DOCSLIB.ORG

Spending Other People's Money

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spending Other People's Money SPENDING OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY A CRITIQUE OF RAWLS, PIKETTY AND OTHER REDISTRIBUTIONISTS HANNES H. GISSURARSON www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform Established by Margaret Thatcher, New Direction is Europe’s leading free market political foundation & publisher with offices in Brussels, London, Rome & Warsaw. New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. REGISTERED OFFICE: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Naweed Khan. www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. Sole liability rests with the author. AUTHOR TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 IT IS OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY 8 3 A STORY AND A PARABLE FROM THE BIBLE 18 4 THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE WELFARE STATE 25 5 THREE SWEDISH MODELS 33 6 RAWLS: FOCUSING ON THE WORST-OFF 43 Hannes Holmsteinn Gissurarson 7 APPLYING THE RAWLSIAN TEST 54 8 PIKETTY: PRIVATE WEALTH AS A SOCIAL EVIL 62 Born in 1953, he holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and is Professor of Politics at the University 9 A DIGRESSION ON BALZAC AND AUSTEN 75 of Iceland. The author of more than a dozen books on 10 SOCIALISM IN ONE COUNTRY 84 political philosophy, history and current affairs, he is the research director of RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for 11 CONCLUSIONS 101 Innovation and Economic Growth. New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform Spending Other People’s Money - A Critique of Rawls, Piketty and Other Redistributionists Hannes H. Gissurarson existence of a collective fund ready to be distributed After digressing on two nineteenth century novelists, unpersuasive and impractical. His theory was really Honoré de Balzac and Jane Austen, demonstrating 1 of prudence rather than justice: it was a strategy that their message is quite the opposite of what adopted by risk-averse individuals against potential Piketty believes, I point out that both he and Rawls adversity. For the sake of argument, I try to apply have to insist on their redistributive programmes Rawls’ maximin rule—aiming at the best possible being implemented in a closed society because INTRODUCTION standard of living for the worst off—to the modern otherwise they could be made unsustainable, world, concluding that even on his premises for example by the exodus of the rich. The two capitalism seems acceptable. Then I turn to the redistributionists have, in other words, to outlaw tax recent call by French economist Thomas Piketty for competition and stipulate ‘Socialism in One Country’. he Ten Commandments which Moses themselves and who have nobody on whom to rely worldwide redistribution of income, not so much in I also submit that the most serious inequality in brought down from Mount Sinai thousands except the community. order to lift up the poor as to bring down the rich. For the world today is between those who are born in of years ago are mostly in the form of Piketty, unlike Hegel and Rawls, wealth seems to be free and prosperous societies and those who live T explicit, narrow prohibitions rather than I begin this study by trying to establish that there is the social evil, not poverty. I point out that poverty elsewhere and face limited opportunities to escape direct orders. We are told not to kill, or steal, or give indeed such a thing as other people’s money: that has been greatly reduced in the last few decades poverty. In writing this report I have benefitted much false evidence against our neighbours, or set our heart most people in most countries are entitled to what and that new money has largely replaced old money from lively discussions at meetings of the Mont Pelerin on their property.1 This leaves us at liberty to do other is registered as their property. In order to do so, I amongst the rich so that Piketty’s narrative of a Society, an international academy of liberal and things not prohibited in the Commandments, such as give a short account of the discussions by Locke and runaway accumulation of inherited capital becomes conservative scholars, of which I have been a member choosing what we say to, or about, our neighbours other philosophers about justice in initial acquisition. implausible. I argue that the much maligned rich since 1984, and from many colloquia held by Liberty (provided we do not give false evidence against My contention is that land and other resources can perform some useful functions without necessarily Fund, an institution devoted to the calm and reasoned them) and such as exchanging our property, house, be justly appropriated if and when others are not intending to do so. Some of Piketty’s data on discussion of fundamental social problems. land, livestock or whatever else we may possess for made worse off by it. I then turn to some passages increased inequality of income and wealth may also something we want from our neighbours (where on wealth and poverty in the Holy Book and argue be flawed. Reykjavik, 1 December 2018. of course they have the same right to accept or that they are often misunderstood: they provide no Hannes H. Gissurarson reject the proposed transaction as we). But Chicago justification for coveting and seizing your neighbours’ economist and Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman property if the purpose is redistribution in one way sometimes remarked that an eleventh commandment or another, for example from the rich to the poor. The should be added and that it ought to be: “Thou shalt Good Samaritan was spending his own money. not do good with other people’s money.”2 I move on to the philosophical foundations of the There seems indeed to be little limit to people’s modern welfare state found in Hegel whose ideas goodness when it does not cost themselves were first implemented in Bismarck’s Germany and anything. Even if they may not covet their then perhaps most comprehensively in Sweden. I note neighbours’ property for themselves, they want to that the social integration and inclusion desired by apply government power to seize it from them in Hegel sometimes may be achieved by spontaneous order to use it for all kinds of purposes or pursuits cooperation. Whereas the Nordic countries are often they consider noble and worthy, not least for invoked by redistributionists, in particular Sweden, I redistribution from the rich to the poor, but also for argue that their prosperity is despite, and not because subsidising various activities, such as opera houses of redistribution and that it can be attributed mainly in big cities or quaint lifestyles in remote areas. In to the rule of law, free trade and social cohesion this report, commissioned by the Brussels think coupled with a high level of trust, brought about by tank New Direction, I argue, however, that for most the relative homogeniety of Nordic societies, with purposes it is immoral and unjust to spend other their long, shared history. people’s money, even if a case can certainly be made for taxation to finance widely accepted functions I briefly analyse what is perhaps the most of government, such as upholding law and order, sophisticated attempt in our time to justify the maintaining a strong and effective defence force redistributive state, John Rawls’ theory, finding and taking care of those who cannot look after his rejection of self-ownership and belief in the 1 Exodus, 20:1–17. 2 Another formulation, somewhat less biblical in style, is: “Everyone shall be free to do good at his own expense.” 6 New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform 7 Spending Other People’s Money - A Critique of Rawls, Piketty and Other Redistributionists Hannes H. Gissurarson labour with them, they become his property. Locke adds an important proviso, “at least where there is 2 enough, and as good, left in common for others.”5 Locke says that since things are unowned, but intended by God to be used, man does not need the express consent of all the commoners to appropriate things, IT IS OTHER PEOPLE’S MONEY only the proviso. Nozick plausibly argues that Locke’s proviso should be revised: People can appropriate things out of the commons if others are not made worse off by the appropriation, in other words if they oney is the medium we use when we We badly need a conception of liberty and are fully compensated for the things that have been exchange goods or services in the market. individual rights which will provide protection removed by others out of the commons.6 Locke adds What matters is of course what can be against the proclivities of a temporary majority another proviso that nobody can remove so much bought for money, not money itself. It is for trampling over the rights and liberties of the out of the commons that it would become spoiled or M Portrait of John Locke by Michael Dahl. Locke easy to demonstrate, even if not always well understood, rest of us in the name of a debased kind of act destroyed by not being used. He notes, though, that explained how individuals could acquire that proper market exchanges, excluding fraud and utilitarianism. Unfortunately all the well known this proviso becomes irrelevant with the invention of property from the commons without making others worse off. coercion, work for the benefit of everybody concerned. variations of libertarianism and limited state money, as things can be exchanged for money. (It is For simplicity’s sake, assume that Robinson Crusoe and conservatism—Nozick, Hayek, Oakeshott et also not clear whether he really needs the latter proviso Man Friday are the only inhabitants on an island and that al.—lack a theory of legitimate property rights, to begin with; the former proviso would seem to cover equal richness lying waste in common.”8 Locke adds they only need two kinds of goods to have a decent life, without which they are powerless to provide the eventuality he mentions.) that of the total income of a society most is anyway fish and coconut, and that the units of these goods are a comprehensive theoretical defence against created by labour, not by titles to parcels of land.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • British Fiction Today
    Birkbeck ePrints: an open access repository of the research output of Birkbeck College http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk Brooker, Joseph (2006). The middle years of Martin Amis. In Rod Mengham and Philip Tew eds. British Fiction Today. London/New York: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., pp.3-14. This is an author-produced version of a paper published in British Fiction Today (ISBN 0826487319). This version has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof corrections, published layout or pagination. All articles available through Birkbeck ePrints are protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Citation for this version: Brooker, Joseph (2006). The middle years of Martin Amis. London: Birkbeck ePrints. Available at: http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000437 Citation for the publisher’s version: Brooker, Joseph (2006). The middle years of Martin Amis. In Rod Mengham and Philip Tew eds. British Fiction Today. London/New York: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., pp.3-14. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk Contact Birkbeck ePrints at [email protected] The Middle Years of Martin Amis Joseph Brooker Martin Amis (b.1949) was a fancied newcomer in the 1970s and a defining voice in the 1980s. He entered the 1990s as a leading player in British fiction; by his early forties, the young talent had grown into a dominant force. Following his debut The Rachel Papers (1973), he subsidised his fictional output through the 1970s with journalistic work, notably as literary editor at the New Statesman.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Times of Gordon Tullock
    Public Choice (2012) 152:3–27 DOI 10.1007/s11127-011-9899-3 The life and times of Gordon Tullock Charles K. Rowley · Daniel Houser Received: 24 October 2011 / Accepted: 25 October 2011 / Published online: 10 November 2011 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 Abstract Gordon Tullock is a founding father of public choice. In an academic career that has spanned 50 years, he forged much of the research agenda of the public choice program and he founded and edited Public Choice, the key journal of public choice scholarship. Tullock, however did much more than this. This Special Issue of Public Choice honors Gordon Tullock in precisely the manner that he most values: the creation of new ideas across the vast range of his own scholarly interests. Keywords Gordon Tullock · Tullock’s life · Tullock’s times Si monumentum requiris, circumspice 1 Innocence of youth Gordon Tullock was born in Rockford, Illinois on February 13, 1922. His father, George Tullock, was a hardy Midwesterner of Scottish ancestry. His mother, Helen, nee Crumb, was of equally hardy Pennsylvania-Dutch stock. His father’s elder brother, Tom, and his two children, also lived in Rockford, but some distance away. So Gordon had no close and continuing relationship with them. Both of Gordon’s grandfathers died before he was old enough to remember them. Both of his grandmothers ‘lived with us for some time, but fortunately not at the same time’ (Tullock 2009:1) Rockford, often referred to as the ‘Forest City’, was a mid-sized city with a 64,000 pop- ulation in 1922, when Gordon Tullock was born.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOKS THAT CHANGE LIVES in Order to Catch up with Our Neighbors
    BOOKS THAT CHANGE LIVES Dear reader, This is a brief description of the book program of Bendukidze Free Market Center. We believe that the key to happiness and prosperity for all countries is one and the same – free creativity of free people. We believe in the ability of ideas to change human lives, and that is why we consider promoting the ideas of freedom in Ukraine to be our mission. In order to catch up with our neighbors that are far ahead, we have to move much faster than they do. "One needs to become a champion of reforms to show average results," said Kakha Bendukidze regarding a similar situation. One of the reasons that hinder Ukraine's rapid development is multi-layered intellectual rubbish, stuffed into the heads of our politicians, university graduates and even public intellectuals. The "Library of Freedom" is the contribution of the BFMC and our partners to the Ukrainian Enlightenment. In the fight against ignorance and deception there is no weapon stronger than a clear, bright and sharp book. This document is an invitation to cooperate. The "Library of Freedom" needs the support of entrepreneurs and non-indifferent people. Promoting the right ideas is the best contribution to the development of our country! Volodymyr Fedoryn Director of Bendukidze Free Market Center LIBRARY OF FREEDOM Library of Freedom is a book program of the Bendukidze Free Market Center aimed at introducing Ukrainian readers to bestsellers on economic freedom, free market success stories, etc. This unique project is a multi-year undertaking, during which Ukrainians will get access to both new foreign releases and classic works on the above-mentioned topics.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Capitalism How to Protect the Environment by Defining Private Property Rights
    GREEN CAPITALISM HOW TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT BY DEFINING PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS HANNES H. GISSURARSON www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform Established by Margaret Thatcher, New Direction is Europe’s leading free market political foundation & publisher with offices in Brussels, London, Rome & Warsaw. New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. REGISTERED OFFICE: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Naweed Khan. www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. Sole liability rests with the author. AUTHOR TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 THE NOT-SO-SILENT SPRING 8 3 DIRE PREDICTIONS 11 4 NOBLE SAVAGES? 15 5 A DIGRESSION ON RAINFORESTS 19 6 WISE USE ENVIRONMENTALISM 22 7 GOOD FENCES MAKE GOOD NEIGHBOURS 26 8 LAND AND THE GEORGIST ILLUSION 31 Hannes Holmsteinn Gissurarson 9 TWO ICELANDIC CASES: SHEEP AND SALMON 38 10 FISH STOCKS 41 Born in 1953, he holds a D.Phil. in Politics from 11 THE ICELANDIC ITQ SYSTEM 45 Oxford University and is Professor of Politics at 12 POLITICAL ISSUES IN DEVELOPING ITQs 50 the University of Iceland. The author of more than a dozen books on political philosophy, 13 WHALES 57 history and current affairs, he is the research 14 ELEPHANTS 62 director of RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. 15 RHINOS 66 16 CONCLUDING REMARKS 69 New Direction - The Foundation for European Reform www.europeanreform.org @europeanreform Green Capitalism: How to Protect the Environment by Defining Private Property Rights Hannes H.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
    Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Cornel West, Meet Richard Posner: Towards a Critical-Neoclassical Synthesis
    Cornel West, Meet Richard Posner: Towards a Critical-Neoclassical Synthesis Francisco E.Guerra-Pujol* Do not ask who I am and do not ask me to remain the same .. Pet us leave itto our bureaucrats and our police to see that our papers are in order. I. INTRODUCTION Imagine Harvard professor Cornel West stuck in the same elevator with Judge Richard A. Posner. One is an African-American, a progressive champion of racial and economic equality, and a critical scholar of race, politics, and culture, while the other is of Jewish descent, a libertarian champion of free markets, and the intellectual godfather of 'law and economics'. Both scholars have published a prolific corpus of writings 2 and are at the forefront of two great intellectual movements: critical theory and law and economics. So what on Earth would these two leading public intellectuals say to each other? At the risk of sounding a bit irreverent, permit me to quote my favorite cartoon character: iay carumba!3 I mention Judge Posner and Professor West in particular to personify the deep intellectual divide between neoclassical economics (of which 'law and economics' is an offshoot) and critical theory.4 Indeed, this gulf is readily apparent inmany of the papers published in this LatCrit X Symposium issue.5 Furthermore, this distrust is mutual. Just as most critical scholars share a profound antipathy towards orthodox economics, many neoclassical economists and mainstream lawyer- * Associate Professor, Catholic University of Puerto Rico School of Law. I am grateful to the many critical scholars who helped me develop the ideas in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Hip-Hop's Diversity and Misperceptions
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College Summer 8-2020 Hip-Hop's Diversity and Misperceptions Andrew Cashman Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Music Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HIP-HOP’S DIVERSITY AND MISPERCEPTIONS by Andrew Cashman A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Anthropology) The Honors College University of Maine August 2020 Advisory Committee: Joline Blais, Associate Professor of New Media, Advisor Kreg Ettenger, Associate Professor of Anthropology Christine Beitl, Associate Professor of Anthropology Sharon Tisher, Lecturer, School of Economics and Honors Stuart Marrs, Professor of Music 2020 Andrew Cashman All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The misperception that hip-hop is a single entity that glorifies wealth and the selling of drugs, and promotes misogynistic attitudes towards women, as well as advocating gang violence is one that supports a mainstream perspective towards the marginalized.1 The prevalence of drug dealing and drug use is not a picture of inherent actions of members in the hip-hop community, but a reflection of economic opportunities that those in poverty see as a means towards living well. Some artists may glorify that, but other artists either decry it or offer it as a tragic reality. In hip-hop trends build off of music and music builds off of trends in a cyclical manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyberarts 2021 Since Its Inception in 1987, the Prix Ars Electronica Has Been Honoring Creativity and Inno- Vativeness in the Use of Digital Media
    Documentation of the Prix Ars Electronica 2021 Lavishly illustrated and containing texts by the prize-winning artists and statements by the juries that singled them out for recognition, this catalog showcases the works honored by the Prix Ars Electronica 2021. The Prix Ars Electronica is the world’s most time-honored media arts competition. Winners are awarded the coveted Golden Nica statuette. Ever CyberArts 2021 since its inception in 1987, the Prix Ars Electronica has been honoring creativity and inno- vativeness in the use of digital media. This year, experts from all over the world evaluated Prix Ars Electronica S+T+ARTS 3,158 submissions from 86 countries in four categories: Computer Animation, Artificial Intelligence & Life Art, Digital Musics & Sound Art, and the u19–create your world com - Prize ’21 petition for young people. The volume also provides insights into the achievements of the winners of the Isao Tomita Special Prize and the Ars Electronica Award for Digital Humanity. ars.electronica.art/prix STARTS Prize ’21 STARTS (= Science + Technology + Arts) is an initiative of the European Commission to foster alliances of technology and artistic practice. As part of this initiative, the STARTS Prize awards the most pioneering collaborations and results in the field of creativity 21 ’ and innovation at the intersection of science and technology with the arts. The STARTS Prize ‘21 of the European Commission was launched by Ars Electronica, BOZAR, Waag, INOVA+, T6 Ecosystems, French Tech Grande Provence, and the Frankfurt Book Fair. This Prize catalog presents the winners of the European Commission’s two Grand Prizes, which honor Innovation in Technology, Industry and Society stimulated by the Arts, and more of the STARTS Prize ‘21 highlights.
    [Show full text]
  • From Social Control to Financial Economics: the Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America
    Theor Soc (2013) 42:121–159 DOI 10.1007/s11186-012-9187-3 From social control to financial economics: the linked ecologies of economics and business in twentieth century America Marion Fourcade & Rakesh Khurana Published online: 27 February 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract This article draws on historical material to examine the co-evolution of economic science and business education over the course of the twentieth century, showing that fields evolve not only through internal struggles but also through struggles taking place in adjacent fields. More specifically, we argue that the scientific strategies of business schools played an essential—if largely invisible and poorly understood—role in major transformations in the organization and substantive direc- tion of social-scientific knowledge, and specifically economic knowledge, in twenti- eth century America. We use the Wharton School as an illustration of the earliest trends and dilemmas (ca. 1900–1930), when business schools found themselves caught between their business connections and their striving for moral legitimacy in higher education. Next, we look at the creation of the Carnegie Tech Graduate School of Industrial Administration after World War II. This episode illustrates the increas- ingly successful claims of social scientists, backed by philanthropic foundations, on business education and the growing appeal of “scientific” approaches to decision- making and management. Finally, we argue that the rise of the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago from the 1960s onwards (and its closely related cousin at the University of Rochester) marks the decisive ascendancy of economics, and particularly financial economics, in business education over the other behavioral M.
    [Show full text]
  • Josh Wright's
    University of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository UF Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 4-2013 Josh Wright’s “Chicago School Papers”: An Overview William H. Page University of Florida Levin College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons Recommended Citation William H. Page, Josh Wright’s “Chicago School Papers”: An Overview, 13-APR Antitrust Source 5 (2013), available at http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub/650 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UF Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. theantitrustsource Ⅵ www.antitrustsource.com Ⅵ A p r i l 2 0 13 5 Josh Wright’s “Chicago School Papers”: An Overview By William H. Page Marshall M. Criser Eminent Scholar, University of Florida Levin College of Law. In what follows, I consider three of Commissioner Wright’s “Chicago School Papers.” In these papers, Commissioner Wright considers the past, present, and future role of the Chicago School of antitrust analysis in the shaping of law and policy, offering along the way some interesting insights into what his priorities at the FTC are likely to be. The papers discussed have common themes: the mischaracterization of the “Chicago School,” the scientific advantage of dispensing altogether with “School” labels, and a focus on empirical findings in shaping antitrust analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Hannes Werthner Frank Van Harmelen Editors
    Hannes Werthner Frank van Harmelen Editors Informatics in the Future Proceedings of the 11th European Computer Science Summit (ECSS 2015), Vienna, October 2015 Informatics in the Future Hannes Werthner • Frank van Harmelen Editors Informatics in the Future Proceedings of the 11th European Computer Science Summit (ECSS 2015), Vienna, October 2015 Editors Hannes Werthner Frank van Harmelen TU Wien Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Wien, Austria Amsterdam, The Netherlands ISBN 978-3-319-55734-2 ISBN 978-3-319-55735-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55735-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017938012 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. This work is subject to copyright. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Icelandic Football, the Development of Icelandic Players and Coach Education in Iceland Siggi Eyjolfsson Technical Director at the the Football Association of Iceland
    Icelandic Football, the development of Icelandic players and coach education in Iceland Siggi Eyjolfsson Technical director at the The Football Association of Iceland Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Icelandic football - facts and figures • Population of Iceland: 319.368 • Registered players: 19.220 (6,01%) • Number of clubs: 90 • Number of teams: 816 • Number of coaches: 575 • Number of professional players playing abroad: 66 • Semi-professional premier league Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Icelandic premier league 2010 1. ÍBV 2. Breidablik 3. FH 4. KR 5. Fram 6. Valur 7. Stjarnan 8. Keflavík 9. Grindavík 10. Fylkir 11. Selfoss 12. Haukar Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Sam Allardyce quote "When you consider the fact that the population of Iceland is similar to the population of Bolton, it becomes astonishing how many good footballers come from Iceland. Icelandic players are playing all across Europe." Morgunbladid, May 8th, 2003 Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Male statistics Sources: The Football Associations and Nordic Statistical Yearbook 2009 (population jan 1st 2009) Country: Denmark Finland Norway Sweden Iceland Faroe Islands Total 5.511.451 5.326.314 4.799.252 9.256.347 319.368 48.778 population # of men at 1.024.687 987.067 945.115 1.729.164 71.531 10.488 age 5-34 # of men 249.938 90.218 257.415 365.226 13.087 2.290 players registered % of all 24.4% 9.1% 27.2% 21.1% 18.3% 21.8% men age 5- 34 playing football Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Female statistics Sources: The Football Associations and Nordic Statistical Yearbook 2009 (population jan 1st 2009) Country: Denmark Finland Norway Sweden Iceland Faroe Islands Total 5.511.451 5.326.314 4.799.252 9.256.347 319.368 48.778 population # of women 991.291 942.201 905.016 1.646.125 67.449 9.178 at age 5-34 # of women 63.736 25.050 106.418 166.319 6.133 950 players registered % of all 6.4% 2.7% 11.8% 10.1% 9.1% 10.4% women age 5-34 playing football Icelandic football – Siggi Eyjolfsson Teitur Thordarson, ex head coach KR, Lyn, Brann, Lilleström, Estonia..
    [Show full text]