Potential Signs of Substance Use Potential Signs of Substance Use Potential Signs of Substance Use Examples of Examples of Examples of Category Examples General Effects Category Examples General Effects Category Examples General Effects beer, wine, spirits impaired judgement, beer, wine, spirits impaired judgement, beer, wine, spirits impaired judgement, slowed reflexes, slowed reflexes, slowed reflexes, sleepiness or drowsi- sleepiness or drowsi- sleepiness or drowsi- Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol ness, coma; overdose ness, coma; overdose ness, coma; overdose may be fatal may be fatal may be fatal

marijuana, distorted sense of marijuana, distorted sense of marijuana, distorted sense of hashish time, impaired mem- hashish time, impaired mem- hashish time, impaired mem- Cannabis ory, impaired coordi- Cannabis ory, impaired coordi- Cannabis ory, impaired coordi- nation nation nation sleeping inattention, slowed sleeping inattention, slowed sleeping inattention, slowed medicines, seda- reflexes, depression, medicines, seda- reflexes, depression, medicines, seda- reflexes, depression, tives, some impaired balance, tives, some impaired balance, tives, some impaired balance, Depressants Depressants Depressants tranquilizers drowsiness, coma; tranquilizers drowsiness, coma; tranquilizers drowsiness, coma; overdose may be fatal overdose may be fatal overdose may be fatal

LSD (lysergic acid inattention, sensory LSD (lysergic acid inattention, sensory LSD (lysergic acid inattention, sensory diethylamide), illusions, hallucina- diethylamide), illusions, hallucina- diethylamide), illusions, hallucina- Hallucinogens PCP (phencycli- tions, disorientation, Hallucinogens PCP (phencycli- tions, disorientation, Hallucinogens PCP (phencycli- tions, disorientation, dine), mescaline psychosis dine), mescaline psychosis dine), mescaline psychosis

hydrocarbons, intoxication similar to hydrocarbons, intoxication similar to hydrocarbons, intoxication similar to Inhalants solvents, alcohol, dizziness, Inhalants solvents, alcohol, dizziness, Inhalants solvents, alcohol, dizziness, gasoline headache gasoline headache gasoline headache cigarettes, initial stimulant; later cigarettes, initial stimulant; later cigarettes, initial stimulant; later Nicotine chewing tobacco, depressant effects Nicotine chewing tobacco, depressant effects Nicotine chewing tobacco, depressant effects

morphine, heroin, loss of interest, morphine, heroin, loss of interest, morphine, heroin, loss of interest, codeine, some “nodding;” overdose codeine, some “nodding;” overdose codeine, some “nodding;” overdose Opiates prescription pain may be fatal Opiates prescription pain may be fatal Opiates prescription pain may be fatal medications medications medications

cocaine, amphet- elevated mood, cocaine, amphet- elevated mood, cocaine, amphet- elevated mood, amines overactivity, ten- amines overactivity, ten- amines overactivity, ten- Stimulants sion/anxiety, increased Stimulants sion/anxiety, increased Stimulants sion/anxiety, increased heart rate and blood heart rate and blood heart rate and blood pressure pressure pressure

Source: Blume, S.B., “Alcohol and Drug Abuse” in the Encyclopaedia of Source: Blume, S.B., “Alcohol and Drug Abuse” in the Encyclopaedia of Source: Blume, S.B., “Alcohol and Drug Abuse” in the Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety 4th edition, International Labour Office, 1998. Occupational Health and Safety 4th edition, International Labour Office, 1998. Occupational Health and Safety 4th edition, International Labour Office, 1998.

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