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The Second Quantized Approach to the Study of Model Hamiltonians in Quantum Hall Regime
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2016 The Second Quantized Approach to the Study of Model Hamiltonians in Quantum Hall Regime Li Chen Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Recommended Citation Chen, Li, "The Second Quantized Approach to the Study of Model Hamiltonians in Quantum Hall Regime" (2016). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 985. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/985 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Physics Dissertation Examination Committee: Alexander Seidel, Chair Zohar Nussinov Michael Ogilvie Xiang Tang Li Yang The Second Quantized Approach to the Study of Model Hamiltonians in Quantum Hall Regime by Li Chen A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2016 Saint Louis, Missouri c 2016, Li Chen ii Contents List of Figures v Acknowledgements vii Abstract viii 1 Introduction to Quantum Hall Effect 1 1.1 The classical Hall effect . .1 1.2 The integer quantum Hall effect . .3 1.3 The fractional quantum Hall effect . .7 1.4 Theoretical explanations of the fractional quantum Hall effect . .9 1.5 Laughlin's gedanken experiment . -
Facile Synthesis of Potassium Poly(Heptazine Imide) (PHIK)
Subscriber access provided by CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Article Facile synthesis of potassium poly(heptazine imide) (PHIK) / Ti-based Metal- Organic Framework (MIL-125-NH2) composites for photocatalytic applications Nicolás Artemio Rodríguez, Aleksandr Savateev, Maria Alejandra Grela, and Dariya Dontsova ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 13 Jun 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on June 14, 2017 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts. -
Hannu Häkkinen Departments of Physics and Chemistry Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä FULL PUBLICATION LIST
Hannu Häkkinen Departments of Physics and Chemistry Nanoscience Center University of Jyväskylä FULL PUBLICATION LIST FI-40014 Jyväskylä, FINLAND [email protected] http://users.jyu.fi/~hahakkin/ May 2020 Highly Cited Researcher by Clarivate Analytics 2018, H-index = 67 (WoS May 2020) The 10 most significant publications, relevant for PI’s current research: 1. O. Lopez-Acevedo, K.A. Kacprzak, J. Akola, H. Häkkinen, “Quantum size effects in ambient CO oxidation catalysed by ligand-protected gold clusters”, Nature Chem. 2, 329 (2010). 2. H. Häkkinen, “The gold-sulfur interface at the nanoscale”, Nature Chem. 4, 443 (2012). An invited review, WoS “highly cited” paper. It was listed in top-10 most cited papers in Nature Chemistry in 2016 by Google Scholar. 3. H.Yang, Y. Wang, H. Huang, L. Gell, L. Lehtovaara, S. Malola, H. Häkkinen, N. Zheng, "All- thiol-stabilized Ag44 and Au12Ag32 nanoparticles with single-crystal structures", Nature Comm. 4, 2422 (2013). WoS “highly cited” paper. 4. V. Marjomäki, T. Lahtinen, M. Martikainen, J. Koivisto, S. Malola, K. Salorinne, M. Pettersson, H. Häkkinen, "Site- specific targeting of enterovirus capsid by functionalized monodisperse gold nanoclusters", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 111, 1277 (2014). 5. M. Azubel, J. Koivisto, S. Malola, D. Bushnell, G.L. Hura, A.L. Koh, H. Tsunoyama, T. Tsukuda, M. Pettersson, H. Häkkinen, R.D. Kornberg, "Electron microscopy of gold nanoparticles at atomic resolution", Science 345, 909 (2014). WoS “highly cited” paper. 6. K. Salorinne, S. Malola, O.A. Wong, C.D. Rithner, X. Chen, C.J. Ackerson, H. Häkkinen, "Conformation and dynamics of the ligand shell of a water-soluble Au102 nanoparticle", Nature Comm. -
Canonical Quantization of Two-Dimensional Gravity S
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 90, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1–16. Translated from Zhurnal Éksperimental’noœ i Teoreticheskoœ Fiziki, Vol. 117, No. 1, 2000, pp. 5–21. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2000 by Vergeles. GRAVITATION, ASTROPHYSICS Canonical Quantization of Two-Dimensional Gravity S. N. Vergeles Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Received March 23, 1999 Abstract—A canonical quantization of two-dimensional gravity minimally coupled to real scalar and spinor Majorana fields is presented. The physical state space of the theory is completely described and calculations are also made of the average values of the metric tensor relative to states close to the ground state. © 2000 MAIK “Nauka/Interperiodica”. 1. INTRODUCTION quantization) for observables in the highest orders, will The quantum theory of gravity in four-dimensional serve as a criterion for the correctness of the selected space–time encounters fundamental difficulties which quantization route. have not yet been surmounted. These difficulties can be The progress achieved in the construction of a two- arbitrarily divided into conceptual and computational. dimensional quantum theory of gravity is associated The main conceptual problem is that the Hamiltonian is with two ideas. These ideas will be formulated below a linear combination of first-class constraints. This fact after the necessary notation has been introduced. makes the role of time in gravity unclear. The main computational problem is the nonrenormalizability of We shall postulate that space–time is topologically gravity theory. These difficulties are closely inter- equivalent to a two-dimensional cylinder. -
Real-Time Pymol Visualization for Rosetta and Pyrosetta
Real-Time PyMOL Visualization for Rosetta and PyRosetta Evan H. Baugh1, Sergey Lyskov1, Brian D. Weitzner1, Jeffrey J. Gray1,2* 1 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America Abstract Computational structure prediction and design of proteins and protein-protein complexes have long been inaccessible to those not directly involved in the field. A key missing component has been the ability to visualize the progress of calculations to better understand them. Rosetta is one simulation suite that would benefit from a robust real-time visualization solution. Several tools exist for the sole purpose of visualizing biomolecules; one of the most popular tools, PyMOL (Schro¨dinger), is a powerful, highly extensible, user friendly, and attractive package. Integrating Rosetta and PyMOL directly has many technical and logistical obstacles inhibiting usage. To circumvent these issues, we developed a novel solution based on transmitting biomolecular structure and energy information via UDP sockets. Rosetta and PyMOL run as separate processes, thereby avoiding many technical obstacles while visualizing information on-demand in real-time. When Rosetta detects changes in the structure of a protein, new coordinates are sent over a UDP network socket to a PyMOL instance running a UDP socket listener. PyMOL then interprets and displays the molecule. This implementation also allows remote execution of Rosetta. When combined with PyRosetta, this visualization solution provides an interactive environment for protein structure prediction and design. Citation: Baugh EH, Lyskov S, Weitzner BD, Gray JJ (2011) Real-Time PyMOL Visualization for Rosetta and PyRosetta. -
Solar Energy Harvesting with Carbon Nitrides: Do We Understand The
Solar energy harvesting with carbon nitrides: Do we understand the mechanism? Wolfgang Domcke1, Johannes Ehrmaier1 and Andrzej L. Sobolewski2 1 Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany 2 Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland Email: [email protected] (Wolfgang Domcke) Abstract The photocatalytic splitting of water into molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen with sunlight is the dream reaction for solar energy conversion. Since decades, transition-metal- oxide semiconductors and supramolecular organometallic structures have been extensively explored as photocatalysts for solar water splitting. More recently, polymeric carbon nitride materials consisting of triazine or heptazine building blocks have attracted considerable attention as hydrogen-evolution photocatalysts. The mechanism of hydrogen evolution with polymeric carbon nitrides is discussed throughout the current literature in terms of the familiar concepts developed for photoelectrochemical water splitting with semiconductors since the 1970s. We discuss in this perspective an alternative mechanistic paradigm for photoinduced water splitting with carbon nitrides, which focusses on the specific features of the photochemistry of aromatic N-heterocycles in aqueous environments. It is shown that a water molecule which is hydrogen-bonded to an N-heterocycle can be decomposed into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals by two simple sequential photochemical reactions. This concept is illustrated by first-principles calculations of excited-state reaction paths and their energy profiles for hydrogen-bonded complexes of pyridine, triazine and heptazine with a water molecule. It is shown that the excited-state hydrogen-transfer and hydrogen-detachment reactions are essentially barrierless, in sharp contrast to water oxidation in the electronic ground state, where high barriers prevail. -
Introduction to Quantum Field Theory
Utrecht Lecture Notes Masters Program Theoretical Physics September 2006 INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM FIELD THEORY by B. de Wit Institute for Theoretical Physics Utrecht University Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Path integrals and quantum mechanics 5 3 The classical limit 10 4 Continuous systems 18 5 Field theory 23 6 Correlation functions 36 6.1 Harmonic oscillator correlation functions; operators . 37 6.2 Harmonic oscillator correlation functions; path integrals . 39 6.2.1 Evaluating G0 ............................... 41 6.2.2 The integral over qn ............................ 42 6.2.3 The integrals over q1 and q2 ....................... 43 6.3 Conclusion . 44 7 Euclidean Theory 46 8 Tunneling and instantons 55 8.1 The double-well potential . 57 8.2 The periodic potential . 66 9 Perturbation theory 71 10 More on Feynman diagrams 80 11 Fermionic harmonic oscillator states 87 12 Anticommuting c-numbers 90 13 Phase space with commuting and anticommuting coordinates and quanti- zation 96 14 Path integrals for fermions 108 15 Feynman diagrams for fermions 114 2 16 Regularization and renormalization 117 17 Further reading 127 3 1 Introduction Physical systems that involve an infinite number of degrees of freedom are usually described by some sort of field theory. Almost all systems in nature involve an extremely large number of degrees of freedom. A droplet of water contains of the order of 1026 molecules and while each water molecule can in many applications be described as a point particle, each molecule has itself a complicated structure which reveals itself at molecular length scales. To deal with this large number of degrees of freedom, which for all practical purposes is infinite, we often regard a system as continuous, in spite of the fact that, at certain distance scales, it is discrete. -
An Explicit-Solvent Conformation Search Method Using Open Software
An explicit-solvent conformation search method using open software Kari Gaalswyk and Christopher N. Rowley Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada ABSTRACT Computer modeling is a popular tool to identify the most-probable conformers of a molecule. Although the solvent can have a large effect on the stability of a conformation, many popular conformational search methods are only capable of describing molecules in the gas phase or with an implicit solvent model. We have developed a work-flow for performing a conformation search on explicitly-solvated molecules using open source software. This method uses replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) to sample the conformational states of the molecule efficiently. Cluster analysis is used to identify the most probable conformations from the simulated trajectory. This work-flow was tested on drug molecules a-amanitin and cabergoline to illustrate its capabilities and effectiveness. The preferred conformations of these molecules in gas phase, implicit solvent, and explicit solvent are significantly different. Subjects Biophysics, Pharmacology, Computational Science Keywords Conformation search, Explicit solvent, Cluster analysis, Replica exchange molecular dynamics INTRODUCTION Many molecules can exist in multiple conformational isomers. Conformational isomers have the same chemical bonds, but differ in their 3D geometry because they hold different torsional angles (Crippen & Havel, 1988). The conformation of a molecule can affect Submitted 5 April 2016 chemical reactivity, molecular binding, and biological activity (Struthers, Rivier & Accepted 6May2016 Published 31 May 2016 Hagler, 1985; Copeland, 2011). Conformations differ in stability because they experience different steric, electrostatic, and solute-solvent interactions. The probability, p,ofa Corresponding author Christopher N. -
Python Tools in Computational Chemistry (And Biology)
Python Tools in Computational Chemistry (and Biology) Andrew Dalke Dalke Scientific, AB Göteborg, Sweden EuroSciPy, 26-27 July, 2008 “Why does ‘import numpy’ take 0.4 seconds? Does it need to import 228 libraries?” - My first Numpy-discussion post (paraphrased) Your use case isn't so typical and so suffers on the import time end of the balance. - Response from Robert Kern (Others did complain. Import time down to 0.28s.) 52,000 structures PDB doubles every 2½ years HEADER PHOTORECEPTOR 23-MAY-90 1BRD 1BRD 2 COMPND BACTERIORHODOPSIN 1BRD 3 SOURCE (HALOBACTERIUM $HALOBIUM) 1BRD 4 EXPDTA ELECTRON DIFFRACTION 1BRD 5 AUTHOR R.HENDERSON,J.M.BALDWIN,T.A.CESKA,F.ZEMLIN,E.BECKMANN, 1BRD 6 AUTHOR 2 K.H.DOWNING 1BRD 7 REVDAT 3 15-JAN-93 1BRDB 1 SEQRES 1BRDB 1 REVDAT 2 15-JUL-91 1BRDA 1 REMARK 1BRDA 1 .. ATOM 54 N PRO 8 20.397 -15.569 -13.739 1.00 20.00 1BRD 136 ATOM 55 CA PRO 8 21.592 -15.444 -12.900 1.00 20.00 1BRD 137 ATOM 56 C PRO 8 21.359 -15.206 -11.424 1.00 20.00 1BRD 138 ATOM 57 O PRO 8 21.904 -15.930 -10.563 1.00 20.00 1BRD 139 ATOM 58 CB PRO 8 22.367 -14.319 -13.591 1.00 20.00 1BRD 140 ATOM 59 CG PRO 8 22.089 -14.564 -15.053 1.00 20.00 1BRD 141 ATOM 60 CD PRO 8 20.647 -15.054 -15.103 1.00 20.00 1BRD 142 ATOM 61 N GLU 9 20.562 -14.211 -11.095 1.00 20.00 1BRD 143 ATOM 62 CA GLU 9 20.192 -13.808 -9.737 1.00 20.00 1BRD 144 ATOM 63 C GLU 9 19.567 -14.935 -8.932 1.00 20.00 1BRD 145 ATOM 64 O GLU 9 19.815 -15.104 -7.724 1.00 20.00 1BRD 146 ATOM 65 CB GLU 9 19.248 -12.591 -9.820 1.00 99.00 1 1BRD 147 ATOM 66 CG GLU 9 19.902 -11.351 -10.387 1.00 99.00 1 1BRD 148 ATOM 67 CD GLU 9 19.243 -10.169 -10.980 1.00 99.00 1 1BRD 149 ATOM 68 OE1 GLU 9 18.323 -10.191 -11.782 1.00 99.00 1 1BRD 150 ATOM 69 OE2 GLU 9 19.760 -9.089 -10.597 1.00 99.00 1 1BRD 151 ATOM 70 N TRP 10 18.764 -15.737 -9.597 1.00 20.00 1BRD 152 ATOM 71 CA TRP 10 18.034 -16.884 -9.090 1.00 20.00 1BRD 153 ATOM 72 C TRP 10 18.843 -17.908 -8.318 1.00 20.00 1BRD 154 ATOM 73 O TRP 10 18.376 -18.310 -7.230 1.00 20.00 1BRD 155 . -
Copyrighted Material
PART I METHODS COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL CHAPTER 1 Overview of Thermochemistry and Its Application to Reaction Kinetics ELKE GOOS Institute of Combustion Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Stuttgart, Germany ALEXANDER BURCAT Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 1.1 HISTORY OF THERMOCHEMISTRY Thermochemistry deals with energy and enthalpy changes accompanying chemical reactions and phase transformations and gives a first estimate of whether a given reaction can occur. To our knowledge, the field of thermochemistry started with the experiments done by Malhard and Le Chatelier [1] with gunpowder and explosives. The first of their two papers of 1883 starts with the sentence: “All combustion is accompanied by the release of heat that increases the temperature of the burned bodies.” In 1897, Berthelot [2], who also experimented with explosives, published his two-volume monograph Thermochimie in which he summed up 40 years of calori- metric studies. The first textbook, to our knowledge, that clearly explained the principles of thermochemical properties was authored by Lewis and Randall [3] in 1923. Thermochemical data, actually heats of formation, were gathered, evaluated, and published for the first time in the seven-volume book International Critical Tables of Numerical Data, Physics, Chemistry and Technology [4] during 1926–1930 (and the additional index in 1933). In 1932, the American Chemical Society (ACS) monograph No. 60 The Free Energy of Some Organic Compounds [5] appeared. Rate Constant Calculation for Thermal Reactions: Methods and Applications, Edited by Herbert DaCosta and Maohong Fan. Ó 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3 4 OVERVIEW OF THERMOCHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO REACTION KINETICS In 1936 was published The Thermochemistry of the Chemical Substances [6] where the authors Bichowsky and Rossini attempted to standardize the available data and published them at a common temperature of 18C (291K) and pressure of 1 atm. -
Appendix a a List of the Program and Data Files on the Disk*
Appendix A A List of the Program and Data Files on the Disk* 2dnrnr Simulates a IH COSY two-dimensional NMR plot (5.5). Abc Calculates principal moments of inertia for linear and non linear molecules (4.5). Acetate Calculates the pH in an acetate buffer (3.2). Anderko Solves the Anderko-Pitzer nonideal gas law (1.2). Aorbital Calculates and plots H atomic orbitals in two dimensions (4.3). Atpl Calculates and plots the apparent standard Gibbs energy I:irGo 1 for the ATP hydrolysis reaction at various pMg's and a specified pH and ionic strength (3.3). Atp2 Calculates and plots the apparent standard Gibbs energy I:irGo 1 for the ATP hydrolysis reaction at various pH's and a specified pMg and ionic strength (3.3). Beattie Solves the Beattie-Bridgeman nonideal gas law (1.2). Beyer Calculates and plots the density of states N(E) and the sum of states G(E) for a molecule's vibrational modes using the Beyer-Swinehart direct-count algorithm (11.4). Biochern Calculates and plots the apparent standard Gibbs energy I:irGo 1 for the F -+ M biochemical reaction at various pH's (3.3). Biokin Calculates and plots extracellular glucose and insulin con centrations as functions of time (10.4). Branch Calculates and plots H, 0, OH and 02 concentrations for the branching catalytic cycle that drives the 2H2 + 02 -+ 2H20 reaction (10.2). Brussels Calculates and plots concentrations of intermediates in the autocatalytic Brusselator model (11.5). Butler Calculates and plots the Butler-Volmer and Tafel equations relating electrode current and overpotential (11.6). -
Photo-Induced Phenomena from the Quantum Chemist Point of View Tangui Le Bahers
Photo-Induced Phenomena from the Quantum Chemist Point of View Tangui Le Bahers To cite this version: Tangui Le Bahers. Photo-Induced Phenomena from the Quantum Chemist Point of View. Theoretical and/or physical chemistry. Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2018. tel-02073756 HAL Id: tel-02073756 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02073756 Submitted on 22 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MEMOIRE En vue de l’obtention du diplôme national de l’ Habilitation à diriger des recherches, délivré par l’Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Discipline : Chimie Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS Lyon Présenté publiquement le 14 Juin 2018 Par Monsieur Tangui LE BAHERS Photo-Induced Phenomena from the Quantum Chemist Point of View Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Valérie Keller CNRS / Université de Strasbourg Pr. Mario Barbatti Université d’Aix-Marseille Dr. Pascal Raybaud IFP Energies Nouvelles Dr. Filippo De Angelis CNR Perugia / Italy Pr. Christophe Morell Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Dr. Chantal Andraud CNRS / ENS Lyon Remerciements Voilà maintenant 7 ans que j’ai soutenu ma thèse. Ce manuscrit vient retracer les travaux scientifiques que j’ai réalisés depuis.