DOCSLIB.ORG

Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon Ampullatus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon Ampullatus COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population Scotian Shelf population in Canada Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population - SPECIAL CONCERN Scotian Shelf population - ENDANGERED 2011 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xii + 31 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC 2002. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus (Scotian shelf population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 22 pp. Whitehead, H., A. Faucher, S. Gowans, and S. McCarrey. 1996. Update COSEWIC status report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus (Gully population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-22 pp. Reeves, RR., and E. Mitchel. 1993. COSEWIC status report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus, in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa. 16 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Hal Whitehead and Tonya Wimmer for writing the status report on the Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Randall Reeves, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Marine Mammals Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la baleine à bec commune (Hyperoodon ampullatus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: H. Whitehead lab. Northern Bottlenose Whale — Hal Whitehead lab. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2011. Catalogue No. CW69-14/77-2011E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-18675-7 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2011 Common name Northern Bottlenose Whale - Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population Scientific name Hyperoodon ampullatus Status Special Concern Reason for designation The population is of Special Concern for the following reasons: (1) numbers were likely reduced by whaling in the late 1960s and early 1970s when 818 whales were taken; (2) trends in population size since then are uncertain but survey sighting rates have been low; and (3) threats from fishery interactions are documented and ongoing. There is no abundance estimate. Entanglement in fishing gear is the primary known threat but noise and contaminants are also of concern. The whales in the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea region have been genetically linked to the population off Iceland so rescue is possible. Occurrence Atlantic Ocean Status history The Northern Bottlenose Whale was given a single designation of Not at Risk in April 1993. Split into two populations in April 1996 to allow a separate designation of the Northern Bottlenose Whale (Scotian Shelf population). The Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population was not assessed in 1996; it retained the Not at Risk designation of the original Northern Bottlenose Whale. The population was designated Special Concern in May 2011. Assessment Summary – May 2011 Common name Northern Bottlenose Whale - Scotian Shelf population Scientific name Hyperoodon ampullatus Status Endangered Reason for designation This well-studied population contains an estimated 164 individuals, of which approximately 93 are mature. The population appears to be stable but it is very small and at risk from entanglement in fishing gear and possibly also from anthropogenic noise produced by seismic surveys for oil and gas and from exposure to contaminants. Occurrence Atlantic Ocean Status history The Northern Bottlenose Whale was given a single designation of Not at Risk in April 1993. Split into two populations in April 1996 to allow a separate designation of the Northern Bottlenose Whale (Scotian Shelf population). Scotian Shelf population designated Special Concern in April 1996. Status re-examined and designated Endangered in November 2002 and in May 2011. iii COSEWIC Executive Summary Northern Bottlenose Whale Hyperoodon ampullatus Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population Scotian Shelf population Wildlife species description and significance The Northern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus, is a beaked whale found only in the northern North Atlantic. It is a sturdy, medium-sized (7-9m) whale, dolphin- like in appearance, with a beak and falcate dorsal fin, but much larger than most dolphins. A substantial part of the total range of the Northern Bottlenose Whale lies in Canadian waters. The species is among the deepest and most prolonged divers of all mammals and is known for its tendency to approach vessels. The animals off the Scotian Shelf are the subjects of the most detailed research on any living species of beaked whale. Distribution Northern Bottlenose Whales are found in deep (>500m) waters of the northern North Atlantic, north of about 40oN. There are five recognized areas of concentration, three in the eastern Atlantic, Iceland, Svalbard, and off mainland Norway, and two in Canadian waters, along the edge of the Scotian Shelf and off Labrador, including southern Baffin Bay. The Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea and Scotian Shelf populations are genetically distinct. The Scotian Shelf animals are generally smaller, may breed later in the year, and have higher pollutant loads than those in the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait- Labrador Sea population. Movement between the two populations seems to be very rare. iv Habitat Northern Bottlenose Whales occur primarily in continental slope waters 800- 1,500m deep. The whales of the Scotian Shelf edge depend heavily on three locations, the large submarine canyons called the Gully, Shortland Canyon and Haldimand Canyon. Biology Males become sexually mature at 7-9 years old and females at 8-13, thereafter giving birth to single offspring about every two years. The life span is at least 37 years, and the generation time is about 15.5 years. The Scotian Shelf population does not seem to migrate. Movements by whales of the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea population have not been studied. While Northern Bottlenose Whales eat various deep-water fishes and squids, they are specialists compared with other deep-diving mammals, particularly favouring squids of the genus Gonatus. Population sizes and trends The Scotian Shelf population contains approximately 164 adult and immature animals, and has shown no statistically significant trend in population size between 1988 and 2009. There is no estimate of the size of the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea population. In 1962-1967 whaling operations took 87 animals from the Scotian Shelf population, and in 1969-1971 whalers took 818 from the Baffin Bay-Davis Strait- Labrador Sea population. Threats and limiting factors Northern Bottlenose Whales in Canadian waters face two principal threats, entanglement in fishing gear and ocean noise. In both cases the threat is actual, but the extent of harm is uncertain. There are also concerns about contaminant levels in whale tissues, possibly related to oil and gas development activities. Protection, status, and ranks The Northern Bottlenose Whale is listed as a “Protected Species” by the International Whaling Commission with a catch limit of zero. The species is in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and it is considered Data Deficient by IUCN. There is currently no regular hunt for Bottlenose Whales. v In Canada, hunting and other activities deliberately harmful to Northern Bottlenose Whales are covered by the Marine Mammal Regulations of the Fisheries Act. The Scotian Shelf population was listed as Endangered by COSEWIC in 2002 and was listed under Schedule 1 of SARA in April 2006. The Baffin Bay-Davis Strait-Labrador Sea population was implicitly considered “not at risk” when the species as a whole was assessed by COSEWIC in 1993. The Gully was designated as a marine protected area in 2004 under the Oceans Act, with the core area of the protected area coinciding with the principal habitat of the Scotian Shelf Northern Bottlenose Whales. The remaining habitat of Northern Bottlenose Whales in Canada has no special protection. vi TECHNICAL SUMMARY (Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population) Hyperoodon ampullatus Northern Bottlenose Whale Baleine à bec commune (Davis Strait-Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea population) (Population du détroit de Davis, de la baie de Baffin et de la mer du Labrador) Range of occurrence in Canada: Atlantic Ocean (off Newfoundland and Labrador, Nunavut) Demographic Information Generation time (see text) 15.5 years Is there a continuing decline in number of mature individuals? Unknown Estimated percent of continuing decline in total number of mature individuals - within 5 years or 2 generations Observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected percent reduction or increase in Unknown total number of mature individuals over the last 10 years, or 3 generations Projected or suspected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Greenland Turbot Assessment
    6HFWLRQ STOCK ASSESSMENT OF GREENLAND TURBOT James N. Ianelli, Thomas K. Wilderbuer, and Terrance M. Sample 6XPPDU\ Changes to this year’s assessment in the past year include: 1. new summary estimates of retained and discarded Greenland turbot by different target fisheries, 2. update the estimated catch levels by gear type in recent years, and 3. new length frequency and biomass data from the 1998 NMFS eastern Bering Sea shelf survey. Conditions do not appear to have changed substantively over the past several years. For example, the abundance of Greenland turbot from the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf-trawl survey has found only spotty quantities with very few small fish that were common in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The majority of the catch has shifted to longline gear in recent years. The assessment model analysis was similar to last year but with a slightly higher estimated overall abundance. We attribute this to a slightly improved fit to the longline survey data trend. The target stock size (B40%, female spawning biomass) is estimated at about 139,000 tons while the projected 1999 spawning biomass is about 110,000 tons. The adjusted yield projection from F40% computations is estimated at 20,000 tons for 1999, and increase of 5,000 from last year’s ABC. Given the continued downward abundance trend and no sign of recruitment to the EBS shelf, extra caution is warranted. We therefore recommend that the ABC be set to 15,000 tons (same value as last year). As additional survey information become available and signs of recruitment (perhaps from areas other than the shelf) are apparent, then we believe that the full ABC or increases in harvest may be appropriate for this species.
    [Show full text]
  • Movements of a Deep-Water Fish: Establishing Marine Fisheries Management Boundaries in Coastal Arctic Waters
    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Biological Sciences Publications Department of Biological Sciences 2017 Movements of a deep-water fish: Establishing marine fisheries management boundaries in coastal Arctic waters Nigel E. Hussey University of Windsor K. J. Hedges A. N. Barkley M. A. Treble I. Peklova See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hussey, Nigel E.; Hedges, K. J.; Barkley, A. N.; Treble, M. A.; Peklova, I.; Webber, D. M.; Ferguson, S. H.; Yurkowski, D. J.; Kessel, S. T.; Bedard, J. M.; and Fisk, A. T., "Movements of a deep-water fish: Establishing marine fisheries management boundaries in coastal Arctic waters" (2017). Ecological Applications, 27, 3, 687-704. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub/813 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biological Sciences at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Nigel E. Hussey, K. J. Hedges, A. N. Barkley, M. A. Treble, I. Peklova, D. M. Webber, S. H. Ferguson, D. J. Yurkowski, S. T. Kessel, J. M. Bedard, and A. T. Fisk This article is available at Scholarship at UWindsor: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/biologypub/813 INVITED FEATURE Ecological Applications, 27(3), 2017, pp. 687–704 © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America Movements of a deep- water fish: establishing marine fisheries management boundaries in coastal Arctic waters NIGEL E.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Ecology Progress Series 508:211
    Vol. 508: 211–222, 2014 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published August 4 doi: 10.3354/meps10874 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Seasonal migration, vertical activity, and winter temperature experience of Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in West Greenland waters Jesper Boje1, Stefan Neuenfeldt1, Claus Reedtz Sparrevohn2, Ole Eigaard1, Jane W. Behrens1,* 1Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kavalergaarden 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark 2Danish Pelagic Producers Organization, HC Andersens Boulevard 37, 1553 Copenhagen, Denmark ABSTRACT: The deep-water flatfish Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) is common along the West Greenland coast. In the northwestern fjords, Greenland halibut is an important socio-economic resource for the Greenland community, but due to the deep and partly ice-covered environment, very little is known about its behavior and habitat characteristics. We tagged adult Greenland halibut in the waters off Ilulissat with electronic data storage tags that collected information on depth, temperature, and time. Although clear differences between individuals in migration and vertical behavior were present, we discovered a consistent seasonal migration from the relatively shallow-water Disko Bay area into the deep waters of the Ilulissat Icefjord, where the fish resided in the winter months before returning to Disko Bay. Vertical activity was pronounced at both locations, with fish covering vertical distances of up to 100 m within 15 min. During the winter months, the fish experienced temperatures between ca. 0 and 4°C, with most experiencing temperatures of 2 to 3°C. Irrespective of year and quarter of the year, the fish experienced warmer water and a broader range of temperatures when resident in Disko Bay (mean range 2.6°C) than when resident in the ice fjord (mean range 1.4°C).
    [Show full text]
  • Fixed Gear Recommendations for the Cumberland Sound Greenland Halibut Fishery
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat Central and Arctic Region Science Response 2008/011 FIXED GEAR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CUMBERLAND SOUND GREENLAND HALIBUT FISHERY Context In a letter dated March 14, 2008, the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board (NWMB) requested Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Science advice on ways Greenland halibut fishing could be conducted in Cumberland Sound such that conservation concerns with non-directed by- catch of marine mammals and Greenland sharks are minimized or alleviated. On March 31, 2008, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management (FAM) submitted a request to Science for advice to address this request. Given the response was needed prior to the open-water fishing season (July 2008) and since the NWMB is the final advisory body for this request, DFO Central and Arctic Science determined that a Special Science Response Process would be used. Background The Cumberland Sound Greenland halibut (turbot) fishery began in 1986 and has been traditionally exploited during the winter months using longline gear set on the bottom through holes cut in the ice. Fishing typically takes place along a deep trench (>500 m) that extends toward Imigen Island and Drum Islands (Fig. 1). In 2005, a new management zone was established in Cumberland Sound with a Total Allowable Catch (TAC) of 500 t separate from the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Division 0B TAC. Catches in the winter fishery peaked in 1992 at 430 t then declined to levels below 100 t through the late 1990s and peaked again at 245 t in 2003. However, in recent years catches have declined significantly with harvests of 9 t, 70 t and 3 t for 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsurface and Nighttime Behaviour of Pantropical Spotted Dolphins in Hawai′I
    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 988 Subsurface and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins in Hawai′i Robin W. Baird, Allan D. Ligon, Sascha K. Hooker, and Antoinette M. Gorgone Abstract: Pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) are found in both pelagic waters and around oceanic is- lands. A variety of differences exist between populations in these types of areas, including average group sizes, extent of movements, and frequency of multi-species associations. Diving and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins were studied near the islands of Maui and Lana′i, Hawai′i, in 1999. Suction-cup-attached time–depth recorder/VHF-radio tags were deployed on six dolphins for a total of 29 h. Rates of movements of tagged dolphins were substantially lower than reported in pelagic waters. Average diving depths and durations were shallower and shorter than reported for other similar-sized odontocetes but were similar to those reported in a study of pantropical spotted dolphins in the pelagic waters of the eastern tropical Pacific. Dives (defined as >5 m deep) at night were deeper (mean = 57.0 m, SD = 23.5 m, n = 2 individuals, maximum depth 213 m) than during the day (mean = 12.8 m, SD = 2.1 m, n = 4 individuals, maximum depth 122 m), and swim velocity also increased after dark. These results, together with the series of deep dives recorded immediately after sunset, suggest that pantropical spotted dolphins around Hawai′i feed primarily at night on organisms associated with the deep-scattering layer as it rises up to the surface after dark.
    [Show full text]
  • Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Marine Fish and Its Implications
    Journal of Fish Diseases 2005, 28, 509–529 Review Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in marine fish and its implications for fish farming – a review H F Skall1, N J Olesen1 and S Mellergaard2,* 1 Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, A˚rhus, Denmark 2 Department for Marine Ecology and Aquaculture, Fish Disease Laboratory, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Frederiksberg, Denmark marine fish to farmed fish are discussed, as are Abstract measures to prevent introduction of VHSV from the Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) has, marine environment to aquaculture. in recent decades, been isolated from an increasing Keywords: aquaculture, legislation, marine VHSV number of free-living marine fish species. So far, it isolates, review, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia has been isolated from at least 48 fish species from the virus (VHSV), wild marine fish. northern hemisphere, including North America, Asia and Europe, and fifteen different species inclu- ding herring, sprat, cod, Norway pout and flatfish Introduction from northern European waters. The high number of Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is one of the VHSV isolations from the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, most important viral diseases of salmonid fish in Skagerrak, the North Sea and waters around Scot- European aquaculture (Olesen 1998), causing esti- land indicate that the virus is endemic in these wa- mated losses of £40 million pounds per year in ters. The VHSV isolates originating from wild 1991 (Hill 1992). The economic consequences of marine fish show no to low pathogenicity to rainbow VHS outbreaks on two Danish fish farms in 2000 trout and Atlantic salmon, although several are producing approximately 165 tonnes rainbow trout, pathogenic for turbot.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenland Halibut
    Greenland halibut K. Nedreaas1 and O. Smirnov2: Stock characteristics, fisheries and management of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum) in the northeast Arctic 1Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 2Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO), 6 Knipovich Street, 183763 Murmansk, Russia Authorship equal Abstract Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum)) are widely distributed over wide geographic areas of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, with no break in the continuity of the distribution from the arctic Frans Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya archipelagos in the north and east to beyond the boreal Shetland Islands in the south. Although the entire Greenland halibut resource in the North Atlantic is genetically homogeneous, they comprise a single interbreeding stock in the Barents Sea and Norwegian Sea areas, which is known as the Northeast Arctic stock. In general, and for most of the year, larger fish become more abundant and smaller fish less abundant in progressively deeper water with peak abundance occurring over a depth range of 400-1 000 m. But during the spring and summer, the mature and bigger fish may be shallower. Greenland halibut in the Northeast Atlantic were observed to be most abundant in bottom temperatures mainly between 0º C and 4º C. The fishery for Greenland halibut in the Northeast Arctic was unregulated until 1992, although since 1995 catches have substantially exceeded those advised. The spawning stock size reached historically low levels during the 1990s and recruitment to the spawning stock remained uncertain. The stock is now showing clear signs of improvement, and is at present rebuilt to above the long-term average of the past 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Cephalopod Distributions and Their Associated Predatorspor 146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A
    Arctic cephalopod distributions and their associated predatorspor_146 209..227 Kathleen Gardiner & Terry A. Dick Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Keywords Abstract Arctic Ocean; Canada; cephalopods; distributions; oceanography; predators. Cephalopods are key species of the eastern Arctic marine food web, both as prey and predator. Their presence in the diets of Arctic fish, birds and mammals Correspondence illustrates their trophic importance. There has been considerable research on Terry A. Dick, Biological Sciences, University cephalopods (primarily Gonatus fabricii) from the north Atlantic and the west of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, side of Greenland, where they are considered a potential fishery and are taken Canada. E-mail: [email protected] as a by-catch. By contrast, data on the biogeography of Arctic cephalopods are doi:10.1111/j.1751-8369.2010.00146.x still incomplete. This study integrates most known locations of Arctic cepha- lopods in an attempt to locate potential areas of interest for cephalopods, and the predators that feed on them. International and national databases, museum collections, government reports, published articles and personal communica- tions were used to develop distribution maps. Species common to the Canadian Arctic include: G. fabricii, Rossia moelleri, R. palpebrosa and Bathypolypus arcticus. Cirroteuthis muelleri is abundant in the waters off Alaska, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Although distribution data are still incomplete, groupings of cephalopods were found in some areas that may be correlated with oceanographic variables. Understanding species distributions and their interactions within the ecosys- tem is important to the study of a warming Arctic Ocean and the selection of marine protected areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gully Marine Protected Area Data Assessment
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2015/056 Maritimes Region The Gully Marine Protected Area Data Assessment K. Allard1, N. Cochrane2, K. Curran2, D. Fenton2, T. Koropatnick2, C. Gjerdrum3, B.J.W. Greenan2, E. Head2, P. Macnab2, H. Moors-Murphy2, A. Serdynska2, M.K. Trzcinski2, M. Vaughan4, and H. Whitehead5 Edited by A. Moore2 1 Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada 17 Waterfowl Lane, Sackville, NB E4L 1G6 2 Bedford Institute of Oceanography Fisheries and Oceans Canada P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth NS B2Y 4A2 3 Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada 45 Alderney Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 2N6 4 Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Blvd., BC V6T 1Z4 5 Department of Biology Dalhousie University 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1 December 2015 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Research documents are produced in the official language in which they are provided to the Secretariat. Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat 200 Kent Street Ottawa ON K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2015 ISSN 1919-5044 Correct citation for this publication: Allard, K., Cochrane, N., Curran, K., Fenton, D., Koropatnick, T., Gjerdrum, C., Greenan, B.J.W., Head, E., Macnab, P., Moors-Murphy, H., Serdynska, A., Trzcinski, M.K., Vaughan, M., and Whitehead, H.
    [Show full text]
  • National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce § 218.83
    National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce § 218.83 (b) The incidental take of marine (S) Risso’s dolphin (Grampus mammals under the activities identi- griseus)—1,306,404. fied in § 218.80(c) is limited to the fol- (T) Rough-toothed dolphin (Steno lowing species, by the identified meth- bredanensis)—5,911. od of take: (U) Sowerby’s beaked whale (1) Harassment (Level A and Level B) (Mesoplodon bidens)—63,156. for all Training and Testing Activities: (V) Sperm whale (Physeter (i) Mysticetes: macrocephalus)—82,282. (A) Blue whale (Balaenoptera (W) Spinner dolphin (Stenella musculus)—817. longirostris)—115,310. (B) Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera (X) Striped dolphin (Stenella edeni)—5,079. coerulealba)—1,222,149. (C) Fin whale (Balaenoptera (Y) True’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon physalus)—25,239. mirus)—99,123. (D) North Atlantic right whale (Z) White-beaked dolphin (Eubalaena glacialis)—955. (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)—16,400. (E) Humpback whale (Megaptera (iii) Pinnipeds: novaeangliae)—9,196. (A) Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)— (F) Minke whale (Balaenoptera 14,511. acutorostrata)—336,623. (B) Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)— (G) Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)— 39,519. 54,766. (C) Harp seal (Pagophilus (ii) Odontocetes: groenlanica)—16,319. (A) Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella (D) Hooded seal (Cystophora frontalis)—994,221. cristata)—1,472. (B) Atlantic white-sided dolphin (E) Ringed seal (Pusa hispida)—1,795. (Lagenorhynchus acutus)—206,144. (F) Bearded seal (Erignathus (C) Blainville’s beaked whale barbatus)—161. (Mesoplodon densirostris)—164,454. (2) Mortality (or lesser Level A in- (D) Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops jury) for all Training and Testing Ac- truncatus)—1,570,031.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Eastern Scotian Shelf Ecosystem
    Maritimes Region Ecosystem Status Report 2003/004 State of the Eastern Scotian Shelf Ecosystem Background The Eastern Scotian Shelf, comprising NAFO Div. 4VW, is a large geographic area (~108,000 km 2) supporting a wide range of ocean uses such as fisheries, oil and gas exploration and development, and shipping. It is currently the focus for the development of an integrated management plan intended to harmonize the conduct of the various ocean use activities within it (referred to as Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management or ESSIM). The area is unique for having a year-round closure for directed fishing of groundfish since 1987, associated Summary with Emerald and Western Banks. In addition, The Many features of the Eastern Scotian Shelf Gully has been declared a pilot marine protected ecosystem have changed dramatically area. during the past thirty years: The Eastern Scotian Shelf consists of a series of • A major cooling event of the bottom outer shallow banks and inner basins separated by waters occurred in the mid-1980s that gullies and channels. The mean surface circulation is persisted for a decade and recent dominated by southwestward flow, much of which intensive stratification in the surface originates from the Gulf of St. Lawrence with anticyclonic circulation tending to occur over the layer has been apparent; both banks and cyclonic circulation around the basins. The phenomena are associated with flow northeastern region of the Shelf is the southern- most from upstream areas. limit of winter sea ice in the Atlantic Ocean. • The index of zooplankton abundance This document provides an assessment of the current was low in the decade of the 1990s state of the Eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales
    1994-1998 Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales Compiled by Randall R. Reeves and Stephen Leatherwood ,;•/• Zm^LJ,^^.,.^' nh' k.''-'._-tf;s»s=i^" lUCN lUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group 1994 014 c. 2 lUCN The Worid Conservation Union 1994-1998 Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales Compiled by Randall R. Reeves and Stephen Leatherwood lUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group lUCN >\ Tha Worid Consarvstion Union SPEC its SURVIVAL COMMISMOM i.f«i«u,<^c>™.. WWF Chic«oZoolo,itJS<Kiciy .>r< . FiMESMH^EDsnnB X,'^'„„»^ .o«iitv.i,oN lociiT, ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales: 1994-1998 was made possible through the generous support of: Chicago Zoological Society DEJA, Inc. Greenpeace Environmental Trust Ocean Park Conservation Foundation People's Trust for Endangered Species Peter Scott lUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund (Sultanate of Oman) U.S. Marine Mammal Commission Whale & Dolphin Conservation Society World Wide Fund for Nature © 1994 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational and other non-commercial purposes is authorized without permission from the copyright holder, provided the source is cited and the copyright holder receives a copy of the reproduced material. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. This document should be cited as: Reeves, R.R. and Leathenwood, S. 1994. Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales: 1994-1998 Action Plan for the Conservation of Cetaceans. lUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 92 pp. ISBN 2-8317-0189-9 Published by lUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
    [Show full text]