DOCSLIB.ORG

Field T Rip Guide Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field T Rip Guide Book Volume n° 1 - from PR01 to B15 32nd INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT FROM THE INDIAN PLATE TO THE EAST HINDU KUSH, PAKISTAN Leaders: M. Gaetani, J.P. Burg, A. Zanchi, Q.M. Jan Field Trip Guide Book - PR01 Field Trip Florence - Italy August 20-28, 2004 Prestige Field Trip PR01 PR01_copertina_R_OK C 28-05-2004, 18:45:41 The scientific content of this guide is under the total responsibility of the Authors Published by: APAT – Italian Agency for the Environmental Protection and Technical Services - Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma - Italy Series Editors: Luca Guerrieri, Irene Rischia and Leonello Serva (APAT, Roma) English Desk-copy Editors: Paul Mazza (Università di Firenze), Jessica Ann Thonn (Università di Firenze), Nathalie Marléne Adams (Università di Firenze), Miriam Friedman (Università di Firenze), Kate Eadie (Freelance indipendent professional) Field Trip Committee: Leonello Serva (APAT, Roma), Alessandro Michetti (Università dell’Insubria, Como), Giulio Pavia (Università di Torino), Raffaele Pignone (Servizio Geologico Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna) and Riccardo Polino (CNR, Torino) Acknowledgments: The 32nd IGC Organizing Committee is grateful to Roberto Pompili and Elisa Brustia (APAT, Roma) for their collaboration in editing. Graphic project: Full snc - Firenze Layout and press: Lito Terrazzi srl - Firenze PR01_copertina_R_OK D 24-05-2004, 15:46:48 Volume n° 1 - from PR01 to B15 32nd INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESS A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT FROM THE INDIAN PLATE TO THE EAST HINDU KUSH, PAKISTAN AUTHORS: M. Gaetani1, J.P. Burg 2, A. Zanchi3, Q.M. Jan4 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio”, Università di Milano - Italy 2 Geologisches Institut, ETH Zürich - Switzerland 3 Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università di Milano-Bicocca - Italy 4 Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar - Pakistan Florence - Italy August 20-28, 2004 Prestige Field Trip PR01 PR01_R_OK A 24-05-2004, 15:50:31 Front Cover: Panoramic view of the Chateboy Glacier and Koyo Zom (6871) from the Vidiakot area (Baroghil, upper Yarkhun Valley, Pakistan) PR01_R_OK B 24-05-2004, 15:50:33 A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT FROM THE INDIAN PLATE TO THE E HINDU KUSH, PAKISTAN PR01 Leaders: M. Gaetani, J.P. Burg, A. Zanchi, Q.M. Jan Introduction Maps. Topographic maps: Pakistan 1: 500,000, Sheets The fi eldtrip provides a geological cross-section in Gilgit, Hunza, Tirich Mir, Peshawar. Northern Pakistan from the margin of the Indian Plate Geological maps. to the E Hindu Kush terrane, through the Kohistan Khan, K.S.A., Latif, M., Fayaz, A., Khan, N.A. and Island Arc and the Karakoram Range (Figs. 1 and 2). Khan, M.S.Z. (2000). Geological Road log along the The meeting of participants is scheduled for the Karakoram Highway: Islamabad to Khunjerab Pass. Figure 1 - Tectonic sketch map of Northern Pakistan and surrounding regions. Modifi ed from Zanchi et al., 2000 and Boulin, 1988. MFT: Main Frontal Thrust, MBT: Main Boundary Thrust, MMT: Main Mantle Thrust; SS: Shyok Suture; TMF: Tirich Mir Fault Zone, EHK East Hindu Kush, ACM Alitchur mountains, RPZ: Rushan-Pshart Zone; WAS: Wanch-Akbaital Suture, N-P: North Pamir, C-P: Central Pamir, SE-P: SE Pamir, SW-P: SW Pamir, WAZ: Waziristan, K: Kabul. 1: Quaternary, 2: Tertiary foredeeps, 3: Paleozoic belts, 4: Terranes of Gondwanan affi nity, 5: Kabul Block, 6: Wasser-Panjao Suture, 7: Waziristan ophiolitic complex, 8: Kohistan-Ladakh arc terranes, 9: Himalayas. Heavy lines represent main sutures. afternoon of 22 June in Rawalpindi-Islamabad. The Highways geological Map Series, Map N°1. itinerary will follow the Indus Valley up to near Gilgit Searle M.P. & Khan Asif M. (1996) – Geological Map (Northern Area), then it continues along the Gilgit of North Pakistan, 1: 650,000. River, crossing the Shandur Pass and entering the Le Fort P. & Gaetani M. (1998) – Introduction to North West Frontier Province (NWFT) at Mastuj. the Geological Map of Western Central Karakorum, Along the Yarkhun Valley up to the Baroghil Pass and North Pakistan Hindu Raj, Ghamubar, and Darkot PRO1 to B15 n° 1 - from Volume back to the town of Chitral (see back cover). Most Areas 1: 250,000 scale. Geologica, 1-68. of the travel is done by minibus and jeep, lodging in Le Fort, P. and Pêcher, A. (2002). An introduction to hotels. Five days however, along the upper Yarkhun the geological map of the area between Hunza and Valley are on foot, with overnight in tents. Arrival in Baltistan, Karakorum-Kohistan-Ladakh-Himalaya Rawalpindi-Islamabad scheduled for the evening of 7 region, Northern Pakistan (scale 1:150.000). July, to allow participants to fl y home the 8th of July. Geologica, 6/1, 1-199. 3 - PR01 PR01_R_OK 3 24-05-2004, 15:50:58 Leaders: M. Gaetani, J.P. Burg, A. Zanchi, Q.M. Jan PR01 Figure 2 - Satellite overview of the area crossed by the fi eld trip. Zanchi A., Gaetani M., Angiolini L., (in press) Much of the Phanerozoic shelf sequence (shales, – Geological Map of the NW Karakoram and E sandstones and limestones) is of Gondwana type, Hindu Kush, 1:100,000 scale. A pre-print copy will be starting in the Middle-Paleozoic. Early-Permian provided to the participants. magmatic ages of metabasaltic dikes and granite- gneiss intrusive into older Indian gneiss are evidence Regional geologic setting of pervasive magmatism during rifting (Anczkiewicz 1998, DiPietro & Isachsen 2001), which is associated The Indian Plate margin with the break-up of Gondwana. Rifting produced a The northernmost parts of the Indian continent crop suite of alkaline intrusions, including carbonatites out between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), to the (Kazmi & Jan 1997). Sedimentary records indicate south, and the Indus Suture to the North. Northern that the onset of extension tectonics is Early metamorphic units and a southern, fold-and-thrust Carboniferous (Pogue et al. 1992, Pogue et al. 1999). sedimentary belt constitute the so-called Lower- (or Marine shelf sedimentation was re-established in the Lesser-) Himalaya of Pakistan (Chaudhry et al. 1997). Late Triassic. The Mesozoic sedimentary history Altogether, it is a low-grade assemblage of a 20 km is that of carbonates deposited during thermal thick, imbricate thrust pile of Mesozoic sequences subsidence of a continental margin, on the southern originally deposited on the Indian continental crust side of Neo-Tethys. represented by mid-Proterozoic and Paleozoic All these rocks were deformed and metamorphosed gneisses and sediments. between 75 and 40 Ma (Treloar et al. 1989, Volume n° 1 - from PRO1 to B15 n° 1 - from Volume Cambrian stromatolitic dolomites record the Chamberlain et al. 1991). Subduction of at least parts epicontinental marine transgression on 1.5 - 2.2 Ga old of the Indian craton to depths equivalent to 27-32 remobilised gneisses. Around 500 Ma old granitoids, kbars at ca. 50 Ma is indicated from the occurrence, which have been deformed into orthogneiss (Le Fort in the Kaghan Valley, of coesite-bearing eclogites et al., 1980, Anczkiewicz 1998, DiPietro & Isachsen likely derived from basaltic Permian dykes (Tonarini 2001), record the widespread magmatic event of that et al. 1993, O’Brien et al. 2001, Kaneko et al. 2003). time, which is documented on all Gondwana-derived Thermochronologic studies suggest that before 13 continental blocks. Ma most of the Lower Himalaya rocks were located PR01 - PR01_R_OK 4 24-05-2004, 15:59:53 A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT FROM THE INDIAN PLATE TO THE EAST HINDU KUSH, PAKISTAN PR01 either beneath a paleo-foreland basin or beneath Main graywackes and volcanoclastic rocks form a probable Central Thrust (MCT)-related nappes. back-arc basin of Cretaceous age. They grade Molasse conglomerates siltstones and shales (termed upward into fi ne grained shales and tuffs and contain Siwalik or Sub-Himalaya sediments) lap onto the limestones with an Albian-Aptian fauna (Pudsey et Indian Shield. In detail the discontinuous series al. 1985). comprises most of the Cenozoic but there was a Volcanites (Chalt Volcanites) are calc-alkaline general lack of sedimentation during the Late Eocene andesites to rhyolites succeeding to andesitic lavas, and almost the entire Oligocene. This unconformity tuffs and agglomerates of Early Cretaceous age. of 15-20 Myr may refl ect an important change in Exceptionally well-preserved pillow lavas are orogenic processes. One interpretation involves the primitive island-arc-type, tholeiitic lavas that possibly passage of a fl exural forebulge migrating southward represent part of an ophiolite assemblage obducted through India. Late Oligocene to Early Miocene during the Kohistan-Asian collision. The size of this fl uvial formations record the emergence of the oceanic back arc basin (with respect to the Kohistan) Himalaya Mountains. is conjectural. - To the Southwest and within the Kohistan Complex, The Kohistan Island Arc Complex: metasedimentary sequence of deep marine origin Outline (Dir, Utror and Kalam Groups) yielded Eocene fossils The Kohistan terrane in NE Pakistan (Fig. 3) is in upper-level limestones. Depositional models regarded as a fossil island arc obducted between the point to rapid subsidence in Paleocene times in an collided Indian and Asian plates (Bard et al. 1980, extensional, restricted basin. Associated volcanic Tahirkheli et al., 1979). Owing to the admirable and volcanoclastic series are calc-alkaline basalts, quality of exposures, the Kohistan offers an unrivalled basaltic andesites and andesites, emphasising an arc opportunity to investigate the structure of an island environment (Sullivan et al. 1993). arc and related subduction processes (Bard 1983, Searle et al., 1999, Treloar et al., 1996). In particular, PLUTONIC CRUST numerous time markers in the form of intrusive bodies Kohistan batholith: is a name that gathers intrusive make the Kohistan an exceptional place to study the calc-alkaline granitoids. The fi rst plutonic stage is signifi cance of magmatic structures in the deep crust dated at ca 105 Ma.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications
    The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications By Name: Syeda Batool National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 1 The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications by Name: Syeda Batool M.Phil Pakistan Studies, National University of Modern Languages, 2019 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY in PAKISTAN STUDIES To FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN STUDIES National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad April 2019 @Syeda Batool, April 2019 2 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES THESIS/DISSERTATION AND DEFENSE APPROVAL FORM The undersigned certify that they have read the following thesis, examined the defense, are satisfied with the overall exam performance, and recommend the thesis to the Faculty of Social Sciences for acceptance: Thesis/ Dissertation Title: The Constitutional Status of Gilgit Baltistan: Factors and Implications Submitted By: Syed Batool Registration #: 1095-Mphil/PS/F15 Name of Student Master of Philosophy in Pakistan Studies Degree Name in Full (e.g Master of Philosophy, Doctor of Philosophy) Degree Name in Full Pakistan Studies Name of Discipline Dr. Fazal Rabbi ______________________________ Name of Research Supervisor Signature of Research Supervisor Prof. Dr. Shahid Siddiqui ______________________________ Signature of Dean (FSS) Name of Dean (FSS) Brig Muhammad Ibrahim ______________________________ Name of Director General Signature of
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Avifauna Present in Different Zones of Chitral Districts
    Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 4 A Study on Avifauna Present in Different Zones of Chitral Districts Madeeha Manzoor Center for Bioresource Research Adila Nazli Center for Bioresource Research, [email protected] Sabiha Shamim Center for Bioresource Research Fida Muhammad Khan Center for Bioresource Research Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Manzoor, M., Nazli, A., Shamim, S., & Khan, F. M. (2017). A Study on Avifauna Present in Different Zones of Chitral Districts, Journal of Bioresource Management, 4 (1). DOI: 10.35691/JBM.7102.0067 ISSN: 2309-3854 online (Received: May 29, 2019; Accepted: May 29, 2019; Published: Jan 1, 2017) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Study on Avifauna Present in Different Zones of Chitral Districts Erratum Added the complete list of author names © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Journal of Bioresource Management does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved. For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or Journal of Bioresource Management’s prior written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Changes in the Hindu Raj Mountains, Pakistan
    Environment and Natural Resources Journal 2019; 17(1): 63-77 Environmental Changes in the Hindu Raj Mountains, Pakistan Fazlul Haq1, Liaqat Ali Waseem1*, Fazlur-Rahman2, Ihsan Ullah2, Iffat Tabassum2 and Saima Siddiqui3 1Department of Geography, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan 2Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan 3Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: 24 Jun 2018 Global Environmental Change among the world’s mountains has become a field of Received in revised: interest for researchers and this issue has been widely studied in many parts of the 5 Sep 2018 world. This exploratory research aims to study the changes that have occurred and Accepted: 7 Sep 2018 are still occurring in the Hindu Raj Mountains of northern Pakistan, which is an Published online: unexplored region with a wide potential for research. To study the changes in 8 Oct 2018 DOI: 10.32526/ennrj.17.1.2019.07 various aspects of physical and social setup, five villages/sub-valleys were selected at varying altitudes above mean sea level. Changes in the bio-physical environment Keywords: were explored using remote sensing technology. It was found that drastic changes Global environmental change/ have taken place and are still going on in the natural environment as well as the Mountain environment/ socio-economic setup of the study area since 1970. The population of the study area Resource degradation/ Natural has increased by manifold resulting in changes in the household and family resource base/ Deforestation structure. Moreover, the land use land cover of the study area has changed considerably.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems Caused by Tourism in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan: a Study Based - on Local Community Perception
    Global Social Sciences Review (GSSR) Vol. IV, No. III (Summer 2019) | Page: 284 – 291 7 III).3 Problems Caused by Tourism in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan: A Study Based - on Local Community Perception PhD Scholar, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Anas Mahmud Arif Mansehra, Kp, Pakistan. Email: [email protected] Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Hazara University Shakir Ullah Mansehra, Kp, Pakistan. Director, Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Abdul Samad Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tourism being one of the greatest and fastest growing industries of the world is contributing Abstract significantly to the development of countries and the host communities. But this industry is facing many problems in most of the developing countries including Pakistan. Most of the issues are raised due to http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV lack of planning which not only dissatisfies the tourists but also has negative impacts on the local communities. Unplanned tourism not only affects the host guest relationship but also the tourism resources of an area. The study in hand is author’s part of PhD URL: Key Words research and highlights the problems of host regions caused by tourism in | | Pakistan, taking Kaghan valley as case study. The results of the study show Tourism, Kaghan Valley, 7 that if proper measures are not taken well in time, the unplanned tourism Problems, Tourists, Local will destroy the natural and socio-cultural environment of the valley very III).3 - Community, Tourism soon. Resources, Socio Cultural Environments 10.31703/gssr.2019(IV Introduction Pakistan is bestowed with a lot of natural and cultural resources which can be utilized for tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Flow Variability of the Indus River
    resources Article Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Flow Variability of the Indus River Muhammad Arfan 1,* , Jewell Lund 2, Daniyal Hassan 3 , Maaz Saleem 1 and Aftab Ahmad 1 1 USPCAS-W, MUET Sindh, Jamshoro 76090, Pakistan; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (A.A.) 2 Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +92-346770908 or +1-801-815-1679 Received: 26 April 2019; Accepted: 29 May 2019; Published: 31 May 2019 Abstract: Considerable controversy exists among researchers over the behavior of glaciers in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) with regard to climate change. Glacier monitoring studies using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques have given rise to contradictory results for various reasons. This uncertain situation deserves a thorough examination of the statistical trends of temperature and streamflow at several gauging stations, rather than relying solely on climate projections. Planning for equitable distribution of water among provinces in Pakistan requires accurate estimation of future water resources under changing flow regimes. Due to climate change, hydrological parameters are changing significantly; consequently the pattern of flows are changing. The present study assesses spatial and temporal flow variability and identifies drought and flood periods using flow data from the Indus River. Trends and variations in river flows were investigated by applying the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s method. We divide the annual water cycle into two six-month and four three-month seasons based on the local water cycle pattern.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Scenario and Threats to Ichthyo-Diversity in the Foothills of Hindu Kush: Addition to the Checklist of Coldwater Fishes of Pakistan
    Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 48(1), pp. 285-288, 2016. Short Communication Current Scenario and Threats to Ichthyo-Diversity in the Foothills of Hindu Kush: Addition to the Checklist of Coldwater Fishes of Pakistan Arif Jan,* Abdul Rab, Rooh Ullah, Hussain Shah, Haroon, Iftikhar Ahmad, Muhammad Younas and Ikram Ullah Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper. Article Information Received 16 January 2015 A B S T R A C T Revised 9 August 2015 Accepted 19 September 2015 Chitral, the pinnacle of Hindu Kush, draining 31 notable glaciers, is least studied for Ichthyo-faunal Available online 1 January 2016 diversity. This work explored the fish fauna and the risk factors for the Ichthyo-faunal diversity loss Authors’ Contributions at the foothills of Hindu Kush. A total of 21 fish species were collected from different parts and AJ has conducted the field work, tributaries of River Chitral, from Shandur up to Arandu, extending to Afghanistan border. Our analyzed the data and wrote the collection reported 4 fish species for the first time from Pakistan, namely Acanthocobitis article. HS, H and IA helped in the uropthalmus, Lepidopygnosis typus, Horalabiosa palaniensis, Horalabiosa joshuai. One species field work arrangements. MY, RU namely Nangra robusta is reported for the first time from River Chitral. Alluvial nature of rocks, and IU helped in literature search. construction of hydro projects and duck ponds, introduction of exotic species, erosion and AR helped in identification. sedimentation of rivers and streams, illegal fishing, and effluent discharges are the major concerns. Major threats to biodiversity loss need to be addressed for proper conservation of biodiversity as a Key words whole and Ichthyo-diversity in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Chitral Case Study April 26.Inddsec2:24 Sec2:24 4/27/2007 1:38:17 PM C H I T R a L
    Chapter 3 Observing and Experiencing Flash Floods ocal knowledge on disaster preparedness in the Chitral the mountains. […] The fl ood blocked the river for 10 minutes District of Pakistan includes aspects related to people’s and it became a big lake and destroyed a water mill. The fl ood Lobservation and experience of fl ash fl oods, anticipation of continued until 9 pm. Some big stones are still stuck inside the fl oods, adjustment strategies, and communication strategies. valley.” (Narrated by Islamuddin, Aziz Urahman, Gul Muhammad Jan, Rashidullah, Khan Zarin and Ghulam Jafar, Gurin village, The people of Chitral have knowledge about the history and Gurin Gole, Shishi Koh valley, Lower Chitral) nature of fl ash fl oods in their own locality based on daily observation of their local surroundings, close ties to their “We were ready to take our goats up to the higher pastures environment for survival, and an accumulated understanding when eight days of discontinuous heavy rain fell from June 30th of their environment through generations. They have learned till July 9th 1978. We shifted our animals and family members to interpret their landscape and the physical indicators of past during that period to a nearby village. On July 7th, the river fl ash fl oods. They can also describe and explain how their own started to build up in the main course and to spill over. Some vulnerability to fl oods has changed over time. houses were destroyed. On July 9th even more houses were destroyed. The main fl ow came during the night of July 9th”.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan
    The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 ii The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan PhD Thesis Submitted by Ehsan Mehmood Khan, PhD Scholar Regn. No. NDU-PCS/PhD-13/F-017 Supervisor Dr Muhammad Khan This Dissertation is submitted to National Defence University, Islamabad in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies Department of Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Faculties of Contemporary Studies (FCS) National Defence University (NDU) Islamabad 2017 iii Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for Doctor of Philosophy in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) Department NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY Islamabad- Pakistan 2017 iv CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION It is certified that the dissertation titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” written by Ehsan Mehmood Khan is based on original research and may be accepted towards the fulfilment of PhD Degree in Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS). ____________________ (Supervisor) ____________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By ______________________ ____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) v AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis titled “The Role of Geography in Human Security: A Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan” is based on my own research work. Sources of information have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathan in Gilgit, Northern Pakistan
    he boundary in between is indeed clearcut. But still, ambivalence remains ecause people can pass across the boundary. After giving an overview about Pathän in Gilgit and about relations etween Pathän and people of Gilgit, I will mainly focus on stereotypes setting he two groups apart from each other. Martin Sökefeld Gilgit Gilgit is the largest town of the high mountain area of Himalaya and STEREOTYPESAND BOUNDARIES: J{arakorum call.ed the "Northern Areas of Pakistan". Since 1947, the region has PATHÄN IN GILGIT, NORTHERN PAKISTAN governed by Pakistan. Gilgit is situated at a strategical position where . and routes from different directions meet. Mostly due to this position it been both center of power and target for conquest. For aproximately one a half centuries, Gilgit has been ruled by "foreign" powers, be they rulers "Pathän are dealing in heroin, weapons and everything. Because of them it neighbouring petty kingdoms Jike Yasin, a regional power Jike Kashmir, pened that every boy is carrying his own pistol. They think about nothing · · empire Iike Great Britain or a post-colonial state like Pakistan. about how to make money. They totally control the trade in Gilgit. They Gilgit's population is extremely diversified along various dimensions of all the trouble!" (Nusrat Wali, a young man from Gilgit) The people Jiving in Gilgit group themselves into innumerable delimited for example by religion, language, descent, regional be­ Introduction: Groups and boundaries and/or quasi-kinship. To take only one dimension of difference: fifteen mother tongues are spoken among roughly 40000 inhabitants. 1 Identity groups need boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Dice Snakes in the Western Himalayas: Discussion of Potential Expansion Routes of Natrix Tessellata After Its Rediscovery in Pakistan
    SALAMANDRA 49(4) 229–233 30 December 2013CorrespondenceISSN 0036–3375 Correspondence Dice Snakes in the western Himalayas: discussion of potential expansion routes of Natrix tessellata after its rediscovery in Pakistan Konrad Mebert 1 & Rafaqat Masroor 2 1) Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland 2) Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000-Islamabad, Pakistan Corresponding author: Konrad Mebert, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 3 September 2012 The dice snake (Natrix tessellata) has a large distribution stan Museum of Natural History and other experts in dif- range, extending from central (Germany) and southern Eu- ferent parts of northern Pakistan failed to find this species rope (Italy, Balkans) in the west, south to Egypt, and east as (e.g., Baig 2001, Khan 2002, Masroor 2012). far as northwestern China and Afghanistan (Mebert 2011a During recent herpetological surveys of wetlands con- and refs. therein). From Pakistan, N. tessellata has been doc- ducted in the framework of the Pakistan Wetlands Pro- umented only once (Wall 1911) with three specimens from gramme (PWP) by WWF-Pakistan, a single female an altitude of ca. 6,000 feet a.s.l. (~ 1,830 m) near Mastuj, of N. tessellata was collected at 1,845 m a.s.l. from the Tehsil of District Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Gahkuch Wetlands of Ghizer District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pa- The only female, collected between 14 and 22 July 1910, laid kistan, on 20 August 2011. The dice snake was preserved as two eggs and subsequently died.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountains of the Thui Gol Dave Broadhead
    Mountains of the Thui Gall Dave Broadhead The Hindu Raj range lies between the Chitral slopes of the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram, and the upper reaches of the Yarkun and the Indus rivers. Part of the Gilgit Agency, Tom Longstaff first appraised the mountaineering potential while stationed there in 1916-17. 'On the northern frontier of Yasin lie some of the finest mountains in the Hindu Kush. To the west are the Thui peaks and to the north the Darkot group; five peaks from over 20,000 to over 22,000 feet' (This my Voyage 1950205). The area was sub­ sequently visited by R. C. F. Schomberg, who introduced the name Hindu Raj (A] 251 316). Translated as Hindu Rule, we found this incongruous name offended many Muslims. In Rawalpindi our expedition title, discreetly painted on the door of our van, was daubed over by an indignant Pak istani. In Gilgit and Yasin the area is known simply as Thui. The Japanese began serious exploration in 1956, and developments to 1970 are described in detail by Or. A. Diemberger, tireless collator and willing source of information on the area (Himalayan journal XXXI 310). The main ridge of high peaks runs N, then takes a sharp turn E, providing the frontier line between Chitral and Kashmir. Access from the Yasin side via Gilgit has previously presented a problem in obtaining permission, with the Pakistan government favouring the longer approach to the northern glaciers via Chitral. Following an extensive reconnaisance in 1967, Or GeraldGruber published fi ne panoramas of the Thui peaks, tak en from the N (Aj 316 55).
    [Show full text]
  • Debris Flow Hazard in Chitral
    Landform Control on Debris Flow Hazards Hindukush Himalayas Chitral District, N. Pakistan M. Asif Khan & M. Haneef National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Pakistan Objectives: • Identify Debris Flow Hazards on Alluvial Fan Landforms Approaches: • Satellite Images and Field Observations • Morphometric Analysis of Drainage vs Depositional Basins Outcomes: • Develop Understanding of Debris Flow Processes for General Awareness & Mitigation through Engineering Solutions 2 Chitral District, Hindukush Range • Physiography • Habitats • Natural Hazards Quaternary Landforms Mass Movement Landforms • Types • Controlling Tributary Streams • Morphometery Landform Control on Debris Flow Hazards Kohistan N Tibet Himalayas Chitral R. Pamir Knot Hindu Kush 4 Pamirs CHITRAL 5 Physiography •Eastern Hindukush 5500-7500 m high (Tirich Mir Peak 7706 m) Climate •Hindu Raj 5000-7000 m high •34% are above 4500 m asl, with 10% under permanent snow cover •Minimum altitude 1070 m at Arandu. •Relief ranges from 3200 to 6000 m at the eastern face of the Tirich Mir. Climate •high-altitude continental, classified as arid to semi-arid 6 CHITRAL 7 Hindu Raj Chitral Valley Tirich Mir (5706 m) SE NW 8 Upper Chitral Valley, N. Pakistan N 9 10 11 DEBRIS FLOW HAZARD Venzuella Debris Flow- 1999 Deaths: 50,000 Persons affected: 331,164 Homeless: 250,000 Disappeared persons: 7,200 Housing units affected: 63,935 Housing units destroyed: 23,234 12 13 Debris Flow Hazards Settings in Chitral Habitation restricted to River-Bank Terraces Terraced Landforms Flood Plain Recent Alluvial/Debris Fans Remnants of Glacial Moraines Remnant Inter-glacial and Post- Glacial Alluvial fans Chitral R. Recent Debris Flow BUNI 14 N Bedrock Lithologies: PF Purit Fm (S.St; Congl,Shale) DF Drosh Fm (Green Schist) MZ Mélange Zone (Ultramafic blocks, AF6 volcanic rocks, slate) Alluvial Fan Terraces AFT-1-4 Remnant Fans AFT-5,6 Active Fans LFT Lake sediment Terraces Multi-Stage Landform Terraces, Drosh, Chitral, Pakistan 15 Classification of Landforms, Chitral, N.
    [Show full text]