DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Second Responders in the Christchurch Emergency: a Wellington Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Second Responders in the Christchurch Emergency: a Wellington Perspective Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies Volume 18, Number 1 Fallen through the cracks? The role of second responders in the Christchurch emergency: A Wellington perspective earthquake risk throughout New Zealand. However, Beverley McNally on September 4 2010 at 4.35 a.m., this complacency Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia. was shattered as, Christchurch City, New Zealand, © The Author(s) 2014. (Copyright notice) experienced a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. The quake Author correspondence: was located on a previously unidentified fault line at Dr Beverley McNally Darfield (40 kilometres west of Christchurch City), at a College of Business depth of only 10 kilometres (Geonet, 2012). Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar, 31952 As this earthquake occurred in the early hours of the Saudi Arabia morning, there was no loss of life directly attributed Email: [email protected] to the event. However, injuries did occur and its URL: http://trauma.massey.ac.nz/issues/2014-1/AJDTS_18-1_McNally.pdf location and severity meant there was considerable Abstract damage to essential services and infrastructure. In response, municipal authorities and governmental This paper explores the deployment of second organisations from around New Zealand sent employees responders from the Wellington region to Christchurch to the Christchurch region to assist in the restoration of during the civil emergencies of 2010 to 2011. Both essential services. These employees were referred primary and secondary data were analysed using a to as second responders. For the purposes of this realist thematic approach. It was revealed that there study, a second responder is defined as: a worker who were a group of people, known as second responders operates during the response and recovery phases of - employees of local authority and governmental an emergency once the area has been made safe by the organisations, who ‘fell through the cracks’ of the first responders (Laughey, 1989). Second responders emergency management framework. This paper argues may include construction workers, water and sewage that the definition, identification and training of second workers, building inspectors and staff who provide responders have to be prioritised as a part of emergency aid to those affected by the emergency (Betan, 2010; management activities. This exploratory study provides Laughey, 1989). the basis for further research into the role of second Then, on 22 February 2011, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake responders and the challenges confronting both them occurred just 10 kilometres south-east of Christchurch, and those responsible for their deployment. again on a previously unidentified fault line (Geonet, 2012). Many buildings that had remained standing Keywords: Christchurch, earthquakes, second after the 7.1 September 2010 earthquake had been responders, emergency management weakened. The damage caused by the initial quake New Zealand’s position on an earthquake fault line has and the subsequent aftershocks, in excess of 10,000, led to it being referred to as the “shaky isles”, in both meant that they could not withstand this 6.3 event the popular press and academic literature (Blanchard, and consequently they collapsed. The timing of the 2007; Gilbert, 2008; Johnston, Becker, & Paton, 2012). earthquake at 12.51 pm (lunch-time) meant many Yet, as Dowrick and Rhoades (2011) contended, that people were in the central business district streets prior to the Christchurch 2010 and 2011 earthquakes, and in their office buildings. Consequently, there were there have been relatively few major earthquakes in fatalities and a greater number of injuries than occurred New Zealand’s recent history, particularly in terms in the September earthquake. The substantial damage of seismic events located in highly populated areas. that occurred impelled the city authorities to request Dowrick and Rhoades (2011) went on to state that the help from international emergency rescue and recovery last event with a significant number of fatalities occurred teams (first responders) to concentrate on finding those in Napier in 1931. Thus, as Johnston, Becker and Paton, people trapped in buildings together with the recovery of (2011) contended, this situation had led to a high level bodies. Again, municipal authorities and governmental of complacency and a limited understanding about organisations from around New Zealand sent second 9 trauma.massey.ac.nz McNally Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies Volume 18, Number 1 response teams to the area to assist with the restoration restoring vital systems to minimal operational levels. of essential services. These responders operated within The extended recovery process includes restoring the the framework of the Civil Defence Emergency Act 2002 community’s quality of life to at least the same level as (Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management, it was before the emergency. Wilding (2011) wrote, that 2014). This Act sets out the requirements for emergency for this recovery phase to be fully effective then resilient management in New Zealand and provides for the all communities are vital. The development of community the phases of the emergency management framework resilience allows the affected communities to grow the and has at its core the emphasis on regionalism at skills, knowledge and ability required so people are able a local government level. As a result, all emergency help themselves during an emergency. This includes management phases are the responsibility of local the identification of the networks of professionals who government and related local agencies. are able to respond to meet the social, economic and health needs of the community (Paton, Johnston, & Accordingly, this study explores one aspect of the Houghton, 1998) response to the Christchurch earthquakes – the challenges confronting managers who were responsible Coleman (2005) went on to assert that while each of the for the deployment of secondary responders from the phases of the emergency management framework is Wellington area to Christchurch from 2010 to 2011. This unique, they frequently overlap each other, particularly background context informed the following research the latter two. However, the effectiveness or otherwise question: What barriers, problems and dilemmas were of an emergency management response is often encountered by emergency management staff when determined in the prevention and preparedness/planning deploying second responders to Christchurch during phases. As stated by White (2011, p. 253): “The quality the emergency? of these two phases determining how well resources within a society can be mobilised to ensure an effective The emergency management framework and its response, thereby facilitating an optimal recovery from role a disaster.” The following definition of emergency management Current thinking ascribes equal priority to all the was adopted for the purposes of this study: “emergency elements of the emergency management framework management is the managerial function charged with (Wilding, 2011). Therefore, to ensure an effective creating the framework within which communities response to an emergency it is imperative that resources reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters” and responsibilities within the emergency management (Dowrick & Rhoades, 2005, p. 4). discipline are planned and co-ordinated both efficiently When managing in a crisis emergency managers are and effectively (Coleman, 2005). Yet as E. Lagadec guided by the principles of an emergency management (2009) argues, the networks of stakeholders that exist st framework that comprises four key phases (Blanchard, in the 21 Century and who take part in the planning, 2007; Petak, 1985; Sandhu, 2002; Subramaniam, response or recovery phases add new levels of Hassan, & Faridahwati, 2010; Waugh & Streib, complexity during crises such as that experienced in 2006). First, is the reduction phase, which involves Christchurch. stakeholder groups, for example, politicians, emergency Subsequently, Johnston et al. (2012) drew attention to professionals and community groups, deciding how to evidence in international research that emphasized the mitigate the health, safety and welfare risks to a society importance of strong local government capacity and a affected by an emergency. This is achieved, in part, cohesive system of public, private and volunteer groups by the implementation of a risk reduction programme. in the response and recovery phase. That is, there is Second, preparedness and planning, which consists of a cohesive system of networks where the sharing of developing a response plan and training first responders knowledge and skills between the different agencies and to save lives and reduce disaster damage. Third, the groups is of the highest quality (Britton, 2001). Thus, response phase, that is concerned with the provision the argument of P. Lagadec (1993) was acknowledged, of emergency aid and assistance, thereby reducing where he stated that emergency management research secondary damage and maximising the recovery phases. must not only provide answers for those involved crisis Finally, phase four, recovery, which includes providing management. It should also broaden horizons and focus immediate support early during the recovery period, thought, so that an awareness of the problem is not the 10 trauma.massey.ac.nz Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies McNally Volume 18, Number 1 only outcome. Accordingly, emergency
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Community Resilience, Capitals, and Power Relations
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Community Resilience, Capitals, and Power relations: Stories from the Waimakariri District about the aftermath of the 2010-2011Canterbury Earthquakes in New Zealand. A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand. Martín García Cartagena 2019 ABSTRACT Situated on the southern Pacific Rim, New Zealand’s seismic profile has long posed risks for New Zealand communities. In this geological context, fostering community resilience to natural hazards is vital and resilience is beginning to be mainstreamed into New Zealand’s planning and emergency management systems. However, a challenge emerges: how can the complex and contested concept of community resilience be operationalised in practice? This thesis addresses this question by critically evaluating how community resources and assets can be framed as community capitals, and exploring how these were mobilised in the Waimakariri District; an area affected by the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquake sequence. A novel conceptual framework, the Community Resilience Capitals Framework, is developed on the basis of a literature review on resilience and capitals integrating Social-Ecological Systems theory, community resilience theory, and multi-capital frameworks. The research was underpinned by social constructionism, framed by a critical inquiry perspective and conducted using a Community-Based Participatory design. A mixed-methods approach was applied to explore the breadth and depth of Waimakariri post-Canterbury earthquake recovery stories.
    [Show full text]
  • Dealing with Data During an Emergency Catherine Burns Database & Supporter Care Manager New Zealand Red Cross
    Dealing with Data During an Emergency Catherine Burns Database & Supporter Care Manager New Zealand Red Cross #bbcon2017 Social Goodness @NZRedCross @nzredcross Facebook.com/NewZealandRedCross linkedin.com/in/catherine-burns-b742a9a7 #bbcon2017 Random fact about me Most Saturday nights, and for 24 hours in most holiday weekends, you will find me playing strategy board games with my friends and Wellington On Board members. https://boardgamegeek.com/user/KiwiCat #bbcon2017 New Zealand Red Cross Fundraising environment #bbcon2017 Red Cross and Raiser’s Edge Date Status 2013 June Went live with Raiser’s Edge combining two databases into one. 2014 October Raiser’s Edge database moved from National Office server to a private Red Cross cloud. It could only be accessed from within the Red Cross network/firewall. 2016 January Started detailed business continuity planning across the organisation and identified lack of remote access to Raiser’s Edge as a critical issue. 2016 February One remote computer was set up in Hamilton with Raiser’s Edge installed so we could process monthly payments remotely if necessary. This required a double remote desktop connection to access from outside the Red Cross network. 2016 March Added move to Blackbaud hosting to budget and business plan for the 2016/17 FY. Not scheduled due to lack of buy in from Red Cross IT to provide data and any additional support required for the transition. 2016 November We had ten Raiser’s Edge users at National Office in Wellington plus four community fundraising staff and one planned giving officer located in other parts of the country with access to Raiser’s Edge.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaky Isles Economic Impact of the Canterbury Earthquake
    6 September 2010 Shaky isles Economic impact of the Canterbury earthquake damage to at least one dairy manufacturing plant, although it • The earthquake that struck the Canterbury region is expected to return to normal operation within days. There is this weekend has resulted in extensive damage to sure to be as-yet unreported damage to productive capacity infrastructure and property, with early estimates elsewhere. putting the total damage at around $2bn, or 1% of national GDP. A survey of the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake – which was of • Reconstruction efforts are likely to be a net positive comparable magnitude to the Canterbury quake – found that for measured GDP – but the national balance sheet 57% of businesses suffered some degree of physical damage; has undoubtedly been weakened by this event. about 22% of premises suffered structural damage, although • The local nature of the event, and a high level of ultimately only 2% were condemned. 1 The median loss was preparedness for it, should limit the implications for about NZ$12,000 in current price terms, reflecting the fact financial markets. that most firms were small (though there were a few very large losses; the largest in the survey was $35m). The 7.1 magnitude earthquake that struck Canterbury in the early hours of Saturday morning resulted in no loss of life, but More than half had to close temporarily, even if only for a few has wrought extensive damage to infrastructure and property. days. The most common reason given was employees unable to Media reports have varied from 5% of buildings sustaining get to work (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's Ambassador Report – January 2006
    Article from: International Section News July 2006 – Issue No. 39 New Zealand’s Ambassador Report – January 2006 by Richard Geisler ew Zealand sits astride the earthquakes go, 2005 was an average year Australian and Pacific tectonic with two quakes bigger than 6.0 and 24 N plates, which produced our spectacu- between 5.0 and 5.9. lar mountain ranges. As the plates continue to There have been some disastrous quakes in grind together we can offer visitors a walk New Zealand’s short history. The most tragic through fascinating areas of visible geothermal was the Hawkes Bay quake in 1931 that activity (geysers and bubbling mud) as well as levelled the town of Napier causing 256 deaths the occasional rumble when you least expect it. and 500 injuries. Napier was rebuilt in the As this is an actuarial report, I’ll discuss a bit styles of the 1930s and is now a beautiful stop about how this risk is mitigated for New on any tour as the art deco capital of the world. Zealanders, and then see if I can entice you to Add volcanoes and tsunamis to the earth- visit the “Shaky Isles.” quake risk, and occasionally there are some front-page stories of particular interest to insurers. Due to the risk of extensive property loss from natural disaster, the New Zealand government created the Earthquake Commission. The EQC (http://www.eqc. govt.nz/) provides insurance to residential property owners to cover damage caused by earthquake, natural landslip, volcanic erup- tion, hydrothermal activity and tsunami. New Zealand is known as the “Shaky Isles.” Mt.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW ZEALAND Queenstown South Island Town Or SOUTH Paparoa Village Dunedin PACIFIC Invercargill OCEAN
    6TH Ed TRAVEL GUIDE LEGEND North Island Area Maps AUCKLAND Motorway Tasman Sea Hamilton Rotorua National Road New Plymouth Main Road Napier NEW Palmerston North Other Road ZEALAND Nelson WELLINGTON 35 Route 2 Number Greymouth AUCKLAND City CHRISTCHURCH NEW ZEALAND Queenstown South Island Town or SOUTH Paparoa Village Dunedin PACIFIC Invercargill OCEAN Airport GUIDE TRAVEL Lake Taupo Main Dam or (Taupomoana) Waterway CONTENTS River Practical, informative and user-friendly, the Tongariro National 1. Introducing New Zealand National Park Globetrotter Travel Guide to New Zealand The Land • History in Brief Park Government and Economy • The People akara highlights the major places of interest, describing their Forest 2. Auckland, Northland ort Park principal attractions and offering sound suggestions and the Coromandel Mt Tongariro Peak on where to tour, stay, eat, shop and relax. Auckland City Sightseeing 1967 m Around Auckland • Northland ‘Lord of the The Coromandel Rings’ Film Site THE AUTHORS Town Plans 3. The Central North Island Motorway and Graeme Lay is a full-time writer whose recent books include Hamilton and the Waikato Slip Road Tauranga, Mount Maunganui and The Miss Tutti Frutti Contest, Inside the Cannibal Pot and the Bay of Plenty Coastline Wellington Main Road Rotorua • Taupo In Search of Paradise - Artists and Writers in the Colonial Tongariro National Park Seccombes Other Road South Pacific. He has been the Montana New Zealand Book The Whanganui River • The East Coast and Poverty Bay • Taranaki Pedestrian Awards Reviewer of the Year, and has three times been a CITY MALL 4. The Lower North Island Zone finalist in the Cathay Pacific Travel Writer of the Year Awards.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Novels of Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee
    chapter 17 Katabasis “Down Under” in the Novels of Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee Elizabeth Hale Two writers of fiction for young adults have dominated the New Zealand liter- ary scene in the past few decades. Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee are well- known, both at home and abroad, for their intelligent, sensitive, and dramatic fantasy, historical, and science fiction novels, which bring exciting action to the shores of this small country in the Southern Pacific Ocean. New Zealand consists of three islands, and is located in the very far South. Along with Australia it is affectionately known as the Antipodes, or “Down Un- der.” The first human inhabitants, Polynesians, are thought to have migrated to the islands in the thirteenth century, forming the seeds of what became the Maori culture. They called the islands Aotearoa, or Land of the Long White Cloud. The first Western sighting of Aotearoa was in 1642 by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman; the Dutch called the place Nova Zeelandia. The name became Anglicised after James Cook visited the islands in 1769–1770. European migra- tion began in the nineteenth century, first by missionaries and then by set- tlers, in an organised scheme of land purchase and farming. The country was claimed as part of the British Empire, following the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840; it has remained in the Commonwealth, and the bulk of its population is of Brit- ish origin. The population is currently around four million people. It has strong political ties to Australia, the uk, and the United States, and is a leader in the Pacific region, with links to Asia as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Martin Salter Embarks on an Epic Tour of One Marked Along with Every Emptying Point of the Most Beautiful Countries on the Planet and Major Tourist Attraction
    FOREIGN TOURING NEW ZEALAND HERE CAN be few motor caravanners with a wanderlust who T haven’t considered a trip around the stunning landscape of New Zealand. Sadly, ‘The Shaky Isles’ have had a tough 12 months but I’m pleased to report that NZ is recovering and open for business. This is a country that rivals France in terms of being campervan friendly – as long as you’re not in a hurry. The roads are good NEW but winding, sometimes steep and often narrow. Motorways as we know them are virtually non-existent, but so are traffic jams. Buy the excellent Hema series of maps, BOUNDARIES preferably before you go, and you will find more than 1,200 motorhome parks clearly Beautiful South: Lake Hawea Martin Salter embarks on an epic tour of one marked along with every emptying point of the most beautiful countries on the planet and major tourist attraction. Alternatively also home to the amazing Driving Creek blazing sunshine, was simply awe-inspiring. DID YOU 2 you can head for one of the 200 or so Railway built by local potter Barry Brickell. We drove through the dramatic Haast Pass KNOW? 2 ) camping grounds managed by the The views across the Hauraki Gulf from and camped on the shores of Lake Wanaka New Zealand covers an area(the of 268,021km UK covers Department of Conservation (DOC). the ‘Eyefull Tower’ at the top of the track on the basic but beautiful campsite at 243,610km These range from serviced sites to little are simply stunning, as was the food at the Boundary Creek, before exploring the lakes more than a place to park by a stream.
    [Show full text]
  • Katabasis “Down Under” in the Novels of Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee
    chapter 17 Katabasis “Down Under” in the Novels of Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee Elizabeth Hale Two writers of fiction for young adults have dominated the New Zealand liter- ary scene in the past few decades. Margaret Mahy and Maurice Gee are well- known, both at home and abroad, for their intelligent, sensitive, and dramatic fantasy, historical, and science fiction novels, which bring exciting action to the shores of this small country in the Southern Pacific Ocean. New Zealand consists of three islands, and is located in the very far South. Along with Australia it is affectionately known as the Antipodes, or “Down Un- der.” The first human inhabitants, Polynesians, are thought to have migrated to the islands in the thirteenth century, forming the seeds of what became the Maori culture. They called the islands Aotearoa, or Land of the Long White Cloud. The first Western sighting of Aotearoa was in 1642 by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman; the Dutch called the place Nova Zeelandia. The name became Anglicised after James Cook visited the islands in 1769–1770. European migra- tion began in the nineteenth century, first by missionaries and then by set- tlers, in an organised scheme of land purchase and farming. The country was claimed as part of the British Empire, following the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840; it has remained in the Commonwealth, and the bulk of its population is of Brit- ish origin. The population is currently around four million people. It has strong political ties to Australia, the uk, and the United States, and is a leader in the Pacific region, with links to Asia as well.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Published Sources on Christchurch
    Local history resources An annotated bibliography of published sources on the history of Christchurch, Lyttelton, and Banks Peninsula. Map of Banks Peninsula showing principal surviving European and Maori place-names, 1927 From: Place-names of Banks Peninsula : a topographical history / by Johannes C. Andersen. Wellington [N.Z.] CCLMaps 536127 Introduction Local History Resources: an annotated bibliography of published sources on the history of Christchurch, Lyttelton and Banks Peninsula is based on material held in the Aotearoa New Zealand Centre (ANZC), Christchurch City Libraries. The classification numbers provided are those used in ANZC and may differ from those used elsewhere in the network. Unless otherwise stated, all the material listed is held in ANZC, but the pathfinder does include material held elsewhere in the network, including local history information files held in some community libraries. The material in the Aotearoa New Zealand Centre is for reference only. Additional copies of many of these works are available for borrowing through the network of libraries that comprise Christchurch City Libraries. Check the catalogue for the classification number used at your local library. Historical newspapers are held only in ANZC. To simplify the use of this pathfinder only author and title details and the publication date of the works have been given. Further bibliographic information can be obtained from the Library's catalogues. This document is accessible through the Christchurch City Libraries’ web site at https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/local-history-resources-bibliography/
    [Show full text]
  • When a City Falls – the Christchurch Earthquakes 2010 and 2011
    When a city falls – the Christchurch earthquakes 2010 and 2011 Lynn Campbell At 5.43 on Saturday 4th September, 2010, the Canterbury district in New Zealand was shaken by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake. The epicentre was located 40 kilometres west of Christchurch and had a focal depth of 10 km causing widespread damage which affected the whole of the South Island. No one died during this earthquake but buildings were badly damaged. On December 26th there was another big aftershock but again with no loss of life. However on the 22nd of February at 12.55 pm there was a 6.3 magnitude aftershock centred near the Port of Lyttelton that devastated central Christchurch and killed 182 people, most in the central city district in relatively modern buildings. The severity of this quake was caused by the fact that its focal depth was only 5 km deep. It was the shallowness of the shake that caused the major wide scale destruction. What was unexpected and caused major consternation among gallery staff was that the Christchurch Art Gallery third in line to be a Civil Defence hub should a disaster like this happen. This fact had never been communicated to gallery staff. On arriving at the gallery at 5.30 am, to assess the impact on the collections and exhibitions, in September it was with great confusion to find thousands of Civil Defence staff taking over the Gallery including the exhibition spaces. New Zealand is known as “the shaky isles” because minor tremors are not uncommon. This unknown fault came as a complete surprise to earthquake experts around the country and overseas.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication SUMMER 2016
    communication SUMMER 2016 VOLUNTEERING IN PERU PROGRAMMING AT ALLENVALE RYLA 2016 LINDA BURKHART Editorial – R. Lucas van Ryn [email protected] contents 01 EDITORIAL As the end of the year is upon us, some things are winding attended RYLA this year and tells us about the range of leaders 02 PRESIDENT’S REPORT down, only for us to get busy with others. Although the crazy she met with, the importance of follow-through in what you say, 03 LINDA BURKHART WORKSHOP 2016 season is here, I trust that you have made holiday plans and that and the value of reflection (p. 4). 04 ROTARY YOUTH LEADERSHIP AWARDS 2016 the Summer break will bring you some time for reflection and Mereti Howe and her Speech-language Therapist Marie contemplation and to spend with friends and family. I also hope Jardine give us an insight into the intensive care setting—from 05 OBITUARY: CHRIS JUSTIN that all of you have stayed safe through the recent Kaikoura both a patient’s and therapist’s perspective—through their 06-07 VOLUNTEERING IN LIMA, PERU earthquake. journey of combating Myasthenia Gravis, a neuromuscular 08-09 AREA UPDATES This issue of Communication Matters highlights the range disease (pp. 12-13). Mereti comments she was “sad . to leave 10-11 ALLENVALE STUDENTS: FROM CONSUMERS TO CREATORS of things us Speech-language Therapists get involved in. Megan people I now consider friends, who helped me over a really Chinnery shares her experience of volunteering as a Speech- challenging five months in hospital.” 12-13 MYASTHENIA GRAVIS: AN UNPREDICTABLE JOURNEY language Therapist in Lima, Peru (pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Willows Or Natives for Stream Bank Control: a Survey of Usage in New Zealand Regional Councils
    2008-09/1 Use of willows and natives for stream bank control in New Zealand: a survey of regional councils Prepared for Stakeholders of the Motueka Integrated Catchment Management Programme December 2008 Landcare ICM Report No. Motueka Integrated Catchment Management Programme Report Series: December 2008-2009/01 Use of willows in stream bank control in New Zealand: a survey of regional councils 2008 Willows or natives for stream bank control: a survey of usage in New Zealand regional councils Motueka Integrated Catchment Management (Motueka ICM) Programme Report Series by Chris Phillips & Christine Daly Landcare Research PO Box 40, Lincoln NEW ZEALAND Phone: 03 321 9775 Fax: 03 321 9998 Email: [email protected] Information contained in this report may not be used without the prior consent of the client Cover Photo: Exposed willow roots in Motupiko River bed following Easter 2005 flood. ii Landcare ICM Report No. Motueka Integrated Catchment Management Programme Report Series: December 2008-2009/01 Use of willows in stream bank control in New Zealand: a survey of regional councils 2008 PREFACE An ongoing report series, covering components of the Motueka Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) Programme, has been initiated in order to present preliminary research findings directly to key stakeholders. The intention is that the data, with brief interpretation, can be used by managers, environmental groups and users of resources to address specific questions that may require urgent attention or may fall outside the scope of ICM research objectives. We anticipate that providing access to environmental data will foster a collaborative problem- solving approach through the sharing of both ICM and privately collected information.
    [Show full text]