DOCSLIB.ORG

Enquiry in Terms of Section 12(6) of the National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enquiry in Terms of Section 12(6) of the National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 UNABRIDGED VERSION 1 APRIL 2019 1 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF WITNESSES .............................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Establishment of the Enquiry ............................................................................ 12 1.2. The Terms of Reference .................................................................................... 14 1.3. Rules of the procedure ...................................................................................... 17 1.4. Invitation to submit evidence and the need for cross-examination ................... 20 1.5. The structure of the report ................................................................................. 20 2. THE PROSECUTING AUTHORITY: IT’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................ 22 3. THE STRUCTURE OF THE NPA .................................................................................. 30 3.1. Roles and functions ........................................................................................... 31 3.2. The National Director of Public Prosecutions ......................................................... 34 4. THE APPOINTMENT AND ELEVATION OF JIBA AND MRWEBI ............................... 41 4.1. Nomgcobo Jiba ................................................................................................. 41 4.2. Lawrence Sithembiso Mrwebi ........................................................................... 42 5. THE ALLEGATIONS AND THE EVIDENCE ................................................................. 43 5.1. The case law ..................................................................................................... 44 5.1.1. National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others v Freedom Under Law 2014 (1) SA 254 (GNP) (“FUL HC”) ................................... 44 2 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 5.1.2. National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others v Freedom Under Law 2014 (4) SA 298 (SCA) delivered on 17 April 2014 (“FUL SCA”) ...................... 54 5.1.3. Booysen v Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions and Others [2014] 2 ALL SA 319 (KZD) delivered on 26 February 2014 ........................................ 57 5.1.4. Zuma v Democratic Alliance [2014] 4 All SA 35 (SCA) delivered on 28 August 2014 (“Spy Tapes 2”) ........................................................................... 66 5.1.5. General Council of the Bar of South Africa v Jiba & Others 2017 (2) SA 122 (GP) .................................................................................................................. 73 5.1.6. Jiba and Another v General Council of the Bar of South Africa and Another; Mrwebi v General Council of the Bar of South Africa 2019 (1) SA 130 (SCA) (10 July 2018) ................................................................................................... 85 5.1.7. Freedom Under Law v National Director of Public Prosecutions & Others 2018 (1) SACR 436 (GP) .................................................................................. 92 5.2. Evidence surrounding the cases ....................................................................... 96 5.2.1. Booysen................................................................................................ 96 5.2.2. Mdluli .................................................................................................. 143 5.2.3. The Spy Tapes ................................................................................... 216 5.2.4. GCB .................................................................................................... 227 5.3. Other evidence and allegations ....................................................................... 258 5.3.1. Issues and allegations preceding appointment .................................. 258 5.3.2 Selebi Saga ........................................................................................ 270 5.3.3. OECD and MacAdam ......................................................................... 279 5.3.4. State Capture ..................................................................................... 286 5.3.5. Plane Ticket ........................................................................................ 288 5.3.6. NPA under Nxasana ........................................................................... 290 5.3.7. Third parties........................................................................................ 304 6. AN EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE ...................................................................... 306 6.1. Jiba .................................................................................................................. 307 6.1.1. FUL HC and FUL SCA ....................................................................... 307 6.1.2. Spy Tapes 2 ........................................................................................ 308 6.1.3. GCB HC and SCA .............................................................................. 309 6.1.4. General comments on the cases relating to Jiba ............................... 310 3 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 6.1.5. Evidence related to the cases .............................................................311 6.1.6. Other evidence ................................................................................... 315 6.2. Mrwebi ............................................................................................................. 318 6.2.1. FUL HC, FUL SCA, GCB HC and GCB SCA ...................................... 318 6.2.2. Evidence related to other matters....................................................... 323 6.2.3. Other evidence ................................................................................... 324 7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 325 7.1. Jiba: ................................................................................................................. 327 7.2. Mrwebi: ............................................................................................................ 331 7.3. Recommendations .......................................................................................... 335 8. CONCLUDING REMARKS ......................................................................................... 335 8.1. Implications for the NPA .................................................................................. 335 8.2. Avoiding a recurrence ..................................................................................... 337 8.3. Presidential timelines ...................................................................................... 339 8.4. Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... 343 ANNEXURE: CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS ........................................................................ 344 4 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 LIST OF WITNESSES Johan Wessel Booysen (“Booysen”) is a retired Police Officer who held a rank of Major General. He retired in 2016. He received training in racketeering investigations. His evidence was on affidavit and he testified at the Enquiry. Glynnis Breytenbach (“Breytenbach”) is a Member of Parliament and has been since 2014 when she left the NPA. She was one of the founding members of the SCCU, which she joined when it started in 1999. She became a DDP in the SCCU in 2001 and was appointed as Senior DDPP and Regional Head of SCCU in 2007. Breytenbach submitted an affidavit and gave evidence at the Enquiry. Theunis Jacobus de Klerk (“de Klerk”) is a Lieutenant Colonel in SAPS stationed at the Serious Corruption Offences Unit. His evidence was in affidavit form. Given the nature of his evidence he was not requested to give oral evidence. General Anwa Dramat (“Dramat”) is retired. Prior to retirement, he was Lieutenant General and the Deputy National Commissioner in the South African Police Services (“SAPS”). He was also the Head of the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigations (“DPCI” or “the Hawks”). He submitted an affidavit and testified at the Enquiry. Adv Jan Maatjan Ferreira (“Ferreira”) was admitted as an advocate in December 1993. He worked as a State Advocate, then as Senior State Advocate until he was appointed as DDP at the SCCU in 2003. He then became a Senior DDP at the SCCU in 2007. Ferreira deposed to an affidavit for the Enquiry on 14 January 2019 and gave evidence at the Enquiry. Kersananthan Govender (“Govender”) is a Deputy Director General: Governance and Public Administration in the Department of Public Service Administration. His evidence was in affidavit form confirming the affidavit of Chris MacAdam
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bosasa Executives Privy to Sensitive Details of NPA Case Against Them
    24 January 2019 Zondo Commission: Bosasa executives privy to sensitive details of NPA case against them Bosasa CEO Gavin Watson allegedly boasted about playing puppeteer with former president Jacob Zuma to his colleague Angelo Agrizzi and former commissioner of the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Linda Mti. He also told the pair that he knows of a particular approach he has to use with the president to get him to listen, and act. The commission of inquiry into state capture heard on Thursday an audio recording, which Agrizzi said he made during a 2015 meeting between himself and the two men. In the audio, a distinction between three different voices - all male - can be made. For the most part it features the person identified by Agrizzi as Watson, talking about the details of the politics within the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) at the time, particularly with regard to the DCS tender corruption case against Bosasa. He also seems to express his frustrations with the status of the case, which seemed to have gone away at some point in the past. Bosasa directors, including Watson and Agrizzi, as well as Mti and former DCS chief financial officer Patrick Gillingham featured in the potential prosecution. The man further singles out then senior prosecutor for the NPA Glynnis Breytenbach as being the reason why the case would not go away, because she was obsessed with discrediting Bosasa in the media. He talks of plans to bring Zuma up to speed with all this information, to show him who cannot be trusted within the NPA.
    [Show full text]
  • State Capture and the Political Manipulation of Criminal Justice Agencies a Joint Submission to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry Into Allegations of State Capture
    State capture and the political manipulation of criminal justice agencies A joint submission to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture CORRUPTION WATCH AND THE INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES APRIL 2019 State capture and the political manipulation of criminal justice agencies A joint submission by Corruption Watch and the Institute for Security Studies to the Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture April 2019 Contents Executive summary ..........................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................3 Structure and purpose of this submission .....................................................................................................3 Impact of manipulation of criminal justice agencies .......................................................................................4 Recent positive developments .......................................................................................................................4 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................4 Fixing the legacy of the manipulation of criminal justice agencies..............................................................4 Addressing risk factors for future manipulation
    [Show full text]
  • 12-Politcsweb-Going-Off-The-Rails
    http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/going-off-the-rails--irr Going off the rails - IRR John Kane-Berman - IRR | 02 November 2016 John Kane-Berman on the slide towards the lawless South African state GOING OFF THE RAILS: THE SLIDE TOWARDS THE LAWLESS SOUTH AFRICAN STATE SETTING THE SCENE South Africa is widely recognised as a lawless country. It is also a country run by a government which has itself become increasingly lawless. This is so despite all the commitments to legality set out in the Constitution. Not only is the post–apartheid South Africa founded upon the principle of legality, but courts whose independence is guaranteed are vested with the power to ensure that these principles are upheld. Prosecuting authorities are enjoined to exercise their functions “without fear, favour, or prejudice”. The same duty is laid upon other institutions established by the Constitution, among them the public protector and the auditor general. Everyone is endowed with the right to “equal protection and benefit of the law”. We are all also entitled to “administrative action that is lawful, reasonable, and procedurally fair”. Unlike the old South Africa – no doubt because of it – the new Rechtsstaat was one where the rule of law would be supreme, power would be limited, and the courts would have the final say. This edifice, and these ideals, are under threat. Lawlessness on the part of the state and those who run it is on the increase. The culprits run from the president down to clerks of the court, from directors general to immigration officials, from municipal managers to prison warders, from police generals to police constables, from cabinet ministers to petty bureaucrats.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramaphosa Fires Jiba, Mrwebi
    26 April 2019 Zondo Commission – Ramaphosa fires Jiba, Mrwebi Nomgcobo Jiba and Lawrence Mrwebi have been sent packing from the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) by President Cyril Ramaphosa, on the recommendation of retired Constitutional Court Justice Yvonne Mokgoro, who oversaw a commission of inquiry that sought to determine the pair’s fitness for office. Jiba was a deputy national director of public prosecutions (DNDPP), which made her the second in command within the NPA, while Mrwebi was the head of the NPA’s special commercial crimes unit. When their new boss, NDPP Shamila Batohi, took office in January this year, the pair had been on suspension for three months, pending the findings of the inquiry. Their names have also featured in stinging allegations in the oral evidence of several witnesses before the commission of inquiry into state capture, chaired by Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo. Bosasa cash-for-info scheme Former Bosasa chief operations officer Angelo Agrizzi’s testimony in January this year implicated both Jiba and Mrwebi in a cash-for-information scheme that involved compromising the NPA’s corruption case against the facilities management company. According to Agrizzi, Bosasa paid the two to leak any and all information related to a corruption case brought forward by the Special Investigating Unit (SIU), so that the company could know the case’s progress within the NPA at any given time. The facilitator of this arrangement was former national commissioner of the Department of Correctional Services, Linda Mti, who was himself implicated in the SIU investigation as having played a role in the irregular processes of awarding Bosasa a number of contracts over a period of several years.
    [Show full text]
  • That Cashed in on State Capture the Bankers, Accountants and Lawyers
    THE ENABLERS R R R $ R $ R R ERS THE BANKERS, ACCOUNTANTS AND LAWY URE THAT CASHED IN ON STATE CAPT R R R R R R R R PublishedFirst Published: by Open February Secrets 2020 in February 2020 ResearchSubsequent by: editions: Michael April Marchant, 2020 Mamello Mosiana, PaulNote: HoldenThe April and 2020 Hennie edition van includes Vuuren a few revisions concerning the conduct of McKinsey and Company based on correspondence between Open Secrets and McKinsey. This correspendence is available to read on the ­nal pages of this report. Copy editor: Helen Moett ResearchDesigner: by: Gaelen Michael Pinnock Marchant, | www.polygram.co.za Mamello Mosiana, Paul Holden and Hennie van Vuuren Printing: X Mega Digital ISBN: 978-0-620-86351-3 Copyright of Text: Open Secrets CopyrightCopy editor: of Helen Images: Moett Respective Rights Holders Designer: Gaelen Pinnock | www.polygram.co.za TheJunior publication designer: Skyla of this Francis report has been made possible by Printing: X Mega Digital E Open Secrets’ funders. They are the Claude Leon Foundation, H Copyright of Text: Open Secrets T Copyrightthe Heinrich of Images: Böll Foundation Respective Rights (Southern Holders Africa oce), Joe Charitable Trust, Luminate, Open Society Foundation HumanThe publication Rights of Initiative, this report Open has been Society made Foundationpossible by for South AfricaOpen Secrets’ and individual funders. They donors. are the Heinrich Böll Foundation (Southern Africa oce), Joe Charitable Trust, Luminate, Open Society Foundation Human Rights Initiative, Open
    [Show full text]
  • Betrayal of the Promise: How South Africa Is Being Stolen
    BETRAYAL OF THE PROMISE: HOW SOUTH AFRICA IS BEING STOLEN May 2017 State Capacity Research Project Convenor: Mark Swilling Authors Professor Haroon Bhorat (Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town), Dr. Mbongiseni Buthelezi (Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), University of the Witwatersrand), Professor Ivor Chipkin (Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), University of the Witwatersrand), Sikhulekile Duma (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Lumkile Mondi (Department of Economics, University of the Witwatersrand), Dr. Camaren Peter (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Professor Mzukisi Qobo (member of South African research Chair programme on African Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, University of Johannesburg), Professor Mark Swilling (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Hannah Friedenstein (independent journalist - pseudonym) Preface The State Capacity Research Project is an interdisciplinary, inter- that the individual confidential testimonies they were receiving from university research partnership that aims to contribute to the Church members matched and confirmed the arguments developed public debate about ‘state capture’ in South Africa. This issue has by the SCRP using largely publicly available information. This dominated public debate about the future of democratic governance triangulation of different bodies of evidence is of great significance. in South Africa ever since then Public Protector Thuli Madonsela published her report entitled State of Capture in late 2016.1 The The State Capacity Research Project is an academic research report officially documented the way in which President Zuma and partnership between leading researchers from four Universities senior government officials have colluded with a shadow network of and their respective research teams: Prof. Haroon Bhorat from the corrupt brokers.
    [Show full text]
  • Who's Feeding the PP Her Info? • Who's Paying For
    AFRICA’S BEST READ July 26 to August 1 2019 Vol 35 No 30 @mailandguardian mg.co.za Protect us from this mess OWho’s feeding the PP her info? OWho’s paying for CR? OWho really has the power? Pages 3, 4, 5, 8 & 23 PHOTO: MADELENE CRONJÉ 2 Mail & Guardian July 26 to August 1 2019 INSIDE IN BRIEF NEWS Little red trolls stick ANC on horns of protector dilemma it to Hanekom NUMBERS OF THE WEEK One opposition party want to keep her and In a revelation that The estimated the other lose her, and the ANC is divided 3 was a shock to eve- death toll from The percentage of the ryone except former Hurricane Maria, Who breathes the worst air in SA? president Jacob South African Reserve 4which645 devastated Puerto Rico in Sep- Jo’burgers do! 6 Zuma — who sees Bank's legal fees public tember 2017. This week thousands of spies lurking every- protector Busisiwe Puerto Rican protesters took to the EFF off to court to support protector where at the best of Mkhwebane has been The party has applied to join the case 8 times — it emerged this 15% streets demanding the resignation of ordered to pay out of her past week that ANC parliamentarian and Governor Ricardo Rosselló over a tranche own pocket by the Constitutional Court Deviations dodge due process former Cabinet minister Derek Hanekom of leaked chat messages containing a The attorney general has found that plotted with the Economic Freedom Fighters joke about the dead bodies of the municipalities are making use of a process to bring down Zuma.
    [Show full text]
  • Enquiry in Terms of Section 12(6) of the National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998 Abridged Version
    ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 ABRIDGED VERSION 1 APRIL 2019 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................7 1.1. Establishment of the Enquiry ................................................................................7 1.2. The Terms of Reference ........................................................................................9 1.3. Rules of the procedure ........................................................................................ 11 1.4. Invitation to submit evidence and the need for cross-examination ..................... 14 1.5. The structure of the report ...................................................................................15 2. THE PROSECUTING AUTHORITY: IT’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ..................................16 3. THE STRUCTURE OF THE NPA .................................................................................... 25 3.1. Roles and functions .............................................................................................25
    [Show full text]
  • Zuma, Jiba Et Al Linked to Bosasa
    Legalbrief | your legal news hub Friday 24 September 2021 Zuma, Jiba et al linked to Bosasa Former President Jacob Zuma and top NPA officials were on Bosasa’s payroll, according to testimony expected to be delivered to the Zondo Commission of Inquiry into State Capture this week by the company’s former chief operating officer, Angelo Agrizzi. The Sunday Times notes insiders who have seen Agrizzi’s full affidavit, say it contains details of how company CEO Gavin Watson made payments to Zuma, suspended deputy NDPP Nomgcobo Jiba and Special Director of Public Prosecutions Lawrence Mrwebi in return for their protection from prosecution in connection with dodgy state contracts. Agrizzi is going to claim Zuma received a R300 000 monthly payment, and Bosasa paid Jiba and Mrwebi R100 000 and R10 000 a month respectively. Jiba, however, denied stalling the Bosasa case, saying she tried to fast-track it. This was echoed by Mrwebi, who said he has approached the commission to refute Agrizzi's version. Jiba said she did not receive a cent from Bosasa or anyone linked to it. ‘I can subject myself to the commission now because it's so untrue,’ Jiba is quoted as saying. She was ready to be cross-examined on the matter. ‘He said I received R100 000 a month since 2011. That's over R10m. If I got that money, why did I subject myself to all of this at the NPA. I would have resigned.’ Jiba said she wants the police to get to the bottom of who took money from Bosasa in her name.
    [Show full text]
  • Betrayal of the Promise: How South Africa Is Being Stolen
    BETRAYAL OF THE PROMISE: HOW SOUTH AFRICA IS BEING STOLEN May 2017 State Capacity Research Project Convenor: Mark Swilling Authors Professor Haroon Bhorat (Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town), Dr. Mbongiseni Buthelezi (Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), University of the Witwatersrand), Professor Ivor Chipkin (Public Affairs Research Institute (PARI), University of the Witwatersrand), Sikhulekile Duma (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Lumkile Mondi (Department of Economics, University of the Witwatersrand), Dr. Camaren Peter (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Professor Mzukisi Qobo (member of South African research Chair programme on African Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, University of Johannesburg), Professor Mark Swilling (Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, Stellenbosch University), Hannah Friedenstein (independent journalist - pseudonym) Preface The State Capacity Research Project is an interdisciplinary, inter- that the individual confidential testimonies they were receiving from university research partnership that aims to contribute to the Church members matched and confirmed the arguments developed public debate about ‘state capture’ in South Africa. This issue has by the SCRP using largely publicly available information. This dominated public debate about the future of democratic governance triangulation of different bodies of evidence is of great significance. in South Africa ever since then Public Protector Thuli Madonsela published her report entitled State of Capture in late 2016.1 The The State Capacity Research Project is an academic research report officially documented the way in which President Zuma and partnership between leading researchers from four Universities senior government officials have colluded with a shadow network of and their respective research teams: Prof. Haroon Bhorat from the corrupt brokers.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the National Prosecuting Authority Act 32 of 1998
    JMC-001 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 UNABRIDGED VERSION 1 APRIL 2019 1 JMC-002 ENQUIRY IN TERMS OF SECTION 12(6) OF THE NATIONAL PROSECUTING AUTHORITY ACT 32 OF 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF WITNESSES .............................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Establishment of the Enquiry ............................................................................ 12 1.2. The Terms of Reference .................................................................................... 14 1.3. Rules of the procedure ...................................................................................... 17 1.4. Invitation to submit evidence and the need for cross-examination ................... 20 1.5. The structure of the report ................................................................................. 20 2. THE PROSECUTING AUTHORITY: IT’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ................................ 22 3. THE STRUCTURE OF THE NPA .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • It's No, No and No As Jiba Takes Stand
    Legalbrief | your legal news hub Friday 01 October 2021 It's no, no and no as Jiba takes stand Nomgcobo Jiba, embattled deputy head of the NPA, was in full denial mode when giving testimony at the Mokgoro inquiry into her fitness for office yesterday, notes Legalbrief. Welcoming the opportunity to state her case publicly for the first time, she made it clear she had never accepted a bribe from anyone at Bosasa; that she did not act unlawfully when authorising charges against former KZN Hawks head Johan Booysen; and that former Crime Intelligence head Richard Mdluli was not a friend. Meanwhile, her colleague Lawrence Mrwebi, head of the Specialised Commercial Crime Unit, whose fitness for office is also under scrutiny, came under pressure over his role in refusing to prosecute Mdluli when his cross-examination got under way late yesterday. Jiba used the occasion to appeal to the inquiry to bolster the prosecutorial independence of NPA, whatever the decision about her future may be. She told the inquiry – chaired by former Constitutional Court Justice Yvonne Mokgoro – that she was breaking years of silence to be ‘finally judged by persons whose integrity and sense of fairness I trust completely.’ According to a Mail & Guardian report, Jiba said she was dismayed by some of the evidence the inquiry has heard – in particular the testimony of former Pretoria head of the Specialised Commercial Crime Unit Glynnis Breytenbach and her fellow deputy national director, Willie Hofmeyr. She said their evidence, which called into question her rapid rise to the post of deputy national director and then to acting national director, ‘revealed a deep resentment that a young black African woman had been promoted to this leadership position’.
    [Show full text]