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Structural Reform and Economic Policy
Structural Reform and Economic Policy Edited by Robert M. Solow Structural Reform and Economic Policy This is IEA conference volume no. 139 This page intentionally left blank Structural Reform and Economic Policy Edited by Robert M. Solow Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA in association with the INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION © International Economic Association 2004 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2004 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 1–4039–3646–3 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. -
Per La Filosofia, L'epistemologia, Le Scienze Cogn
Università degli Studi dell’Insubria «Centro Internazionale Insubrico “Carlo Cattaneo” e “Giulio Preti” per la Filosofia, l’Epistemologia, le Scienze cognitive e la Storia della scienza e delle tecniche» Direttore scientifico: prof. Fabio Minazzi Biblioteca Aurelia (Lella) Monti Elenco con numerazione dei 1039 voll. Sezioni LM = logica matematica, filosofia della scienza, epistemologia (206 voll.); C = classici di filosofia (175 voll.); F = filosofia, storia della filosofia (87 voll.); P = pedagogia, psicologia (14 voll.); S = storia, economia, sociologia, diritto (265 voll.); L = letteratura, critica letteraria, teatro (140 voll.); LG = linguistica (14 voll.); A = arte, musica, cinema (17 voll.); E = enciclopedie, dizionari (30 voll.); R = riviste (17 voll.); AT = atti di convegni (6 voll.); Msc = manuali scolastici, testi per la scuola (63 voll.); Misc = miscellanea (5 voll.); Ms = manoscritti, documenti e carte varie. Collocazione Sede del Centro Insubrico “C.Cattaneo e G.Preti” di Villa Toeplitz, II piano. Armadi (1-4) con 5 scaffali l’uno, per es.: 2.4 significa armadio n. 2 scaffale n. 4. LM sta in 2. 2., 2.3, 2.4., 2.5.; P, R, A, AT, Misc in 2.5; C in 3.1, 3.2.; F in 3.3.; Msc in 3.4., E in 3.5; S in 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.; L in 4.4, 4.5; LG in 4.5. LM (logica matematica, filosofia della scienza, epistemologia) 56 1. Aa. Vv., La scienza in tasca. Proposta per una bibliografia di informazione scientifica, a cura della Provincia di Milano, Assessorato alla cultura, Bibliografica, Milano 1982, pp. 306 [a cura di Felice Mondella la sezione: Conoscenza comune, conoscenza scientifica e immagine della natura, pp. -
The American Economist Martin Bronfenbrenner (1914-1997) and the Reconstruction of the Japanese Economy (1947-1952): (A Version for Presentation in East Asia)
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Ikeo, Aiko Working Paper The American economist Martin Bronfenbrenner (1914-1997) and the reconstruction of the Japanese economy (1947-1952): (a version for presentation in East Asia) CHOPE Working Paper, No. 2011-11 Provided in Cooperation with: Center for the History of Political Economy at Duke University Suggested Citation: Ikeo, Aiko (2011) : The American economist Martin Bronfenbrenner (1914-1997) and the reconstruction of the Japanese economy (1947-1952): (a version for presentation in East Asia), CHOPE Working Paper, No. 2011-11, Duke University, Center for the History of Political Economy (CHOPE), Durham, NC This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/155446 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. -
The International Economic Association, Delhi, India
THE BALANCE BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Volume 1: BASIC ISSUES This volume is lEA conference volume no. 86 THE BALANCE BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Volume 1 BASIC ISSUES Kenneth J. Arrow (editor) Volume 2 SECTOR PROPORTIONS Jeffrey G. Williamson and Vadiraj R. Panchamukhi (editors) Volume 3 MANPOWER AND TRANSFERS Sukhamoy Chakravarty (editor) Volume 4 SOCIAL EFFECTS Irma Adelman and Sylvia Lane (editors) Volume 5 FACTORS INFLUENCING CHANGE Nurul Islam (editor) These volume are, respectively, nos. 86-90 in the lEA/Macmillan series lEA conference volume series Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the United. Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, England. The Balance between Industry and Agriculture in Econo01ic Development Proceedings of the Eighth World Congress of the International Economic Association, Delhi, India Volume 1 BASIC ISSUES Edited by Kenneth J. Arrow M in association with the MACMILLAN PALGRAVE MACMILLAN PRESS © International Economic Association 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 978-0-333-46713-8 All rights reserved. -
JOSEPH P. NEWHOUSE January 27, 2020 Dr. Newhouse Is the John D
JOSEPH P. NEWHOUSE January 27, 2020 Dr. Newhouse is the John D. MacArthur Professor of Health Policy and Management at Harvard University, Director of the Division of Health Policy Research and Education, and Director of the Interfaculty Initiative in Health Policy. He is a member of the faculties of the Harvard Kennedy School, the Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as well as a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He received B.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from Harvard University and an honorary doctoral degree from the Pardee RAND Graduate School. Following his Bachelors degree, he was a Fulbright Scholar in Germany. Dr. Newhouse spent the first twenty years of his career at RAND, where he designed and directed the RAND Health Insurance Experiment. From 1981 to 1985 he was Head of the RAND Economics Department. In 1981 he became the founding editor of the Journal of Health Economics, which he edited for 30 years. He is a member of the editorial board of the American Journal of Health Economics and a past member of the editorial boards of the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of Economic Perspectives. In 1977 he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) and has served two terms on its governing Council. In 1995 he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a past President of the Association for Health Services Research (AHSR), now AcademyHealth, of the International Health Economics Association, and was the inaugural President of the American Society of Health Economists. -
GDP Concept and the GPI
GDP Concept and the GPI Mitsuhiko IYODA * Abstract GDP is a widely used category, which measures economic growth, and the government for public policy decisions uses that, and so on. A well-known fact is, however, that “GDP is not a measure of economic welfare.” This paper explores weaknesses of the GDP concept: (1) market failures in the measurement of GDP, and (2) the conceptual distortions or limitations viewed from the viewpoint of welfare. Then we deals with one of the recent developments of welfare concern, the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), and the question. Key words: welfare viewpoint, GDP, GNP, GPI. JEL: E01, I31, P46. 1. Introduction The Stiglitz-led commission report (Stiglitz, Sen and Fitoussi ed., 2009)1 was released in 2009, which raised metrics questions. Stiglitz says that national income statistics such as GDP and GNP were “originally intended as a measure of market economic activity, including the public sector,” which is not a measure of societal wellbeing. The current national accounts are flawed statistics, so Stiglitz proposes reforms that will better measure wellbeing. “What we measure affects what we do. If we have the wrong metrics, we will strive for the wrong things. In the quest to increase GDP, we may end up with a society in which most citizens have become worse off.” He also says, “GDP will, of course, continue to be used as a measure of market activity, though hopefully the reforms that we propose will make it a better measure of that.” This paper aims at explaining some weaknesses of the GDP concept, and a developed indicator from the welfare viewpoint, the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). -
Capitalismo Socialismo
1 ANTÓNIO JOSÉ AVELÃS NUNES Professor Catedrático da Facudade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra Doutor Honoris Causa da Universidade Federal do Paraná Professor Honoris Causa da Universidade Federal de Alagoas DO CAPITALISMO E DO SOCIALISMO FLORIANÓPOLIS 2007 2 3 Duas palavras sobre a história deste livro e a sua circunstância Quando este livro nasceu tinha eu trinta anos. E Portugal vivia ainda sob a ditadura fascista, na altura sob a ‘chefia’ de Marcelo Caetano. Os textos que escrevi destinavam-se a ser publicados na revista Vértice, uma revista de inspiração marxista que na altura se publicava em Coimbra, onde nascera no início dos anos 40 do século passado. Como todas as publicações periódicas, a Vértice estava sujeita à censura prévia. E nunca pôde assumir-se como revista de inspiração marxista. Dizia-se “Revista do racionalismo moderno”... Os textos foram, pois, escritos com a certeza de que iriam ser apreciados pela censura, que era, no caso da nossa revista, particularmente dura. Para conseguirmos publicar um número tínhamos de preparar material que daria para dois ou três números, tal o volume dos cortes do lápis vermelho da Comissão de Censura de Lisboa (o regime não confiava nos burocratas que em Coimbra exerciam a função de polícias do espírito). Era difícil, por vezes desesperante, escrever para a censura. O esforço para escapar à tesoura dos censores nota-se em algumas formulações redundantes (às vezes poderão parecer ‘ingénuas’), na busca recorrente da autoridade de certos professores, no subentendido de uma ou outra observação crítica, no ar vago de certas conclusões, na referência indirecta a certos autores ou a certos livros. -
The Evolving Role of the State in Asian Industrialization. John
The Evolving Role of the State in Asian Industrialization John Zysman and Eileen Doherty Working Paper 84 November 1995 Research and work on this paper benefited from the generous support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. - 1 - The debate about the role of the state in economic development and industrial adjustment, which began in Europe, has a new test bed in Asia. Indeed, the task of accounting for both the dramatic pace and distinctive pattern of growth in Asia has begun to collapse the false dichotomies of "state versus market."(1 The East Asian Miracle2 has advanced the conversation or, better still, made a conversation possible. This paper develops three arguments opened by, but not for us satisfactorily developed in, that effort. First, policy interventions that work in one set of historical or institutional circumstances may fail miserably in a different set of circumstances.3 The timing of industrialization, Alexander Gerschenkron contended, set historically specific routes for economic development. Both the international context, defined by security and market competitors, and the domestic tasks, defined by the requirements of leading industries at the moment of development, set in each era a range of development options. The tasks for government, and the capacities required to undertake those tasks, are defined by that range of options. There is not, in this logic, a universally proper role for the state but rather a need to match the capacities and policies of the state to the tasks posed by specific problems of a particular era. Asian development may constitute a new challenge for North America and Europe, but whatever the role of the state, it does not provide a model to be copied. -
The International Economic Association
The International Economic Association A non-profit organization with purely scientific aims, the International Economic Association (IEA) was founded in 1950. It is a federation of some sixty national economic associations in all parts of the world. Its basic purpose is the development of economics as an intellectual discipline, recognizing a diversity of problems, systems and values in the world and taking note of methodological diversities. The IEA has, since its creation, sought to fulfil that purpose by pro- moting mutual understanding among economists through the organiza- tion of scientific meetings and common research programmes, and by means of publications on problems of fundamental as well as of cur- rent importance. Deriving from its long concern to assure professional contacts between East and West and North and South, the IEA pays special attention to issues of economics in systemic transition and in the course of development. During its more than forty years of exist- ence, it has organized some hundred round-table conferences for special- ists on topics ranging from fundamental theories to methods and tools of analysis and major problems of the present-day world. Participation in round tables is at the invitation of a specialist programme commit- tee, but eleven triennial World Congresses have regularly attracted the participation of individual economists from all over the world. The Association is governed by a Council, composed of representa- tives of all member associations, and by a fifteen-member Executive Committee which is elected by the Council. The Executive Committee (1995–98) at the time of the San José Conference was: President: Professor Jacques Dre`ze Vice-President: Professor Anne Krueger, USA Treasurer: Professor Erich Streissler, Austria Past President: Professor Michael Bruno, Israel Other Members: Professor Anthony B. -
Our Wassily: Ww Leontief (1905-1999)
OUR WASSILY: W.W. LEONTIEF (1905-1999) Paul A. Samuelson Leontief had a long and picturesque life in three countries, on two continents. Over sixty years his was a bully pulpit at Harvard and NYU. (It was a nineteenth century Harvard graduate who said, “Good Americans, when they die, go to Paris.” It is I who says: “Good economists, before they die, go to NYU.” Fritz Machlup, Oskar Morgenstern, Will Baumol and Wassily Wassilyovitch Leontief will know I state the truth.) At the editors’ invitation, I speak here for an early generation of Leontief’s boys, those in his special workshop within a golden pre-war Cambridge age. Listed in approximate chronological order, I bear witness for Abram Bergson, Paul Samuelson, Sidney Alexander, Shigeto Tsuru, Lloyd Metzler, Dick Goodwin, Jim Duesenberry, Hollis Chenery and Bob Solow: a baker’s half dozen that owing only to age-related inadvertence omits to mention a few other celebrated names. (Marion Crawford [Samuelson] was at least one gender exception: her 1937 Summa Senior Honors Thesis was written as Leontief’s Radcliffe tutee.) For a long time I was as much younger than Leontief as Solow is younger than Samuelson. However, late in the era of the Soviet Union, revisionist research into Czarist vital statistics pushed back from 1906 to 1905 the birth year of my beloved master. But what signifies age? When I first glimpsed Wassily, brown-suited, dark, scarred and handsome, at the 1934 Palmer House Chicago meeting of the AEA, he looked much the same as when at 69 he left Harvard in a huff for NYU. -
Revisiting Samuelson's Foundations of Economic Analysis
Journal of Economic Literature 2015, 53(2), 326–350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.53.2.326 Revisiting Samuelson’s Foundations of Economic Analysis† Roger E. Backhouse* Paul Samuelson’s Foundations of Economic Analysis played a major role in defining how economic theory was undertaken for many years after the Second World War. This paper fills out Samuelson’s account of the book’s origins and corrects some details, making clear his debt to E. B. Wilson and establishes that turning the thesis into a book was a long process. The contents of the book and its reception are then reviewed. ( JEL A22, B20, B31) 1. Preliminaries decade witnessed the takeoff in the idea that mathematical modeling was central to 1.1 Samuelson and Modern Economics1 both economic theory and empirical work, two facets of economics that were increas- he formative period in the emergence ingly separated. Whereas some of the most Tof modern economics was the decade prominent theorists of the interwar period centered on the Second World War. This (e.g. Frank Knight, Jacob Viner, Allyn Young, John Maurice Clark, or Edward Chamberlin) were uncomfortable about * University of Birmingham. This research was sup- using what would now be considered basic ported by a three-year Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship to write an intellectual biography of Paul Sam- mathematics, after the Second World War, uelson. I am grateful to the Trust for its support. This economic theory became progressively more article marks the centennial of Samuelson’s birth, on May mathematical. There was a similar transition 15, 1915. -
SOCIAL CHOICE RE-EXAMINED Volume 2 This Is Lea Conference
SOCIAL CHOICE RE-EXAMINED Volume 2 This is lEA conference volume no. 117 Social Choice Re-Examined Volume 2 Proceedings of the lEA Conference held at Schloss Bernstein, Berndorf, Vienna, Austria Edited by Kenneth J. Arrow Amartya Sen and Kotaro Suzumura in association with the PALGRAVE MACMILLAN First published in Great Britain 1996 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world UNESCO Subvention 1994--1995/SHSIDS/41 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-25216-9 ISBN 978-1-349-25214-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25214-5 First published in the United States of America 1996 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-12741-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Social choice re-examined : proceedings of the lEA conference held at Schloss Hernstein, Bemdorf, near Vienna, Austria I edited by Kenneth J. Arrow, Amartya Sen and Kotaro Suzumura. p. em.- (lEA conference volume; no. 116-117) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-12739-8 (cloth : v.I).-ISBN 978-0-312-12741-1 (cloth v.2) I. Social choice--Congresses. 2. Social justice-Congresses. I. Arrow, Kenneth Joseph, 1921- II. Sen, Amartya Kumar. Ill. Suzumura, Kotaro, 1944-- . IV. International Economic Association. V. Series: I.E.A. conference volume no. 116-117. HB846.8.S627 1996 302' .13-dc20 95-11796 CIP © International Economic Association I 996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 978-0-333-64646-5 All rights reserved.