April 24, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10483 SENATE-Wednesday, April 24, 1968 The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING There being no objection, the excerpt and was called to order by the President SENATE SESSION was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, pro tempore. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, as follows: The Chaplain,. Rev. Frederick Brown I ask unanimous consent that the Com PURPOSE OF THE BILL Harris, D.D., offered the following mittee on the Judiciary be authorized to H.R. 15344 would extend for 2 additional prayer: meet during the session of the Senate years the authority of the Federal Reserve Board to purchase public debt obligations di Eternal God, who committest to us the today. rectly from the Treasury up to a limit of $5 swift and solemn trust of life, since we The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With billion outstanding at any one time. nus au know not what a day may bring forth, out objection, it is so ordered. thority, which would otherwise expire on but only that the hour for serving Thee is Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, June 30, 1968, was first granted in its present always present, may we wake to the in I ask unanimous consent that the Sub form in 1942 for a temporary period. It has committee on Executive Reorganization been renewed by the Congress on 13 separate stant claims of Thy holy will; not wait occasions since that time. While the direct ing for tomorrow, but yielding today. of the Committee on Government Oper purchase authority has been· used sparingly Consecrate with Thy presence the way ations be authorized to meet during the over the years, It has proven to be essential our feet may go; and the humblest work session of the Senate today. to efficient financial management. will shine, and the roughest places be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With Continuation of the direct purchase au made plain. Lift us above unrighteous out objection, it is so ordered. thority is necessary for three reasons: anger and mistrust to faith, and hope, Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, One, the direct purchase authority per- I ask unanimous consent that the Com . mits the Treasury to maintain lower cash and charity. balances since any temporary or seasonal Hasten, we beseech Thee, through us, mittee on Agriculture and Forestry be authorized to meet during the session of shortage could be accommodated through the day of an ampler life for all, when the Senate today. direct borrowing from the Federal Reserve every man shall dwell in safety among System. By maintaining a lower level of cash The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With balances, the Interest expenses on the na his neighbors, free from gnawing want, out objection, it is so ordered. free from torturing fears. tional debt are correspondingly reduced; Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, Two, the direct purchase authority per "We pledge our hopes, our faith, our I ask unanimous consent that the Sub mits the Treasury an alternative source of lives, committee on Government Research of borrowing when conditions in the money That freedom shall not die: the Committee on Government Opera markets are temporarily unfavorable. The tions be authorized to meet during the Treasury is able to postpone for a short time We pray Thy guidance, strength, and market borrowing when such borrowing grace: session of the Senate today. could be extremely disruptive; Almighty God on high." The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With Third, the direct purchase authority Is a out objection, it is so ordered. For Thine is the kingdom, and the big element in our financial planning for Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, a national defense emergency. In these cir power, and the glory. Amen. I understand that objection will be made cumstances, the Government could need an to the next request, but in view of the immediate and ready source of cash at a fact that the request was made, I am time when our financial markets were seri THE JOURNAL going to ask it, anyWay. ously disrupted. It is for this reason that an authority as large as $5 blllion Is required Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the although such a large amount has never I ask unanimous consent that the read Committee on Labor and Public Welfare been used. ing of the Journal of the proceedings of be authorized to meet during the session Tuesday, April 23, 1968, be dispensed of the Senate today. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, by request, THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN with. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With I shall have to objec-t· to the request of out objection, it is so ordered. the acting majority leader. The Senate proceeded to consider the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Ob bill (S. 1864) to define and regulate the jection is heard. practice of psychology in the District of MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Columbia which had been reported from the Committee on the District of Co Messages in writing from the President THE CALENDAR lumbia, with an amendment, to strike of the United States were communicated Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi out all after the enacting clause and to the Senate by Mr. Geisl_er, one of his dent, I ask unanimous consent that the insert: secretaries. Senate proceed to the consideration of That this Act may be cited as the "Prac three unobjected to bills which have been tice of Psychology Act". on the Calendar since April 10, 1968. SEc. 2. The practice of psychology in the EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED They are Calendar Nos. 1073, 1074, and District of Columbia is hereby declared to 1075. affect the public health, safety, and welfare, As in executive session, and to be subject to regulation and control The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. in the public Interest to protect the public fore the Senate messages from the Presi TALMADGE in the chair). Is there objec from the unauthorized and unqualified prac dent of the United states submitting tion? The Chair hears none, and it is so tice of psychology, and from unprofessional several sundry nominations, which were ordered. conduct by persons licensed to practice referred to the Committee on Armed psychology. Services. - SEc. 3. As used in this Act: PURCHASE OF U.S. OBLIGATIONS (A) "Commissioner" means the Commis (For nomina;tions this day received, see sioner of the District of Columbia or his the end of Senate pr:oceedings.) The bill (H.R. 15344) to amend sec tion 14(b) of the Federal Reserve Act, authorized agent or agents. (B) "Person" includes an association, as amended, to extend for 2 years the partnership, or corporation, as well as. nat LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR authority of Federal Reserve banks to ural persons. ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE purchase U.S. obligations directly from (C) "Accredited college or university" MORNING BUSINESS the Treasury was considered, ordered to means any college or university which, In the a third reading, read the third time, and Commissioner's determination, offers either Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, passed. an acceptable full-time resident graduate program of study in psychology leading to I ask unanimous consent that statements Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask the doctoral degree, or a comparable pro in relation to the transaction of routine unanimous consent to have printed in gram. In making his determination concern morning business be limited to 3 minutes. the RECORD an excerpt from the report ing domestic educational Institutions, the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With (No. 1091), explaining the purposes of Commissioner shall accredit those institu out objection, it is so ordered. - the bill. tions included in the listings of approved 10484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, 1968 academic institutions public by the United the practice of psychology in the District date of his certification or licensure, to the States Office of Education; in determining of Columbia, for the granting and renewal of Tequirements of this Act, or (2) who meets what foreign educational institutions shall such licenses and certificates, for the prepara the requirements of subsections (A) and (B) be accredited the Commissioner may take tion and administration of oral and written of section 7 and resides in a State or terri into aceount the published lists of accredit examinations, and for other matters related tory of the United States, o-r in a foreign ing .agencies and of professional .associations. ·to the purposes of this Act. country or province which does not grant (D) "The practice of psychology,. is the (B) The Commissioner may appoint a licenses or certificates to psychologists, may rendering of .or of!ering to render to the pub BoaTd of Psychologist Examiners. Each mem be employed or invited b,y a person who is lic for a .fee. monetary or otherwise, any serv ber shall be a citizen of the United States, a resident of .or maintains a place o! work ice invol'Vlng "the application of established licensed under the provisions of this Act, in the District of Columbia to offer profes methods and principles o~ the science and. who shall either be a resident of the District sional services in said District for a. total of profession of psychology, except as provided of Columbia or have worked in the District not more than .sixty days in any calendar year in sections 5 and 20 of this Aot. These prin of Columbia for at least two years preceding without holding a. license issued under this ciples and methods are concern·ed with un appointment to the Board. The initial ap Act. Upon arrival in the District of Colum derstanding, predicting, .and chrulging be pointees .shall be psychologists eligible for bia, such a psychologist shall report to the havior, .and they include, but are not re licensure under provisions of this Act. Commissioner with respe<:t to the nature and stricted to, the use of counseling and (C) The Commissioner shall maintain: (1) duration of his professional activities in the psychotherapy with groups or individuals a TeCord of licenses and certificates granted District as well as the name of the person having adjustment problems ln the areas of and refused and of licenses and certificates who has requested him to render services~ work, fam.lly, BChool, and persona-l relation revoked or suspended which record shall be A psychologist claiming exemption under ships; measurtng, testing, and assessing apti available to the public; and {2) a. complete the provisions of this section who offers pro tudes, skills, public opinion, attitudes, emo r~ord of all hearings conducted pursuant fessional services in :the District of Columbia tions, personality~ and intelligence; teaching to section 15(B) in connection with the for more than twenty days in any calendar or lecturing in psychology -and doing researcb denial, suspension, or revocation of a Uc.ense. yea.r shall :file with the Commissioner evi on problems relating to human behavior. A transcript of an entry in a record of dence of his right to such exemption. Upon (E) Nothing in subsection (D) shall be hearing, properly certified, shall be prima proof of that right, to the satisfaction of tbe construed as _permitting either the adminis facie evidence of the facts therein stated. Commissioner. tb._e Commissioner shall enter tration or prescription of drugs or any in SEc. '7. The Commissioner shall grant a the n ame of the applicant in a register kept fringement upon the practice of medicine as license to practice psychology to each ap for that purpose and .shall issue to the defined by the Healing Arts Practice Act of plicant who submits Btl.tlsfttetory pr'OOf that- applicant a certificate in evidence oi such the Distrlet of Columbia, approved February (A) he is of good moral character; registration. 27, 1929 ( 4:5 Stat. 1326) , as amended. (B) he holds eith~r (1) a doctoral degree SEc. 11. The Commissioner may, in his dis SEC. 4. The psychologist -who engages in in psychology from an accredited college or ·c.retion, waive all or part of the examination practice is ·expected to assist his client in university and has completed two years of required under section 7(C) of this Act when obtaining professional help for all relevant postgraduate experience acceptable to the the applicant .has ( 1) achieved a position of aspects of the cUent•s problem that fall out Commissioner, such two years not to include eminence in the pTactlce of psychology .and side of the boundaries of the psychologist's terms of Internship, or ~2) a doctoral degree has demonstrated, over a number of years, own · competence; for example, provision in a field related 'to psychology from an ac competence in areas covered by the examina should be made for the 'Cliagnosis and treat credited -coll~ge or university, plus two years tion, or (2) has been certi:fled by a national ment .of relevant medical problems by an ap of postgraduate ,experience: Provided, That examining board: Provictect, That the exami propriate, qualit\ed. medical practitioner. his experience and training .are -considered nation given by the national examining board SEc. 5. It shan be unlawful for any person by the Commissioner to be comparable to the was as effective for the testing of professional to practiee or to offer to praetfce psychology~ requirements set forth in CB) p) of this competence as that required in the District of or to represent blmself to be a psych'Ologist, subsection; Columbia. unless he shall 1lrst obtain a lieen~e or cer ( C) he has passed an examination, writ SEc. 12. The District t>f Columbia Council ttfteate ptm~uant to this A-ct, except as here ten or oral or both. the 'Scope and fomt of is authorized to make regulations to carry out Inafter provided. which 'Shall be determined by the Commis the purpas.:::s of this Act, and, after public (A) Nothing ln this Aet ehall be oonstrued. sioner: PrOVided, 'That at any given examin-a hearings, to fix, increase, or decrease fees to be to limit the activities of and use of the title tion session all .examinations shall be uni ~harged..for .services performed by the District "psychologist" by a. person in the employ of form; and government pursuant to the provisions of any governmental agency, academic lnstitu (D) his application has been accompanied tbis Act, in such amounts as may, in the tlon. cbarita.ble agency~ r-esearch laboratory, by the necessary fees. judgment of the Council, be reasonably nec or busmess corporation: ProtJicted, That the SEC. 8... Within i>D.e yeaT from and after the essary to defray the approximate cost of ad .services performed by sucll an employee -are effective date of -tb.ls Aet, a. Ucense shall be ministering this Act. a part of .his afflce .or position and are pro issued without examination to any .applicant SEc. 13. Every person licensed or certified vided only within the .confines of the orga who is of good moral character, who either to practice psychology who desires to con nization or are offered to llke organizations. maintains a residence or office, or partici tinue the practice of psychology -shall 'an Persons pravldtng 'Services 1io the pubUc pates in psycho1ogical activities, as deter nually pay the required fee for which there through governmental organlza.tione, ~ch ft8 mined by the Commissioner, within the Will be issued~ -renewal o! licensure or cez'ti:fl clinlcs, ,ho are compensated by their em District of Columbia, who has submitted an ca.te. The Commis&ioner shall provide a ployer ra'tber 'than their clients are al.ao -application for llcenBi! accompaniOO by the wrltten r-eminder of the .renewal date to every exempted under the Act. Persons coming un :required fee. '8Jld who hold.s- person licensed or registered under this Act, der the exemptions established by thls sub (A) a doetaral degree in psychology !rom which reminder shall be mailed at least one section may offer lecture services to the pub an .accredited college a: unlYerslty or other month in advance. A license or certificate not lic for a !ee but may not offer other psyCho doctoral -degree acceptable to the Commis properly renewed as herein provided shall logical services to the publlc tor a fee wlth .sloner. and bas completed at least one year of lapse. The COmmissioner ;sh'all have the rlght out ha'Vi.Dg obtalned a license. postgraduate experience not including terms to reinstate a lapsed license or certificate (B) Nothing in th1s Act .shall be construed of internship; or upon payment of the renewal f-ee plus a pen to llmlt the .acttvlties of .a student lntexn, or {B) a ma'Ster's degree ln psychology from '8Jty f.ee. A psychologist who wishes to place resldent 1n psychology. puraulng a course -an accredited college or university, and has his license upon an inactive status may do .so of study or research wlth an acc.re.dlte~ col engaged in psychological pr.acti.ce acceptable by submitting notice thereof to the Commis lege. university, or kaining center; Provi.ded,. to the Commissioner for five years after the sioner. Sueh a psychol~gistmay reaetivate.h18 That such activities are supervised as p.art attainment of his .highest -degree. license by payment of the renewal fee herein of his course of .study~ and he is designated SEc. 9. The Commissioner may, in his dis required unless hls license has been inactive by such title as "psyc.hology lnter.n,'' psy :cretion, grant a license without examina for a period exceeding :five years, in which chology trainee.'' or other title clearly in tion, .on payment of the requir-ed iee, to any \ease he will be required to furnish the Com dicating trainee status. person 'Who .at the t1me of appllcation is missioner evidence of his competence to eon (C) Nothing in this Act sh1Ul prevent the licensed or eertified under ~he laws of -a tinue or resume the practice of psychology. employment by a. per.son iurnishing psycho State or territory of the United States, or of SEc. 14. The Commissioner may refuse, re logical services for remuneration, .of .an 1n a foreign country or province whose :stand voke, or suspend licensure or cert.ifi~tion tt d1 vidual not llcensed as a psycbalogis.t under ards, in the opinion a! the .Commissioner, the per.son app1ylng or the person licensed. the provlskms of this Act to &SSist in the w.ere substantially equivalent at th~ date of or certified be: periormance of psychnlog4caJ and other .sen auch certification m- licensure. to the require (A) convicted of a crime in-vol'Ving moral ices. if such indivUlua.l works under the ments of this Act. turpitude; supervlslon .of a lU:ensed psychologi&t who SEc. 10. A psychologist who is not licensed {B) !ound to be usin,g any drug or any assumes .full responslbiUty iac his acta. and under the provisions of this Act, but { 1) alcoholic ·beverage to an extent or in a man 1f such individual ls not in &nf manner held who ts 11censed .or eertlfiM under' tbe laws ner 'dangerous to b1tnse1!, any other person, out to the pUblic as .a psy.cholDglst.. o1 a Sta.ie 01' territory of the UDlted States or ·the publlc, 0'1' to an extent that 1mch use SEc. 6. (A) Tbe Commtsskmer &ball be .re Ol' of a foreign country or provl:nce whose lmpairs .his AbUlty Cx> perform the work of sponsible ~.or .reTiewing tb.e a.pplleatlona 11 standards in the opinion of the Commis a. psychologist with sa.!eiy k> the pubnc.; persons seeking licensure or certification for sioner were substantially equivalent, at the (C) convicted of a. violation of any pro- April . 24, 1968 ,CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10485 vision of this Act or of the regulations or as a will of a client, (3) in ca1;es where the and· welfare, and to be subject to regula rules promUlgated pursuant thereto; defendant to a criminal action has raised the tion and control in the public interest. (D) determined to be a mental incompe defense of mental incapacity. Section 3 defines terms used in the bill tent by a court with proper jurisdiction; or SEc. 20. (A) Nothing in this Act shall be and provides that "the practice of psychol (E) found guilty of the unethical prac . construed as restricting the use of tools, ogy," as defined in the bill, shall not be tice of psychology in violation of standards tests, instruments, or techniques usually de construed as permitting the administration to be established by the Commissioner. nominated "psychological," provided that the or prescription of drugs or any infringement SEc. 15. (A) Prooeedings leading toward user does not represent himself or itself in upon the practice of medicine as defined by the suspension or revocation of a license or a manner prohibited by this Act. · the Healing Arts Practice Act of the Dis certificate shall be begun by petition, setting (B) Nothing in this Act shall be construed trict of Columbia, as amended. forth good cause therefor, filed with the to prevent qualified members of other profes Section 4 states that psychologists are Commissioner and served on the respondent. sions from doing work of a psychological na · expected to assist their clients in obtaining The Commissioner may determine whether ture consistent with their training and with professional help for aspects of the client's a license or certificate shall be suspended or . the code of ethics of their respective profes problems that fall outside the area of the revoked, and if it is to be suspended the dura sions: Provided, That they do not hold them · psychologists' own competence; for example, tion of such suspension and the conditions selves out to the public by any title or that provision should be made for the diag under which such suspension shall terminate. description incorporating the words "psy nosis and treatment of relevant medical Revocation of a license shall not preclude the chological," "psychologist," or "psychology," problems by an appropriate, qualified medi issuance after the passage of at least five unless licensed under this Act, and except cal practitioner . years of a ~ew license or registration to the . as provided in section 5 (D) of this Act. SEc. 21. There is hereby authorized to be Section 5 requires the licensing of persons o1fender, provided such person can show that who practice psychology for a fee; exempt he has complied with the provisions of this appropriated out of the revenues of the Dis Act. . trict of Columbia such sums as may be neces ing psychologists employed by Government (B) Before the revoking, suspending, or re . sary to pay the expenses of administering and agencies, academic institutions, charitable fusing to issue a license or certificate for any carrying out the purposes of this Act. agencies, research laboratories, and business corporations. Also exempted are psychology cause under the provisions of this Act, the SEc. 22. If any section of this Act, or any Commissioner shall give the person whose part thereof, shall be adjudged by any court interns and residents, and persons employed right to practice psychology is challenged a.n of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such by licensed psychologists as defined in the opportunity to be heard in person or by attor judgment shall not a1fect, impair, or invali bill. ney, and to produce witnesses on his behalf. date the remainder of any section or part Section 6 provides that the Commissioner After such hearing, should the Commissioner thereof. shall be responsible for the issuance and decide to refuse, revoke, or suspend licensure SEC. 23. This Act shall become e1fective renewal of licenses, authorizes him to pro or certification, he shall set forth in writing ninety days. after the date of its enactment. vide for the preparation and administration his reasons for so doing, and shall include de of oral and written examinations, to ap tailed findings of fact. The amendment was agreed to. point a Board of Psychologist Examiners to (C) Any person who feels aggrieved by a The bill was ordered to be engrossed examine applicants for licenses, and requires decision of the Commissioner under subsec for a third reading, was read the third the maintenance of public records respect tion (B) of this section may, within thirty time, and passed. ing the granting, refusal, suspension, and days after receiving notice thereof, seek re Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask revocation of licenses. view of said decision in the District of Co · unanimous consent to have printed in the Section 7 sets forth the requirements for lumbia Court of Appeals. Such review shall be obtaining a license: Good moral character; subject to appeal to the United States Court RECORD an excerpt from the report (No. doctoral degree in psychology or a related of Appeals for the District of Columbia Cir 1092), explaining the purposes of the bill. field; plus 2 years of postgraduate experi cuit. There being no objection, the excerpt ence other than internship; and satisfactory (D) In hearings conducted pursuant to was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, performance in an examination. subsection (B) of this section, the attendance as follows: Section 8 provides for licensing within and testimony of witnesses may be compelled PURPOSE OF THE Bll.L 1 year without examination of psychologists by subpena. Any person refusing to respond who either maintain a residence or office, to such a subpena shall be guilty of con The purpose of the bill is to provide for or participate in psychological activities in tempt of court and may be punished as other the protection of the public from the un the District and who have a doctoral degree qualified practice of psychology and from persons guilty of contempt of court are pun and 1 year of postgraduate experience or ished. unprofessional conduct of persons practicing psychology in the District of Columbia by a master's degree in psychology and five SEc. 16. Any person who shall practice years of practice acceptable to the Com psychology, as defined in this Act, without requiring all persons who o1fer psychological missioner. having a valid, unexpired, unrevoked, and services to the public for a fee to obtain a license from the District of Columbia govern Section 9 authorizes the Commissioner to unsuspended license or certificate of registra grant a license without examination to any tion issued under this Act, shall be deemed ment. NEED FOR THE LEGISLATION person who has received a license from a guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon convic State or foreign country whose standards tion, shall be fined not more than $500 or At the present time, psychologists may are substantially equivalent to those of the confined in jail for not more than six months, practice psychology in the District of Colum District of Columbia. or both. bia without license or regulation. Your com SEC. 17. The unlawful practice of psychol mittee has been advised that there have been Section 10 provides that qualified psychol ogy as defined in this Act may be enjoined incidents in which the lives and well-being ogists from outside the District of Columbia by the United States District Court for the of residents in th-e Nation's Capital have been may o1fer professional services in the Dis District of Columbia on petition by the Com- adversely a1fected by fraudulent persons rep trict for not more than 60 days a year with . missioner, upon a finding that the person resenting themselves as psychologists. This is out obtaining a license on request of a per sought to be enjoined is guilty of a violation happening at a time when the profession of son who resides or works in the District. A of the provisions of this Act. In any such psychology is clearly expanding and is more psychologist claiming this exemption and proceeding it shall not be necessary to show and more in demand by citizens of this city who o1fers his professional service within the that any person is individually injured by the and elsewhere in the country. Therefore, your District for more than 20 days in any calendar actions complained of. If the respondent is committee believes that the bill incorporates year must file with the Commissioner evi found guilty of the unlawful practice of · the appropriate and necessary steps which dence of his right thereto, have his name psychology, the court shall enjoin him from must be taken promptly to regulate the qual entered in a register kept by the Commis so practicing unless and until he has been ity of psychological services by regulating the sioner for that purpose, and be issued a cer duly licensed. The remedy by injunction practice of psychology as existing law already tificate evidencing such registration. hereby given is in addition to criminal prose requires the regulation of other professions Section 11 empowers the Commissioner to cution and punishment based thereon, and within the city. waive the licensure examination when the not in lieu thereof. HEARING applicant has achieved a position of emi SEc. 18. It shall be the duty of the Com The Subcommittee on Public Health, Edu nence as a practicing psychologist or has missioner of the District of Columbia to en cation, Welfare, and Safety held a hearing on been certified by a national examining force the provisions of this Act. S. 1864 on August 28, 1967. The bill received board, whose examination was as effective SEc. 19. In legal proceedings, no psychol the support of the District of Columbia gov for testing professional competence as that ogist shall disclose any information he has ernment, the District of Columbia Psycho required in the District of Columbia. · acquired from a person consulting him in his logical Association, and the American Psycho Section 12 authorizes th District of Co professional capacity without the consent of logical Association. lumbia Council to make regulations to such person, except only ( 1) in actions, civil carry out the purposes of the act and to fix or criminal in which a psychologist is suing PROVISIONS OF THE Bll.L fees at levels to defray the expense of ad or being sued by a former cli~nt or his legal The first section of the bill cites the act ministering the act. representative, such as an action against a · as the "Practice of Psychology Act." Section 13 provides for the annual pay psychologist for malpractice, (2) upon . an Section 2 delares the practice of psy ment of the required fee for renewal of issue as to the validity of a document, such chology to affect the public h~alth, safety, licenses or certificates issued under the act 10486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, 1968
and contains provisions respecting the rein amendment was requested by the District of PURPOSE OF THE Bn.L statement of lapsed licenses. Columbia government. The purpose of S. 2017, which is requested Section 14 authorizes the Commissioner Your committee deleted section 5, subsec by the District of Columbia government, is to refuse, revoke, or suspend licensure or tion (D), establishing different licensing re to authorize the District to enter into con certification if the applicant, licensee, or quirements for social psychologists than for tracts wi.th private concerns for the inspec certificate holder be (a) convicted of a crime other psychologists. This action was taken tion, maintenance, and repaJ.r of fixed equip involving moral turpitude, (b) found to use because the committee sees no justification ment in District-owned buildings for periods drugs or alcoholic beverages so as to en for treating social psychologists differently up to 3 years. Under existing awthority, these danger himself or others or so as to impair from other psychologists in the matter of contracts must be executed annue.Ily. S. 2017 his ability to safely perform psychological licensing. is substantially similar to Public Law 89-276, services, (c) convicted of violating the act Your committee deleted the language in approved October 20, 1965, conferring au or any regulation thereunder, (d) adjudi section 6 (B) requiring the Commissioner to thority on the Administrator of General Serv cated mentally incompetent, and (e) found name members of the Board of Psychology ices to enter into 3-year contracts for the guilty of unethical practice of psychology Examiners from a list submitted by the Dis maintenance of fixed equipment in federally in violation of standards set by the Commis trict of Columbia Psychology Association. owned buildings. sioner. The committee believes that the Commis Section 15 sets forth the procedures to be sioner should be permitted to name any NEED FOR THE LEGISLATION followed by the Commissioner in suspending qualified psychologist to the Board and not Under existing law, the District must exe or revoking a license or certificate. Before a be restricted to any list of names submitted cute annually contracts for fixed-equipment license is revoked, suspended, or refused to by. the above-mentioned professional asso systems such as heating, refrigeration, venti be issued by the Commissioner for any cause, ciation. lating, air conditioning, electrical, vertical the person whose right to practice psychol Your committee deleted the language in transportation, plumbing, fire protection, ogy is challenged shall be entitled to a hear section 12 permitting the Commissioner to watchman, fuel, and pneumatic tube sys ing and to produce witnesses on his behalf. give a certificate of registration to an asso tems. The District government has found it Decisions of the Commissioner refusing, re ciation, partnership, or corporation. The more economical and efficient to provide for voking, or suspending licensure or certifica committee sees no justification for permit servicing of this type of equipment under tion must be in writing and must include ting the group practice of psychology when contracts with private firms specializing in detailed finding of fact. Any person feeling only one member of the group has a license such services rather than training skilled aggrieved by a decision of the Commissioner issued in his individual name since the prac technicians and purchasing and storing in may seek a review of the Commissioner's de tice of psychology should, as with other dis numerable spare parts and supplies. cision in the District of Columbia Court of ciplines, be licensed on a personal basis. The present 1-year contract limitation pre Appeals, which court's decision shall be There is ample provision elsewhere in the cludes the District from ob1Jaindng maximum subject to appeal to the U.S. Court of Ap bill permitting a psychologist to have a potential benefits and savings. Some con peals District of Columbia. trainee or other unlicensed person assist tractors engaged on a 1-year basis have not Section 16 provides that any persons prac him providing the psychologist is entirely fully carried out their obligation for equip ticing psychology without a license or regis_ responsible for the actions of such a person ment maintenance and repair. As a result, tration certificate shall be guilty of a mis working under the licensed psychologist. latent deficiencies have appeared, after a new demeanor, and upon conviction be fined not In lieu of the language which has been contractor has been on the job, making it more than $500 or confined in jail for not deleted from section 12, the committee difficult, if not impossible, to prove respon more than 6 months, or both. amendment authorizes the District of co sibility for the deficiencies. Consequently, the Section 17 permits injunction actions in lumbia Council to make regulations to carry District government has had to bear the cost the U.S. district court to prevent persons out the purposes of the act, and, after public of remedying such deficiencies. found guilty of violating the act from con hearings, fix fees to be charged for services A contractor with a 1-year maintenance tinuing to practice psychology. performed by the District government pur contract is not encouraged to do more than Section 18 directs the Commissioner to en suant to the provisions of the act. will keep the equipment operating for that force the provisions of the act. Section 21 has been deleted by the com year, since he does not know whether he will Section 19 provides that in legal proceed mittee, as no longer applicable in view of Re be successful in subsequent bidding. Con ings, no psychologist shall disclose any in organization Plan No. 3 of 1967. tractors who have had a 1-year contract formation he has acquired from a person sometimes refrain from bidding on such consulting him in his professional capacity work for a subsequent year because they without the consent of such person, except know, from knowledge gained under a prior (1) in actions, civil or criminal, in which a REPAffi OF FIXED EQUIPMENT contract, thrut abnormal maintenance will probably be required during the ensuing psychologist is suing or being sued by a The Senate proceeded to consider the former client or his legal representative, such year. Further, a contractor probably would as an action against a psychologist for mal bill (S. 2017) to authorize the Commis be less likely to neglect needed maintenance practice, (2) upon an issue as to the validity sioners of the District of Columbia to en during the early years of a long-term con of a document, such as a will of a client, and ter into contracts for the inspection, tract, since deficiencies could more easily be (3) in cases where the defendant in a crim maintenance, and re'pair of fixed equip traced to him and the more extensive main inal action has raised the defense of mental ment in District-owned buildings for tenance of subsequent years would be his incapacity. periods not to exceed 3 years which responsibility. Savings through reduction in Section 20 provides that so long as a user preparation Of plans and specifications and had been reported from the Committee costly advertising would be realized with does not represent himself or itself in a man on the District of Columbia, with an ner prohibited by the act, nothing in the act multiyear contracts. shall be construed as restricting the use of amendment, on page 1, line 3, after the Contractors would also benefit from multi tools, tests, instruments, or techniques usu word "the" strike out "Commissioners of year contracts, since they would be able to ally denominated "psychological," and that the District of Columbia are" and insert make larger volume purchases of supplies, the act shall not be construed to prevent "Commissioner of the District of Colum spare parts, and equipment. Personnel of the qualified members of other professions from bia is"; so as to make the bill read: contractor would become better acquainted with the characteristics or the particular doing work of a psychological nature con 2017 sistent with their training and the codes of s. equipment being serviced, and the detailed ethics of their professions, so long as they Be it enacted by the Senate and House nature of the conditions and circumstances do not hold themselves out to the public as oj Representatives of the United States of under which the equipment must be oper psychologists unless licensed or certified in America in Congress assembled, That the ated. This would result in reduced manage accordance with the act. Commissioner of the District of Columbia is ment problems and expense and provide bet Section 21 authorizes appropriations neces authorized to enter into contracts for pe ter service to the using agency. A 3-year sary to pay the expenses of administering and riods not exceeding three years for the in contract would encourage better planning by carrying out the purposes of the act. spection, maintenance, and repair of fixed the contractor so that current maintenance Section 22 provides a standard severability equipment in buildings owned by the Dis would be accomplished with the prospect of clause. trict of Columbia. less effort and expense being required in sub Section 23 provides that the act shall be The amendment was agreed to. sequent years. effective 90 days following its enactment. The bill was ordered to be engrossed HEARING COMMI'l"l'EE AMENDMENTS for a third reading, was read the third S. 2017 was the subject of a public hear Your committee struck out the term "phys_ time, and passed. ing by the Subcommittee on the Judiciary 1ca1" on page 3, line 18, and inserted in lieu Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask on March 8, 1968. Representatives of the Dis thereof "medical." The purpose of the unanimous consent to have printed in the trict government testified in favor of this amendment is to emphasize the nonmedical RECORD an t:..xcerpt from the report (No. legislation. No opposition was expressed to character of the psychology profession and the enactment of the bill. make clear the committee's intent that a 1093), explaining the purpose of the bill. person with organic disease complications to There being no objection, the excerpt CONCLUSION behavioral problems should be referred by was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Your committee is of the opinion that the psychologist to a medical doctor. The as follows: longer contracts should result in greater April 24, ·1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10487 economy, safety, and efficiency in the main cally: assulting and beating 11 members nist Party, one of the largest in the free tenance and operation ·of buildings and of his crew. The Soviet Government pro world, refused the invitation. equipment owned by the Dlstriot govern- ment. · · tested strongly against the unlawful de The Communist world is clearly in a tention on March 27 in Port Whampoa state of disunity. Recently, top rank The title was amended, so as to read: of the Soviet tanker Komsomolets carry ing members of the Cuban Communist "A bill to authorize the Commissioner of ing a cargo to North Vietnam and party were arrested and placed on trial the District of Columbia to enter into against the mistreatment of its crew. for being too pro-Russian. The Commu contracts for the inspection, mainte Soviet officials stated the Chinese ac nist party in Czechoslovakia is under nance, and repair of fixed equipment in tions were "of a premeditated, provoca going an internal political convulsion, District-owned buildings for periods not tive nature and a rude violation of in which has drastically reduced the power to exceed 3 years. ternational law." Chinese authorities in of the pro-Russian element in favor of return charged the Russians with be a younger generation of Communists having "just like United States im who openly appeal to nationalism and RELATIVE STRENGTH perialists" and stated: · independence from Russia. Czechoslo Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, in This has clearly exposed the criminal aims vakia has become a nationalist Commu recent years there has been consistent of the Soviet leader clique in joining the nist nation. It is not a Soviet satellite. effort to downgrade the opinion of the United States to oppose China. Rumania is becoming increasingly more military about military matters, and at This was the third serious incident independent, and its delegates walked the same time upgrade the opinion of this year of official Soviet protests out of the Budapest conclave. Of the others about military matters. against the detention of Russian ships Eastern European Communist countries, This is one of the reasons for the con and mistreatment of Russian sailors in only East Germany, still occupied by a tinuing lack of military success in the substantial armed force of Russian sol Vietnam theater. To that we should add Chinese ports. Also, earlier this year Soviet leaders charged the Chinese with diers and airmen, remains a Soviet the impact this war is having on our satellite. economy, and its negative in:fiuence on sabotaging discussions between the two nations on improving shipping condi The Budapest Communist meeting our political relationship with all other was a fiasco. It again revealed the bitter countries. But that is another story. tions along rivers forming borders be tween the two countries. These incidents dissension and split between the world's The most dangerous aspect of recent two great Communist powers-the Soviet policy, however, would seem to be that, are further indication of the bitter en mity that now exists between the two Union and China. as a result of the decisions made with Nevertheless, rightwing extremists in respect to where our time, effort, and great Communist powers, the Soviet Union and China. the United States continue to rant of a money should be allocated to maint~in monolithic worldwide Communist con the Nation's military posture, it is now an A profound schism exists between the spiracy. There is no such thing in truth open question as to whether the United Soviet Union and China, and there has and in fact. Unfortunately, their hys States today is, or is not, the strongest been fighting and bloodshed along their terical ravings reminiscent of the Joe military nation in the world. common 6,500 L.lile border. This belliger Mccarthy witch..:hunting era still in Some of our most knowledgeable civil ency has increased in recent months. fluence our foreign policy and work to ian experts on military matters believe Soviet troops were recently stationed in the detriment of the Nation. Members of that as a result of these decisions as to Outer Mongolia, as part of a general So that rightwing extremist group of self priorities, the Soviet Union is already viet military buildup along the dis appointed vigilantes who term them stronger militarily than the United puted Chinese border to provide protec selves anti-Communists, but who are States. tion for that supposed Russian ally termed "Birch-saps" by intelligent Amer These beliefs are not pleasant to con against supposedly friendly Communist icans, represent the last remnant of the template, but the American people have China. As regarding the most recent in witch hunters of the Joe McCarthy as much right to know about that side . cident concerning the detention of a So era. This reminds one of that couplet, of the coin of informed opinion as they viet ship, Chinese Communist leaders "As I was going up the stair I met a man have to receive the opinion of those who have continually denounced and ac who wasn't there. He wasn't there again continue to as.sure them that the war cused the Kremlin leadership of "gang today. I wish, I wish he'd go away." in Vietnam is going well, and that the ing up" with the United States against military and political position of this China and of "collaborating with U.S. country in the world is in as favorable imperialism." COMMITTEE MEETING DURING shape today as it has been in the past. In the Soviet Union last October the SENATE SESSION 50th anniversary of the revolution was Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, celebrated in a magnificent manner in ORDER OF BUSINESS I ask unanimous consent that the Sub Moscow. Of 14 Communist countries in committee on Business and Commerce of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there vited to send their leading governmental the District of Columbia Committee be further morning business? officials to this celebration, five nations permitted to meet during the session of Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi failed, or refused, to send any delegates the Senate today. dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. whatever. Communist China did not The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk even deign to reply to the invitation. objection, it is so ordered. will call the roll. Communist Albania rejected it in scorn The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll. ful language. Then, Kremlin leaders Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, were disturbed because both the North CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION I ask unanimous consent that the order Vietnam and North Korean governments AND ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL for the quorum call be rescinded. sent minor functionaries to represent AWARDS-REMOVAL OF INJUNC The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without them instead of top officials in their gov TION OF SECRECY objection, it is so ordered. ernments. Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, While the military and economic as in executive session, I ask unanimous power of the Soviet Union is at an all WORLDWIDE COMMUNIST SCHISM consent that the injunction of secrecy time high, the influence of Kremlin be removed from Executive E, 90th Con Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, leaders on Communist governments gress, second session, the Convention on recently, officials of the Soviet Union throughout the world is at an all-time the Recognition and Enforcement of charged that Communist Chinese offi low. They recently called a meeting of Arbitral Awards, transmitted to the Sen cials detained a Russian tanker carrying world Communist parties in Hungary ate today by the President of the United supplies to North Vietnam and that Chi proposing to eject China from the Com States, and that the convention, together nese soldiers broke down doors and used munist movement. Five Communist gov with the President's message, be referred force ag ~usual amount of time to be given to The article fairly and thoughtfully was one . of those Alaskan-s who became - a. Defense procurement bill, the- Senate outlines the positien of the two parties acquainted with Miss Ferber while she approved S. 3293 authorizing a. total of and concludes with the following state was giving thought to writing a book some $21.3 billion for that purpose. That ment: about Alaska. With him as with others, measure was; of course, only a part of We hope that the large meas'!-lre of re that acquaintanceship ripened into the swollen Defense Department spend straint and good judgment-which have been friendship as Miss Ferber set herself to ing package that we will be asked to shown on bOth sides will brihg the dispute the task of writing a book which was consider this year. to an early and equitable settlement. published under the name "Ice Palace" Proposals to make significant reduc I sincerely hope that both the workers and which many of us believe had an im tions in that measure were routinely de and management .will heed this admoni portant part in the winning of the fight feated-although we did take a hopeful tion and resolve their differences with for Alaska statehood. first step by imposing a reduction of fairness and expedition. Accordingly, I Mr. Sundborg has only praise for Miss roughly 3 percent. By _and large we ask unanimous consent that the editorial Ferber. He descrioes her as "a great continuec'l to apply a separate standard be printed in the RECORD. lady.'' With this judgment I concur with to outlays by the Department of Defense There being no objection, the editorial out qualification. Miss Ferber had a· sharp compared with expenditures by . other was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and incisive mind. She had an almost un agencies of the Government. as follows: canny ability to "read" people, and with Over the weekend, shortly after the it all hers was a fine sense of humor. bill was passed, United Press Interna THE TELEPHONE STRIKE Mr. President, yesterday I was talking tional reported an announcement that The country appears to have taken the with Senator GRUENING about Mr. SUnd telephone strike in stride. Though -nearly serves as a painful question of the Pen- · 200,000 telephone workers have been out berg's tribute to Miss Ferber. At that tagon's ability to handle the taxpayers' since last Thursday, telephone service has time he reminded me of his early asso money wisely. been wid~ly maintained, thanks largely to ciation with her and more specifically re According to that report, the Penta the dial system. No national emergency has lated how it was that she came to write gon has let contracts for the purchase of arisen, and there is substantial hope for a "Ice Palace." Senator GRUENING had gone 120,000 M-16 rifles. Harrington and settlement without a prolonged struggle. into this· in his recently published book, Richardson Co., of Worcester, Mass., will The contest is officially confined to the "The Battle for Alaska Statehood," from produce 60,000 and General Motors wage issue, as other provisions of the con which I quote: tract have 18 months to run. We get the Corp., of Ypsilanti, Mich., will provide impression that both management and the In the closing weeks of the 2nd Session of exactly the same number. Yet one con union are acting responsibly, although it the 85th Congress, we got an unexpected break. Edna Ferber's book: Ice Palace, ap tract is for $15 million, and the other is appears to hav~ been a mistake of judgment for $19 million-a difference of $4 mil for the company to seek injunctions aimed peared in March of 1958. I had gotten Edna to lion. at the strike in Alabama and Kentucky. The write this book which followed an acquaint The UPI indicated that the Pentagon company had previously offered to re11ume ance we had struck up some years before negotiations and had talked favorably of when she utilized a passage from my book: was unable to explain the difference in Mexico and Its Heritage, published in 1928, as prices. the union idea of putting aside the present 18-month contract and seeking an entirely the theme for one of her stories, which later Mr. President, we will have an oppor new three-year agreement, instead of deal became the title of the book that included that short story. It was entitled: They tunity to explore this subject more fully ing only w1 th the wag~ issue. If they proceed when Defense Department appropria on this basis, the negotiations will be more Brought Their Women. tions are brought up for consideration. complicated but the outcome _might be more In describing the differences between the I hope that in the interim we will hear a satisfactory. early history of North America and Latin meaningful explanation of this shocking There is much other evidence of genuine America, the former being settled, the latter collective bargaining. Before the strike conquered by people from the Old World, I disclosure from the Department of had written as follows: Defense. I have requested an explanation began the union had made five different proposals to the company. For its part the "The diversity between the two cultures of the matter in a letter to Secretary Bell Telephone System claims to have made south and north of the Rio Grande is sharply Clifford. the largest wage offer ln its history. It ls discernible in the respective status of their I ask unanimous consent that the press said to be an increase of 7.5 per cent over women. The North American settlers brought report be printed in the RECORD. 18 months or 5.4 per cent on an annual their women. The squaw-man was outcast. There being no objection, the article basis, which is close to the ceiling recom The exalted position of woman in the Ameri mended by the Administration for the sake can ideology dates from the pioneer days of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, companionate hardship and effort ... The as follows: of stability. The union is said to be asking 10.5 per cent. Aztec female, on the other hand, played the M-16 RIFLES ORDERED BY PENTAGON No doubt it will be difficult to close this part of handmaiden to the warrior male." The Pentagon announced yesterday con gap, but it certainly should not be impossi Edna Ferber wrote me that she was going tracts to purchase 120,000 lightweight rapid ble. According to Joseph A. ~irne, president, to use this as the title of a short story and fire M-16 rifles from two new producers as the Communication Workers voted 17 to 1 did so. Having been an admirer of her fiction part of its program to equip South Vietnam to authorize a strike even though they have for some years, I suggested to her that she ese and additional U.S. forces. no substantial strike fund. Apparently they ought to write a novel about Alaska, and told Colt's Inc. has_ been the sole producer feel deeply about the wage issue, although her of our problems and our desire for state until now. Mr. Beirne insists that the union's posi hood. She became interested and made sev The Pentagon announced a $15 million tion is fluid. eral trips to Alaska to get the necessary back contract to Harrington & Richardson Co., of One other posture taken by the union has ground. Worcester, Mass., for 60,000 rifles, and another won it much sympathy. Mr. Beirne was asked Ice Palace made a strong case, in fiction $19 million contract to General Motors Corp., whether h~ did not now regret having ac form, for statehood. Some of the literary Ypsilanti, Mich., for 60,000 rifles. The Penta quiesced in development of the dial system. critics felt it was not up to her best work but gon said it was unable to explain the differ In reply he insisted that his response would one of them referred to it quite correctly as ence in prices. be the same if he had to meet the problem "the Uncle Tom's Cabin for Alaskan State Both contracts were for the first year of a again tomorrow. "Some things come ahead hood." Thousands who would never have multiyear program. of the union," he said. "Your country." been interested in any of our pro-statehood The U.S. will provide M-16's to the addi We hope that the large measure of re non-fiction magazine articles, of which I had tional American forces to be deployed in straint and good judgment which have been written several for Harper's, the Atlantic Vietnam. It is also giving them to South shown on both sides will bring the dispute Monthly, Current History, the New York Vietnamese regular forces and South Viet to an early anct equitable settlement. Times Magazine Section, etc., did read novels. namese militia known as regional and popu In the closing weeks of our statehood drive, lar forces. scores of people asked me whether I had read "Ice Palace." It was called to the attention EDNA FERBER: A GREAT LADY of many Congressmen by readers who were THE TELEPHONE STRIKE Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, the also their constituents. I have no doubt that Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, an in Anchorage, Alaska, Daily News of April it changed quite a few votes. teresting editorial concerning the pres 19 published a tribute to Edna Ferber, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con ent telephone strike wa.S published in written by George Sundborg, administra sent that Mr. Sundberg's article be the Washington Post of Tuesday, April tive assistant tcr my colleague from printed in the RECORD. 23. . - Alaska. [Mr. GRUENING]. Mr. Sundborg There being no objection, the article 10496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, J968 was ordered to be printed 1n the RECORD, the issue of slavery was drawn too crudely than she did, and I could not argue with as follows: 1n "Uncle Tom's Cabin." her about that. To me it seems that "Ice Palace" contains Edna Ferber undoubtedly has many friends A TRIBUTE TO EDNA FERBER some simply wonderful vignettes of Alaska in Alaska who are having some of the same (NoTE.-Our guest columnist, George life. There is a description of the lobby of thoughts I am having about her this week. Sundborg, a former Alaska editor and pub what has to be the Nordale Hotel in Fair She gave to Alaskans and to everyone so lisher, 1s Sen. Ernest Groening's administra banks which is an absolute gem. Numerous much more than she took. We miss her al tive assistant.) characters in "Ice Palace" are obviously ready. (By George Sundborg) modeled on actual Alaskans. A great lady who has been described as The author found a gracious way too of THE GUN TRAFFIC the Harriet Beecher Stowe of the battle for flattering some of her Alaska friends by drop Alaska statehood died Tuesday in New York. ping their names into the dialogue. Thus 1 Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, shortly Edna Ferber with her book "lee Palace" am able to impress bystanders at any point the Senate will be taking up the safe struck a blow for sta.tehood at a time when where I can get my hands on a copy Of "Ice streets and crime control bill. Title V of the attention which the novel centered on Palace" by turning to a page in which the heroine declaims: "Not if you knew the Alas the bill contains a limited, modest, con Alaska may well have been decisive. It was servative gun control provision, designed in a similar way that "Uncle Tom's Cabin" kans I mean. Paul and Addie Barnett 100 years earlier steeled national determina (fictional characters) and George Sundborg primarily to limit aecess to handguns by tion to abolish slavery. he's an editor in Juneau-and the Atwoods criminals, juveniles, and the insane. The Miss Ferber's connection with Alaska was in Anchorage and Herb Hilscher and E\Ta bill is basically concerned with concealed McGown iii Fairbanks, and the Nordals and weapons. It imposes no unreasonable bur neither brief nor accidental. In the early Bob Bartlett our Delegate, he's just the most 1950s her perceptive mind told her that an wonderful-and Ernest Gruening-he was dens on hunters and sportsmen and no issue worthy of her time and attention prob our Governor, you know, no, you don't know, burgens at all on domestic sale and pur ably existed in the efforts of Alaskans to wt I suppose." chase of rifles and shotguns. The amend tain full self-government under the Amer ment is the least Congress can do to meet ican flag. Edna came to Alaska quietly not Those who haven't read "Ice Palace" just once but three or four times on far shouldn't judge it by the simply atrocious the crttical need and growing public de ranging trips. motion picture of the same name which was mand for effective gun control. Someone in Washington-! think it was more or less based upon the novel. Edna her The American people are fed up with then Delegate Bob Bartlett-had given her self couldn't understand why Hollywood did the unlimited gun traffic in this country. my name. On her first day in Alaska at what it did With her books. She thought They are grievously disappointed in con Juneau she invited Mrs. Sundborg and me the movie "So Big" was so awful that she gressional failure to take any action to to have cocktails with her and without be refused to go and see "Ice Palace" or any of keep concealed weapons out of the hands traying any purpose proceeded to ask us a the later ones. The one Ferber novel from which a really good motion picture was of criminals, juveniles, and the insane. few hundred piercing questions about the The American people want action now Territory, its problems, its people, and its made was "Giant," but Miss Ferber wouldn't hopes for the future. go to see that either. to control the gun traffic in this country. Miss Ferber was by no stretch of the im The movie "Ice Palace" committed such Americans want guns kept away from agination a pretty person. She was, in fact, atrocities as having Robert Ryan get off his felons, children, and the mentally de almost grotesquely ugly. But so keen was salmon seining boat in a port which looked ranged. Americans want an end to the her intelllgence and so great her wisdom like Petersburg in summer and mushing by incredible condition we face in this coun that I always thought of her as beautiful. dog team directly into an Arctic blizzard try when any idiot, 10-year-old, or es which had to have been swirling through After she returned to New York from Anaktuvuk Pass. Edna Ferber was not guilty caped convict can order a gun by mail initial travels around the Territory I began· of such gross betrayals of nature and geog in any State in the Union with total to receive brief, pointed letters from her. raphy. Everyone who knew her was aware anonymity and impunity. Where should she go in Alaska to see a fish In fact, the American people, the Pres trap in operation? What salmon cannery. that she understood and loved Alaska. Not many years ago in New York City I ident's National Crime Commission, J. would be representative and how would she get to it? What interests and people were was walking along Park Avenue past anum Edgar Hoover, and police officials across· opposing statehood and where should she go ber which I recognized as the address on the Nation all want legislation to compel to try to understand their reasons? Edna Ferber's letters to me. It was a very registration of all firearms sales in this rich apartment building. I phoned up from country. After the second or third trip I mentioned the street and 'she insisted I come up for in a column which I wrote for the little luncheon and a visit. She talked entirely Gun owners and non-gun-owners alike weekly newspaper in Juneau, of which I was about Alaskans we both know, exhibiting a recognize that the presently virtually then publisher, that Edna Ferber was un keen memory and interest. It was the last unlimited gun traffic threatens every law doubtedly gathering material for a novel time I was to see her. abiding American. In a series of public about Alaska. She had subscribed to the It is my impression that Edna Ferber, for opinion polls during the past 2 years, paper, as I am sure she did to many news all her great success, probably lived a very both the Gallup and Harris organizations papers in Alaska. That she read them care lonely life. She never married. She was in fully was attested to by prompt receipt at have found increasing public clamor manner withdrawn, almost shy-this despite amon_g gun owners and the general p'ub. the omce of the Juneau Independent of a the positive way in which she could voice letter taking me to task for drawing con lic alike for rigid firearms control. In opinions about events and issues. September 1966, Gallup reported 68 per clusions from her Alaska activi.ties which she I think I admired her as much as anyone herself had never voiced or, according to I ever met. She was unfailingly kind and cent of all Americans favored legislation claim, even determined upon. generous even to those she knew only making a police permit a prerequisite to But eventually a novel was written. We slightly. any gun purchase. A Harris l>Oll released had become quite good friends by the time 1 would like to end this tribute to the yesterday morning shows public support she was ready to confess that this was the truly great lady who died this week by telling for registration of all gun sales has risen fact. She told me that the final revision had a story never told until now about one of to 71 percent. That poll shows that three to be done from a hospital bed in Arizona, her kindnesses of which I was the beneficiary. out of every four Amertcans favor Fede where she had gone for treatment of a hor When I was struggling with financial prob ribly painful a{fiiction known as trigeminal ral legislation to control the sales of guns, lems connected with publishing my weekly "such as making all persons register all neuralgia, sometimes called "the suicide newspaper I received unsolicited a check disease." from Edna Ferber for $1,000. "Dear George gun purchases no matter where they buy "Ice Palace" met with a mixed reception Sundborg," she wrote--she always addressed them." in Alaska. Miss Ferber, in a manner which me in just this way-"I was talking about Most gun owners themselves support many literal-minded Alaskans could not ac you with Bob Bartlett today and he told me Federal firearms control, including regis cept, had scrambled half a dozen communi he thought you could use this." Could I? tration, to an increasing degee. In Sep ties together to form one she called Baranof, It looked to me just then like all the money tember 1966, Gallup reported that 56 which was the main scene of the action of in the world. her story. Although this mythical city was percent of all gun owners favored regis When, a few years later, I sold the publish tration. By September 1967, this support described as on an inlet with mountains all ing enterprise and sent Edna a check for around, it was easy to recognize that in most the original $1,000 plus some modest sum had risen to 66 percent of all gun owners. street-by-street detail and in spirit the com in interest, she sent it back promptly With a Yesterday's Harris poll shows gun-owner munity was undeniably Fairbanks. note saying to "Dear George Sundborg" that support of Federal laws compelling regis Not only places but times and persons were she had never considered this a loan but tration remains at the two-thirds point, telescoped in the book. It could well be that rather a gift. to a dear friend and that she two out of every three gun owners favor the main issue of statehood and self-govern had forgotten about it long ago. She added ing registration. ment was overstated in "Ice Palace" just as that she was sure I needed the money more While congressional,action on the gun April 24, 1968" CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 1.0497. traffic has been stalled by the vocal, but Trend of confidence in Congress had no alternative but 1;o resort to meas:ures [Percentage] of self-protection. relatively small, band of gun lobbyists, A cross-section of 1634 homes was asked the American people have become in Positive Negative this question on gun control legislation: creasingly critical of a Congress which 1967 ------41 59 "Do you favor or oppose Federal laws which cares more about the members of the 1966 ------54 46 would control the sales. of g'Z{.ns, such as mak NRA than the rest of the people of the 1965 ------71 29 ing all persons register all gun purchases no United States of America. A Harris poll 1964 ------64 36 matter where they buy them?" 3 months ago of this year indicated that 1963 ------35 65 [In percent) the major cause of a 5-year low in public Those with no opinion, 1 per cent, have confidence in Congress is congressional been eliminated from this table in order to Favor Oppose Not sure failure to pass gun control legtslation. compare trends with other years. The drop in esteem for Congress since the Nationwide______71 23 6 Almost half of all citizens interviewed :flood of Great Society legislation in 1964 and East______70 20 10 put congressional inaction on guns as the 1965 has ·been precipitous. Midwest______69 27 4 South______71 22 7 major cause for their loss of confidence in Significantly, people who voted for Barry West______77 22 1 Congress. Goldwater in 1964 are far more critical of Own gun______65 31 4 The course the public expects from Congress (2 to 1 negative) than those who Don't own gun______79 13 8 Whites ____ ------71 23 6 Congress is clear. The American people voted for President Johnson four years ago Negroes ____ ------______69 23 8 want the gun traffic brought under rea (51-49) per cent favorable. This would in dicate that the criticism of Congress is likely sonable control. The modest, stripped to work more against Mr. Johnson than his The patterns of gun ownership shows wide down gun control measure the Safe Republican opponent in this year's presiden variation by region, size of place, and by Streets Act contains is a minimum step tial election. race: to meet this longstanding and urgent Among key groups in the electorate, inde "Do you or does anyone in your house public demand. pendent voters, the better educated and own a gun?" I believe title IV of the Safe Streets younger people are most critical. Negroes [In percent) and enrolled Democrats tend most to defend Act in fact falls short of adequately pro Own gun Don't own tecting the public interest. It contains no the record of Congress. gun control at all over the domestic sale of Specific assessment of legislative action by the 90th Congress showed these reactions by Nationwide______51 49 rifles and shotguns. These weapons, the cross section: East______34 66 which account for up to 30 percent of all Midwest______55 45 gun crimes, will still be freely available SPECIFIC RATINGS OF CONGRESS South______64 36 West______53 47 over the country and by mail order over [In percent) Cities______27 73 the country in every State in the Union. Suburbs______47 53 Towns______58 42 But we need, at long last, a gun bill. Positive Negative Not sure RuraL______78 22 Title IV of the Safe Streets Act is the All whites______55 45 first real gun bill taken up by the Senate Whites under $15,000 income______47 53 Increasing social security All Negroes______32 68 in 30 years. Congress should not miss this benefits ______---- ______- 55 30 15 Refusing to pass a tax in- Negroes under $15,000 income______36 64 chance to protect the American people. crease ______54 26 20 I ask unanimous consent that the pub Cutting back forei8n aid bilL 43 34 23 Last August and again in '~his latest survey, Passing an extens1on of lic opinion polls of the past 2 years on draft law ______41 25 34 all gun owners were asked: public attitudes on gun control be printed Cutting back the antipoverty "Would you or a member of your family program funds ______in the RECORD: 34 45 21 use your gun to shoot other people in case of Not passing an open housing a riot or not?" There being no objection, the items law ______33 38 29 were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, cuwng back aid to the [In percent] c1t1es ______29 41 30 as follows: Not passing gun control March August THE HARRIS SURVEY-coNFIDENCE IN CoN legislation ______28 48 24 GREss AT LOW EBB, PRESIDENT NOW HAS Would use gun______51 29 HIGHER RATING [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Apr. 22, Would not use gun ______·____ 32 62 (By Louis Harris) 1968] Not sure______17 9 Public confidence in Congress has reached TIGHT GUN RULES FAVORED 71 TO 23 its lowest ebb in five years, with the American (By Louis Harris) Students of gun usage under combat and other conditions of stress emphasize that people giving the recently reconvened 90th By 71 to 23 per cent, the American people Congress at 41 to 59 per cent negative job there might be a wide divergence between a favor that passage of Federal laws th.alt would person's expressed willingness to use a weap rating. place tight controls over the sale of guns on and his actual behavior when confronted In fact, President Johnson, with a positive in this country. These la.tes·t results mark a rating of 43 per cent, now is more favorably with an actual shooting. So it is undoubtedly five-point rise in support of a gun control an overstatement to conclude that better received by the public than is Congress. legislation from last AugUSit. Specific criticisins of last year's session are than half of all gun owners today would Such legislation has been before Congress actually use their weapons against other directed at failure to pass a gun control b111, for over a year, but the measur0 has encount cutting back aid to cities, not passing an human beings. ered strong opposdtl.on from the National But, the willingness to say they would open-housing law and cutting funds for the Rifle Association. poverty program. shoot other people in case of a riot is symp Significantly, people who own guns favor tomatic of the tension that exists in this The House and senate are credited for re gun control laws by 65 to 31 per cent, better fusing to pass the income tax increase re country today. Another question illustrated than a 2-to-1 margin. this apprehension: quested by the President, for increasing The num·ber of homes in whic:1. occupants Social Security benefits, for extension of "Does the tear of racial violence make you say they have guns has now reached a ma feel personally more uneasy on the streets the draft and for cutting back funds for jority, with 51 per cen.rt reporting gun owner foreign aid. ship. The largest incidence of acknowledged or not?" Basically, the public's unhappiness with gun ownership is found in rural areas, where [In percent) Congress stems from a feeling that in a time 78 pe:· cent possess a gun; in the South, with of crisis in Vietnam, racial turmoil at home 64 per cent, and small towns where 58 per Uneasy Not Not and a rising cost of living, Congress has cent own a gun in the household, compared uneasy sure bogged down in cantankerous debate over with 32 per cent among Negroes. Nationwide ______peripheral issues and has not come up with 48 47 5 Despite the heavy sentiment in favor of Cities ______------56 39 5 a legislative program to meet urgent prob- gun oontrol legislation, the number of gun Suburbs ______52 43 5 leins. · owners who say that they would use their Towns ______------34 62 4 RuraL ______48 Here is the trend of confidence in Congress weapon to shoot other people in case of a All whites ______46 6 as measured in the last part of 1967, com 46 50 4 riot has risen from 29 to 51 per cent since last Whites under $15,000 ______48 49 13 pared with similar readings over the ~t August. The reasons can be found in addi All Negroes ______58 30 12 five years. A cross section of 1620 households tional questioning which found that 48 per Negroes under $15,000 ______60 31 9 selected on a careful probability basis across cent of all adult Americans now say they the country was asked: . are personally more uneasy on the streets as Fear of physical safety due to possible out "How would you rate the job this session ·a result of fear of racial violence. breaks of racial violence ·runs higher among of Congress (90th Congress) has done-ex Many added tha-t in the absence of gun Negroes than whites, and highest among cellent, pretty good, only fair .or poor?" control and other measures, they felt they lower income Negroes. 10498 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, 1968 In the absence of other measures, some Clearly, the spate of clvil di591"ders over the THE RESPONSE TO HUNGER Americans clearly have taken to arming past summer has raised people's fears for REVELATIONS . themselves with guns. Un(Juestlonably, how their safety. This was evident in the replies ever, the vast majority of people in this of the special cross section of whites to this Mr. McGOVERN: Mr. President, there country would much prefer to see steps taken question: have been two responses to the report to curb violence. And one key step, nearly "Do you fear that 1n a riot your own home of the Citizens Board of Inquiry on Hun three out of every four feel, would be to have or neighborhood might be a1fected?" ger and Malnutrition in the United Congress pass gun control laws now. MIGHT BE AFFECTED BY RIOT states from distinguished sources that I THE HARRIS SURVEY [In percent) would like to call to th~ attention of the (By Louis Harris, Sept. 16, 1967) Senate. A national survey indicates that 27 mil Might be Not be Not wra I am extremely pleased by both of them, for both indicate an awareness of lion white Americans, representing 54% of Total whites ______the nation's homes, own guns. A majority 34 58 an ill-advised attack in the report on of gun owners say they would use their By income: agricultural agencies and programs, but weapons to "shoot other people in case of Under $5,000 ______41 49 10 $5,000 to$9,999 ______neither was diverted from the urgency a riot." Large numbers of white people in 33 60 7 $10,000 and over______32 62 6 of the inexcusable hunger which exists this country have apparently given serious in the United States. thought to self-protection, and one person The first of these two responses was by in every three believes that his own home Low-income whites, many of whom live in or neighborhood might be affected by a riot. fringe neighborhoods alongside Negroes, are Secretary of Agriculture Orville S. Free It would be a mistake, however, to con most apprehensive. man, who outlines where we have pro clude from this evidence that most whites It should be pointed out, however, that gressed on food aid programs in recent welcome the idea of unrestricted arms. To earlier Harris Surveys reported that when years-and there has been progress- the contrary, by a decisive 66-to-28% mar both Negroes and whites were asked how and calls attention to the need for legis gin, white gun owners favor passage of a law they feel about their personal safety on the lative authorizations and funds to do a in Congress which would require that all streets, Negroes were far more anxious than better job. persons "register all gun purchases no mat whites. Fear of violence does not seem to The second is an editorial in this ter where they buy them." show any color line. Gun ownership shows wide variants by morning's Washington Post, which, I am regions of the country; pleased to observe, agrees with my state [From the Washington Post, Sept. 14, 1966] ment Monday that the report entitled Gun ownership among whites THE GALLUP POLL: GUN OWNERS THEMSELVES "Hunger, U.S.A." was excessive in its {Percentage] FAVOR CURBS indictment of agricultural agencies and Don't PRINCETON, N.J., September 13.-Few is Own own programs, but also calls for approval of sues spark such heated reactions as gun con the resolution which I announced Mon .. Nationwide 54 46 trols, and few issues are so widely misunder day to establish a Senate Select Com stood. By region: Some of the opposition to the registration mittee to study the problems of unmet East ------33 67 of guns comes from those who think that human needs in our amuent society. Midwest ------63 87 this would mean banning all guns. Actually, I am happy to advise the Senate that South ------67 33 the law proposed would not prohibit a per more than 20 Senators have added their VVest ------~------59 41 son from owning a gun-either for sport or names as sponsors of the resolution, Gun owner.ship is concentrated more in protection-but would require that a record which will be formally submitted Fri the South and the Midwest than in other be made of the name of the gun puchaser. day, and the original sponsors-Senators parts of the country. The East, where the The purpose of such a law would be to keep MONDALE, BOGGS, HATFIELD, and !-will fewest own guns is also the area where guns out of the hands of persons with a welcome others. Senators are invited to gun owners would be least will1ng ( 46% ) criminal record, the mentally disturbed and others unqualified to handle weapons. call my office to join in sponsoring the to use their firearms against fellow citizens. resolution. The cross section of white gun owners was The mood of the public for nearly three There is one statement in th~ Wash asked: decades has been to impose controls on the "Would you use your gun to shoot other sale and possession of weapons. ington Post's splendid editorial on which people in case of a riot?" The survey questions and findings: I would like to comment. The Post de fends farm programs aimed at assist Use gun to shoot people in riot "Would you favor or oppose a law which would require a person to obtain a police ing farmers for it is one of the very few [Percentage] permit before he or she could buy a gun?" metropolitan daily newspapers which has Gun owners [Percentage] made the effort to study and get a real AlZ Gun understanding of their purpose and need. Would use Not use persons owners The editorial refers, correctly, to farm Nationwide 55 45 Yes ------68 56 ers who earn $20,000 or more each year. No ------29 41 I wish to point out, however, that the By region: No opinion______3 3 $20,000 figure is gross earnings, not net. East ------46 54 Midwest ------54 46 Those who favor such a law: The $20,000-a-year farmer can very well South ------58 42 1. Too many people get guns who are ir be going broke when his expenses for West ------59 41 responsible, mentally 111, retarded, trigger gasoline, fertilizer, feed, interest, taxes, The willingness to use guns against other happy, criminals. and many other items have been de people seems to be related to white gun own 2. It would save lives. ducted from that gross. Few are netting ers' attitudes toward a national firearms 3. It's too easy to get guns. half that much. oontrol law. Although a majority in the 4. It would be allelp to the police. But it is a :fine editorial, and the Post's South and West favor such legislation, the 5. It would keep guns out of the hands of enlightment in relation to agriculture is percentages in favor are less than in the East teenagers. both appreciated and a real service to and Midwest. Reasons of those who oppose such a law~ the national interest. The cross section of white gun owners was 1. Such a law would take away the indi I ask unanimous-consent, Mr. Presi asked: vidual's rights. dent, to have printed 1n the REcoRD Sec "Do you favor or oppose federal laws 2. Such a law wouldn't work-people retary Freeman's statement in response which would control the sale of guns, such would still get g"Qns if they wanted to. as making all persons register all gun pur to the "Hunger, U.S.A." report, and the 3. People need guns for protection. Post editorial. chases no matter where they buy them?" "Which of those three plans would you REGISTRATION OF ALL GUNS prefer for the use of guns by persons under There being no objection, the items were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, lin percenf] the age of 18-forbid their use completely, put restrictions on their use, or continue as as follows: favor Opposed Not sure at present with jew regulations?" {From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, [Percentage) Office of the Secretary, Apr. 23, 1968] All white gun owners_ 66 28 All Gun STATEMENT BY SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE persons ow.ne.rs ORVILLE L. FREEMAN, ON RECOMMENDATIONS By region: East______70 Z1 9 Forbid use______27 17 OF THE BOARD OF INQUIRY INTO HUNGER Midwest_ ___ ------70 25 5 Restrictions on use______55 59 AND MALNUTRITION lN THE UNITED STATES South ______--- 62 27 11 West_ ____ ------_____ Continue as at present______15 22 Many of the findings of the Board of In- 56 40 4 No opinion______3 2 quiry into Hunger and Malnutrition in the April 24, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 10499 United States parallel findings of Department The Department is now working to eradi vicious circle. To date, policies and programs of Agriculture studies and my own personal cate hunger to the limits of its budget; its designed to cope with this social cancer have observations on field trips to hunger areas. available manpower and the legal framework been too little, too late. They al!Sist a family The feelings of Board members at the dis in which it must operate. It is seeking new here and there, provide a few new jobs here graceful paradox of hunger amidst plenty authority to allow it to better do its job and there, but they have not come to grips are my feelings also. of feeding the hungry, and welcomes the ac with the hard-core poverty problem-with So I welcome this group to what has often tive support and participation of the Board the millions of men and women who grow up, been a lonely battle to eradicate hunger in in this endeavor. marry, raise more children, and die in pov this Nation. Public awareness and public This social ill is a great deal more complex erty. These millions live out an existence support of our efforts to feed the hungry are than a simple lack of food. It is compounded contributing little or nothing to the daily two commodities that have been in short of unemployment, lack of education, dis operation of society and the economy, and supply over the past seven years. But despite crimination and a centuries-old culture of exert a positive drag on the development of this, more progress has been made in this poverty that the Nation has only recognized society and the expansion of the economy." period than in the preceding 25 years. in the past few years, to say nothing of at Cochrane put a $20 billion price tag on a Because the Board of Inquiry's report over tempting to solve. program to deal with poverty. The country, so looked this progress, and because the sharp Some of the Board's 14 recommendations far, has found it too expensive. Senator ness of its attack refiects upon the literally are being accomplished now. For instance, George McGovern of South Dakota has pro hundreds of thousands of persons-federal, USDA already is training 900 non-profes posed a Senate inquiry by member'S of the state and local officials, volunteers who work sional aides, recruited from the poor, to work Agriculture, Labor and Public Welfare Com in it--I believe it is important that we out in nutrition and in informing the poor of mittees with an added five other members, to line in some detail the very real successes their rights under the stamp program. Eligi re-examine the whole spectrum of poverty we have had in meeting this problem. bility for-and the amount of-food stamps programs. It is a good idea. The Senate ought When I became Secretary of Agriculture in are now keyed to income and number of to approve it. 1961, only 1,200 counties (out of 3,091 in the dependents, as the Board suggests. We now Nation) had a food program. It consisted of have special feeding programs, including a the distribution of five surplus commodities breakfast program, for· schools in low-income M~TARYPROCUREMENTAUTHOR worth about $2.20 per person per month. areas; for Head Start and other non-school IZATION8-ANNOUNCEMENT OF Only 3¥2 million people were reached. Presi feeding. POSITION ON AMENDMENTS dent Kennedy's first executive order doubled We do not, however, have all the authority the amount and increased the variety of that this Administration has asked for. Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I was unable these foods. Accomplishing most of the Board's 14 rec to be present in the Senate during the Surplus distribution provided only non ommendations will take new legislation and consideration of four amendments of perishable foods and could not provide foods several billions of dollars from the Congress. fered to S. 3293, authorizing certain ap ·adequate to a balanced diet. By executive Many of their ideas are workable and would order I established a pilot food stamp pro help the Nation meet its commitment to the propriations for the Department of De gram that allowed the poor to purchase a. poor. fense, and of two amendments offered variety of foods in grocery stores. The Con When and if they are presented to the to H.R. 14940, authorizing funds for the gress later made the program permanent Congress I will look forward to giving in Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. and vastly enlarged it. · full the Department's views on them. Had I been present, I would have voted Today 2,200 counties have food programs, "yea" on all six amendments. These two-thirds of the counties in the U.S. Today, (From the Washington Post, Apr. 24, 1968] amendments were offered by the Senator 5.8 million people are being fed, nearly double HUNGER IN AMERICA from Michigan [Mr. HART] to limit au the number 7 years ago. Those still on direct distribution now re The Citizens' Board of Inquiry into Hunger thorizations for research and develop ceive 16 different foods worth four times the and Malnutrition in the United States has ment to $7,366,600,000; by the Senator amount they received in 1961. Food stamp performed a public service by its appraisal from Wisconsin [Mr. NELSON] to reduce recipients multiply their food dollars by $15 of the problem of malnutrition in this coun by $342.7 million authorizations for mis million a month, $180 million a year, in ad try. Its eloquent and dismaying picture of siles; by the Senator from Kentucky ditional food purchasing power. They have a the effects of dietary deficiencies in this country ought to produce at least some in [Mr. CooPER] to bar use of funds for de much more nutritious diet than is possible ployment of an anti-ballistic-missile sys with direct distribution. dicated improvements in state, local and federal administration of existing programs. tem until the Secretary of Defense has Compared to the peak year of direct dis is tribution, 1962, when $253 million was being Better yet, it should stimulate a re-examina certified to Congress that the system spent to feed the poor, this fiscal year $360 tion of our whole approach to this problem. practicable and its cost can be deter million is being expended in direct distribu It is unfortunate, however, that the com mined with reasonable accuracy; by tion and food stamps, a 70 percent increase mittee went so far afield into agricultural the Senator from New York [Mr. JAVITS] in funds. policies never intended, except incidentally, to weigh as a favorable factor in award to deal with this problem. Were the com Although this progress is substantial, we mittee to succeed in bringing about the abo ing defense contracts the undertaking by realized it wa-s not enough. So over the past lition of the major and basic farm programs, a contractor to employ a substantial nine months this Department has: which it criticizes, farm income would drop number of unemployed or low-income 1. Gained commitments from local govern 60 to 70 per cent, there would be more rural persons thereon; by the Senator from ment to begin food programs in about 200 poverty than ever and there would no Gov Pennsylvania [Mr. CLARK] to authorize of the 330 poorest U.S. counties. ernment food programs at all. $33 million for ACDA for 3 years; and 2. Extended food assistance to another The committee criticizes the farm pro also by Senator CLARK, to authorize $20 one million people. grams for not achieving welfare purposes 3. Reduced the amount needed for food they were not designed to achieve and blames million for ACDA for 2 years. stamps to 50 cents per person per month an acreage retirement program for giving for the poorest of the poor. large payments to those who have large acre 4. Cut the payment in half for first month ages-a logically inevitable result. It com A MEMORIAL TO DR. MARTIN participants. plains that farmers earning more than $20,- KING Reaching the remainder of the Nation's 000 a year get 54 per cent of total farm pay Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, in the poorest counties has our top priority. In ments; but farmers in this category produce aftermath of the tragic assassination of some of these areas local authorities refuse 54 per cent of aU sales of farm produce and Dr. Martin Luther King, thousands of to cooperate. Ten days ago we initiated di so are sharing proportionately. rect federal distribution of food in one of This is a kind of criticism of the acreage citizens around the country expressed these counties, Elmore in Alabama, when we adjustment programs that has been made not only shock and grief but their con were unable to get a commitment from local since they started. It is based on a confusion cern that substantial action be taken by government to administer the program. Sim about the object and purpose of these pro the Congress and executive branch in ilar action will be taken next month in a grams which the committee's own distorted the wake of his death. number of other counties. In addition, we history further beclouds. Among those were more than 3,000 are now paying all or part of food pro None of this detracts from the social im members of the Yale community in New gram administrative costs in many poorer portance of the committee's findings about Haven, Conn., who signed a petition sent counties that are cooperating. nutrition. Hunger on the !male they have dis to the offices of the congressional dele We would do even more if we had money closed should not be tolerated in this coun to do it with. We have reached our budget try. It is an aspect of the larger problem of gates from Connecticut. I ask unanimous limit during this fiscal year on extending poverty as a whole. As Willard Cochrane, consent that the text of the petition be food stamps to more persons. Extension of economic adviser to the Secretary of Agricul printed in the RECORD. the program to more people would mean ture, pointed out in 1965: There being no objection, the petition reducing the amount of bonus stamps to per "Rural poverty has become a hard-core was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, sons already in the program. phenomenon. Poverty begats poverty in a as follows: 10500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, 1968 We who a.re members of the New Haven whether living 1n the metropolitan cen to conduct business as usual. But Dr. King's and Yale Community a.re grieved at the ters of the Nation or in rural communi brand of nonviolence is far from. conduct as death of Dr. Martin Luther King. We do not ties, can become better neighbors and usual. It is sacri1lcial. And for it to have a believe, however, that mere expression of ghost of a chance of succeeding, it must be grief is a satisfactory atonelll.ent and hom citizens by understanding the dilemma matched by an equally militant and sac age for his death. The history o! civil rights as described by Judge Coffin. rificial response. legislation over the past twelve months has There being no objection, the address We a.re, as a nation, at a watershed. For we been informed by neither reasonable pru was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a.re tempted to respond to the illegal violence dence nor humanity, but represents an utter as follows: of minorities by asserting the legal violence travesty of justice. We urge you that a fitting which a tnajority can always impose. Even REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE FRANK M. CoF and necessary memorial for Dr. King is the before the tragedy of April 4, observers of the immediate passage of legislation which will FIN AT THE MEMORIAL SERVICE FOR DR. American scene were fearful of a swing of the guarantee the personal dignity and constitu MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., PORTLAND HIGH national pendulum to a society, in Robert tional rights of every human being in this SCHOOL, PORTLAND, MAINE, APR!L 7, 1968 Lowell's words, of "piety_and iron". This dan land. When a great man dies in the evening of ger is now more acute. But Dr. King~s death his years, the world pauses in Iningled sad must make it clear that the healing way is ness and gratitude for his gifts to human for the majority now to share the burdens of PASSENGER TRAIN SERVICE ity. So we felt about Einstein, Schweitzer, self purification, patience, and restraint. At and Pope John. least for a time white people can not expect Mr. MciNTYRE. Mr. President, anyone When such a man dies in the ripeness of their etiorts to be greeted With gratitude. At who has ever had to take a train dur his powers, the world grieves over its un least for a time we must labor Without the ing the past 10 years owes a tremendous measurable loss-as it did over Dietrich Bon satisfaction of being loved. OUr own love Will debt of gratitude to John S. Messer of hoetier, Adlai Stevenson, and Dag Hammar be put to the acid test by working for bitter the Interstate Commerce Commission. skjold. people who Will not trust us, who Will call us Mr. Messer's ruling, announced yes When such a man is cut down by the hand "Whitey" With contempt, and will refuse the terday, that railroads must maintain of a deranged assassin, the world bleeds and hand of fellowship. This Will wound liberal its heart aches-as it did over Lincoln, Gan egos. But to ask that we swallow insults, yet minimum standards of service for pas dhi, and John F. Kennedy. patiently and in good spirit work more ener senger trains is heartening and gives But when such a man is struck down by getically for a society of equal opportunity some hope that sometime it may once an assassin who pulled the trigger of a hate and dignity for all, is no more than what again be enjoyable to take the train. and a hardness of heart which are products Martin King has always asked of his followers. It is my hope that the full Commission of our times and ourselves, do we have the We in Maine may feel remote from Mem will adopt Mr. Messer's ruling and rec courage, the candor, and the love to give phis, Birtningham. Montgomery, and even ommendation at its earliest opportunity. meaning to our mourning? Washington, Detroit, and Chicago. By and If our mourning is not to slide into an large, we like to think of ourselves as a re If Mr. Messer's ruling is adopted, it easy and cheap sentimentality, this should laxed, tolerant, and fair people. It 1s easy will mean that passenger trains must be be a time of honesty, purification, and dedi for us to be sympathetic, open hearted, and clean, that they must provide proper cation. We have been selective in our grief understanding. But whatever our parlor talk, heating and air conditioning, that long and in our memory. Who recalls Mr. and it is easiest to be blandly inditierent to the distance trains provide dining-car and Mrs. Harry Moore, the Florida NAACP lead canker of discritnination which still exists sleeping-car service, and that the rail ers killed over a decade ago? or Reverend in our own state and communities. For we roads will no longer be permitted to George Lee? or even Medgar Evers? And how are not free of the impurity that struck down many of us were perhaps relieved when vio Dr. King. downgrade service and standards delib lent death came to Malcolm X? I suspect Our body politic, if one looks closely, has erately in an effort to make fewer and that the purity of the grief of the white its running sores. We would like to shut our fewer people take the train. moderate today is . tainted by his anguish eyes to our blighted Indian compounds, to American passenger trains are notori that the apostle of non-violence has been our tattered pockets of rural and urban ous for their lack of service and comfort. snatched away. poverty, to a genteel, stabilized, unostenta And the time will soon come when the Only twelve days ago Dr. King dared to tious, and accepted discrimination against skies over the United States will reach say in restless Harlem: "We need an alter both Jew and Negro. And, despite the splen native to riots and to titnid supplication. did brotherhood among the leadership of a saturation point as more and bigger Nonviolence is our most potent weapon." our faJ.ths which brings us together today, planes compete for the traveler's dollar. This was comfortable doctrine. Even those we still have a residual amount of patroniz High-speed rail service still provides who had criticized Dr. King for his earlier ing condescension if not intolerance. Wheth the best hope for moving large numbers associations or for his opposition to govern er our symptoms are ugly eruptions on the of passengers over great distances. ment policy in Viet Nam came to look on him surface or a low grade infection within, the Mr. Messer's ruling is a first step in as the only butier between us and ugly vio disease is tlie same-man's inhumanity to lence. We applauded his stand. We even man. what may well become a new "get sensed that it jeopardized his continuing In closing, I can do no better than use tough" policy with the Nation's rail leadership. But we never asked ourselves: the words which Dr. King used at the death roads. what does it take on our part to make Dr. of President Kennedy. In a prophetic way It is about time that something were King's "Inilitant nonviolence" a workable they are even more applicable to Martin done to improve and expand railroad principle? Luther King than to President Kennedy. service. Today'.s ruling comes about 10 I am afraid that we looked on this as a one He said: years late; nevertheless, it is a welcome way proposition. We felt it reasonable to de "We were all involved in [his] death.... ruling and a hopeful sign for the future. mand patience and restraint from Dr. King's We tolerated hate; we tolerated the sick stim 22 million constituents, not so much in order ulation of violence in all walks of life; and that progress be speeded but that we avoid we tolerated the differential application of a backlash which could undo our gains. The law, which said that a man's life was sacred ADDRESS BY HON. FRANK M. front page of our morning paper was a les only if we agreed with his views. . . . We COFFIN IN HONOR OF DR. son in irony. The banner headline at the top mourned a man who had become the pride MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. read: "More violence scars America." A of the nation, but we grieved as well for our- Sinaller headline at the bottom read: "Open selves because we knew we were sick .... If Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, Hon. Housing Seen Eroding Liberty." The story [his] tragically pi"emature end ... will Frank M. Coffin, of Portland, Maine, told of opposition in MaJ.ne to the modified prove to have so enlarged the sense of hu circuit judge on the 'U.S. Court of Ap open housing provisions of the civil rights manity of a whole people, that in itself will peals, delivered the principal address at bill based on the fear that passage would be a monument of enduring strength." bring a repressive backlash. The time is now; the place is here. a memorial service for Dr. Martin What we do not realize is that nonvio Luther King, Jr., at Portland High lence is not acting as human beings normally School on April 7. act under pressure, insults, deprivation, and CANDIDATE NIXON SHOWS RARE Judge Coffiin's remarks sum up the often the application of brute 'force. Dr. dilemma both blacks and whites face in King's way required tremendous discipline, COURAGE the race issue, and his remarks accu subordination of tb,e self to indignities, and Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, in yester rately describe the special problems of a surpassing faith in the ultimate power of day's CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD, I notice love to bring about not so much victory as that the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. responsible white Americans in working reconciliation. We asked all this. In return to resolve the issue. we had to say that if we were to avoid a tax HRUSKA] has placed a series of editorials I ask unanimous consent that Judge increase, other expenditures were more ur and articles commending Dick Nixon on Coffin's remarks be printed in the REc gent than those for education and poverty liis campaign positions. Senator HRUSKA ORD, because I think every American, programs. As nearly as we could, we wanted in his own remarks especially com- April 24, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL-RECORD- SENATE 10501 mended the former· Vice President on whence they "have looked into the valley of trade practice of dumping. In a speech his candor and courage in refusing to despair." before the Senate on Ap~il -4 I outlined join the current mania for seeking to win What was he talking about? the major conclusions of the report and Here's the way he put it: votes by spending the taxpayers' money What we are talking about now is an again recommended that we take action for any and every project which tends immediate financial crisis. And for any candi to insure this matter be handled in the to meet a need, postpone a problem, or date or any political leader to come before correct constitutional manner. offer some -hope of .Providing the candi the American people and tell a group of the I would like now to bring to the at date with blocs of voters come next No poor, a group of people in poor housing, a tention of my colleagues a letter by Nor vember. Dick Nixon courageously said~ group of people who want jobs, that right man Garland which appeared in the now the federal government is going to mas Washington Post for April 20, 1968, un I refuse to play the game that way. sively increase its spending program-that's Nixon's wise statesmanlike statement dishonest and it's a cruel delusion to whom der the title "Dumping Code Flap." Mr. is a sharp departure from prevailing it's told. Garland, recognizing the constitutional trends and judging from the audiences And I'm just not going to join that game, significance of the Executive's usurpa I have addressed recently and the volume whether it costs the election or not. tion of congressional authority, is re The nation is engaged in the war-the plying to a recent Post editorial which of correspondence I am receiving, it has third bloodiest foreign war in history-and it had essentially taken the position of the impressed and encouraged a great seg simply does not have the blllions of dollars to administration that we should get on ment of American feeling which is sick spend as suggested by the President's Com with implementation of the code in spite and tired of grandiose promises to spend mission on Civil Disorders, even if this were glittering gold extracted from the tax the proper answer, which is open to consider of the legal and constitutional questions payers-to promote the political interests able doubt. involved. of either an ambitious candidate or his Administration action, taken in concert I ask unanimous consent that Mr. Gar political party. Certainly, if the Nixon with other nations, to halt the run on gold land's letter may appear in the CoN and to stabilize the U.S. dollar, has been only GRESSIONAL RECORD. example is followed by others, it may well a temporary remedy for the crisis which usher in a new day in American politics, There being no objection, the letter was Nixon mentioned. Congress is aware that ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as which in itself would greatly diminish there must be severe cutbacks in federal the present perils of disastrous inflation. spending to accompany imposition of a stiff follows: Promising to spend the other fellow's tax surcharge if the budget is to be balanced DUMPING CODE FLAP dollars on personal political preferment and the dollar slide halted altogether. In an editorial appearing in The Wash Enactment of appropriations in the multi ington Post on April 11, you discussed the is not the watermark of statesmanship. billions on the domestic front before the "Dumping Code Flap" and expressed views I join the many others who are con Vietnam war can be brought to an end which surprised me. The editorial shows a gratulating Dick Nixon on this bold and would perpetuate deficit financing and lead misunderstanding of the U.S. domestic-law brave renunciation of the dismal but to almost certain disaster. definition of dumping, the economic defini frequently successful formula of "spend, Offering instead -a program of his own for tion and impact of dumping, and the effect spend, and spend" and ''elect, elect, and "job banks" and bringing private enterprise of the new International Antidumping Code elect." I hope that all other candidates into the slum areas to provide decent jobs upon international trade. Even more im for the Presidency will reexamine their for Negroes, the former Vice President quite portant, however, is the editorial's failure obviously was laying his candidacy on the to recognize the main issue in the "Dump campaign appeals and follow the salu line. ing Code Flap." tary standards which Nixon has estab Until now in the campaign, such candor The U.S. Tariff Commission, in one of its lished for his own campaign. and honest approach has been entirely lack most carefully considered reports of recent Indicative of the widespread editorial ing. O'n the Democratic side, both Sen. Ken years, objectively and fully analyzes the support commending Dick Nixon on his nedy and Sen. McCarthy have been too busy Code, 'Comparing lt with the U.S. Anti statements in Minneapolis and elsewhere, with their campus 'Visitations to tackle -the dumping Act. A majority of this body, which reject the concept of trying to subject at all. Preoccupied with the war, charged with enforcement of a- part of the buy the votes of citizens with their own President Johnson has dodged it and has Antidumping Act. has concluded that the avoided comment on the Commission report. code is in direct conflict with U.S. domestic money, and tc win their support by reck Vice President Humphrey, who may an less and unredeemable promises of a gay law. Assuming this conclusion to be correct, nounce this week, speaks glibly as usual but the Executive Agreement which the U.S. and untroubled tomorrow for every fine phrases do not solve situations. entered Into with the other nations which body, is an editorial from the Deep South, Surely it must be dawning on Negro lead were parties to the Code, would be held where respect for the dollar and for ers -that they have not been getting the invalid and ineff·ectual in our courts. It thrift has long been evident in many truth and nobody can know better than they is not, as you allege, "unfortunate" that a quarters. I .allude to an editorial pub that the mere spending of money is not the majority of the Taritr Commission is of this lished in yesterday's edition of the Roa answer to the ·anguish of their people. view; rather, it ls unfortunate that tne Ad Mr. Nixon displays rare courage at a time ministration cnose to enter into such an noke, Va., World-News. I ask unanimous when demagoguery is rampant. Unless we consent that it be printed in the RECORD. agreement without being absolutely sure miss our guess, the American people are in that such agreement was In strict conform There being no objection, the editorial a mood to listen. If his frank and open stand ity with U.S. law. A vital Constitutional compels his rivals of both parties 'to face the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, issue is at stake~ Whether tbe President as follows: subject with candor there is hope that as a nation we shall do more than just try to and the Executive branch has the power to CANDIDATE N~XON SHOWS RARE COURAGE muddle through. contravene the law of the land by mere Political cartoonists' namecalling -and oppo executive fiat. . sition jibes to the contrary notwithstanding. To suggest that the International Anti Candidate Rich-ard M. Nixon grew tremen A VITAL CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUE IS dumping Code is good and therefore justi dously in stature last week as he insisted on fies U.s. participati-On, is to pun· oneself up talking sense to the American people in the AT STAKE by one's bootstraps. If the Administration midst of partisan whoopla which at times was Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, recently has not acted properly, its difficulties cannot almost nauseating. the U.S. Tariff Commission reported to be cured by labeling all those who disagree First of all, the former Vice President made the Senate Finance Committee its views "protectionists." Nor can the fundamental an extraordinary impression Friday in Wash issues be blithely· ignored in the na.me of ington as he talked extemporaneously on na concerning Senate Concurrent Resolu free trade. Nor should the Executive branch tional and world problems to an assemblage tion 38, which declares it the sense of proceed with probable unconstitutional ac of newspaper executives noted for hard-nosed Congress that the International Anti tions rationalized only by the self-serving appraisal of politicians and their motives. dumping Code, signed at Geneva on declaration that the courts can later untan It was Saturday at Minneapolis, however, June 30, 1967, .is in conflict with the gle the matter. that Nixon earned the right to brand new American domestic law, the Antidumping Dumping is viewed as the antithesis of respect when he pitched into the current Act of 1~21 as amended. free trade in most na.tions. Dumping consti cultivation of Negro votes by labell1ng "pie The Commission ~eport took cogni tutes an unfair trade pra-ctice in in tema in the sky" promises of massive federal fi zance of this conflict and noted the seri tional trade, and under U.S. law has been nancial spending "dishonest and a cruel foUlld to be harmful with or without a con delusion." ous constitutiona-l implications raised by spiracy or predatory inten-t. Economists Without mentioning names, he charged the Executive's lone ·action in -altering nearly unanimously agree that dumping dis that the ghetto dwellers have been misled present standards and procedures for rupts free trade. In ·fact, U.S. businessxnen and "taken to the mountain top" from making determinations of the unfair could be heavily fined and might even go 1lo ~ 10502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April 24, 1968 jail for doing in domestic trade what some I said, "Sir, I want to be a success here, an emergency. The presence of both nuclear types of dumping do in international trade. and I have been told that the best thing to weapons and conventional forces constitutes While bringing an unfounded charge of do-is just be myself." a fiexible response which presents a strong dumping might very well constitute a non He studied me for a few moments, and deterrent to any would-be aggressor. tariff trade barrier, dumping itself is a far then said, "Young man, you have been given Apart from the formal agenda I had the more pernicious barrier to free trade. very bad advice." opportunity to talk privately both with my NORMAN M. GARLAND. It is seven weeks today since I first walked Defense colleagues and with other Europeans WASHINGTON. into my office at the Pentagon and assu.med who had no official status. I found that many the duties that fall to the ninth Secretary Europeans had questions similar to those of Defense. I knew then that the duties were that are raised in this country. And their NBC'S PROGRAM, "MAN AND to be arduous, not only from my own past questions, sometimes asked obliquely and THE SEA" experience in government, but also from my sometimes quite directly, centered upon this close reading of the newspapers which were one basic subject: Is American really in trou Mr. PELL. Mr. President, the National unstinting in their advice to the ninth Sec ble? They wondered whether somehow we had Broadcasting Co., as part of its series retary, and in their warnings-and even, on become a stumbling giant, unable to cope on the future, presented on April19 a 1- occasion, in their compassion. either with our own most pressing domestic hour program entitled "Man and the I had learned from the columnists and problem or with our most acute international Sea." analysts that the eighth Secretary of Defense involvement. The program was a vivid portrayal of had been a gentle, even lovable Dove--who Our European friends were troubled, as our was stepping aside for a bloodthirsty old own people at home are troubled, by the cur the exciting prospects the sea holds for Hawk, me. rent strife in our cities and the status of our man in the coming decades. It presented Knowing that the credibility of these efforts in Vietnam. objectively the progress we have made in writers is beyond question, I worried with as They are asking whether we have lost the exploiting the resources of the oceans much sincerity as I could muster, about the formula for continuing our social pregress and the technological and political prob dreadful things that I was about to do. without unleashing a volatile and fiery in lems that remain 'to be solved if man is The newspapers told me of many other ferno of civil disorder. to realize the full potential of the oceans problems that I was facing. One story out of They are asking there, as many are asking Saigon summed up Vietnam for me: here, whether we are bogged down in Viet in the future. It said, "From the mist-shrouded northern nam, struggling in a confilct that we can I was particularly pleased, Mr. Presi highlands to the swamps of the Ca Mau neither win nor abandon, at the expense dent, at the recognition given in the pro Peninsula the news is bad-all bad." of our abillty to cope with our other obli gram to the international legal uncer I was told that "My Pentagon" was using gations and responsibilltles throughout th& tainties that exist in regard to ownership up all the nation's gold, that I would shortly world. send another 200,000 soldiers to the war, and and jurisdiction over ocean resources. It that the office elevator wouldn't work. ;r gave them the answer I want to give to was indeed these same uncertainties that Needless to say, I wasn't the least bit dis you today. America is not in trouble. It is led me last month to introduce in the couraged. With the help of my many ad steady on its course. It is making progress. Senate a draft Treaty on Ocean Space. visors-even including those working for the Of course we have not yet solved all our I find it most encouraging that these in government--! was sure that I could at least problems, either foreign or domestic, in Viet ternational problems are gaining wide get the elevator working. nam or in the cities. public recognition. Athough I would wish to speak to you to I find this a source of neither hmniliation day under any clrcmnstances with as much nor embarrassment. No nation in history has As one who has a deep interest in the candor as possible, there now exists a par ever solved all the problems of humanity. We development of this country's oceano ticularly compelling case for me to do so, in the United States have every reason to be logic programs, I want to ·commend the without concern over possible political proud of our record. This nation has never television network, the producer of the implications. been, and is not now, a stumbling giant. program, Mr. Craig Fisher; Mr. Stan That reason is the selfiess and personally Throughout our history, it has had the faith Rosak, codirector with Mr. Fisher; and noble decision of President Johnson volun and the courage and the willingness and the tarily to remove himself as a candidate for ability to face its problems, to meet its chal Mr. Frank McGee, the narrator, for a lenges and work towards solutions of its very competent presentation of a broad re-election this year. He has taken this ac tion in order that he can deal more effective difficulties. and complex subject. By focusing atten ly with the peaceful resolution of our prob The problems of the past have not been tion on both the prospects and problems lems, both in this country and in the world. overcome without a price and without pain. of ocean development, NBC has made an It was an unprecedented act of Presiden The problems of today-those facing us important contribution to public under tial patriotism. both in the jungles and rice paddles in Viet standing. His personal renunciation of a legitimate nam and in the aging and crowded centers of political aspiration in the cause of peace evi American cities-will cost us dearly. dences a concept of duty in the highest tradi But let the pessimists and the doubters THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE AD tion of our American system. always remember this: We have the resources DRESSES THE ANNUAL LUNCHEON History will, I predict, rank this extraordi and determination to surmount these ob . OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS narily able man in the top echelon of our stacles . Presidents-not only for this unique disre You are due a progress report on our Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I ask gard of private ambition, but because no problems, and I would like today to begin unanimous consent that an interesting President in thts nation's history has accom with a report on Vietnam. and thought-provoking address by Hon. plished as much in the fields of civil rights, In Europe and here at home, some people Clark M. Clifford, Secretary of Defense, education, public health, poverty, housing continue to ask why we have concerned our before the annual luncheon of the As and urban development, and conservation selves in what they term the backwaters sociated Press last Monday be inserted and environmental improvement. of Asia. And they wonder whether this in at this point in the RECORD. As a personal matter, I am grateful to volvement in what they regard as an internal him for the opportunity to serve his ad Vietnam conflict is inconsistent both with There being no objection, the address ministration. our traditions and with our over-all na was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The day before yesterday I returned from tionalinterest. as follows: my first meeting with the Defense Ministers They ask questions which are even more ADDRESS BY CLARK M. CLIFFORD, SECRETARY OF of the Nuclear Planning Group of the NATO basic. They ask whether we can ever win DEFENSE, BEFORE ANNUAL LUNCHEON OF countries held at The Hague. or even disengage from Southeast Asia with THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, NEW YORK CITY, This was an exceedingly valuable expe our national honor intact. APRn. 22, 1968 rience for me personally, for it constituted a My first answer is that I believe deeply Mr. Miller, ladies and gentlemen, I consider dramatic illustration of the effectiveness with in the necessity for our presence in Viet my presence here today to be particularly which we can work together with our allies nam. We are assisting that brave and be appropriate from a personal standpoint. in planning a joint defense against possible leaguered nation to fight aggression, under Not only have I received generous and future aggression. the SEATO Treaty and for the same reasons sympathetic treatment by the press, but, I was impressed by the open and free that we extended our aid to Greece and Tur from time to time, I have profited greatly by discussion among nations that have a com key over twenty years ago. individual contacts with prominent mem mon aim in finding solutions to problems This is in the tradition of the Truman bers of your profession. in an atmosphere of mutual confidence and Doctrine which announced twenty years ago I recall clearly, although it was almost trust. that we would help defend the liberty of twenty-five years ago, when I first arrived in It was clear to me that from this meeting peoples who wished to defend themselves. Washington, that I had an important con there emerged a better collective under Where, some ask, is the America of the versation with the then Dean of the Washing standing of the role that various nuclear Marshall Plan? ton coiTespondents. weapon systems coUld play in the event of It is in South Vietnam today carrying on April 24, 1968 CO:NGRESSI'ONAL RECORD- SENATE the same tradition; It is providing economic not bend South Vietnam to its will by inlli- Examples of a breakdown of law and order aid to help put that resolute country back tary force. . do not establish that the entire nation has on its feet. The Marshall· Pian performed We concluded that Americans will not need lost its way in a tangled jungle of emotion precisely the same mission' for the w.ar:..shat always to do more"and more, but rather that and extremism. ' · tered countriElS of Europe. And I might stress the increased effectiveness of the South Viet Part of this problem was solved With the that some of'·those countries have no ·larger. namese .Government and .its fighting forces Civil War. PaTt was solved With a historic a population-and indeed some are ·even wiU now ·_permit us to level off our ef!ort- decision of the Supreme Court in 1954. Part smaller-than the country of South Vietnam. and in due time to begin the gradual process was solved a decade later when President We went into South Vietnam in force in of reduction. Johnson proposed and Congress enacted per 1965-when it was on the verge ·of being cut The review established to our satisfaction haps the most fundamental piece of legisla in half by Hanoi's intervention. We went in that Southeast Asia is not for us a "bottom tion on civil rights ever passed by an assem to save the people of South Vietnam, when less pit." . bly of free men. other nations would not, and they could not. The review confirmed the judgment, al In 1965, and just now in 1968, the Presi We went into South Vietnam in force to ready reached by President Thieu, that the dent achieved the passage of more sweep provide a shield behind which the people of South Vietnamese were ready to take on more ing laws in this field. Indeed, no President South Vietnam could gradually strengthen of the responsibility and to carry more of the since Lincoln has accomplished as much for themselves. military burden. a minority group as Lyndon Johnson. And they are doing so. As we level off our contribution of men, we The ferment and difficulties in the country They are calling up another 135,000 troops. are accelerating our delivery to the South today over these issues are not the sign of And they are going to take over more and Vietnamese armed forces of the most modern failure. They are not a sign that our national more of the fighting. weapons and equipment. fabric is being ripped apart. They are a sign The America that brought NATO into We are increasing their supply of M-16 that irrational inequities cannot be sup being is the same America supporting free-: rifles. By July of this year, all combat ele pressed. dom "in .Asia today-and for the :Asians, not ment s of the regular South Vietnamese Of course violence and destruction in our for the Americans. ground forces are to be equipped with the streets cannot be condoned-and no sane There is not a square foot of South Viet M-16. By November, 1968, 100,000 more M- man condones them. But neither should the nam that we want to keep. There is not a bag 16's will have been provided to the Regional causes be ignored. of rice in South Vietnam that we need. There and Popular forces. In addition, the South Of course law and order must be main 1s not a base, nor -a port, nor a landing field Vietnamese expanded Airborne Division is re tained. But we must also face the challenge in South Vietnam that is going to remain ceiving M-60 machine guns, M-79 grenade and eliminate the remaining injustices that American. Our aim there is identical with launchers and M-29 mortars. The shipment condemn some citizens to an environment that which we had, and will continue to have, of about 2,000 trucks and more than 6,000 that breeds despair and violence. in NATO. We want only to assist the people radios is being expedited. America has met similar challenges in the of the area to acquire the ability to ensure As the South Vietnamese gain in military past to the lasting betterment of all our their own security. strength, and as the enemy continues to people and the improved ability of our sys Of course there are those who say that sustain losses, we still hope, however, for a tem to meet the continuing demands of a the prospects are bleak and that the situa peaceful settlement instead of a military dynamic society. tion is hopeless. solution. A stable peace 1s the only true vic One such epic challenge was that of the This is not the first time ln history that tory for Vietnam. As a result of the Presi labor movement. Many today overlook the those on the sidelines have been without dent~ s actions and at least a minimal re turbulence ·and trial through which it put hope. sponse from Hanoi, there is some reason for our social conscience. The whole long, hard There were. many who were faint-hearted hope. America has always held out its hand struggle for the rights of the working man about Berlin when the Soviets blockaded it. in peace, hoping our adversaries would grasp the whole rich history of the trade union They said that the odds were against the it. We continue to hold out our hand today movement was attended by prophecies of United States position there, that the city and perhaps the fingertips will soon touch. doom. was not really defensible, that it would be But if Hanoi would rather fight than talk, In thait period, also, some believed that an cut off and strangled, no matter what we or elects both to talk and fight, the record infection of violence was spreading across did-and they said that it was best to give of the success we have already achieved America. Existing statUJtes were challenged, up gracefully and just get out. shows that military victory in South Vietnam strikers and strike-breakers fought in our Some of the comment I hear about South is beyond Hanoi's reach. streets, debates raged over rights and princi Vietnam has the same ring of despair. The attempt of the North to take over the ples and duties. To some it seemed that our Other critics, both here and overseas, ask South by force of arms has been prevented. country was being torn apart, that its foun why it is that we, with all our military might, The South Vietnamese have acquired the dations were being shaken, that our political cannot defeat North Vietnam. But they over capacity to begin to insure their own secu institutions were being paralyzed. look the point that we are not attempting to rity through thetr own efforts. We will con Men were kllled then. Families suffered conquer North Vietnam. We are not trying to tinue to help the South exploit these suc then. The n' Mr. President, on that committee that are being_depleted have been taken pollution of Waiki~i Beach by oil. The serve a number of very able Senators who away and are gone. In tbat way we will elimination of this pollution would be come from States where the Federal have something th_at p~ople can use in one use for which the moneys could be Government owns large amounts of land. definitely into the future to provide in expended. The revenues from those lands, from the come and opportunity for the people. In I am personally very much impressed timber resources and the oil and gas be other words, the resources of the sea by the potentials of oceanography. It has neath · those lands., can equally be re do not constitute merely a pot of go\d been reported thrut, with the employment garded as a natural resource belonging that somebody locked onto. They are a of the proper techniques in this field, the to all the· people of the United States. God-given asset. They were intended to fish catch would be improved 100-fold. But in years past, Congress has found a be used by mankind. It has been said furthermore that there higher us.e for the revenues derived from Mr. President, the bill as written is a are enough food and minerals in the the minerals under those federally owned wrong step in the right direction. To ocean bed to supply mankind for time public lands than to put them to recrea accomplish an altogether salutary . end, immemorial. tional uses. 'l'he higher use, in the main, it would, in an unnecessary way, make Would the Senator oppose any move to has been to take the depleting resources meaningless our normal appropriating earmark these moneys for the develop that have been developed from th01$e process and would absolve Congress of its ment of ocean resources? lands, _and use the revenues thus derived responsibility to plan and carry out an Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. President, to build .power facilities, to capture the active and direct role in the :fiscal proc it would seem to me that the first order of waters of the streams that flow through esses of the Federal Government. priority, if we are talking in terms of or within the areas, to build irrigation I will not dwell further on this point, earmarking the funds derived from the structures, and to make arable arid lands since my senior colleague from Louisiana depleted resources, would be to put some which would otherwise be nonproductive, [Mr. ELLENDER], a member of the Appro thing in the place of what we are taking so that when the resource is depleted, priations Committee, has already ad away. If we are talking about the re there will be something there to take its dressed himself to this point. I do want to sources of the sea and the resources from place. :J;>eople can. then live on the land, emphasize strongly, however, that the beneath the sea, we certainly would not farm it, and make i.ncome from it. They method proposed here to :finance this want to leave the sea as one big cesspool can make it productive. fund is imprudent, unwise, and wholly with more dead fish floating on the sea A Federal program of tpat sort is di unnecessary. There is no valid reason than were swimming in it. We would riot rected toward those States where large for linking the Outer Continental Shelf want to leave it so putrid that people am"Ounts Qf .Federal land are lo~ated. revenues to the needs of the land and dare not go swimming· in it or enjoy it. This is a better use, because it takes water conservation fund, and shoula the We would want it to be useful. the depleting resource and uses the in sponsors agree to an amendment sever The first principle of conservation is come from it to develop the s~me geo ing this ill-conceived connection and that from the beginning we should re graphical area that is being depleted .. proceed through normal channels to pair the damage done from the time we I suppose it never occurred to the fund this worthy program, I would be start to exploit those resources. sponsors of this legislation that the happy to support their good cause. Let us take one simple example. The Outer Continental Shelf itself is a vast There are other and perhaps more sea is suffering horrible pollution. The resource of the Federal Government. It compelling reasons for refusing to link pollution covers a large area. The cur can be claimed to belong to all people up offshore mineral revenues with the rents move the pollution around. One of the United States, should not be dam land and water conservation fund. There area suffers from pollution for a while aged or destroyed. It should be used con can be no valid argument for tying the and then later it is not quite as bad. structively for development of its re- - two together. However, some areas stay polluted con sources, so that when those resources are As I understand the argument ad stantly at the present time. gone, we may have not just a polluted vanced in the committee report accom I have but to refer. the Senator to the site or an eyesore for the country, but panying S. 1401, there is clearly no justi Potomac River flowing past the Nation's instead a great national asset that may fication in terins of sound fiscal planning Capital. If the child of the Senator fell continue to produce, and from which for bypassing the normal Appropriations in that river, the Senator would be well people can make their livelihood when Committee procedures of this body. As a advised to take the child to the doctor they can no longer work it to produce result, the argument of the sponsors of immediately and have the child exam oil, gas, phosphates, sulfur, and other the bill rests entirely upon the creation ined. The doctor would be well advised minerals from the sea. of a fictional connection between the to put the child 1n the hospital for a Some day, those resources will be gone. Outer Continental Shelf and the need of week or two for fear that he had acquired Some day, I have no doubt, we will suc our citizens for recreational facilities. typhoid or hepatitis. ceed 1n convincing the majority of both The proponents attempt to justify the The Potomac River was once a valu the House of Representatives and the tapping of Outer Continental Shelf re able asset. When President Johnson Senate that the enormous resources of ceipts and the dedicating of them by signed the bill-for which there was very the ocean, those on the Continental maintaining that this connection repre meager funding-to do something about Shelf of the United States in particular, sents sound conservationist policy. pollution, he referred to the fact that should be. developed, and that the prece Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, will the Theodore Roosevelt proudly walked out dents set by the reclamation laws, that Senator yield? from the White House and swam in the took the revenues of that development Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I yield. Potomac River where the Washington and reinvested them in providing re Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, I am sorry Monument now is, which would be within sources that would -last for many years, that I was not present to listen to the re easy walking distance from the White if not hundreds of years and indefinitely marks of the able Senator from the very House. into the future, if they were developed beginning. However, I gather that the Sometimes an oil well comes in with a and properly used, should be followed pending bill proposes to use funds de fantastic pressure from below the sea in seeking to :find higher purposes for rived from the Outer Continental Shelf that blows all pipe, tubing, and casing these revenues than to dedicate them to in the interior of our country. into the air, and it costs millions of dol recreation. Does the able Senator not feel that it lars to get down and counterbuild it so as That is something, however, that would would be a bit more logical to use these to shut off the flow of oil into the sea. have to depend on the judgment of Con funds to enhance the ocean resources? While that is being done, oil is coming gress. And, if such a decision should .be For example, I can see many uses thrut . out under thousands of pounds of pres reached, at least it should follow the will be derived from oceanography. One sure per square inch. The entire area is sound conservation principle that we would be to clear up the pollution in our :filled with pollution. It is brought under would first use revenues from those re waters, not Just the .. rlvers, but also the control eventually. sources to repair the damage done to it oceans. When people find oil under the sea or by exploiting it and, second, would use I was quite interested in and impressed land, they put that oil in tankers, some the revenues to develop something that by the remarks.of the distinguished Sen of which hold as much as 100,000 gallons could be put there when the resources ator from Louisiana yesterday about the of oil. Sometimes those tankers· are de- CXIV-662-Part 8 10510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE April ·24, 1968 stroyed during war. At other times, the - find some grain, compared with what he hind Japan, for example, in developing ravages of the sea breaks a tanker in two. would have if he plowed the land. its sea resources. Perhaps in some re Airplane pilots have reported oil slicks In Louisiana, we had vast areas that spects this is due to the fact that Japan as large as 100 miles wide and 3 or 4 miles were regarded as relatively useless had greater need. But this Nation has long. marshland. The Louisiana Land and Ex neglected its water resources more than Recently, an oil slick drifted onto the ploration Co. recently undertook to see any other resource. coast of England. They had a bad season if it could produce shrimp in that land, Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, will the as a result of that. They could not swim and they found that they could produce Senator yield further? or enjoy that recreational area because 200 pounds of shrimp per acre by simply Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I yield. the water was filled with oil which had controlling the mixture of sea water with Mr. INOUYE. I have been told that our floated in from the ocean. fresh water, the fresh water being the scientists in the United States know more If one wants to exploit the resources rain that fell, and the land being sub about the surface of the moon than of the sea, he should first repair the jected to inundation by the sea. By con about the ocean bed. If this is so, it is a damage that is being done by producing trolling the salinity of the water, they shameful situation, because the potential the oil around and moving the oil. It is could produce 200 pounds of shrimp per on the ocean floor, for example. for min true that some of the oil is not produced acre. ing purposes is literally unlimited. from the sea, but the pollution of the I am told that in India, and perhaps The funds that are concerned in this sea is becoming greater and greater. in some other areas where they have bill come from the ocean floor-primarily I would say that if a big oil slick that been working at this matter longer, they from oil wells. Why cannot these funds was miles wide washed up on Waikiki are producing 1,000 pounds of shrimp be used now for the mining of, say, Beach and stayed there for a few months, per acre. magnesium or phosphate or bauxite, the economy would suffer greatly be If one compared that with the yield of which scientists tell us should be in cause people who wanted to go there and the sea, it would be approximately immense quantities on the :floor of the enjoy the recreational facilities of many times its potential, when we con ocean? These are the minerals and the Waikiki Beach and the other gorgeous sider what happens to the schools of natural resources we need to keep our beaches of Hawaii would not be able to tiny larvae of shrimp in the sea. The Nation progressing. enjoy them. The beaches would be ruined. larger shrimp eat millions of them a Mr. LONG of Louisiana. There is no Mr. INOUYE. We would have to apply day. If one simply cut off the predators, reason at all why it cannot be done. All for disaster funds. killed the bonitas and the other fish that is needed is the money to develop Mr. LONG of Louisiana. That is about that are feeding on the larvae, so that the method and to find the ways to do the size of it. the growth of these resources could be it. Furthermore, Mr. President the demand for land and water conservation complim~nted for his leadership in bring Our State has more money available funds will .continue to outstrip the supply ing to the :floor of the Senate S. 140!1.. lt than· there is-Federal money to match, of -these funds. Statistics gathered in Cali fornia indicate that the local cities, counties, is noteworthy also that the v~te of ~e particularly for park developments. I am and special districts are capable of matching Senate Interior Committee in reporting informed by Ernest E.·Day, chairman of funds from the land and water conservation this bill, as amended.• was~ unanimouS. the Idaho State ~Park ·Board, that the fund to at least four times the amount now The Land and Water Conservation State's ou.tdoor recreation needs cannot being received by California from the fund, Fund Act, which this bill wou.ld be met ~ at the ·current level of funding. which is approximately $3 ¥:! million. strengthen, has met an urgent need in I am sure this same situation must "California ls proud of its record in the dis the Nation as a whole and in Michigan. exist in other States, which have been tribution of these funds. Of the $11 million I was a cosponsor of the original bill, .I encouraged to place a -priority on their received, we have distributed this money to as 57 separate projects; $6,400,000, or 59 percent, am of S. 1401, recognizing as I do that outdoor recreation programs. has been obligated to 35 acquisition projects, our generation has an obligation to pre At the same time, I think Idaho'-s pro 4 of them State and 21 local; $4,500,000, or 40 serve unspoiled areas for the refresh gram bears out the success of this legis percent, has been for 31 development proj ment of future generations. lation and represents, in my judgment, ects. 7 State projects and 24 local; and $100,- The fund desperately needs additional an outstanding example of effective part 000, or 1 percent, has been obligated for one sources of revenue. It is also imperative nership between Federal and State Gov planning project. It should be noted that the tha t the Secretary of the Interior be ernments in this field. percentage distribution of acquisition proj ects over development prqjects is consistent provided with ~ advance contract authority I am .more than pleased to join in the with that suggested by the Bureau of Out and with authority to acquire options. fullest support of this important meas- door Recreation. All of us who have struggled to establish ure. "Of the 57 fun.ded projects, 43 are local national parks or lakeshores in our STATEMENT OF POSITION projects' sponsored by 33 separate local ju States are aware of the destruction of Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I have a risdictions: 15 counties, 15 cities and 3 recre scenic values and the land-cost escala scheduled engagement in Wisconsin ation and park districts represent the local tion that take place during the years that jurisdictions. These are distributed quite starting tomorrow. I am unable to ascer evenly throughout the entire State. Twelve are involved in securing congressional tain whether or not we are going to vote State proJects have been funded. Six of these approval of the proposal. on the pending amendment to the bill on projects are the responsibility of the Depart Admittedly, Mr. President, I have a Thursday, Friday, or at all this week, ment of Parks and Recreation and six o! parochial interest in this legislation. The or whether there will be an agreed-upon "them are the responsibility o! the Fish and acquisition and development plan at the time to vote next week. I hav~ discussed · Wildlife Conservation Board. recently established Pictured Rocks Na the matter with 'the majority whip. He "Of the $11 million received in California, tional Lakeshore will be drawn from this has advised me that, in the event there $3,200,000 has been requested or paid out by fund, as will future expenditures for our should be a vote on Thursday or FridaY-· the end of the current fiscal year, June 30, long overdue Sleeping Bear Dunes Na 1968, and before the end of this fiscal year, which he does not know, either-he will an additional $2 million will be either re tional Lakeshore. But all Senators have undertake to get a pair for me. quested from the Federal Government or dis land preservation proposals-large or If I were present, I would vote against bursed to participants. California has re small-which are in a now-or-never the pending amendment and for the bill, ceived, in addition to the $11 million, ap status and for which the answer will be s. 1401. proval for $~,500,000 from the Secretary's never unless this bill passes. special contingency fund; $2 million of this Mr. President, I join in urging Senate has been received and disbursed for the ac appr oval of this important bill. The REPEAL OF SECTION 315-FEDERAL quisition of the. Pepperwqod Grove project ~ in COMMUNICATIONS ACT the Humbolt Redwoods State Park. The addi Michigan Department of Conservation, tional $1,500,000 will be received by the end which has responsibility for our State's Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, 9 years of the current fiscal year. This will complete water pollution program as well as for ago, in 1959, I introduced a bill to repeal the contingency fund project. our land resource program, has given section 315 of the Communications Act "The Department held during the month this legislation high priority. It is in of 1934. Later I suggested that, at the of January 1968, four public hearings to di~ truth emergency legislation. very least, newscasts and public affairs cuss the rules and regulations for the dis Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I would bursement of Federal funds to State agencies programs be exempt from the provisions and local jurisdictions. Although land ac like to express my strong support of S. of this section. quisition remains critical, particularly for 1401. I can think of no more important From my proposed Fair Political the larger metropoll tan areas, the rural areas conservation legislation in this session Broadcasting Code of 1959, came an of "the State feel that there must ~ be greater of the Congress than this bill to put new easing to the restrictions imposed upon emphasis placed on development in order for and .adequate resources into the land and broadcasters. This was, in fact, first om them to