Understanding the Index of Multiple Deprivation
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Overview for Cornwall Online resources The 2010 IMD data, which was published in Details of the data for Cornwall, frequently 2011, showed that Cornwall ranked 154 out asked questions and the press release is of 326 local authority areas for deprivation available at: (where 1 is having the highest proportion of www.cornwall.gov.uk/deprivation the population living in the most deprived neighbourhoods). The most recent figures Full data for England is on the Government Understanding show that Cornwall is now ranked 143. website at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ the Index of english-indices-of-deprivation Key data for Cornwall Multiple shows: Sources 17 neighbourhoods are among the most Deprivation DCLG The English Indices of Deprivation 2015 deprived (worst 10%) in England A bitesize guide 5% of neighbourhoods in Cornwall are among the most deprived in England. 2015 Treneere in Penzance is considered the Contact most deprived area in Cornwall. In 2010 the IMD data ranked Pengegon in Email: [email protected] Camborne as the most deprived area in Website: www.cornwall.gov.uk/deprivation Cornwall. Three areas are no longer among the most deprived in Cornwall (compared to Prepared by: the 2010 release). Corporate Strategy, Policy and Intelligence Team There is not one single factor for the increase in the number of deprived areas. If you would like this information But initial analysis has indicated that a in another format please contact: mixture of changes to the methodology and Cornwall Council worsening indicators for health and crime, County Hall in some deprived neighbourhoods, has had Treyew Road an impact on the rankings. Truro TR1 3AY Telephone: 0300 1234 100 Email: [email protected] www.cornwall.gov.uk 5 6 Introduction What is the IMD? Methodology change: The methodology The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) Deprivation covers a broad range of issues has been changed for some domains between 2015 is the official measure of relative and refers to unmet needs caused by a lack releases; they are not comparable between deprivation. It ranks every neighbourhood of resources of all kinds, not just financial. time periods. in England from 1 (most deprived area) to The Indices of Deprivation attempt to Change over time is relative to other 32,844 (least deprived area). It is common measure a broader concept of multiple areas: The IMD is not a direct measure of to describe how relatively deprived an area deprivation, made up of several distinct whether areas are “improving” or “closing the is by saying whether it falls among the most dimensions, or domains, of deprivation: gap”. A local neighbourhood could well have deprived 10% or 20% of areas in England. • Income • Employment • Health and improved in real-terms and may have Disability • Education Skills and Training • improved faster than the average, however if National and Local Government programmes Barriers to Housing and Services • Crime • other areas with similar levels of deprivation aiming to tackle deprivation often use the Living Environment • have done slightly better, the neighbourhood IMD to target funding to the most deprived will score as more deprived in comparison These combine to make an overall measure areas. Some examples of how the IMD is over time. used to tackle deprivation: of deprivation, which is a relative ranking of the 32,844 neighbourhoods (Lower Layer Rural Deprivation: Many groups argue that Many National Lottery grants are explicitly Super Output Areas - LSOAs) in England. the IMD - and other area-based measures targeted at the most deprived areas. LSOAs typically have between 1000 and which essentially measure concentration – 3000 people living in them with an average don’t highlight rural areas, where deprivation Stamp duty on property and land population of 1500. In most cases, these is more scattered. Although only 2% of the transactions were reduced in deprived are relatively small areas, thus allowing the most deprived areas in England are rural, areas. identification of pockets of deprivation. 17% of all households in poverty (earning The IMD is a measure of how local areas less than 60% of the median income) in The Index was first published at district ward compare with others, so provides a key England are in rural areas. level in 2000, then at the smaller LSOA level input to understanding “need” for service in 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2015. The key message is that to really commissioning. understand an area and how it is Please note… Limitations changing, it is essential to use direct measures alongside the IMD. The IMD is not a direct measure of Not every person in a highly deprived area deprivation: The IMD score is used to will themselves be deprived. Equally, there compare (rank) areas, but is not a direct or will be some deprived people living in the meaningful measure of deprivation. An area least deprived areas. The data used in the with a score of 50 is not twice as deprived as IMD are a measure of deprivation, not an area with a score of 25. affluence. 2 3 4 .