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RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT in Wimax MEE09:16 RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN WiMAX Noman Shabbir Hasnain Kashif This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology March 2009 Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Engineering Department of Signal Processing Supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Zepernick Examiner: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Zepernick ii ABSTRACT Today, different types of cellular networks are actively working on the radio links. For instance, the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is being used in nearly two hundred countries and currently it has around two and half billion users all over the world. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is currently deployed in many countries and it is providing increased data rates, coverage and mobility as compared to GSM. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are very famous when we have a small area and none real time services. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a new technology and it is in deployment phase. In all these cellular technologies, we have very limited recourses and we have to make best use of them by proper management. Radio Resource Management (RRM) is a control mechanism for the overall system which is being used to manage radio resources in the air interface inside a cellular network. The main objective is to utilize the available spectral resources as efficiently as possible. Our aim is to use them in the best possible way to maximize the performance and spectral efficiency in such a way that we have maximum number of users in our network and Quality of Service (QoS) is up to the mark. In a cellular communication system, a service area or a geographical region is divided into a number of cells and each cell is served by an infrastructure element called the base station which works through a radio interface. The frequency license fees, real estate, distribution network and maintenance are the issues which dominates the cost for deploying a cellular network. Management of radio related resources is a critical design component in cellular communications. In RRM, we control parameters like Radio Frequency (RF) planning, link budgeting, modulation schemes, channel access schemes etc. RF planning includes cell planning, coverage of the network and capacity of the network. Our main focus in this thesis will be on cell planning and link budgeting and we will discuss them in context of a WiMAX network. iii iv Acknowledgements All praises to ALLAH, the cherisher and the sustainer of the universe, the most gracious and the most merciful, who bestowed us with health and abilities to complete this project successfully. This project means to us far more than a Mater degree requirement as our knowledge was significantly enhanced during the course of its research and implementation. We are especially thankful to the Faculty and Staff of School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Karlskrona, Sweden, who have always been a source of motivation for us and supported us tremendously during this research. We are extremely grateful to our project supervisor Professor Hans-Jürgen Zepernick who guided us in the best possible way in our project. He is always a source of inspiration for us. His encouragement and support never faltered. We are also very thankful to all those course mates who have helped us morally as well as academically. In every hour of need, their full cooperation was there for us. We special gratitude and acknowledgments are there for our parents for their everlasting moral support and encouragements. Noman Shabbir & Hasnain Kashif Karlskrona, March 2009. v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ xi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Outline of Thesis and Contribution ................................................................................. 2 2 WiMAX ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 WiMAX Standarads........................................................................................................ 4 2.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Overview of Technical Information ................................................................................ 6 2.3.1 WiMAX Physical Layer ............................................................................................. 6 2.3.2 OFDM Basics ............................................................................................................. 6 2.3.3 WiMAX OFDM Parameters ....................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 WiMAX MAC Layer.................................................................................................. 9 2.3.5 Channel Access Mechanisms .................................................................................... 11 2.3.6 QoS in WiMAX ....................................................................................................... 11 2.3.7 WiMAX Mobility Support ........................................................................................ 14 2.3.8 Multicast and Broadcast Services .............................................................................. 14 2.4 WiMAX Features for Performance Enhancement .......................................................... 15 2.4.1 Advanced Antenna Systems...................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Hybrid ARQ ............................................................................................................. 16 2.5 WiMAX Network Architecture ..................................................................................... 16 3 Radio Resource Management ........................................................................................ 17 3.1 Frequency Band Allocation ........................................................................................... 18 3.2 Cell Planning ................................................................................................................ 22 vii 3.2.1 Cell Site .................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Fquency Reuse .......................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Types of Cells ............................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Link Budget ................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.1 Calculation of Link Budget ......................................................................................... 27 3.4 Call Admission Control ................................................................................................. 28 3.4.1 Handover .................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Types of Handover ..................................................................................................... 29 3.5 Modulation Schemes ..................................................................................................... 30 3.5.1 Analog Modulation ..................................................................................................... 30 3.5.2 Digital Modulation ..................................................................................................... 30 3.6 Multiple Access Techniques .......................................................................................... 31 3.6.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) ............................................................ 31 3.6.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) .................................................................... 31 3.6.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) .................................................................... 32 3.6.4 Orthognal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) ......................................... 32 4 Radio Resource Management in WiMAX ..................................................................... 33 4.1 Frequency Band Allocation in WiMAX ......................................................................... 34 54.2 Cell Planning in WiMAX............................................................................................. 35 4.2.1 Technical Cell Site Issues for WiMAX ....................................................................... 36 4.2.2 WiMAX Network Plannings ....................................................................................... 36 4.3 Link Budget for WiMAX .............................................................................................. 37 4.4 Call Admission Control in WiMAX .............................................................................. 40 4.4.1 Handover in WiMAX ................................................................................................ 40 4.5 Modulation Schemes in
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