Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Colorado National Monument

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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/231 ON THE COVER Wedding Canyon, Colorado National Monument, Colorado. National Park Service/Ron Young. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora Colorado National Monument

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/231

Authors Tim Hogan Nan Lederer University of Colorado Museum Herbarium 218 UCB Boulder, CO 80309

Walter Fertig Moenave Botanical Consulting 1117 W. Grand Canyon Dr. Kanab, UT 84741

Editing and Design Alice Wondrak Biel Northern Colorado Plateau Network National Park Service P.O. Box 848 Moab, UT 84532

July 2009

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that ad- dress natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Ser- vice and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public.

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This report is available from the Northern Colorado Plateau Network website, http://www.nature. nps.gov/im/units/NCPN, as well as at the Natural Resource Publications Management web site, http:// www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM.

Please cite this publication as:

Hogan, T., N. Lederer, and W. Fertig. 2009. Annotated checklist of vascular ﬂ ora: Colorado National Monument. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCPN/NRTR—2009/231. National Park Ser- vice, Fort Collins, Colorado.

NPS 119/100179, July 2009 ii Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Contents

Figures ...... v Tables ...... v Abstract ...... vii Acknowledgements ...... ix

1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background and justiﬁ cation ...... 1 1.2 Objectives ...... 1 1.3 Study area ...... 1 1.3.1 History and setting ...... 1 1.3.2 Geology ...... 2 1.3.3 Vegetation ...... 2 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies ...... 2

2 Methods ...... 7

3 Results ...... 9 3.1 Summary of the ﬂ ora of Colorado National Monument ...... 9 3.2 Life form and biogeographic diversity ...... 10 3.3 Plants of special concern ...... 10 3.4 Non-native species and noxious weeds ...... 10 4 Discussion ...... 13

5 Literature Cited ...... 15

Appendices ...... 19 Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes...... 21 Appendix B. Potential (unconfi rmed) vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument. ....65 Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument...... 83 Appendix D. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes...... 88

Contents iii

Figures

Figure 1.3.1. Location of Colorado National Monument, Mesa County, Colorado...... 3 Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa conﬁ rmed as present in Colorado National Monument by decade, 1930–2005...... 6

Tables

Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant-collecting efforts in Colorado National Monument...... 5 Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the ﬂ ora of Colorado National Monument...... 9 Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern from Colorado National Monument...... 11 Table 3.4. Noxious weed species of Colorado National Monument...... 12

Contents v

Abstract

In 2005–2006, the National Park Service’s Northern Colorado Plateau Network received funding to develop a revised checklist of the vascular plant fl ora of Colorado National Monument. This entailed a thorough review of existing literature, re-examination of specimens from the Colorado National Monument herbarium and other state and national museum collections, and additional fi eld work to corroborate unverifi ed species reports and locate new species. Based on this study, 467 vascular plant taxa have been confi rmed or reliably reported as occuring in the monument (414 are known from vali- dated herbarium specimens and 53 from unvouchered literature reports). Another 46 species formerly considered part of the monument fl ora have now been shown to be falsely reported. The current fl ora of Colorado National Monument represents about 15% of the known fl ora of Colorado, and 25% of the fl ora of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion within Colorado. Although no plant taxa are listed as threatened or endangered, at least 20 are considered species of concern by the state’s natural heritage program. Introduced plants make up 14% of the monument fl ora (66 species), of which 15 species are considered noxious weeds by the State of Colorado. Further surveys in Colorado National Monument are likely to fi nd additional new species (at least 296 taxa are known from similar habitats outside the monument boundary), especially among late-fl owering, weedy, or wetland taxa.

Contents vii

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project. Dr. Angela Evenden, botanist and former leader of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) program in Moab, Utah, was an active proponent of this project and helped secure funding for ﬁ eld work and herbarium studies in 2006. Libby Nance (former NCPN database specialist) and Margaret Beer (former NCPN database manager) assisted with development and quality control of the monument’s NPSpe- cies database. Libby Nance, Janet Coles, and Helen Thomas also provided data from recent vegetation mapping and wetland inventories on the monument. Thanks to Colorado National Monument staﬀ for providing logistical help with the herbarium review phase of the project. To any others whom we may have inadvertently forgotten, please accept our apologies (and thanks). Funding for this project was provided by the National Park Service Unit through the University of Wyoming.

Contents ix

vascular plants for each park unit in the network 1 Introduction (Evenden et al. 2002). This eff ort has entailed re- viewing existing species checklists, corroborating In 2006, the National Park Service (NPS) estab- the identifi cation of specimens in park museum lished a cooperative agreement with the Univer- and herbarium collections, locating additional sity of Wyoming, through the Rocky Mountains specimen records from other museums, mining Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, to produce relevant literature and datasets, and conducting a series of technical reports summarizing the vas- fi eld surveys to locate new taxa or confi rm un- cular plant fl ora of each of the 16 national park substantiated reports.† All of these data have been units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network synthesized in NPSpecies, the park service’s stan- (NCPN). These reports are based on existing in- dardized database for documenting park status formation in the park service’s NPSpecies data- (present, probably present, unconfi rmed, falsely base system and augmented by further data min- reported), abundance, residency, nativity, and ing, reviews of state and regional herbaria, and rarity. With the production of a technical series of new fi eld surveys to resolve the status of many reports on the fl ora of each park, the NPSpecies reported and unconfi rmed species. The objec- data will now be available to a broader audience. tive of these reports is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the fl ora of each park for the benefi t of NPS biologists and interpretive 1.2 Objectives staff , outside researchers, and the general public. The objectives of this project were to: The following report addresses the vascular fl ora of Colorado National Monument, in west-central 1. Document the current status (present, Colorado. Other NCPN park units are addressed reported, potential, or falsely reported) of all in separate reports. vascular plant species that have been cited as occurring in Colorado National Monument, based on a review of herbarium collections 1.1 Background and justifi cation and past literature. One of the primary missions of the NPS is “to conserve unimpaired the natural and cultural 2. Develop an annotated checklist of the fl ora resources and values of the national park sys- of Colorado National Monument, with tem for the enjoyment of this and future genera- supplemental information on taxonomic tions” (NPS 2000). Due to their high degree of synonyms, distribution, within-park abun- protection and distribution across a wide variety dance, fl owering period, growth form, nativ- of habitat types, the nation’s national park units ity, habitat, and sources for each record. make a signifi cant contribution to the protection of biological diversity (Noss and Cooperrider 1.3 Study area 1994). Unfortunately, the full contribution of the National Park System is not known, as many park 1.3.1 History and setting units have traditionally lacked comprehensive John Otto settled in the Grand Junction area of biological inventories or monitoring programs to western Colorado in the early 1900s, and soon identify the composition and condition of their became a champion of the colorful mesa and biota. Knowing the status of park fl ora and fauna canyon country bordering the southern end of is critical for eff ective park management and for Grand Valley. Although considered an eccentric systematically identifying and fi lling gaps in the by many, Otto successfully persuaded local civic nation’s protected area network (Margules and leaders to lobby the U.S. government to create Pressey 2000). a park to preserve the area’s unusual erosional features and scenery (Kania 1984). In May 1911, To rectify this shortcoming, Congress passed the President William Howard Taft established Colo- National Parks Omnibus Management Act in rado National Monument, and John Otto became 1998, to provide guidance and funding for an in- its fi rst offi cial caretaker. In 1933, President Her- ventory and monitoring program across the entire bert Hoover expanded the monument to include National Park System. Since 2000, the NCPN In- additional lands of historic and scientifi c interest ventory and Monitoring Program has been devel- (Evenden et al. 2002). oping and verifying species lists of vertebrates and

†Taxa refer to all named species, subspecies, and varieties.

Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Colorado National Monument (NM) encom- Plateau areas and canyons of the monument are passes 20,534 acres (8,310 ha) at the north end mostly vegetated by dense stands of two-needle of the Uncompahgre Plateau in west-central pinyon (Pinus edulis) and Utah juniper (Sabina Mesa County, Colorado. The monument is lo- [Juniperus] osteosperma). One isolated mesa sup- cated south of the Colorado River and Interstate ports a relict stand of two-needle pinyon and al- 70, about four miles west of Grand Junction and der-leaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus mon- three miles south of Fruita (Figure 1.3.1). El- tanus) (Van Pelt et al. 1991). The upper reaches of evations range from 4,620 feet (1,408 meters) to some drainages are clothed by thickets of Gambel 7,107 feet (2,166 meters). The climate is typical oak (Quercus gambelii). More open areas, espe- semi-desert of the Colorado Plateau, with an av- cially in canyon bottoms, are dominated by com- erage of less than 11 inches (280 millimeters) of munities of big sagebrush (Seriphidium [Artemi- annual precipitation, hot summer temperatures, sia] tridentatum), rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus and cool winters (Evenden et al. 2002). nauseosus), and greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). The long history of grazing in Colorado 1.3.2 Geology NM by cattle (and later by bison), has resulted in an extensive fl ora of non-native weedy species, The canyons and mesas of Colorado NM are especially along roadsides (Evenden et al. 2002). primarily carved from Mesozoic to early Ceno- Although there are no perennial streams or rivers zoic sandstones and mudstones (Chronic 1988). within Colorado NM, several seeps and ephem- The oldest rocks in the monument are 1–2 bil- eral washes support riparian vegetation of coyote lion year-old Precambrian metamorphic gneisses willow (Salix exigua), river birch (Betula occiden- and schists exposed in the lower canyon bottoms talis), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), and during uplift of the Uncompahgre Plateau. These tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) (Springer et al. strata are covered by three sequences of Triassic- 2006; Von Loh et al. 2007). aged sediments: slopes of reddish Chinle sand and mudstone, thick cliff s of Wingate sandstone, 1.3.4 Previous botanical studies and multicolored ledges of Kayenta sandstone and conglomerate. The Chinle and Kayenta for- Alice Eastwood, a Denver schoolteacher and mations were deposited in fl oodplain and stream later curator of the California Academy of Sci- environments, while the Wingate is derived from ence herbarium in San Francisco, visited the fossilized Sahara-like sand dunes. Uplift of the Grand Junction area in May 1892, and collected Uncompahgre area in the Jurassic removed any type specimens of at least 13 new vascular-plant trace of the Navajo and Carmel formations found species previously unknown to science (Weber elsewhere in the Colorado Plateau. Later in the et al. 1982). Location data from these specimens Jurassic, the monument was buried in coastal are vague, so it is unknown whether Eastwood sand dunes of the Entrada Formation, followed actually collected within the area that would be- by coastal fl oodplains of the Summerville and come Colorado National Monument. Colorado Morrison formations. The highest areas of the lumberman and amateur botanist George Oster- monument are capped by late Jurassic and early hout also collected in the Grand Junction area in Cretaceous stream deposits of the Burro Canyon 1921, and collected holotypes of three new spe- and Dakota formations. Late Cretaceous shales, cies to science. One of these specimens, named deposited by an inland sea, underlie much of Osterhout’s cryptanth (Oreocarya osterhoutii) by Grand Valley but were eroded off of monument Edwin Payson, was collected from “Monument lands during the most recent uplift of the Un- Park,” which may have been from Colorado NM. compahgre Plateau (Chronic 1998). The oldest collections that irrefutably come from within the monument were made by Francis Pen- 1.3.3 Vegetation nell and R. L. Schaeff er in 1938 (Table 1.3.4). Weber et al. (1982) recognized 15 general land- In 1948, Dr. William Weber, curator of the Uni- form and vegetation types within Mesa County versity of Colorado Herbarium, began his long- and Colorado NM. These have been aggregated term association with Colorado NM by collect- into four main categories for the sake of docu- ing vouchers of 95 new plant species (Table 1.3.4, menting habitat affi nity of the species listed in this Figure 1.3.4). Weber and his students continued report (Appendix D). A more detailed vegetation to add new records for the monument during the classifi cation has been prepared by Von Loh et al. 1950s (47 new species), but discoveries of new (2007). species tapered off in the 1960s (14 new taxa) and

2 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Colorado National Monument Colorado

To Fruita 70

50 Grand Junction, CO C o Visitor lo ra Center do R i ve r 340

0120.5 Map location Kilometers 0120.5 Miles

Established May 24, 1911 Legend 1,408–2,166 m elevation Intermittent streams Park boundary (NPS) (4,620–7,107 ft elevation) Rivers 8,310 ha (20,534 ac) U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Interstate Private Paved roads State Unpaved roads Black Ridge Canyons Wilderness Area (BLM) Unimproved/4WD roads NCPN boundary

MAP CREATED BY ANETH WIGHT, NCPN (DERIVED FROM EVENDEN ET AL. 2002)

Figure 1.3.1. Location of Colorado National Monument, Mesa County, Colorado.

Chapter 1: Introduction 3 1970s (6 new taxa). Over this same period, Weber Recent studies, sponsored by the NCPN, have re- and colleagues collected extensively just outside sulted in a new wave of fl oristic discovery at Col- Colorado NM and documented several dozen orado NM. Dewey and Andersen (2005) devel- species that have good potential to ultimately be oped a noxious-weed map for the monument in found within the park (Appendix B). 2003, and reported (without vouchers) two new exotic species. The NCPN vegetation-mapping During this same period, several other collec- team reported at least 50 new species for Colo- tors added new species to the fl ora of Colorado rado NM while producing a new vegetation map NM. Superintendent Pat Miller (assisted by Carol and classifi cation (Von Loh et al. 2007). In 2005, Miller and Pauline Bogart) collected 28 new taxa researcher Larry Stevens documented fi ve new from 1959 to 1961. Several specialists visited the riparian plant species while surveying seeps and monument to collect species of research inter- springs in the monument (Springer et al. 2006). est during the mid-1960s, including penstemon expert Francis Crosswhite and C. L. Porter, long- time curator of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium at the University of Wyoming. Phil Hackney collected more than 100 plant vouchers for the Col- orado NM herbarium in 1975, in the course of which he documented 35 new species.

Systematic fl oristic research resumed in the early 1980s, under the leadership of William Weber. From 1980 to 1984, 173 new species were documented by Weber and fellow University of Colo- rado botanists Vlad Siplivinsky, Claudia Rector, and Hans Beck (Weber et al. 1982). This eff ort increased the documented fl ora of Colorado NM by nearly 73% (Figure 1.3.4).

4 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Table 1.3.4. Chronology of plant-collecting efforts in Colorado National Monument. # of Year Collector(s) new Comments taxa 1892 A. Eastwood 0 Alice Eastwood collected the holotypes of at least 13 species from the vicinity of Grand Junction, although apparently none from within Colorado National Monument itself (Weber and Wittmann 1992). 1921 G. Osterhout 1? George Osterhout collected the type of Osterhout’s cryptanth (Oreocarya osterhoutii) from “Monument Park, Grand Junction,” which may be in Colorado NM (or immediate vicinity), as well as two other type specimens in the Grand Junction area (Weber and Wittman 1992). 1938 F. W. Pennell 2 Collections of bluestem penstemon (Penstemon cyanocaulis) and fl ixweed (Descurainia & R. L. sophia) are the earliest specimens irrefutably taken from Colorado NM. Schaeffer, Jr. 1948 W. A. Weber 95 First major fl oristic survey of Colorado NM and vicinity initiated by Weber and students from the University of Colorado. 1951– W. A. Weber 47 Additional collecting done in Colorado NM and vicinity. 1955 & S. Shushan 1959– P. Miller, C. 28 Pat Miller, Superintendent of Colorado NM, and colleagues collected 28 new species 1961 Miller, & P. for the local fl ora. Bogart 1962 W. A. Weber 14 Weber collected numerous additional specimens outside the monument (many of these taxa could potentially occur in the park). 1962– F. S. 8 Fewer than 20 collections were made during this period, mostly by specialists focusing 1968 Crosswhite, on particular taxa, rather than general fl oristic research. C. Davis, C. L. Porter 1975 P. Hackney 35 Phil Hackney (thought to be a park employee) made more than 100 collections for the Colorado NM herbarium (Hogan & Lederer 2006). 1978– W. A. Weber, 6 Large number of collections by Weber, but mostly from just outside the monument. 1979 C. Rector, V. Black, & K. Hambly 1980– W. A. Weber, 173 Major fl oristic survey initited by Weber and colleagues from the University of Colorado 1984 V. Siplivisnky, herbarium, funded by the National Park Service (Weber et al. 1982). Additional H. Beck, C. collections by Steve Popovich (then an NPS seasonal) in 1984 have not been relocated Rector (Hogan & Lederer 2006). 1990 P. Larson 1 Pete Larson (1990) mapped populations of Canada thistle (Breea arvense). reported 2003 S. Dewey, K. 52 Dewey and Andersen (2005) documented 2 new weed species (without vouchers) and Andersen, reported the NCPN vegetation-mapping team reported 50 new species (also without vouchers) & NCPN (Von Loh et al. 2007). vegetation mapping team 2005 L. Stevens 5 Five new riparian species were discovered during NCPN springs and seeps inventory (Springer et al. 2006).

Chapter 1: Introduction 5 450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100 Number of vascular taxa 50 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 Year

Figure 1.3.4. Increase in the number of plant taxa conﬁ rmed as present in Colorado National Monument by decade, 1930–2005.

6 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Each list was annotated with supplemental in- 2 Methods formation on life form, geographic range (within the context of Colorado), population size in the In 2005, Tim Hogan and Nan Lederer, of the monument (derived from Von Loh et al. 2007, University of Colorado Museum Herbarium, re- Weber et al. 1982, and fi eld observations), fl ower- viewed all mounted specimens in the Colorado ing period, distribution across general vegetation National Monument (COLM) herbarium to de- types, nativity, data source (collector and col- termine whether each was correctly identifi ed lection number from a sample specimen or lit- to species, subspecies, or variety following the erature citation), year of earliest collection (from nomenclature of Weber and Wittmann (2001). herbarium records), and relevant synonymy and Hogan and Lederer (2006) also reviewed relevant taxonomic problems (based on review of Bark- herbarium collections from the University of worth et al. 2003, 2007; Barneby 1989; Cronquist Colorado (COLO). As necessary, they made cor- 1994; Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; rections and annotations to each specimen and Dorn 2001; Flora of North America Editorial to the voucher records in the monument’s Auto- Committee 1993, 1997, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, mated National Cataloging System (ANCS+) and 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c; Holmgren et al. 2005; NPSpecies database. Kartesz 2003; and Welsh et al. 2003). The annotations to these lists and label data from the COLM Based on this herbarium work and a review of herbarium review were then incorporated into park references (Dewey and Andersen 2005; the NPSpecies database for the monument. Springer et al. 2006; Von Lon et al. 2007; Weber et al. 1982, 2005), we developed four lists:

1. A revised checklist of species that were present in the monument (confi rmed by an authenticated voucher; included in Appen- dices A and D); 2. A list of species that were reported in the literature but not corroborated with a voucher (equivalent to “probably present” in NPSpe- cies terminology; included in Appendices A and D); 3. A list of potential species (“unconfi rmed” in NPSpecies) known from the vicinity of Colorado NM based on Weber et al. (1982) and data from the University of Colorado Museum Herbarium digital specimen database (www.cumuseum. colorado.edu/ Research/Botany/Databases/ search.php) (included in Appendix B); and 4. A list of species that are now known to be misidentifi ed or highly questionable (Ap- pendix C).

Chapter 2: Methods 7

3 Results at 414 (Table 3.1, Appendices A, D). Currently, 53 additional taxa have been reported for Colorado NM but have not been corroborated 3.1 Summary of the fl ora of Colorado with a voucher specimen (Table 3.1, Appendix A). National Monument Of these, 50 were based on observations by the Tim Hogan and Nan Lederer, of the University NCPN vegetation-mapping crew (Von Loh et al. of Colorado Museum, examined 1,844 vascular 2007) and 3 from recent weed-mapping studies plant specimens in the COLM and COLO her- (Dewey and Andersen 2005; Larson 1990). Taken baria in 2005, to check for misidentifi cations and together, the number of confi rmed and reported update nomenclature (Hogan and Lederer 2006). vascular plant taxa in Colorado NM is 467 (Table Of these collections, 83 were misidentifi ed (4.5%), 3.1, Appendices A, D). 252 were revised to a more current name (13.7%), 24 had variety or subspecies names added (1.3%), Based on a review of literature and herbarium and 1,485 were found to be correctly determined specimens, we recognize 296 species (Appendix (80.5%). Based on these collections and addition- B) that could still potentially be found within Col- al specimens from the NCPN springs and seeps orado NM (Weber et al. 1982, 2005; Hogan and survey (Springer et al. 2006), the number of plant Lederer NPSpecies database 2006). Most of these taxa confi rmed as occurring in Colorado Nation- species are known from comparable habitats al Monument with authenticated vouchers stands elsewhere in Mesa County or have been collected

Table 3.1. Statistical summary of the ﬂ ora of Colorado National Monument. Number Number Category conﬁ rmed additionally Total in park reported for park Taxonomic diversity Total taxa 414 53 467 (including varieties and subspecies) Full species 406 52 458 (excluding varieties and subspecies) Families 77 3 80 Life form diversity Tree taxa 18 3 21 Shrub taxa 63 8 71 Perennial forb taxa 182 26 208 Annual forb taxa 70 8 78 Perennial graminoid taxa 57 6 63 Annual graminoid taxa 14 2 16 Fern taxa 10 0 10 Biogeographic diversity Introduced taxa 56 10 66 Native taxa Locally endemic taxa 3 0 3 Regionally endemic taxa 41 2 43 Disjunct taxa 0 0 0 Peripheral taxa 17 2 19 Sparse taxa 4 0 4 Widespread taxa 293 39 332 Total native taxa 358 43 401 The number of taxa and families is based on taxonomic concepts of Weber and Wittmann (2001). See appendices for an explanation of the various categories.

Chapter 3: Results 9 from within a 5–7-mile radius of the monument. 3.3 Plants of special concern

Of the pool of species documented or reported Colorado National Monument has no plants for Colorado NM, we have found that 36 taxa listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. were falsely reported based on misidentifi ed Endangered Species Act. Canyonlands lomatium voucher specimens in the COLM and COLO her- (Aletes latilobus) is the only species known from baria. We consider an additional 10 species cited the monument that was formerly a Category 2 (but not vouchered) by the NCPN vegetation- candidate for listing under the act (Table 3.3) mapping team (Von Loh et al. 2007) to be ques- (Spackman et al. 1997). The Colorado Natural tionable based on the absence of suitable habitat Heritage Program (2007) tracks 18 taxa known or the distance of Colorado NM to the known or from Colorado NM as species of concern and 2 expected range of each species (Appendix C). others on its watch list of potential species of concern (Table 3.3). Lyon et al. (1996) discuss the dis- The confi rmed and reported fl ora of Colorado tribution of 14 rare plants within the monument NM represents 14.8% of the 3,145 native and in more detail. naturalized taxa documented for the state of Col- orado by Weber and Wittmann (1992), and 50% 3.4 Non-native species and noxious of the state’s 160 plant families (Table 3.1). At the weeds ecoregional scale, Colorado NM contains 24.6% of the 1,898 species reported for the Colorado Introduced plant species (not historically native portion of the Colorado Plateau (Kartesz 2003). to Colorado or North America) make up 14.1% of the confi rmed and reported fl ora of Colorado NM (see Table 3.1). This fi gure is lower than the 3.2 Life form and biogeographic statewide average of 15.6% for non-native spe- diversity cies (Rejmanek and Randall 1994). Of the monu- Although ecologically dominant, tree and shrub ment’s 66 introduced plant species, 15 are listed species make up only 19.7% of the confi rmed and as noxious by the State of Colorado (Table 3.4) reported plant taxa of Colorado NM (see Table (Dewey and Andersen 2005; CDA 2007). Plants 3.1). Perennial forbs are the most species-rich life on the Colorado state noxious-weed list fall into form in the monument’s fl ora, with 208 known three categories with diff ering management objec- and reported taxa (44.5% of the total fl ora). Annu- tives and requirements (Colorado Noxious Weed al forbs and grass-like plants comprise 20% of the Act of 1996 Title 35 Article 5.5). Weeds on List A fl ora. Like trees and shrubs, perennial graminoids are designated for full eradication wherever they are ecologically important but relatively species- occur. Containment of infestations is the goal for poor, representing just 13.5% of the total fl ora. species on List B, and voluntary control, educa- The diversity of ferns and fern-allies in Colorado tion, and research is the objective for species on NM is especially low (2.1%) (see Table 3.1). List C. Currently, seven species from Colorado NM are on List B and eight are on List C; none Of the monument’s 401 native taxa, 332 (82.8%) is on List A (Table 3.4). Dewey and Andersen are widespread across Colorado and western (2005) and Larson (1990) mapped infestations of North America. Only three species (0.7% of the 16 non-native species within the monument. In native fl ora) have extremely limited global dis- general, weedy species are most prevalent along tributions (local endemics found within an area roadsides, wash bottoms, and areas impacted by of less than 1° of latitude × 2° of longitude; see past bison grazing (Evenden et al. 2002). appendices for complete defi nitions of biogeographic categories). Regional endemics (largely restricted to the Colorado Plateau) comprise an additional 10.7% of the native monument fl ora (see Table 3.1). Species at the extreme edge of their global range in Colorado (peripherals) and those found sparsely over a wide range, make up 4.7% and 1.0% of the monument’s native fl ora, respectively (see Table 3.1).

10 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Table 3.3. Plant species of conservation concern from Colorado National Monument.

TNC Family Species Common name global Legal status CNHP status rank Alliaceae Allium nevadense Nevada onion G4 SOC, S2 Apiaceae Aletes eastwoodiae Eastwood’s desert- G3 Watch, S3 (Lomatium eastwoodiae) parsley Apiaceae Aletes latilobus Canyonlands lomatium G1 CO BLM: Sensitive, SOC, S1 (Lomatium latilobum) USFWS: former C2 candidate Asteraceae Grindelia fastigiata erect gumweed G3 SOC, S3? Boraginaceae Oreocarya longifl ora long-fl ower cryptanth G3 SOC, S3 (Cryptantha longifl ora) Boraginaceae Oreocarya osterhoutii Osterhout’s cryptanth G2G3 CO BLM: Sensitive SOC, S2 (Cryptantha osterhoutii) Crossosomat- Forsellesia meionandra spiny greasebush G5T3 SOC, S3 aceae Fabaceae Astragalus eastwoodiae Eastwood’s milkvetch G3 SOC, S3 Fabaceae Pediomelum aromaticum aromatic breadroot G3 CO BLM: Sensitive SOC, S2 Fabaceae Pediomelum large-fl owered G4? Watch, S3S4 megalanthum breadroot Gentianaceae Centaurium exaltatum Great Basin centaury G5 SOC, S1 Hydrophyllaceae Nama dichotomum wishbone fi ddleleaf G4 SOC, S1 Poaceae Muhlenbergia sixweeks muhly G5 SOC, S1 depauperata Poaceae Sporobolus fl exuosus mesa dropseed G5 SOC, S1S2 Polemoniaceae Gilia stenothyrsa Uinta gilia G2 CO BLM: Sensitive SOC, S1 Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon watsonii Watson’s prickly-phlox G3G5 SOC, S2 Polygonaceae Eriogonum palmerianum Palmer’s wild buckwheat G4 SOC, S1 Portulacaceae Portulaca halimoides dwarf purslane G5 SOC, S1 (P. parvula) Sinopteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Fendler’s cloak-fern G3 SOC, S3 Sinopteridaceae Pellaea atropurpurea purple cliff-brake G5 SOC, S2S3 This list was derived from the Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP 2007). All species are confi rmed as present in the monument except for Gilia stenothyrsa.

Codes: TNC global rank assesses abundance and conservation priority on a scale of 1–5 (1 being extremely vulnerable and 5 being secure) for full species (G) and varieties or subspecies (T) across their entire range. A “?” indicates uncertainty in the rank, Q = taxonomic questions, and NR = not ranked. A comparable scoring system is used to measure state abundance (S) in Colorado under the column CNHP status. TNC = The Nature Conservancy. Under legal status, USFWS = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. CO BLM = U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Colorado Ofﬁ ce. C2 = Category 2 candidate (a former category used for taxa that might warrant being proposed for threatened or endangered status following additional research). Under CNHP status, SOC denotes plants on the state “Species of Concern” list and Watch indicates species on the watch list that may ultimately warrant listing as species of concern (CNHP 2007).

Chapter 3: Results 11 Table 3.4. Noxious weed species of Colorado National Monument.

CO noxious Family Species Common name Park status weed list Apiaceae Conium maculatum poison-hemlock Reported List C Asteraceae Acroptilon repens Russian knapweed Present List B (Centaurea repens) Asteraceae Arctium minus burdock Present List C Asteraceae Breea arvense Canada thistle Reported List B (Cirsium arvense) Asteraceae Cichorium intybus chicory Present List C Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare bull thistle Present List B Chenopodiaceae Halogeton glomeratus halogeton Present List C Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis ﬁ eld bindweed Present List C Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian-olive Present List B Poaceae Anisantha tectorum cheatgrass Present List C (Bromus tectorum) Poaceae Elytrigia repens quackgrass Present List B (Elymus repens) Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs Present List B Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus woolly mullein Present List C Tamaricaceae Tamarix ramosissima ﬁ ve-stamen tamarisk Present List B (Tamarix chinensis) Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris puncture vine Present List C This list was derived from the Colorado Department of Agriculture (2007).

12 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Should all of these potential species be found, the 4 Discussion fl ora of Colorado NM would increase by nearly 38%. Many of the “missing” potential or reported Thanks primarily to long-term research by Dr. taxa consist of cryptic species that fl ower late in William Weber and colleagues associated with the growing season, or occur in undersampled the University of Colorado Museum Herbarium, wetland or weedy habitats. Confi rmation of re- 414 vascular plant taxa have been confi rmed as ported species should remain a high priority, as occurring in Colorado National Monument (Ap- some of these taxa may ultimately prove to be er- pendix A). Another 53 species have been recently roneous. Additional studies would also be useful reported for the monument (without herbarium to better refi ne the abundance and distribution of vouchers) and 296 additional species have been species of high management interest (especially documented from the vicinity (Appendix A, B). rare plants and invasive non-natives).

Chapter 4: Discussion 13

——. 1984. Volume 4, Subclass Asteridae (except 5 Literature Cited Asteraceae). Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, and Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. M.B. Piep, eds. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Com- 573 pp. melinidae (in part): Poaceae, part 2. Flora of North America north of Mexico, volume 25. Cronquist, A., N. H. Holmgren, and P. K. Hol- New York: Oxford University Press. 783 pp. mgren, eds. 1997. Volume 3, Part A, subclass Rosidae (except Fabales). Intermountain Barkworth, M. E., K. M. Capels, S. Long, L. K. fl ora: Vascular plants of the Intermountain Anderton, and M. B. Piep, eds. 2007. Mag- West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botani- noliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Poace- cal Garden. 446 pp. ae, part 1. Flora of North America north of Mexico, volume 24. New York: Oxford Dewey, S., and K. Andersen. 2005. An inventory University Press. 911 pp. of invasive non-native plants in Colorado National Monument (2003): Final report. Barneby, R. C. 1989. Volume 3, Part B. Fabales. Utah State University. Weed Science Re- In Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. search Project # SD0516A. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, eds., Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular plants of Wyoming. the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: Third edition. Cheyenne, Wy.: Mountain New York Botanical Garden. 279 pp. West Publishing. 412 pp. Chronic, H. 1988. Pages of stone: Geology of Evenden, A., M. Miller, M. Beer, E. Nance, S. western national parks and monuments: Daw, A. Wight, M. Estenson, and L. Cudlip. Grand Canyon and the plateau country. 2002. Northern Colorado Plateau Vital Seattle, Wa.: The Mountaineers. 158 pp. Signs Network and Prototype Cluster plan for natural resources monitoring: Phase I Colorado Department of Agriculture (CDA). report. October 1. Two volumes. National 2007. Colorado noxious weed list. www. Park Service, Northern Colorado Plateau cepep.colostate.edu/noxious.htm#CONWA. Network, Moab, Ut. 138 pp + app. Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP). Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2007. Tracked vascular plant species 1993. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. (8/16/2007 version). www.cnhp.colostate. Flora of North America north of Mexico, edu/tracking/vascular.html. volume 2. New York: Oxford University Cronquist, A. 1994. Volume 5, Asterales. In Press. 475 pp. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. ——. 1997. Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Holmgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, Hamamelidae. Flora of North America eds., Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of north of Mexico, volume 3. New York: Ox- the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: ford University Press. 590 pp. New York Botanical Garden. 496 pp. ——. 2000. Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Are- Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Holmgren, cidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zin- and J. L. Reveal, eds. 1972. Volume 1, Geo- giberidae. Flora of North America north logical and botanical history of the region, of Mexico, volume 22. New York: Oxford its plant geography and a glossary. The University Press. 352 pp. vascular cryptogams and the gymnosperms. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the ——. 2002a. Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: part): Cyperaceae. Flora of North America New York Botanical Garden. 270 pp. north of Mexico, volume 23. New York: Oxford University Press. 608 pp. Cronquist, A., A. H. Holmgren, N. H. Hol- mgren, J. L. Reveal, and P. K. Holmgren, ——. 2002b. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and eds. 1977. Volume 6, The monocotyledons. Orchidales. Flora of North America north Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants of the of Mexico, volume 26. New York: Oxford Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, N.Y.: University Press. 723 pp. New York Botanical Garden. 584 pp.

Chapter 5: Literature Cited 15 ——. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part National Park Service. 2000. Management Poli- 1. Flora of North America north of Mexico. cies. U.S. Department of Interior, National Volume 4. New York: Oxford University Park Service, Washington, D.C. Publication Press. 559 pp. # NPS D1416. 137 pp. ——. 2005. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part Noss, R. F., and A. Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving 2. Flora of North America north of Mexico. nature’s legacy: Protecting and restoring Volume 5. New York: Oxford University biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Press. 656 pp. 416 pp. ——. 2006a. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Rejmanek, M., and J. M. Randall. 1994. Invasive Asteraceae, part 1. Flora of North America alien plants in California: 1993 summary north of Mexico. Volume 19. New York: and comparison with other areas in North Oxford University Press. 579 pp. America. Madrono 41(3):161–177. ——. 2006b. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 7: Sheviak, C. J., and W. F. Jennings. 2006. A new Asteraceae, part 2. Flora of North America Platanthera (Orchidaceae) from the Inter- north of Mexico. Volume 20. New York: mountain West. Rhodora 108:19–31. Oxford University Press. 666 pp. Spackman, S., B. Jennings, J. Coles, C. Dawson, ——. 2006c. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: M. Minton, A. Kratz, and C. Spurrier. 1997. Asteraceae, part 3. Flora of North America Colorado rare plant fi eld guide. Prepared north of Mexico. Volume 21. New York: for the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Oxford University Press. 616 pp. Forest Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by the Colorado Natural Heritage Hogan, T., and N. Lederer. 2006. Vascular plant Program, Ft. Collins, Co. species list project: COLM herbarium review and species list for Colorado National Springer, A. E., L. E. Stevens, and R. Harms. Monument (COLM) fi nal report. University 2006. Inventory and classifi cation of selected of Colorado Museum Herbarium, Boulder, National Park Service springs on the Colo- Co. rado Plateau. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff , Az. NPS Cooperative Agreement # Holmgren, N. H., P. K. Holmgren, and A. Cron- CA 1200-99-009; Task # NAU-118. quist. 2005. Volume 2, part B, subclass Dille- niidae. Intermountain fl ora: Vascular plants Van Pelt, N. S., C. D. Schelz, and D. W. Johnson. of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. Bronx, 1991. Relict vegetation site descriptions, vol- N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. 488 pp. ume I: Canyonlands National Park, Natural Bridges National Monument, and Colorado Kania, A. J. 1984. John Otto of Colorado Na- National Monument. Report prepared for tional Monument. Boulder, Co.: Roberts the National Park Service by The Nature Rinehart, Inc. 183 pp. Conservancy Great Basin Field Offi ce, Salt Kartesz, J. T. 2003. Synthesis of the North Ameri- Lake City, Ut. 160 pp. can fl ora, Version 2.0. Von Loh, J., K. Langdorf, A. Evenden, T. Ow- Larson, P. 1990. Assessment of Canada thistle in ens, S. Blauer, and M. Reid. 2007. Vegeta- Colorado National Monument. University tion classifi cation and mapping project of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Co. 7 pp. report, Colorado National Monument. Natural Resource Report NPS/NCPN/ Lyon, P., C. Pague, R. Rondeau, L. Renner, C. NRTR/2007/061. National Park Service, Ft. Slater, and C. Richard. 1996. Natural heri- Collins, Co. tage inventory of Mesa County, Colorado. Report to Mesa County Commissioners. Weber, W. A., V. Siplivinsky, and C. Rector. 1982. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Fort Checklist of vascular plants of Colorado Na- Collins, Co. tional Monument. Report prepared by the University of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Margules, C. R., and R. L. Pressey. 2000. Sys- Co. tematic conservation planning. Nature 405:243–253.

16 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Weber, W. A., V. Siplivinsky, H. Beck, and C. ——. 2001. Colorado fl ora: Western Slope. Third Rector. 2005. Checklist of vascular plants edition. Boulder: University Press of Colo- of Mesa County, Colorado, and Colorado rado. 488 pp. National Monument, preliminary working Welsh, S. L., N. D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L. document. Report prepared by the Univer- C. Higgins. 2003. A Utah fl ora. Third edition, sity of Colorado Museum, Boulder, Co. revised. Provo, Ut.: Brigham Young Univer- Weber, W. A., and R. C. Wittmann. 1992. Catalog sity. 912 pp. of the Colorado fl ora: A biodiversity base- line. Niwot, Co.: University Press of Colora- do. Revised electronic version, January 2000, http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/ Botany/Databases/vascular_plants.pdf.

Chapter 5: Literature Cited 17

mgren et al. 2005; Welsh et al. 2003). No eff ort has been Appendices made to identify additional synonyms from monographs and fl oras preceding the early 1970s. The following appendices contain annotated checklists of the vascular fl ora of Colorado National Monument. Common name (Appendices A, B, C, and D) Common names are derived primarily from Welsh et al. Appendix A lists all species that have been confi rmed for (2003) and the Intermountain Flora (Barneby 1989; Cron- the fl ora with an authenticated voucher specimen (includ- quist 1994; Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; Hol- ing extant and historical records) or that have been reliably mgren et al. 2005). reported for the monument in the literature (Dewey and Andersen 2005; Springer et al. 2006; Von Loh et al. 2007; Life form (Appendices A, B, C, and D) Weber et al. 1982, 2005). Vouchers were examined from the Colorado NM (COLM) and University of Colorado Life form is based on the stature and growth habit of typi- (COLO) herbaria and the digital museum database of Col- cal members of a species at reproductive maturity. Trees orado State University (CSU). Species entries in Appendix are woody perennials with a single stem or trunk and are A are organized alphabetically by family and genus. typically over 3.5 m tall. Shrubs are woody perennials with one to many trunks arising from near the base of the Appendix B includes species that may potentially oc- plant and are usually less than 3.5 m tall. Perennial Forbs cur within Colorado NM, based on the proximity of the (PerF) are broad-leaved dicots or monocots with non- monument to other populations or the presence of suit- woody stems (at least above ground level) that live for mul- able habitat. tiple years. Annual Forbs (AnnF) are broad-leaved dicots or monocots with non-woody stems that complete their Appendix C lists species that have been previously re- life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) in one year. Perennial ported for Colorado NM, but are now considered errone- Graminoids (PerG) are linear-leaved, grass-like monocots ous because they are based on misidentifi ed specimens or that live for multiple years. Annual Graminoids (AnnG) questionable literature records. are linear-leaved, grass-like monocots that complete their life cycle (mature, fl ower, and die) in one year. Ferns and Appendix D contains the same confi rmed, historical, and fern-allies (Fern) are non-fl owering vascular plants that reported taxa as in Appendix A, but organized by life form reproduce by spores. rather than by family in order to better meet the needs of NPS interpretive specialists. Range (Appendices A, B, and C) Range represents the distribution of a species within Colo- The codes and references for each fi eld in the appropriate rado and the state’s contribution to the plant’s overall glob- appendices are summarized below. al range. Disjunct (Disj) taxa have their Colorado distribu- Family (Appendices A, B, C, and D) tion separated from the main, contiguous portion of their range by a gap of more than 800 km (ca 500 miles). Intro- Family concepts and nomenclature follow Colorado Flora: duced (Intro) taxa are those that are not native to Colora- Western Slope, third edition (Weber and Wittmann 2001). do or North America but which have become naturalized Alternative family names and treatments from other re- (breeding on their own without human assistance). Local gional fl oras (Dorn 2001; Flora of North America Editorial Endemics (LocEn) are taxa whose entire global range is Committee 1993, 2002b; Holmgren et al. 2005; Welsh et al. restricted to an area of less than 16,500 km2 (ca 6,370 mi2, 2003) are listed in parentheses. or 1° of latitude × 2° of longitude). Peripheral (Periph) taxa have a widespread global distribution but occur at the Species name (Appendices A, B, C, and D) margin of their contiguous range in Colorado and occupy Nomenclature for scientifi c names and taxonomic con- less than 5% of the state’s area (usually only within a few cepts are derived from Weber and Wittmann (2001). Sci- miles of the state border). Regional Endemics (RegEn) are entifi c names are listed in alphabetical rather than phylo- taxa with a global range of 16,500–250,000 km2 (an area genetic order. about the size of the state of Wyoming). Sparse taxa occur widely across Colorado or North America but their range Synonyms/Taxonomic notes (Appendices A, B, and C) within Colorado is small and patchy, with populations re- Pertinent synonyms are included for species with alterna- stricted to specialized or uncommon habitats. Widespread tive scientifi c names in other recent state and regional fl or- (Wide) taxa have global ranges exceeding 250,000 km2 and as (Barkworth et al. 2003, 2007; Barneby 1989; Cronquist occur over at least 10% of the state. 1994; Cronquist et al. 1972, 1977, 1984, 1997; Dorn 2001; Flora of North America Editorial Committee 1993, 1997, Park status (Appendices A, C, and D) 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c; Hol- Park status identifi es whether a species is Present (Pres),

Chapter 6: Appendices 19 Historical (Hist), or Reported (Rep) for Colorado NM. Year doc. (Appendix A) Species are considered Present if a confi rmed voucher or Year documented indicates the fi rst year in which a spe- documented observation has been made within monu- cies was confi rmed or reported to occur in Colorado NM. ment boundaries since 1970. Historical species have been This year does not necessarily correspond with the date of confi rmed with a voucher from the monument but have the voucher specimen cited under Source. “NA” indicates not been relocated since before 1970. Reported species that the fi rst year is not known (used only for “reported” are listed for the monument in the literature (Springer et taxa). al. 2006; Von Loh et al. 2007; Weber et al. 1982, 2005), but have not been corroborated with a voucher specimen. Comments (Appendices A, B, C, and D) Species that may potentially occur in Colorado NM are This column includes additional comments on the status listed in Appendix B. Rejected taxa (listed in Appendix C) of a particular species in the monument, the place of ori- have either been falsely reported (FalsRep) in the litera- gin for introduced species, legal status, and other data. ture based on misidentifi ed herbarium specimens or are considered Questionable (Ques?) because park reports Nativity (Appendix D) are from well outside their known or expected range. Nativity indicates whether a species is native to Colorado Pop. size (Appendix A) or Introduced (Intro) based on Weber and Wittmann (2001) and the Flora of North America Editorial Commit- Population size refers to the abundance and frequency with tee (1993, 1997, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2005, 2006a, which a species occurs within Colorado NM. Abundance 2006b, 2006c). data are derived from Von Loh et al. (2007), Weber et al. (1982), and personal observations. Abundant (Abun) taxa Flower time (Appendix D) have large populations, a broad ecological amplitude (of- Flower time refers to the months in which a species is most ten being dominant in one to several vegetation types), or likely to be in fl ower. NA indicates a species that is a non- occur extensively across the monument. Common (Com) fl owering fern or gymnosperm. taxa have large local populations but may be restricted to a single vegetation type or do not occur across the entire Habitat (Appendix D) monument. Uncommon (Unc) taxa have low to medium- sized populations, typically have a narrow ecological am- The distribution of species across generalized habitats plitude (or at least contribute relatively little to total veg- in Colorado NM is indicated by an “X” in the columns etative cover), or have a small range across the monument. Sage Shrub through Wet, and is derived from Von Loh et Rare taxa usually have low population numbers and are al. (2007) and Weber et al. (1982). Sage Shrub = commu- restricted to a single location within the monument. A “?” nities dominated by big sagebrush. PinJun = two-needle indicates that population size is unknown. pinyon-Utah juniper woodlands/rimrock. Oak Shrub = woodlands dominated by Gambel oak and other montane Source (Appendix A) shrubs. Wet = Wetlands (including seeps and springs). Additional comments are included for species that are Sources are the evidence for the assigned park status. In restricted to a particular soil/geologic type or are found the case of Present and Historical taxa, sources are her- mostly in disturbed sites. barium records (with collector, collection number, and repository) that were corroborated during this study. For reported taxa, the source is a published or unpublished reference citing the species within the monument. Speci- men repositories include the Colorado NM herbarium (COLM), University of Colorado (COLO), and Colorado State University (CSU).

20 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument

E. kingii c name c uintahensis. Comments ssp. represent Year Year doc. 2003 1959 1982 1979 1948 1961 1948 1982 1948 2003 Reports may Source (2007) & Beck 3790 (COLM) & Beck 4285 (COLM) Hambly s.n. (COLM) (COLO) Bogart s.n. (COLM) (COLO) (COLO) 3162 (COLM) (2007) Pop. size Park status Range Life Form PerF Wide Rep Unc Loh et al. Von Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky PerF Wide Rep Unc Loh et al. Von Common name Hooker’s Hooker’s sandwort Rocky Mountain maple box elder Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky box-elder Tree Intro Pres Rare black & Harriman’s yuccaHarriman’s Shrub Wide Pres Unc 3895 Weber taper-tip oniontaper-tip PerF Wide Pres Unc Miller & Nevada onion PerF Periph Pres Rare 3884 Weber textile onion PerF Wide Pres Unc 17474 Weber pink funnel-lily PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky Fendler’s Fendler’s sandwort

var. &

, var. A. var. , interius var. douglasii , Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Includes vars. glabrum Arenaria hookeri tripartitum neomexicanum negundo Acer negundo Acer negundo violaceum harrimaniae Arenaria fendleri fendleri

ssp. ssp. orum Acer glabrum Eremogone hookeri Negundo aceroides interius Negundo aceroides violaceum Yucca harrimaniaeYucca harrimaniae Y. Allium acuminatum Allium nevadense Allium textile Androstephium brevifl Eremogone fendleri vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi rmed, historical, and reported FamilyAceraceae Species name (Caryophyllaceae) Aceraceae Aceraceae Agavaceae Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae, Themidaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Alsinaceae with taxonomic and biogeographic notes. Appendix A. Confi

Chapter 6: Appendices 21 22

Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic Annotated Checklist ofVascular Flora: ColoradoNationalMonument and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Alsinaceae Eremogone kingii E. kingii var. basin sandwort PerF Wide Pres Com Weber, 1948 May include (Caryophyllaceae) ssp. uintahensis glabrescens, E. Wittmann, & reports of Arenaria eastwoodiae, Rector 16109 fendleri from Arenaria kingii ssp. (COLM) NCPN veg mapping uintahensis, A. kingii team. Type locality ssp. plateauensis, A. of E. eastwoodiae kingii ssp. compacta, is Grand Junction, A. fendleri var. Mesa Co., CO glabrescens (Eastwood s.n. NY) Amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus tumble pigweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to tropical 5030 (COLM) America Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica R. trilobata var. squawbush Shrub Wide Pres Com Weber 15799 1948 Siplivinsky # ssp. trilobata trilobata (COLO) 5030 belongs to var. simplicifolia (considered a ‘forma’ by Weber & Wittmann 2001) Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron Rhus radicans, T. western poison Shrub Wide Pres Unc Rector 3 1980 rydbergii radicans ivy (COLO) Apiaceae Aletes Lomatium Eastwood’s PerF LocEn Pres Unc Weber 3814 1948 Type locality is (Umbelliferae) eastwoodiae eastwoodiae. desert-parsley (COLO) Grand Junction, Included in L. parryi Mesa Co., CO by some authors. (Eastwood s.n. US) Apiaceae Aletes latilobus Lomatium latilobum Canyonlands PerF LocEn Pres Unc Weber 15804 1980 USFS: Region (Umbelliferae) lomatium (COLO) 4 Sensitive, CO

BLM: Sensitive, USFWS: former C2 candidate. Type locality is Wilson Mesa, Grand Co., UT (Rydberg & Garrett 8371 NY) Apiaceae Conium poison-hemlock PerF Intro Rep Rare Dewey and 2003 CO state noxious (Umbelliferae) maculatum Andersen weed (List C). (2005) Native to Eurasia. Apiaceae Cymopterus onion spring- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1948 (Umbelliferae) bulbosus parsley Rector 3353 (COLM) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Apiaceae Cymopterus C. acaulis var. Fendler’s PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 (Umbelliferae) fendleri fendleri, C. cymopterus 3180 (COLM) glomeratus Apiaceae Cymopterus C. purpureus var. Colorado Plateau PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1954 (Umbelliferae) purpureus purpureus spring-parsley Rector 3368 (COLM) Apiaceae Lomatium grayi L. grayi var. grayi milfoil lomatium PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Umbelliferae) (2007) Apocynaceae Apocynum Includes vars. common PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 cannabinum cannabinum, dogbane & Beck 3830 glaberrimum, & (COLO) angustifolium Asclepiadaceae Asclepias asperula spider milkweed PerF Wide Pres Unc Rector 685 1961 ssp. asperula (COLO) Asclepiadaceae Asclepias A. cryptoceras var. pallid milkweed PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 cryptoceras cryptoceras 3169 (COLO) Asclepiadaceae Asclepias speciosa showy milkweed PerF Wide Pres Rare Rector & 1984 Kaeding BK5 (COLM) Asclepiadaceae Asclepias A. galioides whorled PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 subverticillata milkweed & Beck 3752 (COLO) Asparagaceae Asparagus asparagus PerF Intro Pres Unc Rector 12 1980 Native to Eurasia. (Liliaceae) ofﬁ cinalis (COLO) Aspleniaceae Cystopteris fragilis Some authors (Polypodiaceae or include C. utahensis, brittle bladder fern Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky, 1982 Athyriaceae) C. reevesiana, fern Weber, & C. Rector, & tenuis Wingate 3109 Chapter 6:Appendices (COLM) Asteraceae Acroptilon repens Centaurea repens Russian PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 CO state noxious (Compositae) knapweed & Beck 4992 weed (List B). (COLM) Native to Eurasia Asteraceae Ageratina Eupatorium white PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 (Compositae) herbacea herbaceum thoroughwort 5074 (COLM) Asteraceae Ambrosia Franseria bur ragweed AnnF Wide Pres Com Hackney 854 1975 (Compositae) acanthicarpa acanthicarpa (COLM) 23 24

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Ambrosia A. coronopifolia western ragweed PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) psilostachya var. 5111 (COLO) coronopifolia Asteraceae Antennaria sandstone PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) marginata pussytoes 5118 (COLO) Asteraceae Antennaria common PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky & 1982 (Compositae) parvifolia pussytoes Rector 3371 (COLM) Asteraceae Arctium minus burdock PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia. (Compositae) & Beck 4994 CO state noxious (COLM) weed (List C) Asteraceae Artemisia biennis A. biennis var. biennial PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) biennis wormwood 5149 (COLM) Asteraceae Artemisia Bigelow’s Shrub Wide Pres Com Weber, 1968 (Compositae) bigelovii sagebrush Siplivinsky, & Rector 15938 (COLO) Asteraceae Artemisia frigida fringed Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) sagebrush & Beck 4121 (COLM) Asteraceae Artemisia Louisiana PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1968 (Compositae) ludoviciana ssp. wormwood 2360 (COLO) albula Asteraceae Artemisia Louisiana PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) ludoviciana ssp. wormwood & Beck 5003 incompta (COLO) Asteraceae Aster lanceolatus A. hesperius, Siskiyou aster PerF Wide Pres Rare Stevens s.n. (Compositae) ssp. hesperius Symphyotrichum 2005 lanceolatum var. (COLM) hesperium

Asteraceae Aster orthophyllus Hybrid between hybrid aster PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber & 1982 Type locality (Compositae) Virgulaster ascendens Rector 16839 is Gunnison, & Aster falcatus or (COLO) Gunnison Co., CO A. lanceolatus ssp. (Baker 570 NDG) hesperius. Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Breea arvense Cirsium arvense Canada thistle PerF Intro Rep Unc Larson (1990) 1990 Native to Eurasia. (Compositae) CO state noxious weed (List B) Asteraceae Brickellia California Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 (Compositae) californica brickellbush 5147 (COLM) Asteraceae Brickellia tassel-ﬂ ower PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 (Compositae) grandiﬂ ora brickellbush & Beck 4977 (COLM) Asteraceae Brickellia B. longifolia var. longleaf Shrub Periph Pres Unc Weber 15523 1979 (Compositae) longifolia longifolia brickellbush (COLO) Asteraceae Brickellia rough Shrub Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1962 (Compositae) microphylla var. brickellbush 4970 (COLO) scabra Asteraceae Brickellia B. oblongifolia var. Mohave Shrub Wide Pres Unc Weber & 1948 (Compositae) oblongifolia linifolia brickellbush Rector 16101 (COLM) Asteraceae Chaenactis C. douglasii var. hoary dusty- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) douglasii montana, includes maiden & Beck 3799 var. douglasii (COLM) Asteraceae Chaenactis stevia dusty- AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1955 (Compositae) stevioides maiden Wittmann, & Rector 16123 (COLM) Asteraceae Chrysothamnus dwarf Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) depressus rabbitbrush 5055 (COLO) Asteraceae (Compositae) Chrysothamnus Lorandersonia spear-leaf Shrub Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 linifolius linifolia rabbitbrush (2007) Asteraceae Chrysothamnus Ericameria nauseosa glabrate Shrub Wide Pres Abun Weber & 1961 Chapter 6:Appendices (Compositae) nauseosus ssp. var. graveolens, rabbitbrush Rector 16394 graveolens E. nauseosa var. (COLO) glabrata Asteraceae Chrysothamnus Ericameria nauseosa smoothseed Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) nauseosus ssp. var. leiosperma rabbitbrush 4967 (COLO) leiospermus Asteraceae Chrysothamnus Ericameria parryi var. Parry’s Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) parryi ssp. parryi parryi rabbitbrush & Beck 4985 (COLM) 25 26

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Chrysothamnus Vasey’s Shrub Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 Siplivinsky & Beck (Compositae) vaseyi rabbitbrush (2007) 5011 (COLO, COLM) and Gierisch 3046 (COLO) cited as present by Weber et al. (2005) were collected from outside the monument. Asteraceae Chrysothamnus Var. not recognized slenderleaf Shrub Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1968 (Compositae) viscidifl orus ssp. in Flora of North rabbitbrush & Beck 4973 stenophyllus America (2006). (COLO) Asteraceae Cichorium intybus chicory PerF Intro Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia. (Compositae) & Beck 4998 CO state noxious (COLM) weed (List C) Asteraceae Cirsium calcareum C. calcareum var. Caineville thistle PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber 8678 1954 (Compositae) calcareum; included (COLO) in C. arizonicum var. bipinnatum (Flora of North America 2006) Asteraceae Cirsium C. neomexicanum New Mexico PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber 15797 1954 (Compositae) neomexicanum var. neomexicanum; thistle (COLO) vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Asteraceae Cirsium tracyi C. undulatum var. Tracy’s thistle PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 Type locality is (Compositae) tracyi & Beck 3793 Mancos, CO (Baker, (COLO) Earle, & Tracy 90). Includes reports of C. undulatum from NCPN COLM veg mapping report Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare bull thistle PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Europe. (Compositae) & Beck 5016 CO state noxious (COLM) weed (List B). Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Conyza C. canadensis var. Canadian AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) canadensis glabrata; vars. not horseweed 5043 (COLO) recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Asteraceae Erigeron E. aphanactis var. hairy daisy PerF Wide Pres Com Weber 8686 1954 (Compositae) concinnus var. aphanactis (COLM) aphanactis Asteraceae Erigeron E. pumilus var. vernal daisy PerF Periph Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 First record for (Compositae) concinnus var. condensatus 3158 (COLO) CO? condensatus Asteraceae Erigeron E. divergens var. spreading daisy PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) divergens divergens & Beck 3860 (COLM) Asteraceae Erigeron Engelmann’s PerF Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1980 (Compositae) engelmannii daisy Siplivinsky, & Rector 15820 (COLO) Asteraceae Erigeron trailing daisy PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1980 (Compositae) fl agellaris Siplivinsky, & Rector 15833 (COLO) Asteraceae Erigeron E. pulcherrimus var. basin daisy PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1982 (Compositae) pulcherrimus wyomingia Rector 3360 (COLM) Asteraceae Erigeron speciosus E. speciosus var. aspen daisy PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) macranthus & Beck 3807 (COLM) Asteraceae Erigeron Chapter 6:Appendices (Compositae) E. utahensis var. Utah daisy PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 utahensis utahensis 5079 (COLO) Asteraceae Eucephalus Eurybia glauca, Aster blueleaf aster PerF Wide Pres Com Kaeding 15 1960 (Compositae) glaucus glaucodes, Herrickia (COLM) glauca var. glauca Asteraceae Euthamia Solidago occidentalis western PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) occidentalis goldenrod 5044 (COLO) Asteraceae Gaillardia Hopi PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1962 (Compositae) pinnatifi da blanketfl ower 5109 (COLM) 27 28

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Grindelia Included in G. erect gumweed PerF RegEn Pres Unc Kaeding 1 1982 Type locality is (Compositae) fastigiata hirsutula in Flora of (COLM) Grand Junction, North America (2006) Mesa Co., CO (Greene s.n.) Asteraceae Grindelia Vars. not recognized curly-cup PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1979 (Compositae) squarrosa var. in Flora of North gumweed 2252 (COLO) serrulata America (2006) Asteraceae Gutierrezia broom Shrub Wide Pres Abun Porter & 1961 (Compositae) sarothrae snakeweed Porter 10587 (COLM) Asteraceae Helianthus H. annuus ssp. common AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) annuus lenticularis, ssp. not sunfl ower 5037 (COLO) recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Asteraceae Heterotheca H. villosa var. villosa, hairy golden- PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 (Compositae) villosa Chrysopsis villosa var. aster 2391 (COLO) villosa Asteraceae Hymenopappus H. fi lifolius var. (Compositae) fi lifolius var. lugens, H. fi lifolius common PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 862 1948 cinereus var. paucifl orus, hyalineherb (COLM) H. fi lifolius var. tomentosus. Asteraceae Hymenopappus Included in var. fi ne-leaf woolly- PerF Periph Pres Rare Miller 26 1961 (Compositae) fi lifolius var. cinereus by some white (COLO) megacephalus authors Asteraceae Iva axillaris I. axillaris var. poverty-weed PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) axillaris; vars. not 5025 (COLM) recognized in Flora of North America (2006). Asteraceae Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Europe (Compositae) & Beck 5002 (COLM) Asteraceae Lactuca tatarica L. pulchella, L. blue lettuce PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Compositae) var. pulchella oblongifolia, (2007) Mulgedium pulchellum Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Leucelene Aster arenosus, rose-heath PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 (Compositae) ericoides Chaetopappa 3153 (COLM) ericoides Asteraceae Lygodesmia L. grandifl ora var. showy rush-pink PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1948 (Compositae) grandifl ora grandifl ora Rector, & Wittmann 10687 (COLO) Asteraceae Machaeranthera M. canescens var. hoary aster PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1960 (Compositae) canescens canescens, Aster & Beck 4981 canescens, Dieteria (COLO) canescens var. canescens Asteraceae Machaeranthera M. grindelioides gumweed aster PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 859 1954 (Compositae) grindelioides var. grindelioides, (COLM) Haplopappus nuttallii, Xanthisma grindelioides var. grindelioides Asteraceae Malacothrix sowthistle AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber 3888 1948 (Compositae) sonchoides desert-dandelion (COLO) Asteraceae Malacothrix Torrey’s desert- AnnF Wide Pres Rare Weber 3854 1948 Weber 3854 is a (Compositae) torreyi dandelion (COLO) mixed collection with M. sonchoides Asteraceae Oligosporus O. dracunculus, (Compositae) dracunculus ssp. Artemisia tarragon PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 glaucus dracunculus ssp. 5137 (COLM) glauca; vars. not

recognized in Flora of North America Chapter 6:Appendices (2006) Asteraceae Packera Senecio multilobatus basin groundsel PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 (Compositae) multilobata 3289 (COLM) Asteraceae Petradoria pumila P. pumila var. pumila, rock-goldenrod PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) Solidago petradoria & Beck 5015 (COLM) 29 30

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Picradenia P. richardsonii Colorado rubber- PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Compositae) richardsonii var. richardsonii, plant (2007) Hymenoxys richardsonii var. richardsonii Asteraceae Picrothamnus Artemisia spinescens bud sagebrush Shrub Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 Weber 11304 (Compositae) desertorum (2007) (COLO) cited by Weber et al. (2005) as present was collected outside the monument. Asteraceae Platyschkuhria Bahia nudicaulis var. San Juan bahia PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber, 1954 (Compositae) integrifolia var. oblongifolia Wittmann, & oblongifolia Rector 16102 (COLO) Asteraceae Psilochenia Crepis occidentalis western PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky & 1982 (Compositae) occidentalis var. occidentalis hawksbeard Rector 3358 (COLO) Asteraceae Psilostrophe Baker’s PerF RegEn Pres Rare Abbey & 1984 Type locality is (Compositae) bakeri paperfl ower Kaeding 30 near Montrose, CO (COLM) (Baker 14 NDG) Asteraceae Senecio S. integerrimus var. western PerF Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 (Compositae) integerrimus exaltatus groundsel (2007) Asteraceae Senecio S. spartioides var. many-headed PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) multicapitatus multicapitatus; vars. groundsel & Beck 3765 not recognized (COLM) in Flora of North America (2006) Asteraceae Seriphidium (Compositae) novum Artemisia arbuscula black sagebrush Shrub Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1965 var. nova, A. nova 5053 (COLO) var. nova. Vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2006) Asteraceae Seriphidium Artemisia tridentata basin big Shrub Wide Pres Com Hackney 843 1961 (Compositae) tridentatum ssp. var. tridentata sagebrush (COLM) tridentatum Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Seriphidium Artemisia tridentata Wyoming big Shrub Wide Rep Abun Von Loh et al. 2003 (Compositae) tridentatum var. var. wyomingensis sagebrush (2007) wyomingense Asteraceae Solidago velutina S. sparsifl ora, three-nerve PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 (Compositae) S. velutina var. goldenrod & Beck 3870 sparsifl ora (COLO) Asteraceae Sonchus asper spiny-leaf sow- AnnF Intro Pres Unc Rector 687 1982 Native to Europe (Compositae) thistle (COLM) Asteraceae Stenotus acaulis Haplopappus acaulis stemless PerF Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Report from NCPN (Compositae) var. acaulis, S. acaulis goldenweed (2007) veg mapping team var. acaulis may represent S. armerioides Asteraceae Stenotus Haplopappus thrift PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 (Compositae) armerioides armerioides var. goldenweed 3160 (COLM) armerioides Asteraceae Stephanomeria S. exigua ssp. exigua white-plume AnnF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 866 1975 (Compositae) exigua wire-lettuce (COLM) Asteraceae Stephanomeria brown-plume PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Reports from (Compositae) paucifl ora wire-lettuce (2007) Weber et al. (2005) are based on misidentifi ed specimens of S. tenuifolia. Asteraceae Stephanomeria (Compositae) tenuifolia S. minor var. minor, slender PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1961 Includes report S. tenuifolia var. wirelettuce & Beck 3753 of S. wrightii tenuifolia, S. wrightii. (COLM) (Siplivinsky 1930, Vars. not recognized COLO) from Weber in Flora of North et al. (2005) America (2006). Chapter 6:Appendices Asteraceae Taraxacum common PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia (Compositae) offi cinale dandelion 3342 (COLO) Asteraceae Tetradymia spineless Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) canescens horsebrush & Beck 4983 (COLM) Asteraceae Tetradymia T. spinosa var. spinosa shortspine Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 (Compositae) spinosa horsebrush 3265 (COLO) 31 32

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Asteraceae Tetraneuris acaulis Hymenoxys acaulis stemless PerF Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Previous reports (Compositae) var. acaulis, T. acaulis hymenoxys (2007) (Weber 3752 var. acaulis COLM) were based on misid. specimens of T. ivesiana. Asteraceae Tetraneuris Hymenoxys argentea Canyonlands PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 (Compositae) ivesiana var. ivesiana, H. hymenoxys 3163 (COLM) acaulis var. ivesiana Asteraceae Townsendia hoary PerF Wide Pres Unc Miller 36 1948 (Compositae) incana townsendia (COLO) Asteraceae Tragopogon T. dubius yellow salsify PerF Intro Pres Unc Weber 3879 1948 Native to Europe (Compositae) dubius var. major (COLO) Asteraceae Virgulaster Aster chilensis Pacifi c aster PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Compositae) ascendens ssp. adscendens, 5100 (COLM) A. ascendens, Symphyotrichum ascendens Asteraceae Xanthium X. pensylvanicum, rough cocklebur AnnF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 871 1975 (Compositae) strumarium X. saccharatum, (COLM) X. strumarium var. canadense; vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2006). Berberidaceae Mahonia Fremont’s Shrub Wide Pres Rare Miller 13 fremontii mahonia 1961 (COLM) Berberidaceae Mahonia repens Berberis repens Oregon-grape Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 5120 (COLM) Betulaceae Betula fontinalis B. occidentalis water birch Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 & Beck 3805 (COLO) Boraginaceae Cryptantha thick-sepaled AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 crassisepala var. cryptanth 3155 (COLO) elachantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha sand dune AnnF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 fendleri cryptanth (2007) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Boraginaceae Cryptantha slender AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1948 gracilis cryptanth Wittmann, 7 Rector 16120 (COLM) Boraginaceae Cryptantha C. pterocarya var. wing-nut AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber s.n. 1954 pterocarya pterocarya cryptanth (COLM) Boraginaceae Lappula L. texana, L. cupseed AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 marginata occidentalis stickseed 3171 (COLO) var. cupulata, L. redowskii var. cupulata Boraginaceae Lappula redowskii L. occidentalis western AnnF Wide Pres Com Weber s.n. 1954 var. occidentalis, stickseed (COLM) L. redowskii var. redowskii Boraginaceae Lithospermum showy stoneseed PerF Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1981 incisum Siplivinsky, & Rector 15939 (COLO) Boraginaceae Oreocarya fl ava Cryptantha fl ava plateau yellow PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 cryptanth 3178 (COLO) Boraginaceae Oreocarya Cryptantha yellow-eye PerF Wide Pres Com Weber s.n. 1954 fl avoculata fl avoculata cryptanth (COLM) Boraginaceae Oreocarya humilis Cryptantha humilis, dwarf cryptanth PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1955 Type locality ssp. nana O. nana Wittmann, & of O. nana is Rector 16106 Grand Junction (COLM) (Eastwood s.n. CAS) Boraginaceae Oreocarya Cryptantha Chapter 6:Appendices longifl ora long-fl ower PerF RegEn Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1948 Type locality is longifl ora cryptanth (COLM) Palisades, Mesa Co., CO (Crandall s.n. RM) Boraginaceae Oreocarya nitida Cryptantha tawny PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber 15337 1954 Type locality is fulvocanescens var. cryptantha (COLO) Deer Run, CO nitida; includes O. (Baker 95 NDG) fulvocanescens 33 34

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Boraginaceae Oreocarya Cryptantha Osterhout’s PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber 11305 1951 CO BLM: Sensitive. osterhoutii osterhoutii cryptanth (COLO) Type locality is Monument Park [Colorado NM], near Grand Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Osterhout 6138 RM) Brassicaceae Alyssum A. parvifl orum var. European AnnF Intro Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Young s.n. (COLO) (Cruciferae) parvifl orum micranthum, A. madwort (2007) & Wilken et al. simplex, A. minus var. 12612 (CS) cited as micranthum present by Weber et al. (2005) were collected outside the monument. Native to Eurasia. Brassicaceae Boechera pulchra Arabis pulchra var. desert rockcress PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality is (Cruciferae) ssp. pallens pallens 3277 (COLM) Westwater, Grand Co., UT (Jones s.n. US) Brassicaceae Boechera selbyi B. selbyi var. selbyi, Selby’s rockcress PerF Wide Pres Com Weber 17473 1954 (Cruciferae) Arabis selbyi (COLO) Brassicaceae Camelina little-pod false AnnF Intro Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 Reported by NCPN (Cruciferae) microcarpa fl ax (2007) veg mapping team. Specimen from COLO herbarium may be from outside the monument. Native to Asia. Brassicaceae Capsella bursa- shepherd’s-purse AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Europe (Cruciferae) pastoris & Beck 3787 (COLM) Brassicaceae Cardaria C. draba ssp. orbicular PerF Intro Pres Rare Rector 706 1983 Native to Europe (Cruciferae) chalepensis chalepensis, C. draba whitetop (COLO) var. repens Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Brassicaceae Chorispora tenella blue mustard AnnF Intro Pres Unc Weber, 1982 Native to Asia (Cruciferae) Wittmann, & Rector 16093 (COLM) Brassicaceae Descurainia D. pinnata var. western tansy- AnnF Wide Pres Abun Weber 11290 1961 (Cruciferae) pinnata ssp. osmiarum mustard (COLO) halictorum Brassicaceae Descurainia fl ixweed AnnF Intro Pres Unc Pennell & 1938 Native to Europe (Cruciferae) sophia Schaeffer 22141 (COLO) Brassicaceae Draba cuneifolia D. cuneifolia var. wedgeleaf draba AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1948 (Cruciferae) cuneifolia 3346 (COLM) Brassicaceae Draba reptans dwarf draba AnnF Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Weber 11250 (Cruciferae) (2007) (COLO) cited as present by Weber et al. (2005) was probably collected outside the monument. Brassicaceae Erysimum E. asperum var. western PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1975 (Cruciferae) capitatum elatum, E. asperum wallfl ower 3187 (COLO) var. arkansanum, E. capitatum var. capitatum Brassicaceae Lepidium L. montanum var. Eastwood’s tall PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber 3850 1948 (Cruciferae) alyssoides var. spathulatum, L. pepperwort (COLM) eastwoodiae eastwoodiae Brassicaceae Lepidium L. densifl orum var. (Cruciferae) densifl orum densifl orum; some prairie AnnF Wide Pres Unc Rector 702 1982

Chapter 6:Appendices pepperwort (COLM) authors combine vars. macrocarpum & densiﬂ orum. Brassicaceae Lepidium L. lasiocarpum var. hairy-pod AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1955 (Cruciferae) lasiocarpum lasiocarpum pepperwort Wittmann, & Rector 16095 (COLO) 35 36

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Brassicaceae Lepidium mountain PerF Wide Pres Abun Kaeding 4 1984 (Cruciferae) montanum var. pepperwort (COLM) montanum Brassicaceae Lepidium clasping AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Native to Europe (Cruciferae) perfoliatum pepperwort & Beck 3764 (COLM) Brassicaceae Lesquerella Physaria ludoviciana silver bladderpod PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber & 1980 (Cruciferae) ludoviciana Rector 15813 (COLO) Brassicaceae Lesquerella Physaria rectipes Colorado Plateau PerF RegEn Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Cruciferae) rectipes bladderpod (2007) Brassicaceae Malcolmia African mustard AnnF Intro Pres Unc Weber, 1948 Native to Africa (Cruciferae) africana Wittmann, & Rector 16092 (COLM) Brassicaceae Physaria acutifolia P. acutifolia var. sharp-leaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality is (Cruciferae) acutifolia, P. australis twinpod & Beck 3836 Grand Junction (COLO) (Eastwood s.n.) Brassicaceae Schoenocrambe Sisymbrium fl ax-leaved PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber 3819 1948 (Cruciferae) linifolia linifolium plainsmustard (COLO) Brassicaceae Sisymbrium tumble mustard AnnF Intro Pres Com Weber 11371 1962 Native to Europe (Cruciferae) altissimum (COLM) Brassicaceae Stanleya pinnata S. pinnata prince’s-plume PerF Wide Pres Unc Miller 33 1948 (Cruciferae) var. pinnata (COLO) Brassicaceae Streptanthella long-beak fi ddle- AnnF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky & 1954 (Cruciferae) longirostris mustard Rector 3205 (COLM) Brassicaceae Streptanthus (Cruciferae) S. cordatus var. heart-leaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 cordatus cordatus jewelfl ower 3316 (COLM) Brassicaceae Thelypodiopsis elegant PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber & 1948 Type locality is (Cruciferae) elegans thelypody Rector s.n. Westwater, Grand (COLO) Co., UT (Jones s.n. POM) Brassicaceae Thelypodium T. integrifolium var. entire-leaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 (Cruciferae) integrifolium integrifolium thelypody 2358 (COLO) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Brassicaceae Thelypodium T. wrightii var. slate thelypody PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Cruciferae) laxifl orum tenellum (2007) Cactaceae Echinocereus Includes vars. claretcup PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1982 Weber, Wittmann, triglochidiatus melanacanthus, 3157 (COLM) & Rector 16128 inermis, & (COLM) represents gonacanthus, E. var. inermis coccineus var. coccineus. Vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2003). Cactaceae Opuntia erinacea O. erinacea var. common prickly- PerF Wide Rep Com? Von Loh et al. 2003 Reports cited erinacea, O. pear (2007) by Weber et al. polyacantha var. (2005) are based erinacea on misidentifi ed specimens of O. polyacantha. Cactaceae Opuntia fragilis O. fragilis brittle prickly- PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1982 var. brachyartha pear & Beck 3798 (COLM) Cactaceae Opuntia O. phaeacantha berry pricklypear PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1980 phaeacantha var. phaeacantha; Rector, & vars. not recognized Wittmann in Flora of North 10689 (COLO) America (2003) Cactaceae Opuntia O. polyacantha var. polyacantha polyacantha. Flora plains prickly- PerF Wide Pres Abun Weber, 1948 of North America pear Rector, & (2003) includes Wittmann vars. rufi spina 16088 (COLM) Chapter 6:Appendices & trichophora in var. polyacantha. Cactaceae Pediocactus Includes var. Simpson’s PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1982 simpsonii var. simpsonii hedgehog cactus Rector 3367 minor (COLO) 37 38

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Cactaceae Sclerocactus S. parvifl orus, S. small-fl ower PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber, 1948 whipplei var. whipplei var. roseus; fi shhook cactus Wittmann, & intermedius includes S. contortus Rector 16090 & S. terrae-canyonae (COLM) Calochortaceae Calochortus C. gunnisonii var. Gunnison’s PerF Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 (Liliaceae) gunnisonii gunnisonii mariposa (2007) Calochortaceae Calochortus sego-lily PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 (Liliaceae) nuttallii 3152 (COLM) Capparaceae Cleome lutea yellow beeplant AnnF Wide Pres Rare Miller & 1948 (Cleomaceae) Miller s.n. (COLM) Capparaceae Cleome serrulata Rocky Mountain AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1981 (Cleomaceae) beeplant 1932 (COLO) Capparaceae Polanisia P. trachysperma, clammy-weed AnnF Wide Pres Unc Rector 7 1980 (Cleomaceae) dodecandra P. dodecandra var. (COLO) trachysperma Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos longfl ower Shrub Periph Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 longifl orus snowberry (2007) Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos S. oreophilus var. mountain Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 rotundifolius utahensis snowberry & Beck 3828 (COLM) Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfl y AnnF Wide Pres Com Weber 3874 (COLO) 1948

Celastraceae Paxistima Pachistima myrsinites mountain-lover Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 myrsinites & Beck 3827 (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex A. brandegeei, Brandegee’s Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1962 Type locality is brandegei Zuckia brandegeei siltbush 3270 (COLO) San Juan River, CO var. brandegeei (Brandegee s.n. GH) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex canescens Includes vars. fourwing Shrub Wide Pres Com Porter & 1954 canescens & saltbush Porter 10591 occidentalis (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex shadscale Shrub Wide Pres Abun Siplivinsky 1948 confertifolia 3269 (COLM) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Chenopodiaceae Atriplex corrugata mat saltbush Shrub RegEn Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1954 (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex gardneri A. gardneri var. Gardner’s Shrub Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 gardneri, A. nuttallii saltbush (2007) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex grayi A. spinosa, Grayia spiny hopsage Shrub Wide Pres Com Weber 3890 1948 spinosa (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex rosea tumbling orach AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia 5064 (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex saccaria Includes vars. caput- stalked orach AnnF RegEn Pres Unc Cudlip 191 1982 medusae & saccaria (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Atriplex wolfi i A. wolfi i var. slender orach AnnF RegEn Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1954 tenuissima, A. (COLM) tenuissima Chenopodiaceae Bassia hyssopifolia fi ve-horn AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia smotherweed 5061 (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Bassia sieversiana B. scoparia, Kochia summer-cypress AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 Native to Eurasia scoparia 2345 (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium C. album var. album lambsquarter AnnF Intro Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Native to Eurasia album (2007) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium C. capitatum var. smallhead AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 foliosum parvicapitatum, C. goosefoot 3855 (COLM) overi Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium C. fremontii var. Fremont’s fremontii fremontii AnnF Wide Pres Rare Kaeding 3 1984 goosefoot (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium C. glaucum var. oakleaf AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 glaucum salinum, C. salinum goosefoot 5060 (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium narrow-leaf AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982

Chapter 6:Appendices leptophyllum goosefoot 5143 (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Halogeton halogeton AnnF Intro Pres Unc Hackney 833 1975 Native to Eurasia. glomeratus (COLM) CO state noxious weed (List C) Chenopodiaceae Kochia americana Bassia americana greenmolly PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1948 3268 (COLM) 39 40

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Chenopodiaceae Krascheninnikovia K. lanata var. lanata, winterfat Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 lanata Ceratoides lanata, 5105 (COLO) Eurotia lanata. Vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2003). Chenopodiaceae Salsola australis S. kali, S. iberica, S. Russian-thistle AnnF Intro Pres Com Miller 41 1961 Native to Asia pestifer, S. tragus (COLO) Chenopodiaceae Sarcobatus greasewood Shrub Wide Pres Com Hackney 836 1975 (Sarcobataceae) vermiculatus (COLM) Chenopodiaceae Suaeda S. depressa broom seepweed AnnF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 calceoliformis (2007) Chenopodiaceae Suaeda moquinii S. nigra, S. torreyana Torrey’s PerF Wide Pres Unc Kaeding 10 1962 var. ramosissima, S. seepweed (COLM) intermedia Convallariaceae Maianthemum Smilacina stellata starry false PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Liliaceae, stellatum Solomon’s-seal & Beck 3782 Ruscaceae) (COLO) Convolvulaceae Convolvulus fi eld bindweed PerF Intro Pres Unc Hackney 872 1975 Native to Eurasia. arvensis (COLM) CO state noxious weed (List C) Crassulaceae Amerosedum Sedum lanceolatum lance-leaved PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 lanceolatum stonecrop & Beck 3820 (COLO) Crossosomataceae Forsellesia Glossopetalon spiny greasebush Shrub RegEn Pres Rare Weber, 1948 Type locality is (Celastraceae) meionandra spinescens var. Wittmann, & Surface Creek, meionandrum Rector 16103 Mesa Grande, (COLM) Delta Co., CO (Purpus 71) Cupressaceae Juniperus J. communis var. common juniper Shrub Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 communis ssp. depressa (2007) alpina Cupressaceae Sabina Juniperus Utah juniper Tree Wide Pres Abun Miller 43 1951 osteosperma osteosperma (COLO) Cuscutaceae Grammica Cuscuta indecora var. large-seed AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber 15520 1979 (Convolvulaceae) indecora neuropetala dodder (COLO) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus Scirpus maritimus alkali bulrush PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 maritimus ssp. var. paludosus, 5063 (COLM) paludosus Schoenoplectus maritimus Cyperaceae Carex microptera C. microptera small-wing sedge PerG Wide Pres Rare Weber 11372 1962 var. microptera, (COLM) C. festivella, C. macloviana var. microptera; some authors include C. limnophila Cyperaceae Carex nebrascensis Nebraska sedge PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 & Beck 3844 (COLO) Cyperaceae Carex rossii C. deﬂ exa var. Ross’ sedge PerG Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1980 Includes reports of boottii, C. brevipes, Siplivinsky, & C. geophila from C. pityophila Rector 15826 Weber et al. (2005) (COLM) Cyperaceae Eleocharis E. palustris; includes common PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 macrostachya E. erythropoda, & E. spikerush 1923 (COLO) uniglumis Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus Schoenoplectus hardstem PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 lacustris ssp. acutus vars. bulrush 5057 (COLO) acutus occidentalis & acutus, Scirpus acutus Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus lacustris ssp. Schoenoplectus soft-stem bulrush PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 tabernaemontani, 1924 (COLO) validus Scirpus validus

Chapter 6:Appendices Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus Scirpus pungens var. three-square PerG Wide Pres Unc Weber 11321 1948 pungens polyphyllus; includes bulrush (COLM) vars. longispicatus, polyphyllus, & pungens Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus Russian-olive Tree Intro Pres Com Weber, 1948 Native to Europe. angustifolia Siplivinsky, & CO state noxious Rector 15827 weed (List B) (COLO) 41 42

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Elaeagnaceae Shepherdia silver Shrub Wide Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1954 argentea buffaloberry (COLM) Ephedraceae Ephedra Torrey’s Shrub Wide Pres Rare Weber 11266 1962 torreyana mormontea (COLO) Ephedraceae Ephedra viridis E. viridis var. viridis green ephedra Shrub Wide Pres Abun Siplivinsky 1962 3173 (COLO) Equisetaceae Equisetum fi eld horsetail fern Wide Pres Unc Rector 705 1983 arvense (COLM) Equisetaceae Hippochaete Equisetum hyemale tall scouring-rush fern Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1980 hyemalis var. var. affi ne, E. Siplivinsky, & affi nis praealtum Rector 15829 (COLM) Equisetaceae Hippochaete Equisetum smooth scouring- fern Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 laevigata laevigatum, E. rush 3319 (COLM) kansanum Ericaceae Arctostaphylos greenleaf Shrub Wide Pres Unc Hughes & 1983 patula ssp. manzanita Kaedy s.n. platyphylla (COLM) Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce Euphorbia fendleri Fendler’s spurge PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 fendleri 5046 (COLO) Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce Euphorbia ridge-seeded AnnF Wide Pres Unc Porter & 1968 glyptosperma glyptosperma spurge Porter 10590 (COLM) Euphorbiaceae Tithymalus Euphorbia robusta, brachyceras E. brachycera, E. shorthorn spurge PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 brachycera var. & Beck 3840 robusta (COLM)

Fabaceae Astragalus Sheldon’s PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber s.n. 1948 Type locality (Leguminosae) amphioxys var. milkvetch (COLM) is near Grand vespertinus Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood 6109 MIN) Fabaceae Astragalus A. chamaeleuce var. cicada milkvetch PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 (Leguminosae) chamaeleuce chamaeleuce 3164 (COLO) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Fabaceae Astragalus A. convallarius var. lesser rushy PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Leguminosae) convallarius convallarius, A. milkvetch & Beck 3811 diversifolius var. (COLM) campestris Fabaceae Astragalus A. desperatus var. rimrock PerF RegEn Pres Com Siplivinsky & 1948 Type locality is (Leguminosae) desperatus desperatus milkvetch Rector 3213 near Cisco, Grand (COLO) Co., UT (Jones s.n. POM) Fabaceae Astragalus Eastwood’s PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality is (Leguminosae) eastwoodiae milkvetch 3283 (COLM) Westwater, Grand Co., UT (Jones s.n. POM) Fabaceae Astragalus ﬂ avus Includes vars. ﬂ avus yellow milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Com Weber 3820 1948 (Leguminosae) & candicans (COLO) Fabaceae Astragalus straggling PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality (Leguminosae) lentiginosus var. milkvetch 3379 (COLO) is Montezuma palans Canyon, San Juan Co., UT (Eastwood s.n. POM) Fabaceae Astragalus A. megacarpus var. great bladdery PerF Periph Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Leguminosae) megacarpus parryi; includes var. milkvetch 3349 (COLM) megacarpus. Vars. not recognized in Barneby (1989) Fabaceae Astragalus woolly milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Com Weber, 1948 (Leguminosae) mollissimus var. Siplivinsky, & thompsoniae Rector 15822 (COLO) Fabaceae Astragalus

Chapter 6:Appendices (Leguminosae) nuttallianus small-ﬂ owered AnnF RegEn Pres Unc Weber 15335 1978 Type locality var. milkvetch (COLO) is Towaoc, micranthiformis Montezuma Co., CO (Ripley & Barneby 8390 CAS) Fabaceae Astragalus Ellis’ milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1962 (Leguminosae) praelongus var. Siplivinsky, & ellisiae Rector 15934 (COLO) 43 44

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Fabaceae Astragalus pulse milkvetch PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 (Leguminosae) tenellus & Beck 3856 (COLM) Fabaceae Astragalus A. dodgeanus Fort Wingate PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1948 (Leguminosae) wingatanus milkvetch Rector 3211 (COLO) Fabaceae Dalea candida var. D. oligophylla, white prairie- PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Leguminosae) oligophylla Petalostemon clover (2007) candidum, P. occidentale Fabaceae Glycyrrhiza G. lepidota var. licorice-root PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 (Leguminosae) lepidota lepidota 1920 (COLO) Fabaceae Hedysarum H. boreale var. northern PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber 11306 1948 (Leguminosae) boreale boreale sweetvetch (COLO) Fabaceae Lathyrus L. lanszwertii var. whitefl ower PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Type locality is (Leguminosae) leucanthus leucanthus sweetpea & Beck 3829 Ojo, Huerfano Co., (COLO) CO (Rydberg & Vreeland 6020 NY) Fabaceae Lupinus argenteus L. argenteus var. silvery lupine PerF Wide Pres Unc Cox, Dunn, & 1968 (Leguminosae) argenteus Harmon 214 (COLO) Fabaceae Medicago black medick AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Europe (Leguminosae) lupulina 5078 (COLM) Fabaceae Medicago sativa M. sativa var. sativa alfalfa PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Europe (Leguminosae) & Beck 3773 (COLM) Fabaceae Melilotus albus M. alba (Leguminosae) ; included white sweet- AnnF Intro Pres Unc Weber & 1982 Native to Europe in M. offi cinalis by clover Rector 16390 some authors (COLO) Fabaceae Melilotus M. offi cinalis yellow sweet- PerF Intro Pres Unc Hackney 932 1975 Native to Europe (Leguminosae) offi cinale clover (COLM) Fabaceae Pediomelum Pediomelum aromatic PerF LocEn Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 CO BLM Sensitive. (Leguminosae) aromaticum aromaticum var. breadroot 3291 (COLO) Type locality is aromaticum, Psoralea near Bedrock, aromatica; vars. Paradox Valley, CO not recognized in (Payson 451 RM) Barneby (1989) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Fabaceae Pediomelum Pediomelum large-ﬂ owered PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber, 1948 (Leguminosae) megalanthum megalanthum var. breadroot Wittmann, & megalanthum, Rector 16100 Psoralea megalantha (COLM) Fabaceae Vicia americana V. americana var. American vetch PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Leguminosae) americana (2007) Fagaceae Quercus gambelii Q. gambelii var. Gambel oak Tree Wide Pres Com Hackney 886 1975 gambelii (COLM) Fagaceae Quercus havardii Q. welshii shinnery oak Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 Type locality of var. tuckeri 2385 (COLO) Q. havardii var. tuckeri is Low Pass E of Kens Lake, San Juan Co., UT (Welsh & Higgins 23630 BRY) Fagaceae Quercus undulata Q. x pauciloba, few-lobe oak Shrub Wide Pres Rare Rector 714 1983 hybrid of Q. (COLM) turbinella x Q. gambelii Gentianaceae Centaurium Great Basin AnnF Periph Pres Unc Kaeding 6 1982 exaltatum centaury (COLM) Geraniaceae Erodium stork’s-bill AnnF Intro Rep Com Dewey and 2003 Weber 3804 cicutarium Andersen (COLO) cited as (2005) present by Weber et al. (2005) but may have been collected outside the monument. Native to Europe. CO state noxious Chapter 6:Appendices weed (List B) Grossulariaceae Ribes inerme whitestem Shrub Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Saxifragaceae) gooseberry (2007) Grossulariaceae Ribes leptanthum trumpet Shrub Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1980 (Saxifragaceae) gooseberry Siplivinsky, & Rector 15835 (COLO) 45 46

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Helleboraceae Aquilegia alcove columbine PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality is (Ranunculaceae) micrantha 3297 (COLM) Bluff, San Juan Co., UT (Wetherill s.n. CAS) Helleboraceae Delphinium D. scaposum pale larkspur PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Ranunculaceae) andersonii var. (2007) scaposum Helleboraceae Delphinium D. nelsonii Nuttall’s larkspur PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Ranunculaceae) nuttallianum 3323 (COLM) Hydrangeaceae Fendlera falcata F. rupicola var. Fendlerbush Shrub Wide Pres Com Rector 2 1948 (Saxifragaceae) rupicola (COLO) Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus P. microphyllus littleleaf mock- Shrub Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Saxifragaceae) microphyllus var. occidentalis, orange 5069 (COLO) P. occidentalis var. occidentalis Hydrophyllaceae Nama wishbone AnnF Sparse Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 dichotomum ﬁ ddleleaf 5122 (COLO) Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia crenulata P. crenulata var. crenulate AnnF Wide Pres Rare Rector 711 1983 crenulata phacelia (COLM) Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia ivesiana Ives’ phacelia AnnF Wide Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1954 (COLM) Juncaceae Juncus arcticus J. arcticus var. Baltic rush PerG Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 ssp. ater balticus, J. balticus & Beck 3838 var. montanus; (COLM) includes var. mexicanus. Juncaceae Juncus longistylis longstyle rush PerG Wide Pres Unc Miller 20 1961 (COLM)

Juncaceae Juncus J. ensifolius var. mountain rush PerG Wide Pres Unc Miller s.n. 1961 saximontanus montanus; includes J. (COLM) tracyi, J. xiphoides Juncaceae Juncus torreyi Torrey’s rush PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 & Beck 3865 (COLO) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Juncaceae Juncus tracyi Included in J. Tracy’s rush PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky & 1982 ensifolius var. Beck 3841b montanus by some (COLO) authors Lamiaceae Dracocephalum Moldavica parvifl ora smallfl ower PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 (Labiatae) parvifl orum dragonhead (2007) Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis M. arvensis var. fi eld mint PerF Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 (Labiatae) canadensis, M. (2007) arvensis var. glabrata Linaceae Adenolinum Linum perenne ssp. blue fl ax PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1975 lewisii lewisii, L. lewisii var. Rector 3369 lewisii (COLO) Linaceae Mesynium Linum puberulum downy fl ax AnnF Wide Pres Rare Weber & 1983 puberulum Rector 16645 (COLM) Loasaceae Acrolasia A. gracilis, Mentzelia white-stem AnnF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 937 1954 albicaulis albicaulis, M. obscura blazingstar (COLM) Malvaceae Sphaeralcea Includes ssp. scarlet globe- PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 938 1948 coccinea ssp. coccinea, & elata mallow (COLM) dissecta Malvaceae Sphaeralcea small-leaf parvifolia globemallow PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 5106 (COLM) Melanthiaceae Toxicoscordion Zigadenus foothills death- PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky & 1982 (Liliaceae) paniculatum paniculatus camas Rector 3365 (COLM) Melanthiaceae Toxicoscordion Zigadenus venenosus meadow death PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 935 1975 (Liliaceae) venenosum var. venenosus camas (COLM) Nyctaginaceae Abronia elliptica A. fragrans var. fragrant sand- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Reports of A. Chapter 6:Appendices elliptica, A. nana var. verbena 5154 (COLM) fragrans for COLM harrisii probably belong here. Nyctaginaceae Allionia incarnata A. incarnata var. trailing four- PerF Periph Pres Rare Hackney 941 1975 incarnata o’clock (COLM) Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis M. multifl ora var. Colorado four PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber 3896 1948 glandulosa glandulosa o’clock (COLM) 47 48

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis M. multifl ora var. showy four- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 multifl ora multifl ora o’clock & Beck 4999 (COLM) Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis spreading four- PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 oxybaphoides o’clock 5115 (COLO) Nyctaginaceae Oxybaphus Mirabilis linearis narrow-leaf four- PerF Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 linearis var. linearis, O. o’clock & Beck 4284 decumbens (COLM) Oleaceae Forestiera F. neomexicana desert olive Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 pubescens & Beck 5006 (COLO) Oleaceae Fraxinus anomala singleleaf ash Shrub Wide Pres Com Davis 163 1948 Type locality is (COLM) Labyrinth Canyon, San Juan Co., UT (Newberry s.n. NY) Onagraceae Calylophus C. hartwegii ssp. lavender-leaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 945 1948 lavandulifolius lavandulifolius sundrops (COLM) Onagraceae Epilobium E. ciliatum var. northern willow- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 ciliatum ciliatum, E. watsonii, herb & Beck 3852 E. adenocaulon (COLM) Onagraceae Oenothera white-stem AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 albicaulis evening- 3174 (COLM) primrose Onagraceae Oenothera plains evening- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1959 cespitosa ssp. primrose & Beck 3859 macroglottis (COLM) Onagraceae Oenothera cespitosa long-tube PerF Wide Pres Rare Miller 22 1960 var. evening- (COLO) marginata primrose Onagraceae Oenothera pallida pale evening- PerF RegEn Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 ssp. trichocalyx primrose & Beck 4996 (COLO) Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Onagraceae Oenothera villosa O. strigosa, O. biennial evening- PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Fenton & Clark s.n. var. strigosa biennis primrose (2007) (COLO) cited as present by Weber et al. (2005) was collected outside the monument. Orchidaceae Corallorhiza C. maculata var. spotted coral- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 maculata maculata root & Beck 3847 (COLO) Orchidaceae Limnorchis Platanthera northern bog PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Previous reports hyperborea aquilonis, P. orchid (2007) from COLM hyperborea, are based on Habenaria misidentiﬁ ed hyperborea specimens of Platanthera tescamnis. Orchidaceae Platanthera Includes specimens desert river bog- PerF Wide Pres Unc Jennings 90- 1982 Described as a tescamnis formerly referred to orchid 11 (COLO) new species in Limnocharis ensifolia 2006 (Sheviak and Jennings, 2006) Orobanchaceae Aphyllon Orobanche clustered PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 fasciculatum fasciculata broomrape 3347 (COLM) Orobanchaceae Orobanche O. ludoviciana var. Cooper’s PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Includes reports of ludoviciana ludoviciana, O. broomrape & Beck 4289 O. multiﬂ ora from cooperi (COLO) Weber et al. (2005) Pinaceae Picea pungens blue spruce Tree Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 State tree of (2007) Colorado Pinaceae Pinus edulis two-needle Tree Wide Pres Abun Weber, 1982 pinyon Wittmann, &

Chapter 6:Appendices Rector 16098 (COLM) Pinaceae Pinus ponderosa P. ponderosa ponderosa pine Tree Wide Pres Rare Rector & 1981 var. scopulorum Barbeau 656 (COLM) Pinaceae Pseudotsuga P. menziesii var. Douglas-ﬁ r Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 menziesii glauca & Beck 4125 (COLO) 49 50

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Plantaginaceae Plantago English plantain PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia lanceolata 3869 (COLO) Plantaginaceae Plantago major Includes var. common PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Mostly native to pachyphylla plantain & Beck 3854 Europe (considered by some (COLM) authors to be a native strain) Plantaginaceae Plantago P. patagonica var. woolly plantain AnnF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 949 1948 patagonica patagonica; includes (COLM) vars. gnaphaloides, spinulosa, & breviscapa Poaceae Achnatherum Stipa arida Mormon PerG Periph Pres Unc Weber 11292 1962 (Gramineae) aridum needlegrass (COLO) Poaceae Achnatherum Oryzopsis Indian ricegrass PerG Wide Pres Abun Weber s.n. 1948 (Gramineae) hymenoides hymenoides, Stipa (COLM) hymenoides Poaceae Achnatherum Stipa speciosa, Jarava desert PerG Periph Pres Unc Weber 8698 1954 (Gramineae) speciosum speciosa needlegrass (COLM) Poaceae Agropyron A. cristatum var. clustered PerG Intro Pres Unc Weber 11291 1962 Native to Eurasia. (Gramineae) desertorum desertorum; included wheatgrass (COLM) within A. cristatum by some authors Poaceae Agrostis gigantea Included in A. (Gramineae) redtop PerG Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 stolonifera by some & Beck 3868 authors (COLO) Poaceae Agrostis A. alba, some redtop PerG Intro Pres Rare Stevens s.n. 2005 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) stolonifera authors include A. (COLM) and Africa. Stevens gigantea collection may represent A. gigantea. Poaceae Anisantha diandra Bromus diandrus, B. ripgut brome AnnG Intro Pres Unc Weber 8691 1954 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) rigidus (COLO) Poaceae Anisantha Bromus tectorum cheatgrass AnnG Intro Pres Abun Miller 27 1948 Native to Eurasia. (Gramineae) tectorum (COLO) CO state noxious weed (List C) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Poaceae Aristida purpurea A. glauca, A. purple three- PerG Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1954 (Gramineae) purpurea var. awn 5048 (COLM) fendleriana, A. fendleriana Poaceae Bouteloua Includes vars. sideoats grama PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 (Gramineae) curtipendula curtipendula & 2382 (COLO) caespitosa Poaceae Bromopsis inermis Bromus inermis var. smooth brome PerG Intro Pres Unc Weber & 1984 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) inermis Randolph 17317 (COLM) Poaceae Bromus japonicus B. arvensis; some Japanese brome AnnG Intro Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) authors include B. (2007) commutatus Poaceae Cenchrus ﬁ eld sandbur AnnG Wide Pres Unc Hackney 898 1975 (Gramineae) longispinus (COLM) Poaceae Chondrosum Bouteloua gracilis blue grama PerG Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Siplivinsky & Beck (Gramineae) gracile (2007) # 5013 (COLO) cited as present by Weber et al. (2005) was probably collected outside the monument. Poaceae Critesion Hordeum meadow barley PerG Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 (Gramineae) brachyantherum brachyantherum (2007) Poaceae Critesion jubatum Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley PerG Wide Pres Unc Miller 32 1961 (Gramineae) (COLO) Poaceae Critesion pusillum Hordeum pusillum little barley AnnG Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1948 (Gramineae) Wittmann, & Rector 16091 Chapter 6:Appendices (COLO) Poaceae Dactylis glomerata orchard grass PerG Intro Pres Unc Hackney 899 1975 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) (COLM) and Africa Poaceae Dasyochloa Erioneuron (Gramineae) pulchella pulchellum, Tridens ﬂ uffgrass PerG Periph Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 5151 (COLM) pulchellum 51 52

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Poaceae Diplachne Leptochloa fusca bearded AnnG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) fascicularis var. fascicularis, L. sprangletop 5059 (COLM) fascicularis Poaceae Distichlis stricta D. spicata var. stricta, desert saltgrass PerG Wide Pres Unc Weber 11322 1962 (Gramineae) D. spicata (COLM) Poaceae Echinochloa crus- Some authors include barnyard-grass AnnG Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 Native to Eurasia. (Gramineae) galli E. microstachya 1922 (COLO) Poaceae Elymus canadensis E. canadensis var. Canada wildrye PerG Wide Pres Unc Stevens s.n. 2005 (Gramineae) canadensis (COLM) Poaceae Elymus elymoides Sitanion hystrix, squirreltail PerG Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Weber 3781 (Gramineae) E. elymoides var. (2007) (COLO) cited as elymoides present by Weber et al. (2005) was probably collected outside the monument. Poaceae Elymus longifolius Sitanion hystrix, bottlebrush PerG Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1954 (Gramineae) E. elymoides var. squirreltail & Beck 3837 brevifolius (COLO) Poaceae Elymus Agropyron caninum, slender PerG Wide Pres Com Miller & (Gramineae) trachycaulus A. subsecundum, wheatgrass Bogart s.n. 1961 A. trachycaulum, A. latiglume, E. (COLM) alaskanus ssp. latiglumis, E. trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus

Poaceae Elytrigia repens Agropyron repens, quackgrass PerG Intro Pres Unc Weber 8696 1954 Native to Eurasia. (Gramineae) Elymus repens (COLO) CO state noxious weed (List B) Poaceae Eragrostis Mediterranean AnnG Intro Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 Native to (Gramineae) barrelieri lovegrass 5103 Mediterranean Poaceae Erioneuron Tridens pilosus hairy tridens PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky & 1948 (Gramineae) pilosum Rector 3207 (COLO) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Poaceae Glyceria striata Includes G. elata fowl mannagrass PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) & Beck 3835 (COLM) Poaceae Hesperostipa H. comata var. needle-and- PerG Wide Pres Abun Weber s.n. 1948 (Gramineae) comata comata, Stipa comata thread (COLM) var. comata Poaceae Hesperostipa Stipa neomexicana New Mexico PerG Wide Pres Unc Wingate 1962 (Gramineae) neomexicana feathergrass 5702D (COLO) Poaceae Hilaria jamesii Pleuraphis jamesii galleta PerG Wide Pres Abun Porter & 1948 (Gramineae) Porter 10589 (COLM) Poaceae Koeleria K. cristata, K. Junegrass PerG Wide Pres Unc Weber 8693 1954 (Gramineae) macrantha pyramidata, K. nitida (COLO) Poaceae Leymus salina L. ambiguus, Elymus Salina wildrye PerG Wide Pres Abun Siplivinsky 1948 (Gramineae) salina, E. salinus, E. 3170 (COLO) ambiguus Poaceae Monroa squarrosa Munroa squarrosa false AnnG Wide Pres Unc Hackney 904 1975 (Gramineae) buffalograss (COLM) Poaceae Muhlenbergia scratchgrass PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 (Gramineae) asperifolia 5040 (COLO) Poaceae Muhlenbergia sixweeks muhly AnnG Periph Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) depauperata 5130 (COLM) Poaceae Muhlenbergia annual muhly AnnG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) minutissima 5129 (COLM) Poaceae Muhlenbergia (Gramineae) richardsonis mat muhly PerG Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Specimens cited (2007) by Weber et al. (2005) are based on misidentiﬁ ed Chapter 6:Appendices M. thurberi. Poaceae Muhlenbergia Includes M. curtifolia Thurber’s muhly PerG Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) thurberi 5087 (COLM) Poaceae Panicum capillare witchgrass AnnG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 (Gramineae) var. occidentale 5104 (COLM) Poaceae Panicum virgatum switchgrass PerG Wide Pres Rare Hackney 907 1975 (Gramineae) (COLM) 53 54

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Poaceae Pascopyrum Agropyron smithii, western PerG Wide Pres Unc Weber 8694 1954 (Gramineae) smithii Elymus smithii; wheatgrass (COLM) includes vars. smithii & palmeri Poaceae Phragmites P. communis common reed PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) australis & Beck 3792 (COLM) Poaceae Piptatherum Oryzopsis micrantha littleseed PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 (Gramineae) micranthum ricegrass & Beck 3825 (COLO) Poaceae Poa agassizensis P. pratensis ssp. Agassiz’s PerG Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1961 (Gramineae) agassizensis; included bluegrass 3378 (COLO) in P. pratensis by some authors Poaceae Poa bulbosa bulbous PerG Intro Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) bluegrass 3373 (COLM) and Africa Poaceae Poa fendleriana P. longiligula, P. muttongrass PerG Wide Pres Abun Weber 3897 1948 (Gramineae) fendleriana ssp. (COLM) longiligula Poaceae Poa juncifolia P. secunda ssp. alkali bluegrass PerG Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1982 (Gramineae) juncifolia. Included in Wittmann, & P. secunda (without Rector 16118 variety) by some (COLO) authors Poaceae Poa pratensis Most authors include Kentucky PerG Intro Pres Com Siplivinsky 1961 Native to Europe (Gramineae) P. agassizensis bluegrass & Beck 3784 (COLM) Poaceae Poa secunda Includes P. gracillima, Sandberg’s PerG Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 (Gramineae) P. juncifolia, P. bluegrass 3263 (COLM) sandbergii, P. canbyi, P. scabrella, P. nevadensis, P. ampla and all vars. of P. secunda Poaceae Polypogon rabbitfoot-grass AnnG Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) monspeliensis & Beck 3864 and Africa (COLM) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Poaceae Pseudoroegneria Agropyron spicatum, bluebunch PerG Wide Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 (Gramineae) spicata Elymus spicatus; wheatgrass (2007) includes ssp. inermis & spicata Poaceae Puccinellia P. nuttalliana Nuttall’s PerG Wide Pres Rare Kaeding 1984 (Gramineae) airoides alkaligrass & Abbey 8 (COLM) Poaceae Setaria viridis green AnnG Intro Pres Unc Weber & 1982 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) bristlegrass Rector 16391 (COLO) Poaceae Spartina pectinata prairie cordgrass PerG Wide Pres Rare Kaeding 16 1984 (Gramineae) (COLM) Poaceae Sporobolus S. airoides var. alkali sacaton PerG Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1975 (Gramineae) airoides airoides Wittmann, & Rector 16125 (COLM) Poaceae Sporobolus spike dropseed PerG Sparse Pres Unc Porter & 1968 (Gramineae) contractus Porter 10592 (COLM) Poaceae Sporobolus sand dropseed PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 (Gramineae) cryptandrus 5142 (COLM) Poaceae Sporobolus mesa dropseed PerG Periph Pres Unc Weber 8689 1954 (Gramineae) fl exuosus (COLO) Poaceae Thinopyrum Agropyron intermediate PerG Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia (Gramineae) intermedium ssp. intermedium, wheatgrass & Beck 4118 intermedium Elytrigia intermedia, (COLM) Elymus hispidus var. hispidus Poaceae Chapter 6:Appendices (Gramineae) Triticum aestivum wheat AnnG Intro Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Native to Eurasia (2007) Poaceae Vulpia octofl ora Festuca octofl ora; six-weeks fescue AnnG Wide Pres Abun Siplivinsky 1954 (Gramineae) includes vars. glauca, 3186 (COLO) hirtella, & octofl ora Polemoniaceae Gilia Included in G. eyelash gilia PerF Wide Pres Unc Wilken & 1954 ophthalmoides inconspicua by some Kelley 11987 authors (COLO) 55 56

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Polemoniaceae Gilia sinuata Included in G. shy gilia AnnF Periph Pres Unc Weber 3878 1948 ophthalmoides (COLO) by some authors, G. inconspicua, G. clokeyi, G. transmontana; includes vars. inconspicua & sinuata Polemoniaceae Gilia stenothyrsa Aliciella stenothyrsa, Uinta gilia PerF RegEn Rep Unc Von Loh et al. 2003 Ipomopsis (2007) stenothyrsa Polemoniaceae Ipomopsis Gilia aggregata var. scarlet gilia PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 aggregata ssp. aggregata 3303 (COLM) aggregata Polemoniaceae Ipomopsis roseata Gilia roseata San Rafael gilia PerF RegEn Pres Com Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality is 2388 (COLO) Grand Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n. NY) Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon Leptodactylon prickly-phlox Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 pungens pungens var. & Beck 4126 pungens, Linanthus (COLM) pungens Polemoniaceae Leptodactylon Linanthus watsonii Watson’s prickly- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 watsonii phlox & Beck 4119 (COLM) Polemoniaceae Phlox P. austromontana var. desert phlox PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 austromontana austromontana; var. (2007) not recognized in Intermountain Flora (1984) Polemoniaceae Phlox hoodii P. hoodii var. canescens; includes Hood’s phlox PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1982 ssp. glabrata, hoodii, Rector 3352 (COLM) & viscidula Polemoniaceae Phlox longifolia Includes vars. long-leaf phlox PerF Wide Pres Unc Weber 3817 1948 longifolia & (COLO) stansburyi Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Polygalaceae Polygala P. subspinosa var. cushion milkwort PerF Wide Pres Rare Weber s.n. 1948 subspinosa subspinosa (COLM) Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. cernuum var. nodding wild AnnF Wide Pres Unc Porter & 1961 cernuum cernuum; vars. not buckwheat Porter 10580 recognized in Flora (COLM) of North America (2005) Polygonaceae Eriogonum rimrock wild Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Hackney 956 1975 corymbosum var. buckwheat (COLM) orbiculatum Polygonaceae Eriogonum Hooker’s wild AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 hookeri buckwheat 5027 (COLM) Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. infl atum var. desert trumpet PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 958 1948 infl atum infl atum (COLM) Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. lonchophyllum longleaf wild Shrub RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 lonchophyllum var. lonchophyllum, buckwheat & Beck 4991 E. intermontanum, (COLO) E. corymbosum var. humivagans. Vars. not recognized in Flora of North America (2005) Polygonaceae Eriogonum slender wild Shrub Wide Pres Unc Miller 37 1961 microthecum var. buckwheat (COLO) laxifl orum Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. microthecum var. slender wild Shrub Wide Pres Unc Weber 3791 1948 microthecum var. foliosum. Welsh et buckwheat (COLO) simpsonii al. (2003) includes E.

Chapter 6:Appendices phoeniceum Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. ovalifolium, E. cushion wild PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1954 ovalifolium var. ovalifolium var. buckwheat 3167 (COLM) ovalifolium purpureum Polygonaceae Eriogonum Palmer’s wild AnnF Periph Pres Rare Hackney s.n. 1975 palmerianum buckwheat (COLO) Polygonaceae Eriogonum E. umbellatum var. sulfur wild PerF Wide Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 umbellatum umbellatum buckwheat (2007) 57 58

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Polygonaceae Polygonum P. ramosissimum var. bushy knotweed AnnF Wide Rep Rare Von Loh et al. 2003 ramosissimum ramosissimum (2007) Polygonaceae Pterogonum Eriogonum alatum winged wild PerF Wide Pres Com Weber 3892 1948 alatum buckwheat (COLO) Polygonaceae Rumex crispus curly dock PerF Intro Pres Unc Weber 8687 1954 Native to Eurasia (COLM) Polygonaceae Rumex canaigre dock PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky & 1948 hymenosepalus Rector 3215 (COLO) Polygonaceae Rumex R. mexicanus, R. willow dock PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 triangulivalvis salicifolius var. & Beck 3771 mexicanus, R. (COLM) salicifolius ssp. triangulivalvis, R. utahensis, R. triangulivalvis var. mexicanus & var. montigenitus Polygonaceae Stenogonum Eriogonum smooth wild AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 salsuginosum salsuginosum buckwheat 3271 (COLM) Portulacaceae Portulaca P. parvula dwarf purslane AnnF Periph Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 halimoides 5127 (COLM) Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea common AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to E North purslane 5095 (COLO) America Portulacaceae Talinum Phemeranthus small-fl owered parvifl orum parvifl orus, P. fame-fl PerF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 confertifl orus ower 5121 (COLM)

Primulaceae Androsace western rock- AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky, 1982 occidentalis jasmine Rector, Wingate, & Weber 3110 (COLO) Primulaceae Androsace Includes var. pygmy-fl ower AnnF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1962 septentrionalis subulifera & ssp. rock-jasmine & Beck 3803 puberulenta & (COLO) subumbellata Appendix A. Confi rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientifi c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Ranunculaceae Ceratocephala C. testiculata, bur buttercup AnnF Intro Pres Unc Hackney 967 1948 Native to Eurasia orthoceras Ranunculus (COLM) testiculatus Ranunculaceae Clematis white virgin’s- PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1961 ligusticifolia bower & Beck 3808 (COLM) Ranunculaceae Halerpestes Ranunculus marsh buttercup PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 cymbalaria ssp. cymbalaria var. & Beck 3846 saximontana saximontana. Vars. (COLM) not recognized in Flora of North America (1997) Ranunculaceae Hecatonia Ranunculus blister buttercup AnnF Wide Pres Rare Hackney 966 1975 scelerata sceleratus var. (COLM) multiﬁ dus Rosaceae Amelanchier Utah serviceberry Shrub Wide Pres Abun Miller 10 1948 utahensis (COLO) Rosaceae Armeniaca Prunus armeniaca apricot Tree Intro Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 Native to China vulgaris & Beck 5009 (COLM) Rosaceae Cercocarpus C. ledifolius var. dwarf mountain Shrub Wide Pres Com Gilbert s.n. 1959 intricatus intricatus mahogany (COLO) Rosaceae Cercocarpus C. ledifolius var. curl-leaf Shrub Wide Pres Unc Kaeding 17 1984 Hybrids with C. ledifolius intercedens, C. mountain (COLM) intricatus are ledifolius var. mahogany present in COLM intermontanus (Rector 719). Rosaceae Cercocarpus alder-leaf montanus mountain Shrub Wide Pres Abun Siplivinsky & 1975 Hybrids with C. Rector 3199 intricatus are

Chapter 6:Appendices mahogany (COLM) present in COLM (Siplivinsky & Beck 3756). Rosaceae Coleogyne blackbrush Shrub Periph Pres Rare Weber 11342 1962 ramosissima (COLM) Rosaceae Holodiscus H. dumosus bush oceanspray Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 discolor & Beck 3785 (COLM) 59 60

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Rosaceae Padus virginiana Prunus virginiana var. western Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 ssp. melanocarpa melanocarpa chokecherry & Beck 3826 (COLM) Rosaceae Purshia P. mexicana var. cliff-rose Shrub Wide Pres Unc Weber 3812 1948 stansburiana stansburyana, (COLO) Cowania mexicana Rosaceae Rosa woodsii R. woodsii var. Woods’ rose Shrub Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1960 ultramontana; some 5134 (COLO) authors include R. manca Rubiaceae Galium G. multiﬂ orum var. Colorado PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 Type locality coloradoense coloradoense bedstraw & Beck 3783 is Mancos, (COLM) Montezuma Co., CO (Eastwood s.n.) Salicaceae Populus alba white poplar Tree Intro Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Cultivar that (2007) may become naturalized in COLM. Native to Eurasia Salicaceae Populus narrow-leaved Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 angustifolia cottonwood & Beck 3763 (COLM) Salicaceae Populus deltoides P. fremontii var. Rio Grande Tree Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1954 ssp. wislizenii wislizenii cottonwood 3381 (COLO) Salicaceae Populus quaking aspen Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 tremuloides 3834 (COLM) Salicaceae Populus x P. acuminata, P. x lance-leaf acuminata intercurrens. Hybrid Tree Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 of P. fremontii x P. cottonwood & Beck 4287 angustifolia (COLO)

Salicaceae Salix peach-leaf Tree Wide Pres Rare Weber, 1982 amygdaloides willow Wittmann, & Rector 16115 (COLO) Salicaceae Salix bebbiana Bebb’s willow Shrub Wide Pres Rare Stevens s.n. 2005 (COLM) Appendix A. Conﬁ rmed, historical, and reported vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by family and scientiﬁ c name with taxonomic and biogeographic notes, cont.

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Salicaceae Salix exigua S. exigua var. coyote willow Shrub Wide Pres Com Siplivinsky 1961 stenophylla, S. & Beck 3845 exigua var. exigua (COLM) Salicaceae Salix fragilis crack willow Tree Intro Rep ? Von Loh et al. 2003 Native to Eurasia (2007) Salicaceae Salix gooddingii S. nigra var. vallicola Goodding’s black Tree Periph Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 willow 3274 (COLM) Salicaceae Salix ligulifolia S. eriocephala var. strapleaf willow Shrub Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1980 ligulifolia Wittmann, & Rector 16116 (COLO) Salicaceae Salix lucida ssp. S. lasiandra var. whiplash willow Shrub Wide Pres Unc Weber, 1980 caudata caudata Siplivinsky, & Rector 15831 (COLM) Salicaceae Salix lutea S. eriocephala var. yellow willow Shrub Wide Pres Rare Stevens s.n. 2005 watsonii, S. rigida (COLM) var. watsonii Santalaceae Comandra C. umbellata var. bastard toadﬂ ax PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 umbellata pallida & Beck 3867 (COLO) Saxifragaceae Heuchera Includes vars. littleleaf PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1975 parvifolia major, parvifolia, & alumroot & Beck 3821 utahensis (COLO) Scrophulariaceae Castilleja C. angustifolia var. desert PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky chromosa dubia, C. applegatei paintbrush 1975 ssp. martinii 3340 (COLM)

Scrophulariaceae Castilleja Wyoming PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 981 1961 Chapter 6:Appendices linariifolia paintbrush (COLM) Scrophulariaceae Castilleja minor C. minor ssp. minor, annual AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1981 C. exilis paintbrush 1925 (COLO) Scrophulariaceae Castilleja scabrida C. scabrida var. Eastwood’s PerF RegEn Pres Unc Weber & 1948 Type locality is scabrida paintbrush Randolph Grand Junction, 17322 (COLM) Mesa Co., CO (Long s.n. CAS) 61 62

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia. & Beck 3775 CO state noxious (COLM) weed (List B) Scrophulariaceae Mimulus M. glabratus var. glabrous PerF Wide Pres Rare Rector 712 1981 glabratus fremontii, M. monkeyfl ower (COLO) glabratus var. jamesii Scrophulariaceae Mimulus rubellus reddish AnnF Wide Pres Unc Weber 15342 1978 monkeyfl ower (COLO) Scrophulariaceae Penstemon P. caespitosus var. mat penstemon PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 caespitosus caespitosus 3348 (COLM) Scrophulariaceae Penstemon dusty penstemon PerF RegEn Pres Unc Hackney 982 1975 comarrhenus (COLM) Scrophulariaceae Penstemon bluestem PerF RegEn Pres Com Pennell & 1938 Type locality is cyanocaulis penstemon Schaeffer near Naturita, 22156 (COLO) Montrose Co., CO (Payson 348 RM) Scrophulariaceae Penstemon Moffatt PerF RegEn Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1955 Type locality is moffatii penstemon 3161 (COLM) Grand Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n.) Scrophulariaceae Verbascum woolly mullein PerF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia. thapsus & Beck 4117 CO state noxious (COLM) weed (List C) Scrophulariaceae Veronica catenata Included in V. chain speedwell PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1980 anagallis-aquatica by 3304 (COLM) some authors Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Includes vars. dense spike-moss fern Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1981 standleyi, densa, 1936 (COLO) & scopulorum, S. scopulorum. Selaginellaceae Selaginella mutica S. mutica var. mutica blunt-leaf spike- fern Wide Pres Unc Weber 3871 1948 moss (COLO) Sinopteridaceae Argyrochosma Notholaena Fendler’s cloak- fern Sparse Pres Rare Siplivinsky 1982 (Polypodiaceae, fendleri fendleri, Cheilanthes fern & Beck 4294 Adiantaceae, cancellata (COLM) Pteridaceae) T. ed Juniperus Pinus edulis on osteosperma Comments CO state noxious weed (List B) Weber et al. Weber (2005) are based on misidentifi specimens of latifolia. on 1951 parasitic Typically Year Year doc. 1948 1982 1982 1982 1948 Native to Eurasia. 2003 Reports from 1980 1980 1982 Native to Asia 2003 1975 1951 parasitic Typically Source (COLO) & Beck 3812 (COLO) 5119 (COLM) 5136 (COLO) & Beck 4974 (COLO) (COLM) (2007) 5042 (COLO) (COLO) & Beck 5001 (COLM) (2007) (COLM) & Beck 5007 (COLM) Pop. size Park status Range Life Form PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky Shrub Intro Pres Unc Hackney 984 PerG Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky Tree Wide Pres Unc Rector 1 PerF Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky ve-stamen Common name slender lip-fern fern Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky purple cliff-brake fern Sparse Pres Rare Siplivinsky Virginia ground- cherry buffalobur AnnF Wide Pres Rare Siplivinsky fi tamarisk southern cattail PerG Periph Rep ? Loh et al. Von broad-leaved cattail netleaf hackberry Siberian elm Tree Intro Pres Rare Siplivinsky tobacco-root PerF Wide Rep Unc Loh et al. Von prostrate vervain PerF Wide Pres Unc Hackney 988 pinyon dwarf- mistletoe juniper mistletoe PerF Wide Pres Unc 6066 Weber

T. , var. P. gastonyi P. Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Western U.S. material Western may be chinensis T. pentandra T. reticulata Cheilanthes feei Pellaea atropurpurea Physalis virginiana Solanum rostratum Tamarix Tamarix ramosissima Typha Typha domingensis Typha latifolia Typha Celtis reticulata C. laevigata Ulmus pumila Valeriana edulis Valeriana Verbena bracteata Verbena Arceuthobium divaricatum Phoradendron juniperinum FamilySinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae) Species name Sinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae) Solanaceae Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Typhaceae Typhaceae Ulmaceae (Celtidaceae) Ulmaceae Valerianaceae Verbenaceae Viscaceae Viscaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 63 64

Synonyms/ Life Park Pop. Year Family Species name Common name Range Source Comments Taxonomic notes Form status size doc. Woodsiaceae Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia fern Wide Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1948 (Polypodiaceae, ssp. cathcartiana 5131 (COLM) Aspleniaceae) Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris puncture vine AnnF Intro Pres Unc Siplivinsky 1982 Native to Eurasia. 5110 (COLM) CO state noxious weed (List C) A. cruentus x Co., CO (Osterhout 2572) May be of hybrid origin between A. powellii cited as present by Weber et cited as present by Weber al. (2005) was collected from outside the monument. Co., CO (Crandall 4082 NY) PerF Wide PerFPerF Wide LocEnd locality is Minturn, Eagle Type ternate desert-parsley PerF Wide fern-leaved desert- parsley redroot pigweedcutleaf water-parsnip PerF AnnF spring- Constance’s parsley Wide IntroRocky Mountain spring-parsley laceQueen Anne’s Native to Central America PerF Intro Native to Eurasia prince’s featherprince’s AnnF Intro Native to SW North America. holosteumprostrate pigweed AnnF AnnF Wide Intro Native to Europe Siberian dogbane PerF Wide Datil yucca Shrub Wide Harrington & Smith # 1150 (CS) mouse-ear chickweed PerF Intro Native to Eurasia San Juan onion PerFball-head sandwort Wide PerF locality is Palisade, Mesa Type Wide Jones’ amsonia PerF RegEn CO BLM: Sensitive spreading dogbane PerF Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments

var. ssp. baccata vulgare simplex eatonii incisa C. by some , A. ssp. var. var. var. E. congesta var. , dum congesta androsaemifolium L. simplex multiﬁ Includes vars. A. hypochondriacus congesta var. umbellatum A. androsaemifolium var. Included in cannabinum authors fontanum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

ssp. var. exus rmed) vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument. Amsonia jonesii platycarpum Lomatium triternatum Berula erectaCymopterus constancei Cymopterus planosus B. erecta Daucus carota Lomatium dissectum Amaranthus retroﬂ Amaranthus blitoidesAmaranthus hybridus hypochondriacus A. graecizans Eremogone congesta Arenaria congesta Allium macropetalum Cerastium fontanum C. vulgatum Holosteum umbellatum H. umbellatum Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynum sibiricum Yucca baccataYucca baccata Y. Apocynaceae Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Apocynaceae Apocynaceae FamilyAgavaceae Species name Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ

Chapter 6: Appendices 65 noxious weed (List B) 15959, Siplivinsky 1234, & Siplivinsky & Beck 4129 cited as et al. (2005) present by Weber were collected outside the monument. musk thistle PerF Intro Native to Eurasia. CO state rayless alkali aster AnnF Wide Rio Grande seepwillow Shrubcutleaf Wide arrowleaf balsamroot PerF Wide PerF & Rector Siplivisnky, Weber, Wide Devil’s- beggarsticksDevil’s- PerF Wide rosy pussytoesBreaks pussytoes PerFMayweed PerF Wide Wide AnnF Intro Native to Eurasia Rusby’s milkweedRusby’s common yarrow PerF PerF RegEn alkali aster Wide giant ragweedlow pussytoes PerF AnnF Wide Wide PerF Native to C North America. Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments

var.

, var. (2006) Flora of leiophyllus by some orus A. vars. not

; B. emoryi Includes ssp. Aster brachyactis Symphyotrichum ciliatum Includes lanulosa recognized in North America Included in microphylla authors rusbyi Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

ssp. oruspaucifl Aster var. da rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Carduus nutans macrolepis Bahia dissectaBalsamorhiza sagittata Amauriopsis dissecta Bidens frondosa Brachyactis ciliata angusta Antennaria rosulata Anthemis cotula Baccharis salicina Achillea lanulosaAlmutaster paucifl A. millefolium Ambrosia trifi Antennaria dimorpha Antennaria rosea Asclepias rusbyi A. engelmanniana Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyAsclepiadaceae Species name

66 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument present by Weber et al. (2005) present by Weber was collected from outside the locality is near monument. Type Grand Junction, CO (Eastwood s.n. CAS) from just outside the monument. locality is Orchard Mesa, Type Grand Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n.) ower PerF RegEn ower PerF Wide ower AnnF Wide slender goldenweed AnnF Periph prairie sunfl pineapple-weed AnnF Wide Eaton’s daisyEaton’s marshweed PerFbasin blanketfl sunfl Nuttall’s AnnF Wide Sparse Jerusalem-artichoke PerFshowy goldeneye Intro PerF Native to E North America Wide spreading daisy PerF Wide Common nameEastwood-plant Life Form Range PerF Comments Wide Osterhout 6016 (COLO) cited as golden tickseedmarsh-elder AnnFnoddinghead Intro AnnF Native to C North America. PerF Wide RegEn 3865 (COLO) is probably Weber

, fallax

ora M. nuttallii parva , eatonii var. ssp. ssp. var. var. E. tracyi , Xanthisma gracile discoidea matricarioides cinereus Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic oramultifl Viguiera rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Machaeranthera gracilis Haplopappus gracilis Flaveria campestris Gaillardia spathulata Helianthus petiolarisHelianthus tuberosus H. petiolaris Heliomeris multifl Lepidotheca suaveolens Matricaria Erigeron eatonii E. eatonii Helianthus nuttallii H. nuttallii Chamaechaenactis scaposa C. scaposa Coreopsis tinctoria Cyclachaena xanthifolia Iva xanthifolia Enceliopsis nutans Encelia nutans Erigeron colo-mexicanus E. divergens Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyAsteraceae (Compositae) Species name Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 67 noxious weed (List B) as present by Weber et al. as present by Weber (2005) was collected outside the monument Shrub Wide Siplivinsky 2395 (COLO) cited Spanishgoldmountain hawksbeard PerF PerF Wide Intro Native to C North America. Scotch thistle PerF Intro Native to Eurasia. CO state copperweedNew Mexico groundsel PerF Shrub Wide Periph sand wormwood PerF Wide Douglas’ groundsel PerFcommon groundsel AnnF Wide Intro Native to Europe mountain big sagebrush Common namelacy tansy-aster Life Form Range PerFtansyleaf aster Comments Wide scentless chamomile AnnF PerF Wide Intro Native to Europe

, ,

, ca

, paciﬁ var. var. accidus ssp. P. var. var. var. S. ,

, fl , da ssp. da ssp. T. inodorum T. , var. Artemisia , cus mutabilis vaseyana pinnatifi spinulosus accidus S. longilobus fl var. Grindelia papposa acanthium neomexicana mutabilis var. M. pinnatifi var. Haplopappus spinulosus var. pacifi campestris A. campestris scouleriana Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic T. maritima T. maritima Tripleurospermum Tripleurospermum perforata

var. cuscampestris O. da rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Psilochenia acuminataSenecio douglasii Crepis acuminata longilobus Oxytenia acerosaPackera neomexicana Iva acerosa Senecio neomexicanus Prionopsis ciliata Haplopappus ciliatus Onopordum acanthium O. acanthium Senecio vulgaris Seriphidium vaseyanum Artemisia tridentata Machaeranthera pinnatifi Machaeranthera tanacetifolia Matricaria perforata M. maritima Oligosporus pacifi Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyAsteraceae (Compositae) Species name Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae)

68 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Co., UT (Jones s.n.) eld sow-thistle PerF Intro Native to Europe spiny-leaf sow-thistle AnnFcommon sow-thistle Intro AnnFmarsh sow-thistle Intro Native to Europe PerFcommon tansy Native to Europe horsebushNuttall’s Intro PerF Shrub hymenoxysTorrey’s Native to Europe PerF RegEn Intro RegEn Native to Europe Cisco woodyaster PerF RegEn locality is near Cisco, Grand Type ﬁ trumpet vine PerF Intro Native to E North America scapose greenthread PerFannual townsendia Wide AnnFstemless townsendia PerFsalsify Periph Wide falcate aster PerF PerF Wide Intro Native to Europe Canadian goldenrod PerFlate goldenrod Wide PerF Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments

var.

(2006). arvensis

Flora of var. falcatum var. var.

S. arvensis , vars. not ,

var. ssp. ; S. lepida var. , uliginosus falcatus glabrescens subnudum ssp. recognized in North America var. Symphyotrichum falcatum venusta salebrosa salebrosa Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Sonchus asper Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus uliginosus vulgare Tanacetum S. arvensis nuttallii Tetradymia torreyanaTetraneuris Thelesperma subnudum Hymenoxys torreyana subnudum T. Campsis radicans Townsendia annua Townsendia exscapa Townsendia porrifolius Tragopogon Virgulus falcatusXylorhiza venusta Aster falcatus Machaeranthera Solidago gigantea Sonchus arvensis S. arvensis Solidago canadensis S. canadensis Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Bignoniaceae Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyAsteraceae (Compositae) Species name

Chapter 6: Appendices 69 cited as present by Weber et al. cited as present by Weber (2005) was collected outside the monument. Co., CO (Eastwood s.n. CAS) et al. (2005) present by Weber was collected outside the locality is monument. Type Montezuma Co., Mancos River, CO (Baker et al. 827) Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n. CAS) Montrose Co., CO (Payson 458 RM) River along Victory Highway (Osterhout 6195 RM) Osterhout 4556 (COLO) cited as et al. (2005) present by Weber were probably collected outside the monument. noxious weed (List B) AnnF Wide PerF LocEnd from Grand Junction, Mesa Type PerF Intro Native to Eurasia. CO state ower meadow popcorn- ﬂ showy stickseed PerF Wide bindweed heliotrope AnnFEuropean stickseed Wide AnnFwestern stoneseed Introshort-styled bluebell PerFGrand Junction PerF Siplivinsky & Beck 3816 (COLO) cryptanth cryptanthBaker’s Wide Wide PerF RegEntall cryptanth Wiens 3062 (COLO) cited as carbon cryptanth PerFParadox cryptanth PerF PerF LocEnderect cryptanth RegEn locality is Grand Junction, Type RegEn PerF locality is Paradox Valley, Type RegEn locality is S of Yampa Type recurved cryptanth AnnF Periph 3761 (COLO) and Weber Common name Life Form Range Comments common hound’s- tongue L. squarrosa , var. var. squarrosa P. scouleri P. hispidulus var. Heliotropium convolvulaceum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

var. ssp. cinale oribunda rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Lappula squarrosa L. echinata penicillatus Hackelia fl Lithospermum ruderale Mertensia brevistyla Oreocarya apertaOreocarya bakeri Cryptantha aperta Cryptantha bakeri Oreocarya elataOreocarya mensanaOreocarya paradoxa Cryptantha elata Cryptantha mensana Oreocarya stricta Cryptantha paradoxa Plagiobothrys scouleri Cryptantha stricta Cryptantha recurvata Cynoglossum offi Euploca convolvulacea californica Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyBoraginaceae Species name Boraginaceae Boraginaceae

70 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument 146 (COLO) cited as present et al. (2005) were by Weber collected outside the monument. noxious weed (List B) Montezuma Co., CO (Baker et al. 394 NDG) AnnF Wide ower AnnF Intro Native to Europe pale madwortdesert madwort AnnFnorthern wintercress AnnF PerF IntroEuropean wintercress Intro PerF Wide rockcressFendler’s Native to Europe Native to Europe Intro PerF Native to Eurasia Wide 15950 (COLO) and Young Weber Common name Life Form Range Comments Sweetwater rockcress PerFperennial rockcress Wide PerF Wide Holboell’s rockcressHolboell’s PerF Wide whitetop PerF Intro Native to Europe. CO state hare’s-ear mustardhare’s-ear AnnF Intro Native to Europe Syrian mustard AnnF Intro Native to Europe alkali pepperweed PerF RegEn locality is Mancos, Type mountain tansy- mustard spreading wallﬂ

, ;

var. var. var. var. C.

, A. var. , var. var. fendleri secunda var. var. var. var. draba Arabis , D. incana D. incana , , var. Intermountain Flora Arabis fendleri secunda draba sonnei Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic holboellii (2005) perennans holboellii A. holboellii retrofracta incana spathulatum vars. not recognized in sonnei

var. rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Alyssum desertorum Barbarea orthoceras Barbarea vulgaris Boechera fendleri spatifolia Alyssum alyssoides Boechera ligniferaBoechera perennans Arabis lignifera Boechera retrofracta Arabis perennans B. holboellii Cardaria draba Lepidium draba Conringia orientalis Descurainia incisa D. richardsonii Euclidium syriacum Lepidium crenatum L. montanum Erysimum repandum Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyBrassicaceae (Cruciferae) Species name Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 71 Creek, Costilla Co., CO (Rydberg 6135 NY) & Vreeland cited as present by Weber et al. cited as present by Weber (2005) were probably collected outside the monument. PerF RegEn USFWS: Threatened eld pennycress AnnF Intro Native to Europe silver orach AnnF Wide white campionbouncing-betcommon hornwort PerF PerF PerF Intro Wide Intro Native to Europe Native to Europe mesa twinpod PerF LocEnd locality is Sangre de Cristo Type common hopstall baby’s-breath PerF PerF Wide Intro Native to Eurasia charlockfalse London rocket AnnFwhite prince’s-plume PerF AnnF Introﬁ Intro RegEn Native to Eurasia Native to Europe alpine pennycress PerF Wide watercress PerF Intro Native to Europe pincushion cactus PerFUinta Basin hookless cactus Wide upright pepperwort AnnF Intro 3855 & 11391 (COLO) Weber Common name Life Form Range Comments Blue Valley orachBlue Valley AnnF RegEn S.

Lychnis Lychnis (2003) , Flora of vars. not

var. var. ; of Utah var. var. var. Thlaspi , vivipara argentea var. var. alba montana recognized in North America Some authors include wetlandicus H. lupulus neomexicanus montanum montanum aquaticum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

ssp. ora cinalenasturtium- Rorippa cinalis oribunda rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Saponaria offi Ceratophyllum demersum Atriplex argentea A. argentea Coryphantha vivipara Escobaria vivipara Gypsophila paniculata Melandrium dioicum Silene latifolia Sinapis arvensisSisymbrium loeselii Stanleya albescens Brassica kaber Thlaspi arvense Physaria fl Noccaea montana N. montana Sclerocactus glaucus Humulus lupulus americanus Lepidium strictum Nasturtium offi Atriplex gracilifl Chenopodiaceae Caryophyllaceae Ceratophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cactaceae Cannabaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyBrassicaceae (Cruciferae) Species name Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

72 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument (Eastwood s.n.) (COLO) cited as present by et al. (2005) was collected Weber outside the monument. Tree Wide & Siplivinsky 15933 Weber at-sedge AnnG Wide Hasse’s sedgeHasse’s woolly sedgewestern sedge PerGblackcreeper sedge PerG Disj PerG PerG Wide Wide Wide silvery goosefoot AnnF Wide red goosefoot poverty-weedNuttall’s AnnFtiny poverty-weed AnnF Wide AnnF Wide Periph locality is Grand Junction, Type red saltwortslender Russian-thistle AnnFevolvulus AnnF gourdbuffalo IntroRocky Mountain juniper Sparse Native to Russia PerF PerF sedgeEmory’s elk sedge Wide Wide PerG Wide PerG Wide pitseed goosefoot AnnF Wide mountain goosefoot AnnF Wide redroot ﬂ two-seed orachspear orach AnnF Intro AnnF Sparse Native to Eurasia Common name Life Form Range orachPowell’s Comments AnnF Wide sand spikerush PerG Periph

C. var.

, powellii rubrum incanum var. var. var. var. var. (sensu lato) beaked sedge PerG Wide var. C. album C. incanum var. var. , , S. europaea , rubra occidentale var. var. CO material may be aurea. ssp. incanum fremontii zschackei berlandieri atrovirens Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Carex lanuginosaCarex occidentalis Carex praegracilis Carex utriculata C. pellita C. rostrata Chenopodium rubrum C. rubrum Monolepis nuttalliana Monolepis pusilla Micromonolepis pusilla Salicornia europaeaSalsola collina Evolvulus nuttallianus S. rubra Cucurbita foetidissima Sabina scopulorum Juniperus scopulorum Carex emoryi Carex geyeri Carex hassei Chenopodium incanum C. incanum Chenopodium berlandieri C. berlandieri Cyperus erythrorhizos Atriplex patula Atriplex powellii A. powellii Atriplex heterosperma A. micrantha Chenopodium atrovirens C. fremontii Eleocharis montevidensis Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Convolvulaceae Cucurbitaceae Cupressaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyChenopodiaceae Species name Chenopodiaceae Cyperaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 73 is a CO E. esula Junction, Mesa Co., CO (Osterhout 6557 RM). CO BLM Sensitive Canyon of the Grand River, Grand Co., CO (Patterson s.n. GH) state noxious weed (List B) UT (Jones s.n. POM) PerF LocEnd locality is S of Grand Type PerF Wide seemly sweetpeaperennial sweetpea PerF PerFshortstem lupine Wide Intro AnnF Native to Europe Wide Hayden’s milkvetchHayden’s PerF Wide tall kentrophytaGrand Junction PerFmilkvetch Wide great rushy milkvetch PerFegg milkvetch Wide milkvetchPatterson’s PerF PerFRocky Mountain RegEnmilkvetch Wide locality is near Grand Type milkweed milkvetch PerF RegEn locality is Cisco, Grand Co., Type toothed spurgeprairie spurge AnnFleafy spurge Intro AnnF PerF Sparse Native to C North America Intro Native to Eurasia. pale bulrush PerG Wide Colorado manzanita Shrub Sparse beaked spikerush PerG Sparse Common name Life Form Range Comments

, A. var.

var. var. var. var. A. uva-ursi. x eucosmus haydenianus Hybrid between patula dentata uralensis pallidus Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

var. var. x rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Lathyrus latifolius Lupinus brevicaulis Astragalus kentrophyta elatus Astragalus linifolius Astragalus lonchocarpus Astragalus oophorus Astragalus pattersonii Astragalus scopulorum Lathyrus eucosmus L. brachycalyx caulescens Astragalus asclepiadoides Astragalus haydenianus A. bisulcatus Tithymalus spathulatusTithymalus uralensisTithymalus Euphorbia spathulata Euphorbia esula Arctostaphylos coloradensis Poinsettia dentata Euphorbia davidii Scirpus pallidus S. atrovirens Eleocharis rostellata Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Ericaceae Euphorbiaceae Cyperaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyCyperaceae Species name

74 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument ower of Colorado Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n. CAS) PerF Wide PerFPerF Periph Wide brittle phacelia phaceliaEastwood’s AnnF AnnF RegEn RegEn locality is Grand Junction, Type Rocky Mountain irismountain blue-eyed PerFgrass Wide capitate waterleaf PerF Wide Colorado columbine PerF Wide State ﬂ purple cluster crane’s- bill crane’s- Richardson’s bill golden currantwax currant Shrub Wide Shrub Wide slender rushknotted rush PerG PerG Wide Wide dwarf cloverwhite clovergolden smoke PerFelkweed PerF Wide PerF Intro Wide PerF Native to Europe Wide toad rushcompressed rush AnnG PerG Wide Intro Native to Europe black locuststrawberry clover Tree PerF Intro Intro Native to E North America Native to Europe Common name Life Form Range Comments

, ,

var. parryi aureum demissa

bufonius var. dudleyi aurea & halophilus , R. cereum and , var.

var. var. var. var. var. inebrians ambiguus Includes vars. occidentalis capitatum & var. pedicellare Includes vars. ochroleuca pinetorum Includes vars. caespitosum gymnocarpon Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Phacelia splendens Iris missouriensis Sisyrinchium montanum Juncus bufonius Phacelia demissa demissa P. Hydrophyllum capitatum H. capitatum Geranium richardsonii Ribes aureumRibes cereumAquilegia coerulea R. aureum R. cereum Juncus nodosus Trifolium repens Trifolium Corydalis aureaFrasera speciosaGeranium caespitosum C. aurea Swertia radiata Juncus compressus Juncus dudleyi J. tenuis Trifolium fragiferum Trifolium gymnocarponTrifolium gymnocarpon T. Robinia pseudoacacia Hydrophyllaceae Iridaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Geraniaceae Grossulariaceae Grossulariaceae Helleboraceae (Ranunculaceae) Juncaceae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fumariaceae Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyFabaceae (Leguminosae) Species name

Chapter 6: Appendices 75 Junction (Osterhout 6086 RM) Juan Co., UT (Eastwood 31 CAS) noxious weed (List A) & Welsh, Grand Co., UT (Welsh, 16689 BRY) Welsh PerF RegEn PerF Periph ower-of-an-hour AnnF Intro Native to Africa Thompson’s stickleafThompson’s AnnF RegEn locality is N side Grand Type many-stemmed blazing-star desert stickleafwing-seed stickleaf PerF PerF Wide Wide locality is Willow Creek, San Type common mallowslenderleaf globemallow AnnFOsage orangewhite mulberry Introclay sand-verbena Tree Native to Eurasia Tree PerF Intro Intro RegEn Native to E North America. locality is 6 miles S of Cisco, Type Native to China grand redstempurple loosestrifevelvetleaf AnnF PerFﬂ Sparse Intro AnnF Native to Europe. CO state Intro Native to Old World whitestem blazingstar AnnF Wide seaside arrowgrass PerGAmerican bugleweedcommon horehound PerF Wide catnip PerFforest salvia Wide American germander Intro PerF Native to Eurasia PerF Wide PerF Intro Intro Native to Europe Native to Europe low sand-verbena PerF RegEn Common name Life Form Range Comments

, , M. , ;

ora , elata var. nana M. albicaulis var. var. ora var. ora multicaulis var. M. multifl Mentzelia humilis thompsonii multifl included in by some authors Many authors include concinnum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic oramultifl Mentzelia rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Nuttallia multicaulisNuttallia multifl Mentzelia multicaulis Nuttallia pterosperma Mentzelia pterosperma Malva neglecta Sphaeralcea leptophylla Maclura pomifera Morus alba Abronia argillosa Ammannia robusta salicaria Lythrum Abutilon theophrasti Hibiscus trionum Abronia nana A. nana Acrolasia humilis Nuttallia humilis Lycopus americanus Lycopus Marrubium vulgare Nepeta cataria Salvia sylvestris canadense Teucrium Acrolasia gracilis S. nemorosa Mentzelia gracilis Triglochin maritimaTriglochin maritima T. Loasaceae Loasaceae Loasaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Moraceae Moraceae Nyctaginaceae Lythraceae Lythraceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Nyctaginaceae Loasaceae Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Loasaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyJuncaginaceae Species name

76 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument by Weber et al. (2005) was by Weber collected outside the monument. probably collected outside the monument. Montrose Co., CO (Walker 200 Montrose Co., CO (Walker RM) Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n. G) PerF Intro Native to E North America PerF Intro Native to Europe PerF Wide owered gaura owered AnnF Wide southern yellow wood- sorrel longleaf plantainwoolly-base plantain PerF AnnF Sparse Wide naked broomrapecreeping yellow wood- PerFsorrel Wide striped coral-root PerF Wide 26 (COLO) cited as present Young western evening- primrose autumn willow-herb AnnFsmall-ﬂ Paria evening-primrose Wide PerF RegEn 3883 (COLO) was Weber Paiute suncup AnnF camissoniaWalker’s AnnF Wide Periph locality is Paradox Valley, Type tiny camissonia AnnF Wide Eastwood’s camissoniaEastwood’s AnnF RegEn locality is Grand Junction, Type Common name Life Form Range Comments lesser camissonia AnnF Periph

. var. var. var. &

. ora var. striata var O. by some Oenothera Includes ssp , ora exuosa Included in corniculata authors occidentalis Includes vars. vreelandii O. elata paniculatum scapoidea scapoidea. brachycarpa ﬂ Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

ssp.

ssp. orumunifl Orobanche rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Plantago elongata Plantago eriopoda Oxalis corniculata Oxalis dillenii Aphyllon unifl Corallorhiza striata hirsutissima Gaura mollisOenothera cespitosa navajoensis Oenothera elata G. parvifl Camissonia walkeri Epilobium brachycarpum E. paniculatum Camissonia scapoidea C. scapoidea Camissonia eastwoodiaeeastwoodiae Oenothera Camissonia minorCamissonia parvula Oenothera minor Oenothera contorta Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Oxalidaceae Oxalidaceae Orobanchaceae Orchidaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyOnagraceae Species name Onagraceae Onagraceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 77 present by Weber et al. (2005) is present by Weber from outside the monument noxious weed (List C) nger grass nger AnnG Wide meadow fescue PerG Intro Native to Eurasia Bloomer’s ricegrassBloomer’s PerG Wide Cudlip 169 (COLO) cited as tall fescue PerG Intro Native to Europe rabbit barleyjointed goatgrass AnnGBermuda grass AnnG Introhairy crabgrassstinkgrass Intro PerGMexican lovegrass Native to Mediterranean AnnGlittle lovegrass Native to Eurasia. CO state AnnGannual wheatgrass Intro Intro AnnG Intro AnnG AnnG Native to Africa Native to Eurasia Intro Intro Intro Native to W North America Native to Eurasia Native to Asia Native to Eurasia Great Basin wildryeperennial ryegrass PerG melicPorter’s PerG Wide Intro PerG Native to Eurasia & Africa Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments wild oatsJones’ reedgrasstumble windmillgrassfeather ﬁ PerG PerG AnnG Intro Wide Intro Native to W North America Native to Eurasia crested wheatgrass PerG Intro Native to Eurasia

, H. S. ,

Lolium

, x included

x ; fatua and other var. H. murinum , Hybrid Stipa Stipa , var. var. A. cristatum species except leporinum Lolium pratense bloomeri bloomeri. between hymenoides Stipa comata. S. arundinaceus arundinaceum leporinum ssp. pectiniforme within Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic (without variety) in Flora of North America (2007) bloomeri Stiporyzopsis x rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Leymus cinereus Elymus cinereus Festuca pratensis Schedonorus pratensis Agropyron pectiniforme A. cristatum Cylindropyrum cylindricum Aegilops cylindrica Cynodon dactylon Digitaria sanguinalis Eragrostis cilianensis Eragrostis mexicanaEragrostis minor Eremopyrum triticeum E. orcuttiana Festuca arundinacea Agropyron triticeum Schedonorus phoenix Lolium perenne Melica porteri Achnatherum Calamagrostis scopulorum Chloris verticillata Chloris virgata Critesion glaucum Hordeum murinum Avena fatuaAvena A. fatua Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyPoaceae (Gramineae) Species name Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae)

78 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument

G. ophthalmoides Weber et al. (2005) is probably Weber a specimen of 11246). (Weber present by Weber et al. (2005) present by Weber was collected outside the monument. PerF Wide slender phlox AnnF Wide ball-head giliaspreading giliadwarf gilia PerF AnnF Sparse Wide AnnF Wide common gilia AnnF Periph coyote gilia AnnF Periph 12246 (COLO) cited in Weber Clokey’s giliaClokey’s common gilia AnnF Wide AnnF Periph blue leafy Jacob’s- ladder foxtail muhlygreen muhlyreed canary grasslittle bluestem PerG PerG PerG Wide PerG Wide Wide Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments tall wheatgrasssmall collomia PerGspreading eriastrum Intro AnnF AnnF Wide Native to Eurasia Wide 16108 (COLO) cited a Weber yellow navarretia AnnF Wide

, ,

; E.

var. , var. var. var. var. ponticus ssp. var. by some G. G. by some Aliciella , var. Phlox gracilis humilis congesta leptomeria G. leptomeria micromeria Ipomopsis triodon included in leptomeria authors Included in inconspicua authors leptomeria Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic foliosissimum S. scoparium neomexicanum elongatus Agropyron elongatum

ssp. rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Ipomopsis polycladonIpomopsis pumilaMicrosteris gracilis Gilia polycladon Gilia pumila humilis Gilia triodon Aliciella triodon Ipomopsis congesta Gilia congesta Gilia leptomeriaGilia micromeria G. leptomeria Aliciella micromeria Muhlenbergia racemosa Phalaroides arundinaceaSchizachyrium scoparium Phalaris arundinacea Andropogon scoparius Thinopyrum ponticum Elymus elongatus Muhlenbergia andina Collomia linearis Eriastrum diffusum Gilia clokeyii Navarretia breweri Polemonium foliosissimum foliosissimum P. Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Appendix B. Potential (unconﬁ FamilyPoaceae (Gramineae) Species name Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 79 present by Weber et al. (2005) present by Weber was collected outside the monument Springs, Grand Co., UT (Jones s.n. POM) Mesa Co., CO (Eastwood s.n., NY). CO BLM Sensitive PerF Wide 6087 (COLO) cited as Weber PerF Wide Shrub RegEn PerFShrub Wide RegEnAnnF locality is Grand Junction, Type Wide golden dock AnnF Wide bent wild buckwheatlanceleaf springbeauty AnnF PerF RegEn Wide Douglas’ knotweed AnnF Wide silver-sheath knotweed silver-sheath AnnF Intro Native to Asia pinkweedyard knotweed AnnF AnnF Intro Intro Native to E North America Native to Eurasia willow-weedlady’s-thumb AnnF AnnF Intro Intro Native to Eurasia Native to Eurasia Shockley’s wild Shockley’s buckwheat redroot wild buckwheat San Juan wild buckwheat sheep sorrelpretty wild buckwheat PerF PerF RegEn locality is Thompson’s Type Intro Native to Eurasia Common name Life Form Range Comments shortstem wild buckwheat wild Grand Valley buckwheat wild Gordon’s buckwheat

C. rosea

var. var. by some var. exum var. P. Some lanceolata. authors include R. fueginus douglasii Included in ramosissimum authors pensylvanicum lapathifolium Includes var. Includes var. longilobum racemosum CO material is var. CO material is var. ramosissimum Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

var. var. exumfl Eriogonum rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Stenogonum fl Claytonia lanceolata C. lanceolata fueginus Rumex maritimus Polygonum douglasii douglasii P. Polygonum arenastrumPolygonum argyrocoleon aviculare P. Persicaria maculosaPersicaria pensylvanica Polygonum persicaria Polygonum Persicaria lapathifolia Polygonum Eriogonum shockleyi longilobum Eriogonum racemosum E. racemosum Eriogonum bicolor Acetosella vulgaris Rumex acetosella Eriogonum brevicaule Eriogonum contortum Eriogonum gordonii Eriogonum leptocladon Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyPolygonaceae Species name Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae

80 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument noxious weed (List B) PerF Wide PerF Wide ax PerF Intro Native to Europe. CO state recracker PerF Periph violet owl-cloverdwarf lousewort AnnF PerF RegEn Wide Dalmatian toadﬂ Eaton’s ﬁ Eaton’s Rocky Mountain penstemon Nevada bitterroot PerF Wide shrubby cinquefoil Shrub Wide squaw-appledwarf ninebarknorthern bedstrawcleavers Shrub Shrub PerFblue-eyed Mary Wide Wide bird’s-beakWright’s Wide AnnF AnnF AnnF Wide Wide Wide Common name Life Form Range Comments beardlip penstemon PerF Wide dark-throat shooting- star sea-milkworttiny mouse-tailsagebrush buttercup PerF PerF AnnF Wide Wide Wide

UT ,

var. var. barbatus eatonii

. Includes D. huberi D. 2003) , var. , &

Dasiphora ssp. , , coriaceum orum : torreyi oribunda oribunda Utah Flora Includes vars. purpureoalbus L. dalmatica Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic & Includes vars. undosus paucifl “subvars.” from Flora atwoodii ( pulchellum Pentaphylloides fruticosa fruticosa echinospermon fl fl

ssp. oribundafruticosa Potentilla ora rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Pedicularis centranthera Penstemon barbatus Orthocarpus purpureoalbus Orthocarpus dalmatica Penstemon strictus Dodecatheon pulchellum D. pulchellum Peraphyllum ramosissimum Physocarpus alternans Galium septentrionaleGalium spurium G. boreale Collinsia parvifl Cordylanthus wrightii Linaria genistifolia G. aparine Oreobroma nevadensis Lewisia nevadensis Penstemon eatonii Glaux maritima Myosurus minimus Ranunculus glaberrimus Pentaphylloides fl Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Primulaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyPortulacaceae Species name Scrophulariaceae Primulaceae (Myrsinaceae) Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Rosaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 81 Pinus rmed for the monument. ponderosa Fern Wide Shrub Intro Native to Europe PerF Wide parasitic on Typically AnnF Intro Native to South America ah, but have not previously been reported or conﬁ been reported ah, but have not previously onal Monument’s NPSpecies database and Weber et al. (1982, 2005). Some NPSpecies database and Weber onal Monument’s owered Rocky Mountain woodsia horned pondweed PerF Wide small-ﬂ tamarisk valley violetsouthwestern dwarf- mistletoe PerF Wide ground-cherry nightshade cut-leaf nightshade AnnF Wide purslane speedwell AnnF trumpetangel’s matrimony-vine Wide European bittersweet PerF PerF Shrub Sparse Intro Intro Native to Eurasia Native to Eurasia Common name Life Form Range Comments

vallicola vallicola ssp. S. , var. var. S. var. var. , scopulina S. villosum vallicola V. sarrachoides physalifolium Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

var.

ssp. oratetrandra T. orum rmed) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. Zannichellia palustris Viola vallicola nuttallii V. Woodsia scopulinaWoodsia scopulina W. Arceuthobium vaginatum nitidibaccatum Solanum trifl parvifl Tamarix xalapensis Datura wrightii barbarumLycium Solanum dulcamara Solanum physalifolium D. meteloides L. halmifolium Veronica peregrina Veronica Zannichelliaceae Violaceae Woodsiaceae Woodsiaceae (Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae) Viscaceae Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Appendix B. Potential (unconfi FamilyScrophulariaceae Species name The vascular plant species shown in this table are known from the vicinity of Colorado National Monument in San Juan County, Ut the vicinity of Colorado National Monument in San Juan County, known from The vascular plant species shown in this table are a checklist of potential species developed by Tim for Colorado Nati derived from Hogan and Nan Lederer Species on this list are not included here. as potentially occurring in the monument, but are Appendix C could be considered species from

82 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument . Y. ed E. C. Y. B. pulchra. T. incana. T. C. tracyi. Report from Y. harrimaniae Y. C. purpureus. C. bulbosus. . ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of Not known from ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ssp. ed specimens of misidentifi S. tenuifolia. misidentifi a misidentifi concinnus. a misidentifi calcareum. Colorado. misidentifi incompta. from COLM based on a misidentifi specimen of NCPN COLM veg mapping report may be based on a misidentifi harrimaniae. NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is well outside the species’ expected range. Report probably based on harrimaniae NCPN veg mapping team, but this species is not known from Colorado and Wittmann 2001). Report (Weber probably based on Weber et al. (2005) are based on Weber misidentifi Comments Park status Range PerF Wide FalsRep et al. (2005) are Reports from Weber PerF Wide FalsRep Not known from Colorado. Reports Life Form PerF LocEn FalsRep Reports from COLM, COLO, & eabane PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on hairy townsendia PerF Periph FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a brown-plume wirelettuce wavy-leaved thistle PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a shaggy fl Rothrock’s thistleRothrock’s PerF RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Louisiana wormwood PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a basin white-cup spring-parsley New Mexico yucca Shrub RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on soapweed yucca Shrub Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by narrowleaved yucca Shrub RegEn Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by Common name Glenwood Springs rockcress

A. , var. var. var. var.

var. var.

var. var. strigosa undulatum pumilus rothrockii neomexicana angustissima Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic demissa ora mexicana Townsendia strigosaTownsendia strigosa T. Stephanomeria pauciﬂ Cirsium undulatum C. undulatum Erigeron pumilus E. pumilus Cirsium rothrockii C. arizonicum Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. Cymopterus purpurascens Yucca neomexicanaYucca harrimaniae Y. Yucca glauca Yucca Yucca angustissimaYucca angustissima Y. Boechera oxylobula Arabis oxylobula Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Agavaceae Agavaceae FamilyAgavaceae Species name Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument. Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported

Chapter 6: Appendices 83 A. S. A. A. O. O. USFWS: . L. strictum. P. simpsonii. P. ed specimens of thompsoniae. ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of var. var. ed specimen of ed specimen of a misidentifi mollissimus a misidentifi praelongus. a misidentifi Schoenoplectus pungens. based on misidentifi C. rossii. NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is outside the species’ expected range. Report probably based on gardneri. Not known from Colorado misidentifi NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is outside the species’ expected range. Reports may be based on rotundifolius. a misidentifi polyacantha. Endangered. misidentifi a misidentifi polyacantha. Comments Park status Range PerG Wide FalsRep et al. (2005) are Reports from Weber PerF LocEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Life Form AnnF Sparse FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a Pursh’s milkvetchPursh’s PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Patterson’s milkvetchPatterson’s PerF RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on American bulrush PerG Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on White Mountain sedge New Mexico saltbush Shrub Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by Knowlton’s pincushion Knowlton’s cactus western snowberry Shrub Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by twist-spine prickly- pear poor-man’s poor-man’s pepperwort Utah prickly-pear PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Common name

var.

Flora , var. var. Schoenoplectus americanus macrorhiza Variety not Variety recognized in of North America (2003) Considered a few-spined variant of O. polyacantha. medium Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic

var. Astragalus purshii Astragalus pattersonii Scirpus americanus Scirpus olneyi Carex geophila Atriplex obovata Pediocactus knowltonii Symphoricarpos occidentalis Opuntia macrorhiza O. macrorhiza Lepidium virginicum L. virginicum Opuntia erinacea utahensis Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Chenopodiaceae Cactaceae Caprifoliaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae FamilyBrassicaceae (Cruciferae) Species name Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont.

84 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument S. ed T. A. elliptica. E. ciliatum. Platanthera Platanthera J. torreyi. ed specimens of L. argenteus. ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of misidentifi misidentifi tescamnis. NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is outside the species’ expected range. Report probably based on a misidentifi paniculatum. NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is well outside the species’ expected range. Reports may be based on parvifolia. misidentifi based on misidentifi maritimum. T. a misidentifi Pediomelum megalanthum. misidentifi tescamnis. al. (2005) based on a misidentifi specimen of Comments Park status Range PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a Life Form ower bog-orchid PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a Rocky Mountain willow-herb alcove bog-orchid PerF RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a fragrant sand-verbena PerF Periph Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by meadow death-camas PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Fendler’s globemallowFendler’s PerF Periph Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by knotted rush PerG Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a low arrowgrass PerG Wide FalsRep et al. (2005) are Reports from Weber skunk breadroot PerF RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on few-fl Utah lupine PerF Wide FalsRep et Reports from COLM and Weber Common name

ora

Flora Flora

var. , var. in var. var. var. Habenaria L. caudatus , , Vars. not Vars. ora included in

; ora laxifl caudatus var. var. zothecina zothecina fragrans debilis Zigadenus venenosus maritimum of North America (2000) mephiticum ensifolia. recognized in of North America (2002). ssp. utahensis Platanthera sparsifl Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic Limnorchis ensifolia Habenaria sparsifl Epilobium saximontanum Limnocharis zothecina Platanthera Abronia fragrans A. fragrans Toxicoscordion Toxicoscordion venenosum Triglochin concinnaTriglochin concinna T. Sphaeralcea fendleri Juncus nodosus Psoralea mephitica Pediomelum Lupinus caudatus L. argenteus Orchidaceae Onagraceae Orchidaceae Nyctaginaceae Melianthaceae (Liliaceae) Juncaginaceae Malvaceae Juncaceae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) FamilyFabaceae (Leguminosae) Species name Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont.

Chapter 6: Appendices 85

A. E. G. P. S. lutea Elytrigia Platanthera Orobanche Not known from E. lonchophyllum. or ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimens of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of S. bebbiana. NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is well outside the species’ expected range. Report may be based on umbellatum NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is outside the species’ expected range. Report probably based on NCPN veg mapping team, but COLM is well outside the expected range of this species. misidentifi misidentifi repens. a misidentifi ophthalmoides. a misidentifi stansburiana. and Colorado. misidentifi tescamnis. misidentifi ludoviciana. utahensis. Comments Park status Range PerF Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by Life Form PerF Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a owered yellow wild- buckwheat Saskatoon serviceberrySaskatoon Shrub Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by cushion phlox PerF Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by red willow Shrub Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on false quackgrass PerG Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a common gilia AnnF Periph FalsRep Reports from COLM based on antelope bitterbrush Shrub Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on northern bog-orchid PerF Widemany-fl FalsRepbroomrape Reports from COLM based on a Common name

by E. avum E.

var. var. var. ﬂ

, Aliciella included , var. var.

; P. P. ssp. , var. var. , x ora avum O. ludoviciana alnifolia caespitosa leptomeria pulvinata multifl Elymus pseudorepens. Hybrid between trachycaulus lanceolatus leptomeria Platanthera aquilonis hyperborea Habenaria hyperborea in some authors Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic oraludoviciana O. avumfl E. Eriogonum fl Amelanchier alnifolia A. alnifolia Gilia leptomeria G. leptomeria Phlox pulvinata sibirica P. Salix laevigata Orobanche multifl Agropyron pseudorepens Purshia tridentata Limnorchis hyperborea Polygonaceae Rosaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Salicacaeae Orobanchaceae Poaceae (Gramineae) Rosaceae FamilyOrchidaceae Species name Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont.

86 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument P. P. S. Woodsia Woodsia Celtis Typha Typha or nable or Ques?). S. lutea cathcartiana. ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ed specimen of ssp. misidentifi oregana misidentifi reticulata. misidentifi latifolia. a misidentifi atropurpurea. a misidentifi caespitosus. ligulifolia. NCPN veg mapping team, but suitable habitat not present in COLM. Reports may be based on Comments Park status literature (Weber et al. 1982, 2005) or from herbarium specimens, but et al. 1982, 2005) or from (Weber literature Range PerF RegEn FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Life Form Mexican woodsia fern Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a common hackberry Tree Intro FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a southern cattail PerG Wide FalsRep Reports from COLM based on a western cliffbrake fern Sparse FalsRep Reports from COLM based on Crandall’s Crandall’s beardtongue mountain willow Shrub Wide Ques? Reported (without a voucher) by Common name var. var. simplex Synonyms/ notes Taxonomic cations (False Reports or FalsRep) because the monument is well outside known expected range of species (Questio Woodsia mexicana Woodsia Celtis occidentalis Typha domingensis Typha Pellaea glabella glabella P. Penstemon crandallii Salix monticola Woodsiaceae Woodsiaceae (Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae) Ulmaceae (Celtidaceae) Typhaceae Sinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae) Scrophulariaceae FamilySalicacaeae Species name Appendix C. Rejected (falsely reported or questionable) taxa of Colorado National Monument, cont. The vascular plant species shown in this table have been reported for Colorado National Monument from published and unpublished for Colorado National Monument from The vascular plant species shown in this table have been reported because of misidentifi now believed to be erroneous are

Chapter 6: Appendices 87 . Cliffs & ledges Cliffs X X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub XX XX XX Jun Pin- XXX XX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun r Native Pres NA X X box-elderwater birchUtah juniper Intro Native Pres Native Pres Pres Apr–Jun Apr–May NA X Russian-oliveGambel oakblue sprucetwo-needle pinyon Introponderosa pine Native NativeDouglas-ﬁ Pres Native Pres Presapricot Native May–Jul Repwhite poplar NA Apr–Jun Presnarrow-leaved NAcottonwood X NA Rio Grande cottonwood Native Intro X Intro Pres X Rep Pres Mar–Jun X X Mar–Jun Mar–Apr X Disturbed areas X X X Cultivated? quaking aspenlance-leaf cottonwoodpeach-leaf willow Nativecrack willow Native Pres black willowGoodding’s Native Native Presnetleaf hackberry Apr–Jun Pres Pres Mar–JunSiberian elm Intro Native Apr–Jun Apr–MayRocky Mountain maple Rep Pres yucca NativeHarriman’s Apr–May Apr–Maysquawbush Intro Pres Native Pres Apr–Jun X Pres Mar–Apr Native X Apr–May X X Pres X X X X May–Jul X X X X X Rimrock box-elder Native Pres Apr–Jun western poison ivy Native Pres May–Jun X X

ssp. ssp.

ssp. var. ssp. acuminata x violaceum Betula fontinalis Sabina osteosperma Elaeagnus angustifolia Quercus gambelii Picea pungens Pinus edulis Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Pseudotsuga menziesii Armeniaca vulgaris Populus alba Populus angustifolia wislizenii Populus tremuloides Populus Salix amygdaloides Salix fragilis Salix gooddingii Celtis reticulata Ulmus pumila Acer glabrum harrimaniae Yucca Rhus aromatica trilobata interius Negundo aceroides Populus deltoides Toxicodendron rydbergii Toxicodendron Negundo aceroides vascular plant taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes rmed, historical, and reported Betulaceae Cupressaceae Elaeagnaceae Fagaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Ulmaceae (Celtidaceae) Ulmaceae Shrubs Aceraceae Agavaceae Anacardiaceae Aceraceae Salicaceae Anacardiaceae FamilyTrees Aceraceae Species name Common name Nativity Appendix D. Conﬁ

88 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Adobe hills & colluvium Shallow soils over bedrock Rocky areas Rimrock Rocky areas Sandstone Clay knolls & Rimrock X Wet Comments Oak Shrub XX X Jun Pin- XX XXX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XXXX X XX XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status broom snakeweed Native Pres Jul–Oct slenderleaf rabbitbrush Native Pres Jul–Sep bud sagebrush Native Rep Apr–Jun black sagebrush Native Pres Aug–Oct Bigelow’s sagebrushBigelow’s Native Pres Aug–Oct fringed sagebrushCalifornia brickellbush Native Native Pres Pres Jul–Sep Aug–Sep smoothseed rabbitbrush Native Pres Aug–Oct longleaf brickellbush Native Pres Aug–Sep rabbitbrushParry’s Native Pres Jul–Sep rough brickellbush Native Pres Aug–Oct glabrate rabbitbrush Native Pres Aug–Oct rabbitbrushVasey’s Native Rep Jul–Sep Mohave brickellbush Native Pres rabbitbrushspear-leaf Jun–Aug Native Rep Jul–Sep dwarf rabbitbrush Native Pres Jul–Sep

var.

ssp. ssp. ssp. orus parryi Gutierrezia sarothrae Picrothamnus desertorum stenophyllus Seriphidium novum Artemisia bigelovii Artemisia frigida Brickellia californica leiospermus Brickellia longifolia Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus parryi ssp. Chrysothamnus viscidiﬂ Brickellia microphylla scabra Chrysothamnus vaseyi graveolens Brickellia oblongifolia Chrysothamnus linifolius Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus depressus rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyShrubs Asteraceae (Compositae) Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 89 Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Alkaline Rimrock Adobe hills & colluvium Wet Comments X Oak Shrub Jun Pin- XX XX XX XX X XX XX X X XX XXXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status ower snowberry ower Native Rep May–Jul mountain snowberry Nativemountain-lover siltbushBrandegee’s Pres Native Jun–Aug Native Pres Pres Jun–Aug May–Aug X X fourwing saltbushshadscale Nativemat saltbush Pres saltbushGardner’s May–Sepspiny hopsage Nativewinterfat Native Native Pres Xgreasewood Pres Rep May–Sep Nativespiny greasebush X Apr–Sep May–Aug Prescommon juniper Native Native X Native Apr–Julsilver buffaloberry Pres Pres Pres Native X May–Jul May–Aug Mar–Jun Native Rep Sandy soils Pres X X NA Apr–May X X spineless horsebrushshortspine horsebrush Native Native Pres Pres Jun–Sep Apr–Jun Wyoming big sagebrush Native Rep Jul–Sep mahoniaFremont’s Oregon-grapelongfl Native Pres Native Apr–Jul Pres X Apr–Jun X X X X basin big sagebrush Native Pres Jul–Sep mormonteaTorrey’s green ephedra Native Pres Native NA Pres NA X X X X ssp. orus tridentatum wyomingense Symphoricarpos rotundifolius Paxistima myrsinites Atriplex brandegei Atriplex canescens Atriplex confertifolia Atriplex corrugata Atriplex gardneri Atriplex grayi Krascheninnikovia lanata Sarcobatus vermiculatus Forsellesia meionandra Juniperus communis alpina Shepherdia argentea Tetradymia canescens Tetradymia spinosa Tetradymia Seriphidium tridentatum var. Mahonia fremontii Mahonia repens Symphoricarpos longifl Seriphidium tridentatum ssp. Ephedra torreyana Ephedra viridis rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Caprifoliaceae Celastraceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae (Sarcobataceae) Crossosomataceae (Celastraceae) Cupressaceae Elaeagnaceae Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Berberidaceae Berberidaceae Caprifoliaceae FamilyShrubs Asteraceae (Compositae) Species name Common name Nativity Ephedraceae Ephedraceae Appendix D. Confi

90 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Sandy soils Rimrock Rimrock Rimrock Shallow sandy to Clay soil Rimrock Rocky sites Wet Comments Oak Shrub X XXX XX XXX X XX X XX Jun Pin- XX XX XX XXX XXX XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Jun–Oct Native Pres May–Jun Native Pres May–Jun Fendlerbush Native Pres Apr–Jun shinnery oak Nativetrumpet gooseberry Pres Native Apr–Jun Pres Apr–Jun few-lobe oakwhitestem gooseberry Native Rep Native Pres Apr–Jul littleleaf mock-orange Apr–Jun Nativedesert olive Pressingleleaf ashprickly-phlox May–Sep rimrock wild buckwheat Native X Native Native Pres Pres X Native Presslender wild buckwheat Aug–Oct Pres Native Apr–May Apr–Mayslender wild buckwheat Pres May–Jul NativeUtah serviceberry Jun–Oct Presdwarf mountain Xmahogany Jun–Oct X Native X Pres X X Apr–Jun X X X Rimrock X X X longleaf wild buckwheat blackbrushbush oceanspray Native Native Pres Pres Apr–Jun Jun–Aug X X X Rimrock greenleaf manzanita Native Pres Mar–Jul curl-leaf mountain mahogany alder-leaf mountain alder-leaf mahogany

var. orum platyphylla orbiculatum laxiﬂ simpsonii Fendlera falcata tuckeri Ribes leptanthum Quercus undulata Ribes inerme Philadelphus microphyllus Forestiera pubescens Fraxinus anomala Leptodactylon pungens Eriogonum corymbosum var. Eriogonum microthecum var. Eriogonum microthecum var. Amelanchier utahensis Cercocarpus intricatus Eriogonum lonchophyllum Coleogyne ramosissima Holodiscus discolor Arctostaphylos patula ssp. Quercus havardii Cercocarpus ledifolius Cercocarpus montanus rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Hydrangeaceae (Saxifragaceae) Grossulariaceae (Saxifragaceae) Fagaceae Grossulariaceae (Saxifragaceae) Hydrangeaceae (Saxifragaceae) Oleaceae Oleaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Polygonaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyShrubs Ericaceae Species name Common name Nativity Fagaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 91 ats Clay knolls & Rimrock & Rimrock Cliffs Cliffs & Rimrock Cliffs (Entrada & Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills Clay ﬂ Adobe hills & colluvium Wingate) Rimrock & Adobe hills X Wet Comments XX Oak Shrub X X XX Jun Pin- XX XX X XXX XX XX XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun ve-stamen tamarisk ve-stamen Intro Pres Apr–Sep X basin sandwort Native Pres May–Aug Eastwood’s desert- Eastwood’s parsley Canyonlands lomatium Native Pres Apr–Jun western chokecherry Native Pres May–Jul cliff-rose roseWoods’ willowBebb’s coyote willowstrapleaf willowwhiplash willow Native Native Nativeyellow willow Pres Pres Nativeﬁ Native Pres Native Pres May–Jul May–Jun Pres May–Jun oniontaper-tip Pres Native Apr–Aug Apr–Jun Pres Apr–Jun Native Apr–Jun X X Pres X X May–Jul X X Rimrock X X X X Nevada onion Native Pres Apr–Jul textile onionpink funnel-lily Native Native Pres Pres May–Jun Apr–May Fendler’s sandwortFendler’s Native Rep May–Sep Hooker’s sandwortHooker’s Native Rep Apr–Aug poison-hemlockonion spring-parsley Intro Native Rep Pres Apr–May May–Sep

ssp. ssp. caudata ssp. orum uintahensis Aletes eastwoodiae Aletes latilobus Padus virginiana melanocarpa Purshia stansburiana Rosa woodsii Salix bebbiana Salix exigua Salix ligulifolia Salix lucida Salix lutea ramosissima Tamarix Allium acuminatum Allium nevadense Allium textile Androstephium breviﬂ Eremogone fendleri Eremogone kingii Eremogone hookeri Conium maculatum Cymopterus bulbosus rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) FamilyShrubs Rosaceae Species name Common name Nativity Perennial Forbs Perennial Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Rosaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Tamaricaceae Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae) Alliaceae (Liliaceae, Themidaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Alsinaceae (Caryophyllaceae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

92 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Sandstone ledges Disturbed areas Disturbed areas X X X Wet Comments XX Oak Shrub X X XXX X Jun Pin- XX XX XX XX XX X XX XX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun Siskiyou aster Native Pres Jul–Sep Louisiana wormwood Native Pres Jul–Oct Fendler’s cymopterusFendler’s Native Pres Apr–May Colorado Plateau spring- parsley common dogbanespider milkweed Nativepallid milkweed Pres Native Pres Jun–Aug Native May–Jul Pres Apr–Jun X milfoil lomatium Native Rep Apr–May showy milkweedwhorled milkweedasparagus Native Native Pres Pres May–Aug May–Sep Intro X Pres Jun–Jul X X X Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Russian knapweedwhite thoroughwort Intro Native Pres Pres Jun–Sep Aug–Oct western ragweedsandstone pussytoes Native Native Pres Pres Aug–Oct May–Jul common pussytoesburdock Native Pres May–Jul Intro Pres Jul–Sep biennial wormwoodLouisiana wormwood Intro Native Pres Pres Aug–Oct Jul–Oct

ssp. ssp. cinalis incompta albula coronopifolia hesperius Aster lanceolatus Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. Cymopterus fendleri Cymopterus purpureus Apocynum cannabinum Asclepias asperula asperula Asclepias cryptoceras Lomatium grayi Asclepias speciosa Asclepias subverticillata Asparagus ofﬁ Acroptilon repens Ageratina herbacea Ambrosia psilostachya var. Antennaria marginata Antennaria parvifolia Arctium minus Artemisia biennis Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Apocynaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Asparagaceae (Liliaceae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 93 Sandstone ledges Disturbed areas Rimrock Disturbed areas Rimrock & Adobe hills Adobe hills Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Sandy soils X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X XX XX XX XX X X Jun Pin- X X XX XX XXX XXXX X X XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Jul–Oct ower aspen daisyUtah daisy Native Pres Native Jun–Aug Pres Apr–Jun Canada thistle Intro Rep Jul–Sep hybrid aster Native Pres Jul–Sep tassel-ﬂ brickellbush hoary dusty-maiden Native Pres May–Sep chicoryNew Mexico thistle Intro Native Pres Pres May–Jun Jul–Oct Caineville thistle Native thistleTracy’s Pres Jun–Sep Native Pres Jun–Sep bull thistle Intro Pres Jul–Aug hairy daisy Native Prestrailing daisy May–Jul basin daisy Native Pres Native May–Aug Pres May–Jun vernal daisy daisyEngelmann’s Native Pres Native Pres May–Aug May–Jul spreading daisy Native Pres May–Sep

var. var. ora agellaris Erigeron speciosus Erigeron utahensis Breea arvense Aster orthophyllus Brickellia grandifl Chaenactis douglasii Cichorium intybus Cirsium neomexicanum Cirsium calcareum Cirsium tracyi Cirsium vulgare Erigeron concinnus Erigeron fl Erigeron pulcherrimus aphanactis Erigeron concinnus Erigeron engelmannii condensatus Erigeron divergens rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Asteraceae (Compositae) FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Confi

94 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Rimrock Sandy soils Adobe hills & colluvium X X Wet Comments XX Oak Shrub X XX Jun Pin- XXX XXXX XX XX XXXX XX X XX X XX XXXX XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status ower Native Pres Apr–Aug ne-leaf woolly-white ne-leaf Native Pres May–Oct rock-goldenrod Native Pres Jul–Sep tarragon Native Pres Jul–Oct basin groundsel Native Pres Apr–Aug showy rush-pink Nativegumweed aster Pres May–Jun Native Pres May–Jul blue lettucerose-heath Nativehoary aster Rep Native Jun–Sep Pres May–Sep Native Pres May–Sep blueleaf aster Native Pres Jul–Sep western goldenrodHopi blanketﬂ Native Pres Jul–Oct curly-cup gumweedhairy golden-aster Native Prescommon hyalineherb Native Jul–Sep Nativeﬁ Pres Prespoverty-weed May–Sep May–Oct Native Pres May–Sep erect gumweed Native Pres Aug–Sep

var.

ora da lifolius lifolius var. glaucus cinereus megacephalus Petradoria pumila Oligosporus dracunculus ssp. Packera multilobata Lygodesmia grandifl Lygodesmia Machaeranthera grindelioides pulchella Leucelene ericoides Machaeranthera canescens Lactuca tatarica Eucephalus glaucus Euthamia occidentalis Gaillardia pinnatifi Grindelia squarrosa serrulata Heterotheca villosa Hymenopappus fi var. Hymenopappus fi var. Iva axillaris Grindelia fastigiata rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 95 Disturbed areas Sandstone ledges Adobe hills & colluvium Rimrock Adobe hills & colluvium Disturbed areas Wet Comments Oak Shrub XXX X XX Jun Pin- XXXX XX XX XXX XX XX XX X XXXX XXX XXXX XX XXXX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Rep May–Oct ower Native Pres Jun c aster c Native Pres Jul–Oct yellow salsify Intro Pres May–Jul Paciﬁ thrift goldenweed Nativeslender wirelettuce Pres May–Jun Native Pres Jun–Sep San Juan bahiawestern hawksbeard Native Native Pres Pres May–Jun May–Jul stemless goldenweed Native Repbrown-plume wirelettuce May–Jul Colorado rubber-plant Native Rep May–Aug paperﬂ Baker’s three-nerve goldenrod Native Pres Aug–Oct western groundselmany-headed groundsel Native Native Rep Pres Jun–Aug Jun–Oct common dandelion IntroCanyonlands hymenoxys Pres Nativehoary townsendia Pres Apr–Dec Apr–Jun Native Pres Apr–Jul stemless hymenoxys Native Rep Apr–Jun

var.

cinale var. ora Virgulaster ascendens Stenotus armerioides Stephanomeria tenuifolia offi Taraxacum Platyschkuhria integrifolia oblongifolia Psilochenia occidentalis Stenotus acaulis Stephanomeria paucifl Psilostrophe bakeri Solidago velutina Picradenia richardsonii Senecio integerrimus Senecio multicapitatus Tetraneuris ivesiana Tetraneuris incana Townsendia dubius Tragopogon major Tetraneuris acaulis Tetraneuris rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Asteraceae (Compositae) FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Confi

96 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Rimrock & Adobe hills Adobe hills & colluvium Rimrock Rocky slopes & Adobe hills Clay knolls & Rimrock Disturbed areas Wet Comments Oak Shrub X X X Jun Pin- XXX XXX XXX XX XX XX XX XX X XXX XX XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jul Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Jul–Oct Native Rep Apr–Aug ower Native Pres Apr–Jul ower Native Pres Apr–Aug ower cryptanth ower Native Pres May–Jun X Rimrock ax-leaved prince’s-plume Native Pres Apr–Sep fl plainsmustard heart-leaf jewelfl showy stoneseedplateau yellow cryptanth Native Pres Apr–Jul X X yellow-eye cryptanthdwarf cryptanth Native Pres Native Apr–Jun Pres X Apr–Jun X X long-fl tawny cryptantha Native Pres Apr–Jun orbicular whitetop Intro Pres May–Aug Osterhout’s cryptanthOsterhout’s desert rockcress Native rockcress PresSelby’s Native May–Jun Pres Nativewestern wallfl Pres Mar–Jun tall Eastwood’s May–Aug pepperwort X Rimrock silver bladderpodColorado Plateau bladderpod Nativesharp-leaf twinpod Pres Native May–Jun Pres May–Jul mountain pepperwort Native Pres Apr–Sep

var.

var. ssp. ssp. var. ora ava avoculata Stanleya pinnata pinnata Schoenocrambe linifolia Streptanthus cordatus Oreocarya fl Lithospermum incisum Oreocarya fl Oreocarya humilis nana Oreocarya longifl Oreocarya nitida Cardaria chalepensis Oreocarya osterhoutii Boechera pulchra pallens Boechera selbyi Erysimum capitatum Lepidium alyssoides eastwoodiae Lesquerella ludoviciana Lesquerella rectipes Physaria acutifolia Lepidium montanum montanum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Appendix D. Confi FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Boraginaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 97 Rimrock Clay knolls & ledges Wet Comments Oak Shrub XX Jun Pin- XX XXX XXX XXXX XXX XX XX XX XXXX XXX XX XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Apr–May Native Pres May–Jul shhook ower fi ower eld bindweed Intro Pres Jun–Aug X X Disturbed areas shorthorn spurge milkvetchSheldon’s Native Native Pres Pres May–Jun Mar–Jun X X X sego-lilygreenmolly seepweedTorrey’s starry false Solomon’s- seal Native Native Nativefi Pres Preslance-leaved stonecrop Pres Jun–Sep Native Jun–Jul spurgeFendler’s Aug–Oct Pres Jun–Aug Native Pres X May–Sep X X X Alkaline Gunnison’s mariposaGunnison’s Native Rep Jun–Aug cactus claretcup Native Pres Apr–Jun slate thelypody Nativecommon prickly-pearbrittle prickly-pear Rep Nativeberry pricklypear May–Sep Rep Native Pres May–Jun Native Jun–Jul X Pressmall-fl Apr–Jul X entire-leaf thelypody Native Pres Jun–Sep plains prickly-pear hedgehog Simpson’s cactus Native Pres May–Jun X X X elegant thelypody Native Pres Apr–Jul

var.

orum var. vespertinus minor Astragalus amphioxys var. Calochortus nuttallii Kochia americana Suaeda moquinii Maianthemum stellatum Convolvulus arvensis Amerosedum lanceolatum Chamaesyce fendleri brachyceras Tithymalus Calochortus gunnisonii Echinocereus triglochidiatus Thelypodium laxiﬂ Opuntia erinacea Opuntia fragilis brachyartha Opuntia phaeacantha Sclerocactus whipplei intermedius Thelypodium integrifolium Opuntia polyacantha Pediocactus simpsonii var. Thelypodiopsis elegans rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Crassulaceae Calochortaceae (Liliaceae) Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Convallariaceae (Liliaceae, Ruscaceae) Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Calochortaceae (Liliaceae) FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Cactaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Cactaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Cactaceae Cactaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

98 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Rimrock Rimrock Adobe hills & colluvium Rimrock Rimrock X Wet Comments X Oak Shrub XX X X X Jun Pin- XX XXX XX XX XXX XXXX XX XXX XXX XXXX XXXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jul ower sweetpea ower Native Pres May–Aug alfalfa Intro Pres May–Sep silvery lupine Native Pres May–Aug cicada milkvetch Native Pres Apr–Jun lesser rushy milkvetch Native Pres May–Aug rimrock milkvetch Native Pres May–Jul Eastwood’s milkvetchEastwood’s Native Pres Apr–Jun yellow milkvetchstraggling milkvetch Nativegreat bladdery Native Presmilkvetch Pres Apr–Jul Apr–Jun whiteﬂ northern sweetvetch Native Pres May–Aug licorice-root Native Pres May–Jul white prairie-clover Native Rep May–Sep Fort Wingate milkvetch Native Pres Apr–Jul pulse milkvetch Native Pres May–Aug woolly milkvetchEllis’ milkvetch Native Pres Native Feb–Jun Pres Apr–Jul

var. avus palans thompsoniae ellisiae Medicago sativa Lupinus argenteus Astragalus chamaeleuce Astragalus convallarius Astragalus desperatus Astragalus eastwoodiae Astragalus ﬂ Astragalus lentiginosus var. Astragalus megacarpus Lathyrus leucanthus Hedysarum boreale Glycyrrhiza lepidota Dalea candida oligophylla Astragalus wingatanus Astragalus tenellus Astragalus mollissimus var. Astragalus praelongus var. rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 99 Adobe hills & colluvium Cliffs Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium X Wet Comments Oak Shrub XX X Jun Pin- XX XXX XXX XX XXXX X XXX XX XX XX XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun owered ower dragonhead ower Native Rep Jun–Aug ax Native Pres Apr–Aug X X X eld mint eld Native Rep Jun–Sep Colorado four o’clockshowy four-o’clock Nativespreading four-o’clock Presnarrow-leaf four-o’clock Native Native Native sundropslavender-leaf Apr–Jul Pres Pres Pres Native May–Sep Apr–Jul Pres May–Aug May–Aug X X X X X X X X X X X Rimrock fi blue fl scarlet globe-mallow Nativesmall-leaf globemallow Nativefoothills death-camas Pres Pres Nativemeadow death camas Apr–Oct Pres Mar–Oct Nativefragrant sand-verbena Pres Mar–Jun Native X Pres Apr–Jul X Apr–Sep X trailing four-o’clock Native Pres Apr–Sep X X smallfl Nuttall’s larkspurNuttall’s Native Pres Apr–Jul yellow sweet-clover Intro Pres May–Oct alcove columbinepale larkspur Native Pres Native May–Jun Rep Apr–Jun aromatic breadrootlarge-fl Nativebreadroot PresAmerican vetch May–Jun Native Rep May–Aug

ssp. ora cinale orum scaposum Mirabilis glandulosa Mirabilis multifl Mirabilis oxybaphoides Oxybaphus linearis Calylophus lavandulifolius Mentha arvensis Adenolinum lewisii Sphaeralcea coccinea dissecta Sphaeralcea parvifolia Toxicoscordion paniculatum Toxicoscordion venenosum Abronia elliptica Allionia incarnata Dracocephalum parvifl Delphinium nuttallianum Melilotus offi Aquilegia micrantha Delphinium andersonii var. Pediomelum aromaticum Pediomelum megalanthum Vicia americana rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Onagraceae Malvaceae Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Linaceae Malvaceae Melanthiaceae (Liliaceae) Melanthiaceae (Liliaceae) Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae Nyctaginaceae FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Helleboraceae (Ranunculaceae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Helleboraceae (Ranunculaceae) Helleboraceae (Ranunculaceae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Appendix D. Confi

100 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Adobe hills & colluvium X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X Jun Pin- XX XXXX XXX XX XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Rep Jun–Aug Native Pres Apr–Jun sulfur wild buckwheatwinged wild buckwheat Native Nativecurly dock Rep Pres Jun–Sep Jun–Oct X Intro X Pres X X May–Sep X X Sandy soils X Disturbed areas cushion wild buckwheat Native Pres Apr–Aug biennial evening- primrose spotted coral-rootnorthern bog orchiddesert river bog-orchid Native Nativeclustered broomrape Native Pres broomrapeCooper’s Rep Pres NativeEnglish plantain Jun–Jul Native Jun–Augcommon plantain Pres Jun–Juleyelash gilia Pres Jun–JulUinta gilia Intro Intro May–Julscarlet gilia Pres X PresSan Rafael gilia X Native May–Aug prickly-phloxWatson’s May–Aug X Pres Nativedesert phlox Native X X X Native phloxHood’s X Native Rep Apr–Jul Preslong-leaf phlox Pres Pres X cushion milkwort May–Jun X May–Aug May–Aug X X desert trumpet Native May–Jun Native X X Native Rep Native X Pres X Pres Pres Apr–Jun X X Native Apr–Jun X Apr–Jul X Pres May–Jun Disturbed areas X X Disturbed areas Mar–Oct X X X X X X Cliffs Adobe hills X Rimrock X X X Clay knolls pale evening-primrose Native Pres May–Jul northern willow-herb plains evening-primrose Native Native Preslong-tube evening- Presprimrose Jun–Aug Apr–Jun X

ssp. ssp. var. ssp. var. atum ovalifolium Eriogonum umbellatum Pterogonum alatum Rumex crispus Oenothera villosa Corallorhiza maculata Limnorchis hyperborea Platanthera tescamnis Aphyllon fasciculatum Orobanche ludoviciana Plantago lanceolata Plantago major Gilia ophthalmoides Gilia stenothyrsa Ipomopsis aggregata aggregata Ipomopsis roseata Leptodactylon watsonii Phlox austromontana Phlox hoodii Phlox longifolia Polygala subspinosa Eriogonum inﬂ strigosa Oenothera pallida trichocalyx Eriogonum ovalifolium var. Oenothera cespitosa macroglottis Oenothera cespitosa marginata Epilobium ciliatum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Onagraceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orchidaceae Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae Polygonaceae Onagraceae Polygonaceae Onagraceae Onagraceae Onagraceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 101 ats Disturbed areas X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X X X Jun Pin- XX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Sep ower Native Pres Jun–Aug X ax Native Pres Apr–Aug X X X owered fame- owered ower willow docksmall-fl fl Native Pres May–Sep X X canaigre dock Native Pres Apr–Jun X Adobe fl Colorado bedstrawbastard toadfl Native Pres May–Aug X X X white virgin’s-bowermarsh buttercup Native Pres Nativelittleleaf alumroot Jul–Aug Presdesert paintbrushWyoming paintbrush May–Sep Native paintbrushEastwood’s Native Native Presbutter-and-eggs Native Pres Presglabrous monkeyfl May–Sep Presmat penstemon Jul–Aug Apr–Jundusty penstemon Intro May–Julbluestem penstemon Pres X X penstemonMoffatt Native X Native Nativewoolly mullein X X Pres Jun–Aug Preschain speedwell Native Pres X X XVirginia ground-cherry May–Jul Pres X X May–Jun Jun–Augtobacco-root Native Intro X X prostrate vervain X Native May–Jun X Pres X X Xpinyon dwarf-mistletoe Pres Pres Native X May–Aug X Nativejuniper mistletoe X Jun–Aug Native X Jun–Aug Pres Rimrock X Pres Rep X X Aug–Sep X X Nativetumble pigweed May–Sep Jun–Augbur ragweed Pres X Disturbed areas X X Intro Jul–Sep Rimrock Rimrock X X Pres Native Adobe hills X Pres Jun–Oct Disturbed areas X Jul–Oct X X X Disturbed areas Disturbed areas orum saximontana Rumex triangulivalvis parvifl Talinum Rumex hymenosepalus Galium coloradoense Comandra umbellata Clematis ligusticifolia Halerpestes cymbalaria ssp. Heuchera parvifolia Castilleja chromosa Castilleja linariifolia Castilleja scabrida Linaria vulgaris Mimulus glabratus Penstemon caespitosus Penstemon comarrhenus Penstemon cyanocaulis Penstemon moffatii thapsus Verbascum catenata Veronica Physalis virginiana edulis Valeriana bracteata Verbena Arceuthobium divaricatum Phoradendron juniperinum Amaranthus albus Ambrosia acanthicarpa rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , FamilyPerennial Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Polygonaceae Rubiaceae Santalaceae Saxifragaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Solanaceae Valerianaceae Verbenaceae Viscaceae Viscaceae Annual Forbs Amaranthaceae Asteraceae (Compositae) Appendix D. Confi

102 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium Disturbed areas Disturbed areas X X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X X X X Jun Pin- X XXX XX XX XXX XX X XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Apr–Jul Native Pres May–Sep ax Intro Rep Apr–Jul ower Native Pres Jun–Sep shepherd’s-purse Intro Pres Apr–Sep blue mustardwestern tansy-mustard Native Intro Pres Pres Mar–Aug Apr–Jun stevia dusty-maiden Native Pres Apr–Jul Canadian horseweed Nativecommon sunﬂ Pres Jul–Sep prickly lettuce Intro Pres Jul–Sep sowthistle desert- dandelion Torrey’s desert- Torrey’s dandelion little-pod false ﬂ spiny-leaf sow-thistle Intro Pres Jul–Oct European madwort Intro Rep Apr–Jul sand dune cryptanthslender cryptanth Nativewing-nut cryptanthcupseed stickseed Rep Nativewestern stickseed Native May–Jul Pres Pres Native Native Apr–Jul Pres X Apr–Jul Pres Apr–Jun X X X Apr–Jun X X X X X X X X X X Disturbed areas Disturbed areas white-plume wirelettuce rough cockleburthick-sepaled cryptanth Native Native Pres Pres Apr–Jun Apr–Oct

ssp. orum elachantha Chorispora tenella Descurainia pinnata halictorum Chaenactis stevioides Conyza canadensis Helianthus annuus Lactuca serriola Malacothrix sonchoides Malacothrix torreyi Camelina microcarpa Sonchus asper Capsella bursa-pastoris Cryptantha fendleri Cryptantha gracilis Cryptantha pterocarya Lappula marginata Lappula redowskii Alyssum parviﬂ Stephanomeria exigua Xanthium strumarium Cryptantha crassisepala var. rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyAnnual Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Asteraceae (Compositae) Boraginaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 103 Saline soils, disturbed areas Adobe hills Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Sandy or clayey soils Adobe hills & colluvium Disturbed areas Adobe hills & colluvium Adobe hills & colluvium X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X X X X Jun Pin- XX XX XX X XX XX XX XX XXXX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Mar–Jun Native Pres May–Oct y Native Pres May–Aug X ddle- ve-horn smotherweed ve-horn Intro Pres Aug–Oct ixweed Intro Pres Mar–Aug fi summer-cypresslambsquarter Intro Intro Pres Rep Aug–Oct Jun–Sep X X X X Disturbed areas Disturbed areas hairy-pod pepperwort Native Pres Mar–Jun prairie pepperwort Native Presclasping pepperwort May–Jul IntroAfrican mustard Prestumble mustard Intro May–Jul long-beak fi mustard Intro Pres Apr–Jul Pres May–Aug dwarf draba Native Rep Apr–Jul fl wedgeleaf draba Native Pres Feb–Jul yellow beeplant Native Pressleepy catchfl Apr–Sep tumbling orachstalked orach Intro Native Pres Pres Jul–Sep Aug–Sep X X Disturbed areas Rocky Mountain beeplant clammy-weed Native Presslender orach May–Oct Native Pres Jun–Sep orum i Bassia hyssopifolia Bassia sieversiana Chenopodium album Lepidium lasiocarpum Lepidium densifl Lepidium perfoliatum Malcolmia africana Sisymbrium altissimum Streptanthella longirostris Draba reptans Descurainia sophia Draba cuneifolia Cleome lutea Silene antirrhina Atriplex rosea Atriplex saccaria Cleome serrulata Polanisia dodecandra Atriplex wolfi rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , FamilyAnnual Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Caryophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Capparaceae (Cleomaceae) Chenopodiaceae Appendix D. Confi

104 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Rimrock depressions Wet Comments Oak Shrub X XX Jun Pin- XX XX X XX XX XX XX XX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Jun–Oct Native Pres Apr–Oct Native Pres Apr–Jun Native Pres Mar–Jun ddleleaf Native Pres Aug–Sep ax Native Pres May–Jun X owered Hooker’s wild Hooker’s buckwheat smallhead goosefoot goosefootFremont’s Nativeoakleaf goosefoot Native Presnarrow-leaf goosefoot Pres Native Native Jun–Sephalogeton Pres PresRussian-thistle Aug–Octbroom seepweed Jul–Sep Aug–Seplarge-seed dodder X Intro Native Intro X Native Rep Pres Pres Pres X X Jul–Sep Jun–Sep Jul–Augblack medick Jul–Oct white sweet-clover X Intro Intro X X X Pres Pres X May–Oct May–Oct X X X Disturbed areas Disturbed areas ridge-seeded spurgesmall-fl Nativemilkvetch Pres Jun–Aug Great Basin centaurystork’s-bill Nativewishbone fi Pres Jun–Sep Intro Rep Feb–Oct X X X Disturbed areas crenulate phaceliaIves’ phaceliadowny fl Nativewhite-stem blazingstar Preswhite-stem evening- Nativeprimrose Native Pres May–Jun Pres Apr–Aug X Apr–Jun X X X X X X woolly plantain shy gilianodding wild buckwheat Native Pres Mar–Aug Native Pres X Apr–Jul X X X X micranthiformis Eriogonum hookeri Chenopodium foliosum Chenopodium fremontii Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodium leptophyllum Halogeton glomeratus Salsola australis Suaeda calceoliformis Grammica indecora Medicago lupulina Melilotus albus Chamaesyce glyptosperma Astragalus nuttallianus var. Centaurium exaltatum Erodium cicutarium Nama dichotomum Phacelia crenulata Phacelia ivesiana Mesynium puberulum Acrolasia albicaulis Oenothera albicaulis Plantago patagonica Gilia sinuata Eriogonum cernuum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Polygonaceae Appendix D. Confi FamilyAnnual Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Chenopodiaceae Cuscutaceae (Convolvulaceae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Gentianaceae Geraniaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllaceae Linaceae Loasaceae Onagraceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae

Chapter 6: Appendices 105 ats Adobe hills & colluvium X X X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X Jun Pin- XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres May–Aug ower Native Pres Apr–Jun X Xfl Clay ower rock- ower Torrey’s rushTorrey’s Native Pres Jun–Aug X Palmer’s wild buckwheatPalmer’s Nativebushy knotweed Pressmooth wild buckwheat Native Mar–Oct Nativedwarf purslane Pres Repcommon purslanewestern rock-jasmine Apr–Sep Jul–Oct pygmy-fl Native Intro Native Xjasmine Presbur buttercup Pres Presblister buttercup May–Sep Apr–Junannual paintbrush Jun–Sepreddish monkeyfl Intro Native X Native X Pres Pres Sandy soils Pres X X May–Sep Apr–Jun Jun–Aug X X X X X Disturbed areas X X Disturbed areas buffaloburpuncture vinealkali bulrush Native Introsmall-wing sedgeNebraska sedge Pres PresRoss’ sedge Native Native Jun–Sepcommon spikerush Pres May–Sephardstem bulrush Pres Native X Jun–Sep Native X Pressoft-stem bulrush Jun–Aug Native Native Pres May–Julthree-square bulrush Pres Pres May–Aug NativeBaltic rush Native May–Auglongstyle rush Jun–Aug Presmountain rush Pres Jun–Aug May–Aug Native Native X Native Disturbed areas Pres Pres Disturbed areas Pres X X Jun–Aug May–Jul Jun–Aug X X X X X X ater ssp. paludosus acutus validus Eriogonum palmerianum Polygonum ramosissimum Stenogonum salsuginosum Portulaca halimoides Portulaca oleracea Androsace occidentalis Androsace septentrionalis Ceratocephala orthoceras Hecatonia scelerata Castilleja minor Mimulus rubellus Solanum rostratum terrestris Tribulus Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. Carex microptera Carex nebrascensis Carex rossii Eleocharis macrostachya Schoenoplectus lacustris ssp. Schoenoplectus lacustris ssp. Schoenoplectus pungens Juncus arcticus Juncus longistylis Juncus saximontanus Juncus torreyi rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , FamilyAnnual Forbs Species name Common name Nativity Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Polygonaceae Portulacaceae Portulacaceae Primulaceae Primulaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Solanaceae Zygophyllaceae Graminoids Perennial Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Juncaceae Appendix D. Confi

106 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Rimrock Alkaline X X X X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub X X Jun Pin- XX XXX XX XXXX XXXX X X XX XX XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status uffgrass Native Pres Apr–Aug desert saltgrass Native Pres Jun–Sep Tracy’s rushTracy’s Mormon needlegrass NativeIndian ricegrass Pres Nativedesert needlegrass May–Jul Pres Nativeclustered wheatgrass Native Pres Jun–Aug Introredtop Pres May–Jul Presredtop Apr–Jun Jun–Aug purple three-awnsideoats grama Intro Nativesmooth brome Intro Pres Pres Nativeblue grama X Mar–Sep Jun–Sep Pres Pres Intromeadow barley Jun–Sep Jul–Sep Presfoxtail barley Native Native Jun–Aug orchard grass Rep Repﬂ Native Jul–Sep Jun–Aug Pres Intro Jun–Aug Pres Jun–Aug Canada wildryesquirreltail Native Pres Jul–Aug Native Rep May–Aug cont. , Distichlis stricta Juncus tracyi Achnatherum aridum Achnatherum hymenoides Achnatherum speciosum Agropyron desertorum Agrostis gigantea Agrostis stolonifera Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Bromopsis inermis Chondrosum gracile Critesion brachyantherum Critesion jubatum Dactylis glomerata Dasyochloa pulchella Elymus canadensis Elymus elymoides rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyPerennial Graminoids Species name Common name Nativity Poaceae (Gramineae) Juncaceae Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 107 Disturbed areas Sandstone Rimrock X X X Wet Comments X Oak Shrub Jun Pin- XXX XXXX XX XX XXXX X XX XXXX XX X XXX XX XXXX XXXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Native Pres Jun–Jul bottlebrush squirreltail Nativeslender wheatgrass Presquackgrass Native Jun–Aug Pres Jun–Aug fowl mannagrass Introneedle-and-thread Native PresNew Mexico Native Presfeathergrass Jun–Aug Pres Jul–Aug Junegrass May–Jul Salina wildryescratchgrass Nativemat muhly Native Pres Pres muhlyThurber’s Native Jun–Aug Jun–Jul Pres Native Nativewestern wheatgrass Jul–Aug Rep Prescommon reed Native Jul–Sep Jul–Sep Preslittleseed ricegrass Jun–Aug Native Native Pres Pres Jul–Sep Jun–Aug hairy tridens Native Presgalleta May–Jul Native Pres May–Aug switchgrass Native Pres Jun–Sep cont. , Elymus longifolius Elymus trachycaulus Elytrigia repens Glyceria striata Hesperostipa comata Hesperostipa neomexicana Koeleria macrantha Leymus salina Muhlenbergia asperifolia Muhlenbergia richardsonis Muhlenbergia thurberi Pascopyrum smithii Phragmites australis Piptatherum micranthum Erioneuron pilosum Hilaria jamesii Panicum virgatum rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. FamilyPerennial Graminoids Species name Common name Nativity Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Appendix D. Conﬁ

108 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas X X Wet Comments Oak Shrub Jun Pin- X X XXXX X XXX XXXX XXXX XXX XX XX XXXX X XX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Intro Pres Jun–Aug intermediate wheatgrass southern cattailbroad-leaved cattail Nativeripgut brome Native Pres Rep Jun–Aug Jul–Aug Intro Pres Apr–Jun X X Agassiz’s bluegrassAgassiz’s bulbous bluegrass Native Pres Introalkali bluegrass May–Aug PresKentucky bluegrass Apr–Jul Native bluegrassSandberg’s Intro Pres Nativebluebunch wheatgrass Pres May–Sep Native Pres alkaligrassNuttall’s May–Aug Rep Apr–Sep prairie cordgrass Native Jun–Aug Presalkali sacaton Native May–Aug spike dropseed Pressand dropseed Native Jun–Sep Native Presmesa dropseed Pres Jun–Aug Native Jun–Sep Pres Native Pres Jun–Aug Jun–Sep muttongrass Native Pres May–Aug

ssp. exuosus cont. , intermedium Typha domingensis Typha latifolia Typha Anisantha diandra Poa agassizensis Poa bulbosa Poa juncifolia Poa pratensis Poa secunda Pseudoroegneria spicata Puccinellia airoides Spartina pectinata Sporobolus airoides Sporobolus contractus Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus ﬂ Thinopyrum intermedium Poa fendleriana rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyPerennial Graminoids Species name Common name Nativity Typhaceae Typhaceae Annual Graminoids Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 109 Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Adobe hills Disturbed areas Disturbed areas Rock crevices X X Wet Comments XX Oak Shrub Jun Pin- X XX XXXX XX X XXXX X X XX XX XXXX X X XX X Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status eld horsetail eld Native Pres NA X eld sandbur eld Native Pres Jul–Sep ﬁ cheatgrassﬁ Introlittle barley Presbearded sprangletop May–Jul Nativebarnyard-grass Native Pres Pres Jul–Sep Intro May–Aug Pres Aug–Sep annual muhlywitchgrassrabbitfoot-grass Native Presgreen bristlegrass Native Intro Jul–Sep Pres Intro Pres Jun–Sep Pres Jun–Aug Jun–Sep brittle bladder fern Native Pres NA Japanese brome Intro Rep Jun–Aug Mediterranean lovegrass Introfalse buffalograss Pressixweeks muhly Jul–Nov Native Pres Native Jun–Sep Pres Jul–Sep wheatsix-weeks fescue Native Intro Pres Rep Apr–Jun Apr–Jul

var. ora Anisantha tectorum Cenchrus longispinus Critesion pusillum Diplachne fascicularis Echinochloa crus-galli Muhlenbergia minutissima Panicum capillare Polypogon monspeliensis Setaria viridis Cystopteris fragilis occidentale Bromus japonicus Eragrostis barrelieri Monroa squarrosa Muhlenbergia depauperata aestivum Triticum octoﬂ Vulpia Equisetum arvense cont. , rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. FamilyAnnual Graminoids Species name Common name Nativity Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Ferns and Allies Aspleniaceae (Polypodiaceae or Athyriaceae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Poaceae (Gramineae) Equisetaceae Appendix D. Conﬁ

110 Annotated Checklist of Vascular Flora: Colorado National Monument Cliffs Rock crevices Granite rock crevices X Wet Comments X Oak Shrub X XX Jun Pin- XXX Sage- Shrub Flower time Park status Oregon woodsia Native Pres NA tall scouring-rushsmooth scouring-rush Nativedense spike-moss Nativeblunt-leaf spike-moss Pres Presslender lip-fern Native Native NA NA Pres Prespurple cliff-brake Native NA NA Pres Native NA Pres NA X X X Rock crevices Stony areas Fendler’s cloak-fernFendler’s Native Pres NA

ssp. nis afﬁ cathcartiana Hippochaete laevigata Selaginella densa Selaginella mutica Cheilanthes feei Pellaea atropurpurea Hippochaete hyemalis var. Argyrochosma fendleri Woodsia oregana Woodsia rmed, historical, and reported taxa of Colorado National Monument, organized by life form with ecological notes, cont. cont. , Equisetaceae Selaginellaceae Selaginellaceae Sinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae) Sinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae) Equisetaceae Appendix D. Conﬁ FamilyFerns and Allies Species name Common name Nativity Sinopteridaceae (Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae, Pteridaceae) Woodsiaceae Woodsiaceae (Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae)

Chapter 6: Appendices 111

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