Sampaio et al; Sch J Agric Vet Sci., Oct-Nov 2015; 2(5):345-346

Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences e-ISSN 2348–1854 Sch J Agric Vet Sci 2015; 2(5):345-346 p-ISSN 2348–8883 ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publishers (SAS Publishers) (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)

Laboratory, clinical and pathological aspects of intoxication by bufotoxin in a canine – case report Luzia Cristina Lencioni Sampaio1, Charles Silva de Lima1, Pâmela Ayres Martinuzzi1, Luana Harz Durante1, Fernanda Aquino Franco2, Margarida Raffi2, Bianca da Cruz Iéck3 1Department of Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil. 2Department of Patology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil. 3Course of Biological Sciences - Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil.

*Corresponding Authors Name: Luzia Cristina Lencioni Sampaio Email: [email protected]

Abstract: Toxicosis caused by Bufotoxins has worldwide occurrence, frequently in rural areas and they are an emergency in clinical routine of small animals. The poisoning has clinical manifestations predominantly cardio toxic, evolving rapidly and can lead to death in a few hours. This report aims to describe an intoxication case by toad in a canine in Pelotas municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. For being an urban environment and the occasional presence of toads, there are no reports of accidents per Bufotoxins in this region. Furthermore, after contacting the venom, the dog had a grave neurological condition after contacting the venom, and then a severe depression. Although using all the therapeutic resources, the patient died within 36 hours. The results of hematological tests, liver and kidney blood biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasound and anatomo pathological findings have confirmed the severity of intoxication. Keywords: Intoxication, toad, toad, toad , zootoxins, bufotoxicosis

INTRODUCTION and difficulty in remaining standing. At evaluation he Accidents per Bufotoxins are a toxicological has not shown abdominal pain or lesions in the oral emergency in a clinical routine of small animals. cavity. After the blood and urine collect for laboratory Several active principles of toxic nature compose the tests, it was made an intravenous administration of toxin, causing acute intoxication, severe clinical profile diazepam (0.5 mg / kg), subcutaneously and rapidly evolving, irreversible organic lesions and (1 mg / kg) and fluid therapy with Ringer Lactate high mortality. Poisonings occur accidentally, solution and furosemide (2mg/kg). About two hours preferably with young animals and in rural areas. The after the patient showed again agitation and sensitivity toxicosis occurs worldwide, with higher prevalence in to light and noise. After 12 hours of treatment the regions populated by genus Bufo toads. It is reported patient presented cyanotic lesions on the tongue, heart the existence in Brazil of 849 identified species and and respiratory rate decreased, cardiac arrhythmia and almost 500 species are endemic [1]. However, very few severe depression. The death occurred about 36 hours reports are found about the prevalence of these after contact of the patient with bufotoxin. It was found intoxications in Brazil, and no report was found about in the left posterior limb an irritative hyperemic and this toxicosis in the region where this study was alopecic cutaneous lesion. For the helping in the conducted. conduct of the patient, hemogram was requested, which was done in the Clinical Laboratory of UFPEL. CASE REPORT Concerning the results observed in hematological A male canine undefined breed, 7 months old, analysis, no changes were detected in the erythrocyte 22 kg, arrived for attendance at Hospital of Veterinary indexes. In total plasma protein and fibrinogen dosage Clinics, Pelotas, Brazil, about 12 hours after killing and the indexes were within the normality parameters. In snapped up one toad Bufo genus. The patient fed the leucogram, it was detected a mild leukocytosis, by preferentially with commercial feed, was vaccinated segmented neutrophils without the presence of a left with polyvalent vaccine and dewormed periodically to shift. The blood biochemistry has not shown changes in control endo and ectoparasites. On clinical examination levels of ALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, was observed body temperature = 37.5 ° C, good creatinine and urea. The physical, chemical and urinary general condition, normal hydration, congested mucous sediment tests showed no alterations. The membranes, lymph nodes unchanged, ptyalism, normal ultrasonography examination of the abdominal cavity heart and respiratory rate, restlessness, mydriasis, revealed liver hypoechogenicity. A histological analysis soreness, generalized tremors, motor in coordination found the presence of periportal and centrilobular

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Sampaio et al; Sch J Agric Vet Sci., Oct-Nov 2015; 2(5):345-346 hepatocellular necrosis and congestion of hepatic CONCLUSION sinusoid. Bufotoxins accidents are rare in urban centers, especially among domestic canines. The complexity of DISCUSSION components and degree of toxicity of these cause Toxicoses by Bufotoxins are frequent in young acute intoxication, grave clinical condition with rapidly canines and usually occur at night and in rural areas, evolving, and can lead to death. The absence of clinical when the toads come out of their hiding places [2]. case reports in the studied region underestimates the Intoxications are accidental and occur due to the release prevalence and importance of this toxicosis, which of active toxins stored in the parathyroid glands of toads requires rapid diagnosis and treatment, in order to Bufo genus to be compressed in the mouth of the minimize the damage from intoxication and prevent the predator [3, 4]. 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