DOCSLIB.ORG

Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details LAND REFORM, SPACE AND POWER IN MAKHADO MUNICIPALITY, LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA Stephen John Greenberg Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex July 2011 I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature:……………………………………………………………………… iii UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX STEPHEN JOHN GREENBERG DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY LAND REFORM, SPACE AND POWER IN MAKHADO MUNICIPALITY, LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA SUMMARY This thesis explores the role of land reform in the production of space and relations of power in rural South Africa after 1994, based on a case study of a cluster of restitution farms in Makhado municipality in Limpopo province in northern South Africa. It uses Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space, which proposes that space is a dynamic social construction and that spatial and social – and hence power - relations are mutually constitutive. Land reform processes are considered using three components of the production of space identified by Lefebvre, namely the material, the conceptual and the lived. These components are applied to three core themes in land reform which emerged from the research: authority and land governance; property relations; and land use (production and settlement). The investigation was based primarily on interviews with inhabitants in the research area affected by land reform, with individuals with some historical knowledge of the area, and with various individuals from government and other support organisations with some relation to land reform in the area. The methods included an element of participant observation and some archival research. The research indicates that land reform had an uneven impact on the production of space and power relations in the area of study. Contradictions emanating from within the state in particular exacerbated this unevenness. The retention of the private property framework and the entrenchment of pre-existing forms of authority and relations of power – private landowners and traditional authorities – constituted limitations on the role land reform could play in altering rural spaces and power relations. However, land reform simultaneously facilitated openings for subterranean shifts through new practices, rooted in everyday activities at the micro-spatial level, which signalled potential broader shifts in spatial and power relations over time. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ....................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ vii ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction: Space, power and land reform ............................................................... 1 1.2 Background to land reform in South Africa .................................................................. 7 1.3 Core questions and research site ................................................................................ 11 1.4 Methodology ............................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Chapter synopsis ......................................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER 2: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE AND POWER ........... 29 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 29 2.2 The production of space ............................................................................................. 29 2.3 Space and power ......................................................................................................... 37 2.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 3: LAND REFORM AND THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA ..... 47 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 47 3.2 Space, authority and governance ............................................................................... 47 3.3 Property relations, land reform and space ................................................................. 52 3.4 Agricultural production, settlement and the production of space ............................. 56 3.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 63 CHAPTER 4: THE HISTORICAL PRODUCTION OF SPACE AROUND VLEIFONTEIN ...................... 64 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 64 4.2 Brief historical background to the area ...................................................................... 64 4.3 Space and authority, property and land use before the whites ................................. 68 4.4 White encroachment and the restructuring of space and power .............................. 74 4.4.1 The construction of commercial farms ............................................................... 74 4.4.2 Constructing African ‘locations’ and the subordination of traditional authority 82 4.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 85 CHAPTER 5: SPACE, AUTHORITY AND LAND GOVERNANCE .................................................... 87 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 87 5.2 Changing rural authority: new representations entangled in old practices ............... 88 5.3 Materialising representations of governance and authority in spatial practice ........ 93 5.3.1 White land owners: holding their ground, but ceding authority ........................ 95 5.3.2 The influence of traditional authority ................................................................. 99 5.4 The CPA committees and a nascent capitalist class.................................................. 109 5.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 120 v CHAPTER 6: PROPERTY RELATIONS, LAND REFORM AND SPACE .......................................... 124 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 124 6.2 Property and representations of space: a tension at the heart of restitution ......... 124 6.3 The structure of property relations within the fragmented spaces of land reform . 131 6.3.1 Collective ownership ......................................................................................... 131 6.3.2 Individual tenure ............................................................................................... 134 6.4 Collective private ownership and spatial practice .................................................... 139 6.4.1 Contesting boundaries ...................................................................................... 139 6.4.2 The contradictions of land leasing .................................................................... 146 6.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 150 CHAPTER 7: PRODUCTION, SETTLEMENT AND THE RESTRUCTURING OF SPACE .................. 153 7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 153 7.2 Inherited material configurations ............................................................................. 153 7.3 Tensions embedded in conceptions of land use ....................................................... 158 7.4 Changing spatial practices and land use ................................................................... 167 7.4.1 Structuring dominant spaces of production ..................................................... 170 7.4.2 Reconstructing on-farm space ‘from below’ .................................................... 177 7.4.3 Settlement dynamics, spatial practice and lived space .................................... 191 7.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 196 CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................... 198 8.1 Land reform and the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research in Business and Social Science Administrative And
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Society for the Study of Business & Finance- SSBFNET: E-Journals International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 6(3), 2017: 35-50 Research in Business and Social Science IJRBS Vol 6 No 3, ISSN: 2147-4478 Contents available at www.ssbfnet.com/ojs http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v6i3.750 Administrative and managerial patterns on the RtHC in the Makhado municipality rural clinics Tshimangadzo Selina Mudau Department of Nursing Science, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga- Rankuwa, Republic of South Africa (+27 82 573 9589) Sarie P. Human Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa (Tel: +27 12 429 6290) Abstract This paper investigates the administrative and managerial pattern on the Road to Health Chart (RtHC) among clinics in the Makhado municipality. Retrospective observations of the processes of recordings the nurses performed on the RtHC (ṉ=36) were carried out to collect data. A checklist was used to aid the observations. Furthermore, face-to-face interviews were administered on participant nurses in collaboration with document review. The results of this paper revealed considerable omissions on the administration and management of the RtHC instrument. Crucial information was also incorrectly recorded while some was never recorded at all. Clinic managers should continuously monitor the nurses on the administration and management of the RtHC to ensure quality. Key words:
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Impact Assessment
    HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT (REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 38(8) OF THE NHRA (No. 25 OF 1999) FOR THE PROPOSED MOZAMBIQUE TILAPIA FARM PROJECT, ALBASINI DAM, ELIM, LOUIS TRICHARDT LIMPOPO PROVINCE Type of development: Agricultural Client: CSIR Client info: Karabo Mashabela E – mail: [email protected] Developer: Makwaria Trading . HCAC - Heritage Consultants Report Author: Private Bag X 1049 Mr. J. van der Walt Suite 34 Project Reference: Modimolle HCAC Project number 218403 0510 Report date: Tel: 082 373 8491 April 2018 Fax: 086 691 6461 E-Mail: [email protected] 1 HIA – Makwaria April 2018 APPROVAL PAGE Project Name Makwaria Fish Farm Report Title Heritage Impact Assessment Makwaria Fish Farm Authority Reference Number SAHRA Case 12199 Report Status Final Report Applicant Name Makwaria Trading Name Signature Qualifications and Date Certifications Document Compilation MA Archaeology Jaco van der Walt April 2018 ASAPA #159 BA Hons Marko Hutten April 2018 Archaeology Liesl Bester BHCS Honours April 2018 DOCUMENT PROGRESS Distribution List Date Report Reference Number Document Distribution Number of Copies 6 April 2018 2178403 CSIR Electronic Copy Amendments on Document Date Report Reference Number Description of Amendment HCAC 2 HIA – Makwaria April 2018 INDEMNITY AND CONDITIONS RELATING TO THIS REPORT The findings, results, observations, conclusions and recommendations given in this report are based on the author’s best scientific and professional knowledge as well as available information. The report is based on survey and assessment techniques which are limited by time and budgetary constraints relevant to the type and level of investigation undertaken and HCAC reserves the right to modify aspects of the report including the recommendations if and when new information becomes available from ongoing research or further work in this field, or pertaining to this investigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC of SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID AFRIKA
    Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID AFRIKA May Vol. 611 Pretoria, 6 2016 No. 39975 Mei ISSN 1682-5843 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 39975 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 584003 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure 2 No. 39975 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 6 MAY 2016 1 A message from Government Printing Oit)TV6, Works Notice Submissions Rule: Single notice, single email Dear Valued Customer, Over the last six months, GPW has been experiencing problems with many customers that are still not complying with GPW’s rule of single notice, single email (with proof of payment or purchase order). You are advise that effective from 18 January 2016, all notice submissions received that do no comply with this rule will be failed by our system and your notice will not be processed. In the case where a Z95, Z95Prov or TForm3 Adobe form is submitted with content, there should be a separate Adobe form completed for each notice content which must adhere to the single notice, single email rule. A reminder that documents must be attached separately in your email to GPW. (In other words, your email should have an electronic Adobe Form plus proof of payment/purchase order – 2 separate attachments – where notice content is applicable, it should also be a 3rd separate attachment). To those customers who are complying with this rule, we say Thank you! Regards, Government Printing Works This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za STAATSKOERANT, 6 MEI 2016 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Hlanganani Sub District of Makhado Magisterial District
    # # C! # # # ## ^ C!# .!C!# # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # C!^ # # # # # ^ # # # # ^ C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C!# # # C!C! # # # # # # # # # #C! # # # # # C!# # # # # # C! # ^ # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # C! # # C! # #^ # # # # # # # ## # # #C! # # # # # # # C! # # # # # C! # # # # # # # #C! # C! # # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # C! # # ^ # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # ##^ C! # C!# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #C! ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! C! # # # # # ## # # C!# # # # C! # ! # # # # # # # C# # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ^ C! # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! C! # # # # # # # # C! # # #C! # # # # # # C!# ## # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # ### C! # # C! # # # # C! # ## ## ## C! ! # # C # .! # # # # # # # HHllaannggaannaannii SSuubb DDiissttrriicctt ooff MMaakkhhaaddoo MMaagg# iisstteerriiaall DDiissttrriicctt # # # # ## # # C! # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ROXONSTONE SANDFONTEIN Phiphidi # # # BEESTON ZWARTHOEK PUNCH BOWL CLIFFSIDE WATERVAL RIETBOK WATERFALL # COLERBRE # # 232 # GREYSTONE Nzhelele # ^ # # 795 799 812 Matshavhawe # M ### # # HIGHFIELD VLAKFONTEIN
    [Show full text]
  • Limpopo Province Elim Hospital
    Limpopo Province Elim Hospital - Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Hospital/s: Elim District Hospitals: Community Health Centre Primary Health Care: Regional Hospitals: None Siloam Hospital Bungeni Health Centre Watervall Clinic Lebowakgomo Hospital – Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Community Health Centre: Hospital/s: Lebowakgomo District Hospitals: None Primary Health Care Mokopane Regional Hospital Zebediela hospital Lebowakgomo zone B clinic Thabamoopo Pschiatry hospital Regional Hospital: None Mokopane Hospital – Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Hospital/s: None District Hospitals: Community Health Centre Primary Health Care Regional Hospitals Voortrekker Hopsital Thabaleshoba CHC Mokopane Zone 1 Mokopane Regional Hospital Mokopane Zone 2 Manyoga Clinic Letaba Hospital – Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Primary Health Care: None Hospital/s: None District Hospitals: Community Health Centre Regional Hospitals Kgapane Hospital Nkowankowa CHC Letaba Regional Hospital Van Velden Hospital Pietersburg/Mankweng-Seshego Hospital – Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Hospital/s District Hospitals: Community Healtcare Centre Primary Health Care Pietersburg Hospital/ Mankweng hospital Seshego Hospital Buite Clinic Seshego Clinic Regional Hospitals: None Evelyn Lekganyane Clinic Specialized Hospitals: Thabamoopo Pschiatry Mankweng Clinic Rethabile Clinic St Rita's – Complex Central/Provincial tertiary Community Healthcare Primary Health Care: None Hospital/s: None District Hospitals: Centre Regional Hospitals Jane Furse Hospital Phokoane
    [Show full text]
  • Final Reviewed Integrated Development Plan 2020/21
    FINAL REVIEWED INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2020/21 VISION “A Spatially Integrated & Sustainable Local Economy by 2030” MISSION To ensure the provision of sustainable basic services and infrastructure to improve the quality of life of our people and to grow the local economy for the benefit of all citizen VALUES Transparency, Accountability, Responsive, Professional Creative integrity TABLE OF CONTENT CONTENT PAGE TABLE OF CONTENT i LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………………………..vii LIST OF TABLES viii ABBREVIATIONS x FOREWORDS xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 01 1.1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………..01 1.2. BACKGROUND 02 1.3. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 07 1.3.1. Constitution of South Africa Act (no. 108 of 1996) 07 1.3.2. Municipal Systems Act (no. 32 of 2000) 07 1.3.3. Municipal Finance Management Act (no. 56 of 2003) 08 1.4. PLANNING FRAMEWORK 10 1.5. POWERS AND FUCTIONS 11 1.6. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS TO DRIVE THE IDP 12 1.7. IDPPLANNING PROCESS PLAN, ROLE AND PURPOSE 14 1.7.1. IDP Framework and Process Plan 14 1.7.1.1. Preparation phase 15 1.7.1.2. Analysis Phase 24 1.7.1.3. Strategy Phase 27 1.7.1.4. Project Phase 28 1.7.1.5. Integration Phase 28 1.7.1.6. Approval Phase 28 SECTION A: ANALYSIS PHASE………………………………………………………………..30 CHAPTER 2: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE……………………………………………….……..30 2.1. POPULATION SIZE AND COMPOSITION 30 2.2. POPULATION AGE AND GENDER DISTRUBUTION 32 2.3. SOCIAL GRANT POPULATION BY NODAL POINTS 33 2.4. EDUCATION PROFILE 33 2.5. PERFORMANCE PRE DISTRICT (Grade 12) 35 2.6. HOUSEHOLD TRENDS 36 2.7.
    [Show full text]
  • A Developmental Municipality That Ensures Sustainable Economic Growth and Equitable Service Delivery
    MUTALE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY A DEVELOPMENTAL MUNICIPALITY THAT ENSURES SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EQUITABLE SERVICE DELIVERY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016/17 5/30/2016 0 MAYORS FOREWORD It gives me pleasure to represent to you our integrated development plan for 2016/2017- which is a collective blueprint for future development trajectory of our municipality emanating from our continued engagement with our stakeholders. I therefore commend all our partners in development and stakeholders for their continued support in shaping our development. Census 2011 results on unemployment indicate that 40% of Mutale Local Municipality lives in poverty. This economic data compels us to marshal the municipality resources efficiently and complement the strategic role on national and provincial governments in creation of sustainable jobs. This IDP/Budget for 2016/2017 therefore opens yet another chapter in our gallant effort to dislodge the stranglehold of poverty and free more of our people out of hunger and diseases. We have also moved a step in a right direction by getting a qualified audit reports from the Auditor General in the previous financial year. It is the evidence of our hard work to ensure compliance and proper management of the public funds. We have, in this IDP, endeavored to present the development priorities contained in the election manifesto of the ANC, the party that is in government, as well as our constitutional mandate as the sphere of government that is closest to the people. The key word is delivery, service delivery alongside the infrastructure development that has become necessary to maintain acceptable life standard for all sectors of the local community.
    [Show full text]
  • Operator Characterization and Acquisition of Sold Items for Tshakhuma and Khumbe Markets of Limpopo Province, South Africa
    International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 8 [Special Issue – July 2013] Operator Characterization and Acquisition of Sold Items for Tshakhuma and Khumbe Markets of Limpopo Province, South Africa M.C. Dagadaa A.E. Nesamvuniab J. Van Rooyenc, K.A. Tshikolomoa aCentre for Sustainable Agriculture University of the Free State Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa. bCentre for Rural Community Empowerment University of Limpopo Private Bag X1106 Sovenga, 0727 South Africa. c Standard Bank Centre for Agri-leadership & Mentorship Development Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, 7602. Abstract The purpose of the study was to characterize operators of the Tshakhuma and Khumbe markets and to investigate the items sold and sources from which they were acquired. Some 91 operators were interviewed, 67 from Tshakhuma and 24 from Khumbe Market. Majority (91.2%) of operators was female and 77% of them were 21 to 60 years old. Some 22% of the operators had no schooling, 25.3% had primary, 44% had secondary and 8.8% had tertiary education. Operator incomes were low as evident from budget spending on basic necessities only. Half (49.5%) of operators were married, 31.9% were single, 3.3% were divorced while 15.4% were widowed. Agricultural produce constituted the main items sold in the markets, and those were mostly fruits, vegetables and field crops. Fruits were acquired from commercial farmers while vegetables and field crops were from own households and local smallholder farmers. Key Words: Market, operator, smallholder farmer, Tshakhuma, Khumbe 1. Introduction Though agriculture has been identified as one of the three pillars of economic development in Limpopo Province, small-scale emerging farmers have great challenges in participating in product markets (Nesamvuni et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Eskom Holdings SOC Limited
    Eskom Holdings SOC Limited Environmen tal Impact Assessment for the Proposed 1x40 0kV Tabor-Bokmakirie (Nzhelele) and 4 X 250MVA 400kV/132kV Nzhelele Mai n Transmission Station, Limpopo Province SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT REPORT DEA EIA Reference Number: 14/12/16/3/3/2/317 NEAS Ref Number: DEA/EIA/0001132/2012 LDEDET Ref Number: 12/1/9/E-V178 Date: February 2013 Report Version: Draft 1 Lidwala Consulting Engineers (SA) (Pty) Ltd Randburg Office: Pretoria Office: 11th Church Avenue, Ruiterhof, Randburg, 2194, 1121 Hertzog Street, Office F005, Waverley, Pretoria, 0186, PO Box 4221, Northcliff, 2115. PO Box 32497, Waverley, Pretoria, 0135, Tel: 0861 543 9252 Tel/faxs: 0861 543 9252 Polokwane Office : Nelspruit Office: 128 Marshall Street, Amy Park no. 5, Polokwane 39 Emkhe Street, Nelpruit, 1200 PO Box 3558, Polokwane, 0700 PO Box 2930, Nelspruit, 1200 Tel: 0861 543 9252 Tel: 0861 543 9252 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Methodology 5 2. Social impacts expected during all project stages: 5 3. Description of the socio-economic setting – demographic information regarding the area in which the proposed line will be constructed: 6 3.1 Demographic profiles 7 3.2 Economic activities, Tourism and farming: 9 3.2.2 Tourism 9 3.2.3 Farming in the MLM 10 3.3 Employment rates and livelihoods 12 3.4 Access to services 12 3.4.1 Electricity 12 3.4.2. Access to water and sanitation facilities 13 3.4.3 Waste management 14 3.4.4 Transport 14 3.4.5 Educational facilities and libraries 14 3.4.6 Health facilities 15 3.4.7 Telecommunication and Postal Services 15 3.5 Conclusions from the social and economic environment within which the new power line is planned 16 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Tackling Public Enemy #2: Fighting a Deadly Fungus Screening to Prevent Cryptococcal Deaths
    Tackling Public Enemy #2: Fighting a deadly fungus Screening to Prevent Cryptococcal Deaths A common, deadly Weighing up strategies Screening to prevent Case studies and costly disease to prevent deaths deaths in South Africa Global burden of Fighting a deadly fungus HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis 800,000 720,000 700,000 600,000 A common, deadly Weighing up strategies Screening to prevent Case studies 500,000 and costly disease to prevent deaths deaths in South Africa 400,000 300,000 200,000 120,000 Estimated yearly cases Estimated yearly 100,000 54,400 27,200 7,800 7,800 500 6,500 13,600 100 0 North Latin Caribbean Western North Africa Sub-Saharan Eastern South and East Asia Oceania America America and Central and Middle Africa Europe and Southeast Europe East Central Asia Asia Region ~1 million new cases per year and ~ 625,000 deaths per year Park BJ, et al. AIDS 2009;23:525-30. High burden of cryptococcosis in High, early mortality amongst South Africa adults accessing ART in sub-Saharan Africa Incidence of cryptococcosis (n=17,005*) vs. number of persons on antiretroviral treatment (ART)** by year, Gauteng Province, 2002-2010 Incidence 25 ART 300000 250000 antiretroviral treatment antiretroviral treatment 20 Numberon of persons 200000 15 150000 persons 10 100000 5 Incidence (cases per 100,000 per 100,000 Incidence (cases 50000 0 0 2002: 2003: 2004: 2005: 2006: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2010: n=1,194 n=1,511 n=1,539 n=2,000 n=2,253 n=2,109 n=2,141 n=2,141 n=2,117 Year *Complete surveillance audits were conducted throughout; **ASSA-2003 model Lawn S, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Crop Production Practices by Farmers in Tshakhuma, Tshiombo and Rabali Areas in Limpopo Province of South Africa
    Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 6, No. 8; 2014 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Evaluation of Crop Production Practices by Farmers in Tshakhuma, Tshiombo and Rabali Areas in Limpopo Province of South Africa Sylvester Mpandeli1,2 1 University of Venda, School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences, Thohoyandou, South Africa 2 Water Research Commission of South Africa, South Africa Correspondence: Sylvester Mpandeli, Water Research Commission, Private Bag X 03, Gezina, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 25, 2014 Accepted: May 6, 2014 Online Published: July 15, 2014 doi:10.5539/jas.v6n8p10 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n8p10 Abstract Limpopo Province is characterised by high climatic variability. This is a serious problem in Limpopo Province considering the fact that the province is in a semi-arid area with low, unreliable rainfall. The rainfall distribution pattern, for example, in the Vhembe district is characterised by wet and dry periods depending on the geographical location. In the Vhembe district high rainfall is usually experienced in the Tshakhuma and Levubu areas. Most of the rainfall received in the Vhembe district is in the form of thunderstorms and showers, and this makes rainfall in the district vary considerably. The impact of lower rainfall has negative effects on the agricultural sector, low rainfall resulting in decreases in agricultural activities, loss of livestock, shortage of drinking water, low yields and shortage of seeds for subsequent cultivation. For example, farmers in Rabali area are supposed to use hybrid seeds due to lack of sufficient irrigation water and also poor rainfall distribution compared to farmers in areas such as Tshakhuma and Tshiombo areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Combining Approaches to Assess Economic Viability and Insitutional Arrangements in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes
    ENGREF Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts Department of Water Management CIRAD Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ECOLE NATIONALE DU GENIE RURAL DES EAUX ET DES FORETS ENGREF Combining Approaches to assess Economic Viability an d Insitutional Arrangements in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes November 2004 FINAL A Case Study in the Mauluma Irrigation Scheme Limpopo Province - South Africa CIRAD - TER A, num. 02/05 In cooperation with: Internship MSc Research Report Integrated Water Management Evelyn G. Keetelaar ENGREF Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts Department of Water Management CIRAD Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ECOLE NATIONALE DU GENIE RURAL DES EAUX ET DES FORETS ENGREF Combining Approaches to assess Economic Viability and Insitutional Arrangements in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes November 2004 FINAL A Case Study in the Mauluma Irrigation Scheme Limpopo Province - South Africa CIRAD - TERA, num. 02/05 Internship MSc Research Report Integrated Water Management Evelyn G. Keetelaar In cooperation with: University of Pretoria South Africa Supervision: Dr. Sylvain R. Perret , Agricultural Economics CIRAD & UP Guidance and support: Dr. Thierry Rieu , Agricultural Economics November 2004 ENGREF Assessing Economic Viability and Institutional Arrangements in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes Case Study in the Mauluma Irrigation Scheme, Limpopo Province – South Africa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document assembles research results and the knowledge I gained during a most valuable and meaningful research internship concerning water management and smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa. In particular, it reflects my close collaboration with various actors and individuals, whom I wish to thank for contributing to my work and investigations and for making this internship a precious and memorable experience.
    [Show full text]