodations and a general disregard towards the basic requirements Comforta and special facilities necessary for individuals with ble, 90.9% special needs.
2.10 Source of Lighting The study shows that 89.6% of the sample is connected to the public electricity grid, 4.05% use the solar system, 3.15% do not have a source of lighting, 0.9% candles, 0.9% domestic gas, 0.46% kerosene, and 0.45% are connected to the commercial electricity network, (Figure. 21)
Figure (21): Lighting source in the housing/Tenants
89.64%
0.45% 4.05% 0.9% 0.9% 0.46% 3.15% 0.45%
( public Grid ) (Public olar energy/ Candles Domestic gas kerosene Not Available others Network - chargeable Commercia batteries 2.11 Fuel used for cooking The analysis shows that 95.26% of the tenants’ sample use domestic cooking gas, 3.33% wood, 0.47% kerosene, 0.47% carton/animal Roth (animal waste), and 0.47% other. (Figure. 22). These results indicate that the vast majority of tenants use domestic gas for cooking, which reflects the tenants’ financial capacity. Figure(22): Type of fuel used for cooking/Tenants
95.26
0.47 3.33 0.47 0.47
Home cooking gas Kerosene Wood Carton / Animal Roth others
8 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 2.12 The source of Drinking Water The analysis reveals that 80.43% are connected to the public water network, 6.96 % use mineral water, the remaining percentage is as follows: 4.78% distribution points, 3.92% filling containers from neighbors (others), 1.74% water truck venders, 0.44% covered wells, 0.43% a faucet connected to the public grid to the housings’ yard, and 0.43% an indoor faucet connected to the public grid (Figure. 23).
Figure(23):Main source of drinking water/Tenants
80.43%
6.96% 0.43% 0.43% 0.87% 1.74% 4.78% 0.44% 3.92%
Public water Public water public faucet surface water water mineral covered well Others Grid inside Grid in the water ( dam, trucking distribution water the dwelling dwelling yard pond, point stream, irrigation canals
3 Access to Housing 3.1 Transfer from Former Residence (Geographical Area) The assessment shows that 79% of the tenants’ sample have moved from other areas, whereas 21% were local residents of the same area (Figure. 24). The tenants who moved within the Governorate are 35.1% of the tenants’ sample, and 64.9% moved from other Governorates. The Governorates that tenants have moved from are as follows: Taiz 20.7%, Al Hudaydah 18%, Abyan 10.8%, Sana’a 9.9%, Lahj 2.7%, and Al Dhalee 1.8% (Figure. 24). The analysis of the FGDs and the KII confirm that the Governorate of Aden has been receiving IDPs over the past three years especially IDPs from Taiz, Al-Hudaydah, and Sana’a, but most notably from Al-Hudaydah due to ongoing conflicts (Figure 25).
Figure(24): have you moved here Figure(25): from which Governorates the from another area?/Tenants tenants moved/Tenants 35.1%
No, 21% 18.0% 20.7% 10.8% 9.9% 1.8% 0.9% 2.7%
Yes, 79% taiz Lahj Abyan Aden sanaa Al Dhalee Hadramaut Al Hudaydah
9 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 3.2 Choosing the Governorate for Housing The analysis indicates that 16.09% of the tenants’ sample said that the reason for moving to the Governorate of Aden is for the possibility of obtaining a suitable and private housng for their families, 15.4% availability of job opportunities, 14.2% area is safe for women and girls, 12.9% ease of access to schools, 11.67% the welcoming nature of the local community, 10.7% rent is cheap, 4.7% access to health services, 4.42% large presence of other IDPs, 3.15% proximity to charitable organizations, 0.95% presence of international humanitarian organizations, and 5.67% Others (social relations and family members living in the same area) Figure 26.
Figure(26):Reasons to live longer in this Governorate/Tenants
Availability of charitable assistances 3.15%
The presence of large numbers of IDPs in the region 4.42%
Access to health facility 4.73%
close to family 5.67%
rents are cheap in the area 10.73%
welcomed by the community 11.67%
Easy access to school 12.93%
Area is safe for women and girls 14.2%
Availability of job opportunities 15.46%
family privacy Adequate is available 16.09%
Results of the FGDs (males and females) confirmed that the majority of IDPs preferred this Governorate because of safety. A large number of them mentioned economic reasons such as availability of jobs and social reasons such as availability of services and safety.
3.3 Difficulties in obtaining Housing and stability The analysis reveals that 84.4% of tenants said that they have faced difficulties in finding a housing for rent, while 15.6% did not have any difficulties (Figure. 27).
Figure (27): Did you face any difficulties to find a new housing /Tenants
No, 15.6%
Yes, 84.4%
10 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate The difficulties faced by tenants in finding housing for rent were as follows: 31.27% said it was due to the influx of large numbers of IDPs to the area, raising the demand in a limited supply market. 26.84% high rent, 15.04% inability to pay the rent, 10.92% lack of adequate housing to rent, 10.34% the family is poor, 2.06% restrictions on renting to male only tenants, 1.77% not renting to families headed by a child, and 0.88% not renting to families headed by women, and 0.59% community is unwelcoming (Figure. 28). The high demand for rented housing in a low supply market has contributed significantly on high rent value, which makes it difficult for IDPs to rent. Figure(28): Difficulties in obtaining housing for rent./Tenants
Not welcomed by the community 0.59% Because the head of the family is a woman 0.88% the head of the family is a child 1.77% Not renting for males without families(females 2.35% Lack of adequate housing 10.92% inability to pay the rent 25.38% %26.84 اHigh rent The influx of large numbers of IDPs, raising the demand… 31.27%
The results of the landlords’ analysis reveal that the housing market faces the following challenges: high demand on rented housing 23.67%, high rent costs 17.87%, unleased properties 17.39%, low supply of rental housing. 46%, inability to maintain the housing as a result of limited financial resources 4.83%, high number of individuals in the housing 4.35%, lack of variety in the housing market, the continuing movement of tenants 3.86%, and the eviction of tenants 2.9%. (Figure 29).
Figure(29): Challenges facing the rental market/Landlord's
Unavailable housing (e.g. demand exceeds available houses) 15.46% High demand for housing 23.97% High rate of non-payment / defaulting rent payment by… 1.93% High cost of rent 17.87% Lack of basic services 0.97% Evictions of tenants 2.9% Lack of Options in housing stock 4.35% Unable to repair / maintain rental properties due to… 4.83% Unable to repair / maintain rental properties due to… 0.48% Overcrowding (e.g. high # of tenants per property) 4.35% Social tension between IDPs and locals 0.97% High turnover / mobility of tenants 3.86% Landlord increasing rental payment according to rental… 0.97% Excess supply of housing (e.g. unleased properties) 17.39%
11 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate The analysis of the tenants’ sample shows that 44.4% of tenants said that it takes one month to find a housing for rent, 22.4% more than one month, 17.1% one to two weeks, and 16.1% less than a week (Figure. 30).
Figure(30): Time spent Looking For housing/Tenants
44.4%
22.4% 16.1% 17.1%
Less than a week From one week to two weeks One month More than one month
The results illustrates how landlords advertise housing for rent. 61.9% of housing are advertised through family and friends, 35.24% real estate agents, and 2.86% other (Figure. 31).
Figure(31):How the rented housing is advertised/Landlords
Through real estate agent, 38.1
Reported by friends/ relatives, 61.9
3.4 Key Actors in the Leasing Market and Access to the Housing The qualitative analysis of the data shows that the local authority plays a role in urban planning. Construction permits have to be approved by the public working office. Therefore, policies of the housing market are to some extent managed/controlled by the local authority, nevertheless, the lack of a strong State has limited that role. In terms of day-to-day activity in the housing market, the analysis shows that (neighbors/community leaders) play a key role in this area, as well as real estate agents. The quantitative analysis shows that 59.13% of housing is advertised through
Figure(32): Who helped you find this housing?/Tenants
59.13
23.48
8.26 4.35 2.17 2.61
Community leaders Landlord / Family members social media Real Estate Agents others (The tenant landlord's Agent himself)
12 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate friends and family members, 23.48% real estate agents, 8.26% community leaders, 4.35% landlords\ landlords’ agents, 2.17% social media, and 2.61% others (Figure. 32).
3.5 Stability in the Housing Figure (33) illustrates how tenants felt in regards to their rented housing and the neighborhood where they live in, as well as their expectations for the coming 12 months. 88.3% of the tenants confirmed that they are planning to stay in the same area for the coming 12 months, 8.8% are not willing to stay, and 2.9% have not yet decided.
Figure(33):Do you think of staying in this rented housing and this neighborhood for the next 12 months? /Tenants
I do not know, 2.9
No, 8.8
Yes, 88.3
Tenants who are not willing to continue to stay in their current rented housing listed the following reasons: high rent 47.37%, bad relation with landlords 7.89%, lack of privacy 7.89%, conflict zones (security) 5.27%, difficulty to access health facilities and services 5.27%, unsafe area for women 2.63%, not welcomed by the community 2.6%, difficulty to access schools 2.63%, and 7.89% due to the small size of their current rented housing or/and being evicted by landlords (Figure 34).
Figure(34) :Reasons for the change of housing/Tenants
Difficulty in getting humanitarian assistance 2.63%
The unsafe area for women and girls 2.63%
NOT welcomed by the community 2.63%
Difficult access to school 2.63%
water, conductors, markets, etc 5.27%
Difficult access to hospitals and health services 5.27%
War 5.27%
landlord want his house 7.89%
bad relations with the land lord 7.89%
the absence of family privacy 7.89%
high rent rates 47.37%
13 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 4. Rent and Key Factors in the Rental Market 4.1 The rental period of the housing The analysis shows that 80.49% of the tenants’ sample has been renting housing for more than a year ago , 5.85% three to six months ago, 3.90% three months ago, 3.90% rented a housing this month, and 1.95% last month (Figure. 35)
Figure(35): When did you rent this housing /Tenant
80.49%
5.85% 3.90% 1.95% 3.90% 3.90%
This month Last month Two months ago Three months ago From three months from one year and to six months more 4.2 Renting Agreements The analysis shows that 39.02% of the rental contracts are lawful written agreement, 40.7% are oral agreements, and 8.6% are informal written agreement (not legalized) (Figure. 36).
Figure (36): Type of rental agreement/Tenants
54.63%
39.02%
6.34%
Oral Written agreement not leglized Formal written agreement/ lawful
The Focus group discussions and key informative groups confirm that the rental contracts in this area are mostly verbal agreements between landlords and tenants, and in some cases informal written agreements.
14 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate Figure (37) shows that 32.7% of tenants are not obligated to make an advance payment in the rental agreement, whereas 67.3% have to pay a certain amount of money in advance. The results show that 43.5% paid an advance payment of one month's rent, 34.8% two months’ rent, 17.4% three months’ rent, and 4.3% more than three months’ rent (Figure.38).
Figure(37): Do you have to pay an Figure(38): Advance payment amount of money in (deposit/Tenants advance(deposit)?/Tenants No, 43.5% 34.8% 32.7% 17.4% 4.3%
Yes, Rent of a month Rent of two Rent of three More than three 67.3% months months months
4.3 Services in the Governorate The study reveals that 68.8% of the tenants’ sample said rent does not include basic services, while 31.2% said it includes basic services (Figure. 39). The results of the landlords’ analysis show that 69.1% of landlords do not include any essential services such as water and electricity when renting housing to tenants, whereas 30.9% do include these services, but only for shared housing (Figure.40)
Figure (39) :Does rentcovers the basic Figure(40): Does rentinclude services services (water, electricity, etc .)? Landlord Yes, … Yes, 30.9%
No, 68.8% No, 69.1%
4.4 Rent Payment methods The results of the study show that 98.5% of the tenants pay rent in cash, 0.5% through banks, 0.5% money transfer, and 0.5% other (work for landlords instead of paying rent) Figure. 41.
Figure(41):How to pay the rent? /Tenants
98.5
0.5 0.5 0.5
Bank Cash Money transfer Others (I pay through work)
15 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 4.5 Source of income to pay the rent The analysis shows that 52.51% of the tenants’ sample said their source of income is daily labor, 39.73% regular employment, 2.74% small private projects, 1.37% loans from family members and friends, 1.37% saving, 0.91% loans from service providers,0.91% financial assistance from NGO / UN, 0.46% financial assistance from the government, and 3.2% was categorized as other (Figure 42). Figure(42):Main sources of income to pay rent?/Tenants
52.51 39.73
0.91 1.37 0.91 0.46 1.37 2.74
Income – daily Income – Loans – from Loans – from Financial Financial Savings small project labour regular service family/friend assistance – assistance – employment provider NGO or UN government 4.6 Paying the Rent Figure (43) illustrates the amount of rent that tenants are able to commit to paying in the coming months. 11.41% can pay one month’s rent, 18.12% two months’ rent, 4.70% four months, 2.01% cannot pay rent, and 63.76% of the tenants do not know when they will be able to pay rent.
Figure(43): The amount the tenant can pay / the coming period?/Tenants
63.76
18.12 11.41 4.70 2.01
Rent of one month Rent of two months Rent of four months I can’t pay I don’t Know and more
As for the methods of paying rent, 55.1% of tenants hand rent money directly to landlords, 42% to landlords’ agents, 5% real estate offices, and 2.4% the guard of the building where they live (Figure.44). In regards to getting a receipt for rental payment from the landlords, study shows that 79% of landlords give tenants receipts, while 21% of landlords do not give receipts for rental payment (Figure 45). Figure(44):To who do you pay the Figure(45): Does the rent?/Tenants tenant get a 55.1% receipt?/landlord 42.0% Yes, 21.0%
.5% 2.4%
Landlord Agent Rental office Guard of the No, building 79.0%
16 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate The analysis also shows that 93.2% of tenants pay rent on a monthly basis, 4.9% every three months, and 2% every two months (Figure. 46).
Figure(46): Rental payment periods/Tenants 93.2
2.0 4.9
Monthly Every two months Every three months In addition, the study shows that landlords keep rent due dates open according to the financial ability of tenants to pay. These periods are monthly 44.4%, every six months 25.9%, and more than six months 27.2%. However, 2.5% of landlords stated that rent payment due dates are open and there was no specific deadline to when tenants are forced to pay, instead it is according to the tenant’s financial ability (Figure.47).
Figure(47): Rental payment periods/landlord 44.4
25.9 27.2
2.5
Monthly Every six months More than six months I don't Know
4.7 Rent Increase and Stability The analysis shows that 63.9% of the tenants’ sample said rent has not increased during the past 12 months, while 36.1% said there was an increase. The average increase in rent is estimated at 89%. The study also shows the expectations regarding increase in rent in the coming 12 months. 80% of the tenants’ sample expect an increase in the rent over the next 12 months, while 20% do not expect any increase in rent. The study also revealed that of all rental payments, 16.1% of tenants got a receipt, whereas 83.9% of tenants did not get a receipt for rent payment. The study shows that 78.5% of tenants expressed their worries from the possibility of being evicted from rented housing, while 21.5% did not have those fears. Figure (48). The analysis results of the FGDs and the KIIs reveal that the majority of the views (male and female) confirm the expectation of rent increase in the coming 12 months. The increase may reach 100% due to the continued influx of IDPs especially from Al-Hudaydah. The results also show how Aden has more job opportunities, which may lead to more movement to the Governorate from other areas, and thus higher demand on the housing market.
17 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate Figure (48):High rents and staying at the housing/Tenants
83.9% 80.0% 78.5%
63.9%
36.1% yes 20.0% 21.5% no 16.1%
Do you get proof of rent In the end of 12 months, Do you expect any rental Are you afraid of being payment (such as receipts) has the rent increased or increase during the next 12 asked to vacate the house decreased months
Figure 49 shows that 72.2% of tenants who might be evicted from the rented housing will look for cheaper housing to rent (Figure 49). The majority of views of the FGDs, males and females, confirmed that IDPs are not often forced to vacate housing, with the exception of a few cases that may happen as a result of tenant’s inability to pay rent or their objection to increase in rent cost. In the case of eviction, the majority of opinions indicate that tenants will go to live with relatives, cheaper housing, huts, single rooms in shared housing, or in IDPs’ Hosting Sites.
Figure(49):If you can not live in this housing ,where will you go?/Tenants
72.7%
9.9% 8.1% 5% 1.2% 3.1%
Live in a tenet Rent a cheaper A hosting family Living with friends Return village I don't know dwelling
4.8 The Income of the Partners in the Housing The results of the analysis of the tenant sample show that most of the tenants had an average income of 82,000 YER a month. As previously mentioned that the average rent is (37,600 YER) in addition to (8,030 YER) for basic services, which means more than half of the income goes to rent
18 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate and basic services the rest of the income is very low to sustain a decent living. These results reflect the extent of the humanitarian and economic crisis that tenants are enduring especially that 35.1% of them are IDP’s (Figure 5).
5. Housing Improvement and Accessing Assistance 5.1 Housing Improvement The study shows that 43.56% of tenants stated that there are no areas of improvement required for the housing, 31.06% basic repairs are needed, 8.71% sanitation facilities need to be improved, 8.33% water facilities need to be improved, and 7.58% considerable structural repairs are needed Figure (50).
Figure(50):How to improve conditions the rented housing/Tenants
43.56%
31.06%
8.71% 8.33% 7.58% 0.76%
(improve sanitation improve water considerable others ا No areas of basic repairs improvement needed facilities access / services structural repairs needed needed
5.2 Accessing Assistance The results of the analysis of the tenants’ sample figure (51) show that 95.1% of tenants prefer to receive rental assistance if available in cash, and 4.9% through vouchers/coupon. Figure (52) shows that 12.2% of the tenants prefer rent to be paid directly to the landlords, whereas 87.8% preferred it to be paid to the tenant.
figure(51) :In case there will be a Figure(52): Do you prefer to pay the rent subsidy, do you prefer to get the aid to the tenant or owner aid cash or coupons Coupons, 4.9 Landlord, 12.2
Tenant, Cash, 95.1 87.8
19 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 6 Taking Advantage and Participating in Support Programs:
The results of the study analysis of the landlord’s sample illustrate the willingness of landlords to cooperate in rental support programs for tenants especially IDPs.
Figure(53): Participation in the support program / Landlord % 85.2% 94.2 63.8% 36.2% % 14.8 5.8%
Are you willing to participate in the Do you agree to pay the rent subsidized Will you be able to show ownership subsidized rental scheme for IDPs? to you through the official banking documents if requested ? system and deliver the receipt upon payment receipt?
yes no
6.1 Show Property Documents: Figure (53) shows that 94.2% of landlords are willing to show home ownership documents, while 5.8% are not willing to do.
6.2 Method of Receiving Rental Funding: As for the method of receiving rental funds, 63.8% of landlords are willing to receive rent through the banking system and provide a delivery receipt, whereas 36.2% are not willing to do so (Figure.53).
6.3 Preparing for Participation: Results also show that 85.2% of landlords are willing to participate in any future rental support programs for IDPs, whereas 14.8% are not willing to participate (Figure.53) Section 2: Host Community Capacity Assessment
1. Housing’ Capacity and Rent Value
Figure (54): Current housing capacity/Tenants
4.35%
0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Dar Sad Ash Shaikh Almnsawrh Al Buraiqeh Altwahy Al Mualla Sayrh_ Krytr Khur Maksar Outhman
20 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate The analysis reveals that the current rental housing capacity in the Governorate of Aden is almost nonexistent in many districts. 99.21% of the housing for rent are occupied, and 0.78% are vacant. Figure (54) illustrates the current rental housing capacity in these areas. The analysis shows that the rental housing capacity, at the time of the study, in the district of dar Sa’ad is 4.35%, while the capacity in the other districts is nonexistent. It is clear that the growing numbers of IDPs has caused such limitation in the housing market as well as the lack of investment in the housing market.
The results of the analysis of participants in the focus groups and the key informants have indicated that the rental housing capacity is very limited in these districts. One of the key informants said; “there are no available housing in Al-Shikh Othman as result of large numbers of IDPs moving to this area within the past three years”. Another informant indicated that available housing can be found but it takes a very long period of time to find these housing, he said: “there is a possibility to find housing to rent, but it requires a long time to search for it”. Another key informant indicated that “if any housing are found vacant the rent cost will be high”. One of the participants in the focus group said: “there are no vacant housing, no flats in the Mountain of al- MoKaloua’ah, not even huts, all are occupied”. An important conclusion in this regard is that chances of finding vacant housing to rent in the districts of Aden seem to be slim, and if a few number of housing are found available, rent cost is high. For more details, check the Housing Capacity Table Annex (6) The analysis shows that rent varies from one rented housing/flat to another. It depends not only on the number of rooms (area size) but also on which district the housing is located at. The average rent in Aden is 37,602 YER/month. The study also shows that a tenant pays an additional 8,030 YER on average for basic services, this number is subject to market prices fluctuation, especially water and fuel. 2. Community Hosting IDPs The analysis reveals that the Governorate of Aden has received IDPs from different Governorates including Taiz, Al Hudaydah, Abyan, and Sana’a. However, the analysis shows that 35.1% of the tenants’ sample are local residence of Aden. The percentage of IDPs among the sample of tenants is 35.1% (Figure. 5). The local community sympathizes with IDPs. 100 % of IDPs feel that they are members of the community, and 99.5% feel safe (Figure 52). These positive indicators refer to social integration and harmony. The participants in the focus groups highlighted the good relations that exist between IDPs and the hosting community. In addition, they pointed out that many households in Aden are currently hosting IDPs – have kin relation- in their own homes. The social factor is key in the discussions. In fact, IDPs in Aden have social ties with the hosting community. 82.4% of the tenants have reported that they have friends and relatives in the same community where they
21 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate live. This information may suggest that choosing Aden as a target destination by IDPs was mainly influenced by social relations to the local community. Nevertheless, there are other factors that are essential in identifying the destination of IDPs. In regards to hosting IDPs, key informants and focus groups confirmed that the current limitations in the housing market is an important issue. One of the key informants indicated that “there is no possibility to host IDPs unless it is in IDPs Hosting Sites”. Another one mentioned that “there is a possibility to host a few number of IDPs in the district of Dar Sa’ad”. The participants in the focus group sessions also highlighted the social and the economic factors. The social factor is related to IDPs’ relationship (family relations). According to a number of participants, hosting IDPs in homes is subject to relationships to a family member. One of the participants said “it is possible to IDPs’ members if they are relatives or friends”. Another one said “Due to different traditions and cultures, some local residents will not accept hosting strangers”. The economic situation of the community is another key factor. The financial status of the hosting family plays an important role in deciding if the household will be able to host IDPs or not. To a large extent, the current financial status/income of household members in Aden is quite low, therefore, the idea of hosting does not seem to be possible. One of the participants said: “the living costs are a strong reason for not hosting IDPs”. Another one said: “it is not possible due to high living expenses”.
Although the participants did not mention the fact that most housing in Aden are not large in size, it is important to consider this factor. By looking at randomly selected rental housing, 67.8% of the sample live in housing that consist of only 1-2 rooms which reflects that generally, the size of housing in Aden are small to medium. The question is, how can IDPs be accommodated in small housing? The standards for the area allocated for each individual is quite important and needs to be considered in any forthcoming discussions. Although the local community in Aden has received IDPs over the past few years, yet there are a number of factors that need to be considered in terms of hosting them now, such as: the crowdedness of housing by local residents and IDPs, the social factor, the economic factor, and the availability of housing that meet the minimum standards (size of housing in order to host IDPs).
22 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 3. The Relationships between IDPs and the Hosting Community Figure (55) shows that 82.4% of the tenants’ sample have friends and relatives in the community where they live, while 17.6% do not. 100% said they feel like a member of the community. The qualitative analysis shows that IDPs have good relations with the local community. However, the presence of IDPs in large numbers has led to a noticeable pressure on services, and an increase in rent costs. Furthermore, the analysis of FGDs (female session) rose some concerns related to the safety of women and children. Some participants expressed their fears of harassment and rape in IDPs Hosting Sites. The analysis also shows that in many cases, IDPs cannot enroll their children in schools because they do not have the proper documents needed for registration. Figure (55):Relationships in the neighborhood/Tenants
100.0% 99.5% 97.6% 95.6% 82.4%
17.6% .5% 2.4% 4.4% yes no Do you have friends / Do you feel that you Do you feel safe in Do you have freedom Do you have any family in this are a member of the this area where you in moving problems with the community community are dwelling inside/outside the landlord area 3.1 Feeling Safe and Freedom of Movement in the Neighborhood The study shows that 97.6% of tenants said that they feel safe in the neighborhood where they live, while 2.4% do not feel safe. As for freedom of movement inside and outside the area, study shows that 97.6% of the tenants’ sample said they have freedom of movement inside and outside the area, while 2.4% do not. 3.2 Tenants / IDPs Relationship with Landlords. Regarding tenants/IDPs relationship with landlords, 95.6% of tenants did not have any problems with their landlords, while 4.4% reported that they do have issues with their landlords (Figure 55). As for settling problems with landlords, figure (56) shows that tenants go to: their friends 40%, relatives 40%, and 5.38% the head of the household.
Figure(56): To whom do you go to help you solve these problems ?/Tenant
40.00% 40.00%
20.00%
Relatives Friends The head of the household
23 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate 3 Community Based Organizations CBOs work in Aden Governorate generally fall into the categories of human services and development, medical relief, special needs, charity activities, education, and agricultural. For the purpose of this study, the target sample was set to collect data from five active CBOs in each district working in humanitarian and development fields for the last three years. Those that have been found to match the required criteria are 29 community-based organizations. The number of CBOs in each district is shown in the table below (detailed data is presented in - Annex 2).
4 Financial Points (Exchangers and Remittance Agents). Data on remittance agents/ cash points has been collected through main money exchangers/remittance agencies. The data gathered on remittance agents in Aden Governorate shows the availability of (34) remittance agents/cash point scattered in all districts of the Governorate. The readiness table illustrates the number of remittance agents in each district. The full data is attached in - Annex (3).
5 Voucher Based Suppliers. The data collected shows positive indicators regarding the availability of NFI/Shelter suppliers in the Governorate of Aden. The study consultant was able to gather full data on NFI / shelter suppliers (full data is attached- Annex (4). The readiness table shows the number of suppliers found in the targeted districts and shows the main accessible markets. Few districts lack sufficient number of suppliers, therefore, information on substitute suppliers from nearby districts was given.
6 Local Authorities Data on local authority has been collected internally through KII interviews with main local leaders in each district. The full data about the main local authorities in all the 10 districts at Aden Governorate is attached in - Annex (5)
7 Conclusion
The study revealed a number of aspects related to the housing rental market in the Governorate of Aden, which can be summarized as follows:
• Aden Governorate has received a large number of IDPs in the past few years, specifically from Taiz, Al-Hudaydah, and Sana'a. The analysis shows that the main reasons IDPs chose to move to Aden are security, family relations, and job opportunities.
24 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate • The results show that 65% of the tenants’ sample in this study are IDPs. This has resulted in high demand for housing and therefore an increase in rent costs in Aden Governorate.
• The average rent, based on the analysis of this study, is currently about 34,000 YER per month. However, rent rates are expected to increase during the coming 12 months as a result of inflation of prices.
• Most of IDPs tenants live in small flats consisting of 1-2 rooms, and some live in IDPs’ Hosting Sites, and others live in tents.
• Rental agreements are mostly verbal rather than legal written agreement. The method of rent payment is mostly cash which is given to landlords or their agents.
• The local authority’s role in the housing market seems to be limited to urban planning. The local authority issues permits for constructions, therefore, the expansion in the housing market depends on how local authority handles this matter. On the other hand, the local authority is responsible for dealing with some of the IDPs’ issues, for instance, shelter security, and disputes between landlords and tenants.
• The analysis reveals that the demand for housing will continue as long as armed conflicts are ongoing in other areas like Al-Hudaydah and Taiz. Therefore, housing rent costs will increase.
• The results show that Aden’s local community accepts the presence of IDPs despite the difficult financial situation and limited services.
• The analysis reveals that the current rental housing capacity in the Governorate of Aden is nonexistent in many districts. Landlords that have been covered in this study are renting 127 housing, 99.21% of these housing are already occupied, while only 0.78% are vacant. The analysis also shows that the rented housing capacity, at the time of this study, in the district of dar Sa’ad is 4.35%, while the capacity in the other districts is nonexistent.
• Although, the community in Aden has received IDPs over the last few years, yet there are a number of factors that need to be considered regarding hosting them now, such as: the crowdedness of housing by local residents and IDPs, the social factor, the economic factor, and the availability of housing that meet the minimum standards of the size of the housing in order to accommodate IDPs.
25 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate • The assessment reveals that 100% of tenants feel that they are members of the local community, and 95.5% feel safe in the neighborhoods where they live. However, the participants in the focus groups highlighted some fears regarding harassment and raping, and IDPs children dropping out of schools.
• The results of the analysis indicate that 85.2% of landlords agreed to participate in rental subsidy programs for IDPs, 94.2% are willing to show required documents of the property, and 63.8% agreed to receive rental payment through the banking system and provide receipt for rental payment (Figure 57). Summary of Assessment
Suppliers Sheltermaterials
Number household
of Furniture Financial Average Rent District Cloths presenc Points Rate
e CBOs items
Al Buraiqeh 3 33 3 3 3 2 29173 Al Mualla 4 5 4 6 5 2 26230 Almnsawrh 2 7 5 4 3 9 41730 Altwahy 1 5 6 5 5 1 29583 Ash Shaikh 5 5 6 5 5 8 45769 Outhman Dar Sad 6 5 6 6 5 3 21641 KhurMaksa 5 5 6 5 6 4 69840 r Sayrh_ 3 5 4 5 6 5 35407 Krytr 29 70 40 39 38 34
26 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate
Annexes:
Annex (1): Targeted Districts Map Annex (2): Community Based Organizations Annex (3): Financial points (Exchangers and remittance agents). Annex (4): Voucher based suppliers. Annex (5): Local Authorities Annex (6): Housing Capacity Map
27 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate Index Section 1: CBOs Activities provided by CBOs:
Relief, 370 Development, 351,353,355,356,357,359,360,361,363,364,365,368,369,371-376,378 Charity, 377 charity-relief, 352 Agriculture, Education, Health, 366,367 Development- Relief, 350,354,358 Education-development, 362 Development-charity, Special need, Special Needs-Development, Special need –Education, Health –Development-charity, Heath-Development-education, Agriculture-Development-Charity,
Validity of license
Not valid, 353,364,365,370,374 Valid, 350-352,354-360,362,363,366,369,371-373,375-378
BankAccounts
Available: 350,351,353,355-367,369-371,374-378 Not Available: 352,354,368,372,373,377 Section 2: Financial points (Exchangers and remittance agents). Al-Amal Bank
Al-Kuraimi Exchanger Section 3: Voucher based suppliers.
Type of Goods are provided by Vendors:
Cloths,2203-2208,2212-2215,2217-2219,2229,2231,2232,2245,2255,2258,2264, 2280-2282,2287,2288,2291,2292,2294,2303,2305-2309,2332,2352 Furniture:2207,2225-2227,2235,2236,2238,2239,2244,2248-2251,2255-2257,2259,2263, 2269,2271,2279,2300,2301,2306,2315-2318,2328-2331,2336,2339-2342,2351 Shelter materials ,2202,2216,2223,2224,2241-2243,2246 2252,2260-2262,2265, 2270,2272,2277,2278,2289,2290,2293,2304,2306,2318-2327,2333-2335,2344,2349,2350 Household items e, 2209-2211,2220-2222,2228,2230,2233,2234,2240,2247,2257,2266-2268, 2273-2276,2283-2286,2298,2299,2302,2310-2314,2337,2338,2342-2348
28 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate Previous experience in voucherprogram:
Available, 2206,2212,2215,2228,2237,2251,2259,2263,2267-2271,2279-2282,2284,2285, 2300,2304,2313,2315,2318,2320,2331,2333,2337-2342,2346,2351 NotAvailable: 2202-2205,2207-2211,2213,2214,2216-2227,2229-2236,2238-2250, 2252-2258,2260-2262,2264-2266,2272-2278,2283,2286-2299,2301-2303,2305-2312,2314, 2316,2317,2319,2321-230,2332,2334-2336,2343-2345,2347-2350,2352
Willingness to respond in emergency:
Willing: 2202-2209,2211-2215,2217-2244,2246-2274,2276-2296,2298-2348,2350-2352 Not willing: 2210,2216,2245,2275,2297,2349
29 | Page Yemen Shelter/NFI/CCCM Cluster Housing Rental Market Assessment –Aden Governorate