MSEDCL Wind Farm for Repowering

Home , Devgad taluka, Mill Creek Wind Farm, Windmill

FEB 2016

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR CRZ CLEARANCE OF

MSEDCL Wind farm for Repowering

VILLAGE –JAMSANDE TALUKA:DEVGAD , DIST – SINDHUDURG, MAHARASHTRA

PROPOSED BY

MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY

DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LTD.

PREPARED BY

Mahabal Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Pollution monitoring, Engineers & Contractors in Environmental Management Plot No. F-7, Road No. 21, Wagle Estate, Thane West - 400604, Maharashtra, India Phone: 2582 0658/ 3139/ 1663/ 3154 Fax: 91-22-25823543 [email protected] EIA of Proposed Repowering of MSEDCL wind farm power Project at Devgad

INDEX

CHAPTER 1 ...... 9

INTRODUCTION ...... 9

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 9

1.2 INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO ...... 13

1.3 WIND REGIME ...... 16

1.4 WIND POTENTIAL ...... 16

1.5 WHY MORE WIND POWER IN INDIA ...... 17

1.6 WIND ENERGY PROGRAM ...... 18

1.7 POTENTIAL OF WIND ENERGY IN MAHARASHTRA ...... 19

1.8 THE SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED ...... 20

1.9 WIND FARM PROJECTS IN DEVGAD ...... 21

1.10 SCOPE OF EIA ...... 22

1.11 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA ...... 24

1.11.1 Study / Evaluation of Project Proposal ...... 24

1.11.2 Baseline Studies...... 24

1.11.2.1 Air Environment ...... 24

1.11.2.2 Noise Environment ...... 25

1.11.2.3 Water Environment ...... 25

1.11.2.4 Land Environment ...... 25

1.11.2.5 Biological Environment ...... 25

1.11.2.6 Socio-economic Environment ...... 25

1.11.2.7 Environment Impact Matrix...... 26

1.11.2.8 Environment Management Plan ...... 26

CHAPTER 2 ...... 27

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 27 M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 2

EIA of Proposed Repowering of MSEDCL wind farm power Project at Devgad

2.1 LOCATION ...... 27

2.2 DETAILS OF THE EXISTING WIND TURBINES ...... 29

2.3 LAND AND PROJECT COST ...... 31

2.4 POWER PLANT CAPACITY ...... 31

2.5 POWER GENERATION ...... 31

2.6 POWER EVACUATION ...... 31

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ...... 31

2.8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...... 32

2.9 WIND GENERATION PRINCIPLE ...... 33

2.10 WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATION ...... 34

2.11 WIND TURBINE INSTALLATION ...... 39

CHAPTER 3 ...... 40

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ...... 40

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 40

3.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 40

3.2.1 Study Area (Project Site) ...... 40

3.2.2 Land Use ...... 41

3.2.3 Topography ...... 41

3.2.4 Geology ...... 42

3.2.5 Soil Characteristics ...... 42

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 43

3.3.1 Water Quality Monitoring ...... 43

3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 44

3.3.1 Climate ...... 44

3.3.2 Rainfall ...... 45

3.3.3 Temperature ...... 45

3.3.4 Humidity ...... 46

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3.3.5 Wind ...... 46

3.3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ...... 46

3.3.7 Present Ambient Air Quality ...... 47

3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 49

3.4.1 Noise Level Monitoring ...... 50

3.4.2 Noise Levels ...... 50

3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 51

3.5.1 Flora ...... 51

3.5 .2 Fauna ...... 53

3.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 54

3.6.1 AMENITIES AND OTHER CIVIC FACILITIES ...... 55

3.6.1.2 Educational Institutes ...... 55

3.6.1.2 Health Infrastructure ...... 56

3.6.2 Agriculture & Crops ...... 56

CHAPTER 4 ...... 58

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS .... 58

4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 58

4.1.1 ONSTRUCTION ...... 59

4.1.2 OPERATION ...... 59

4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT ...... 60

4.2.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 60

4.2.2 OPERATION PHASE ...... 60

4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 61

4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 61

4.3.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE ...... 62

4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 62

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 62

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4.4.1 OPERATIONAL PHASE ...... 63

4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 63

4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 63

4.5.2 OPERATION PHASE ...... 64

4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 64

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 65

4.8 CLIMATE WITH RESPECT TO RAINFALL ...... 66

4.9 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX ...... 66

CHAPTER 5 ...... 68

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM AND ...... 68

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 68

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 68

5.2 ENVIRONMENATAL QUALITY MONITORING ...... 68

5.3 KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT CELL ...... 69

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING ...... 70

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS - MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 71

5.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN : ...... 72

CHAPTER 6 ...... 85

RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 85

6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 85

6.2 ASSESSING RISK IN WIND POWER PROJECT ...... 86

6.3 DISASTER PREVENTIVE MEASURES: ...... 87

6.4 SITE / TURBINE INCIDENTS ...... 89

6.4 .1 MINOR INJURIES ...... 91

6.4.2 MAJOR INJURIES ...... 92

6.4.3 DEBRIS SEPARATION ...... 93

6.4.4 RUNAWAY ...... 93

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6.4.5 FIRE ...... 93

6.5 OTHER EMERGENCIES ...... 93

6.5.1 BOMB THREAT ...... 93

6.5.2 CIVIL DISTURBANCE ...... 94

6.5.3 STORM AND CYCLONIC HAZARDS ...... 94

6.5.4 SEISMIC HAZARD...... 94

6.6 OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CONTROL OF DISASTER ...... 94

6.7 HAZARD EMERGENCY CONTROL PROCEDURE ...... 96

CHAPTER 7 ...... 99

CONCLUSION ...... 99

ANNEXURE I ...... 100

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE EXISTING WIND MILL ...... 100

ANNEXURE -II ...... 101

WIND ROSE OF DEVGAD ...... 101

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 State-wise wind power installed capacity in India ...... 18 Table 1.2 District wise distributions of wind power sites in Maharashtra ...... 19 Table 1.3: Details of proposed project at Devgad ...... 21 Table 1.4: Site specific Details ...... 22 Table-2.1: Coordinates of the Existing Wind Turbine ...... 29 Table 2.2: Coordinates of proposed Wind Turbine ...... 32 Table-2.3: Wind Turbine Generator Specification ...... 34 Table-2.4: Details of the Main frame and Rotor ...... 34 Table 3.1: Coordinates of proposed Wind Turbine ...... 41 Table 3.2 Locations of Soil Sample ...... 42 Table 3.3 Physico-chemical Characteristics of soil sample ...... 42 Table 3.4 Details of ground and surface water sampling locations ...... 43 Table 3.5 Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water ...... 44 Table 3.7 Ambient air quality sampling stations ...... 48 Table 3.8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 48 Table 3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ...... 48 Table 3.10 Ambient noise level monitoring stations ...... 50 Table 3.11 Noise Monitoring Results ...... 50 Table 3.12: Ambient Noise Quality Standards ...... 51 Table 3.13. List of plants observed in the Study Area ...... 52 Table 3.14: Check - list of birds observed in the study area ...... 53 Table 3.15 check-list of mammals in the study area ...... 53 Table 3.16 check-list of reptiles in the Study area ...... 54 Table 3.17: Village as in Sindhudurg district ...... 54 Table3.18: Tahsilwise Percentage Of Literacy In Sindhudurg District ...... 55 Table3.19: Cropping pattern and production in Sindhudurg district (2006-07)...... 57 Table 4.1: Potential Sources of Environmental Impacts ...... 59 Table 4.2 Impact Identification Matrix at project Initiation ...... 66 Table 5.1: Environmental Aspects during Construction and operational phase ...... 68 Table 5.2 Key Responsibilities of Environmental & Social Management Cell ...... 69 Table 5.3 : Environmental Management Plan ...... 70 Table 5.4: Environmental management plan– construction stage ...... 72 Table 5.5 Environmental Management Plan–Operation Stage ...... 81 Table 6.1 : Hazardous Area With Concerned Accidents ...... 87 Table 6.2 Addresses and Phone numbers of External Agencies...... 95

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Potential Wind Energy Sites in India ...... 18 Figure 1.2 Yearwise Wind Power Development in India ...... 19 Figure 2.1 : Location Map ...... 28 Figure 2.2 A) : Google Image of the Project Site ...... 28 Figure 2.2 B) : Google Image of 7Km radius from the Project Site ...... 29 Figure 2.3 Location of Existing and new proposed Wind farm ...... 30 Figure 2.4 Location of propoed Wind farm superimposed on CRZ map ...... 32

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Preamble:

Proposed setting up of the 10MW (8 Nos.) wind farm by dismantling and removal of the existing 1.1 MW (20 no.) capacity wind farm at village Jamsande Tal: Devgad Dist: Sindhudurg, Maharashtra by Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. The project was considered by Maharashtra th th Coastal Zone Management Authority (MCZMA) in 95 Meeting held in 13 January 2015. As per the CRZ notification 2011, for the generating power by Non-Conventional Energy Sources, shall require the clearance from MoEF. th SEIAA in its 86 meeting forwarded this proposal to MoEF for CRZ clearance. Earlier Wind power project of 1.1 MW consisting of 0.55KW x 20 Nos. wind turbine generator were commissioned in the year 1989. Dismantling of existing of 20 wind turbines (55KW) is proposed by replacing new 8 nos. turbines (1250KW) of higher capacity.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed. Human use of renewable energy requires technologies that harness natural phenomena, such as sunlight, wind, waves, water flow, and biological processes such as anaerobic digestion, biological hydrogen production and geothermal heat. Amongst the above mentioned sources of energy there has been a lot of development in the technology for harnessing energy from the wind.

Wind is the motion of air masses produced by the irregular heating of the earth‟s surface by sun. These differences consequently create forces that push air masses around for balancing the global temperature or, on a much smaller scale, the temperature between land and sea or between mountains.

A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is then converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aero-generator. Wind turbines can be separated into two types based by the axis in which the turbine rotates. Turbines that rotate around a horizontal axis are more common. Vertical-axis turbines are less frequently used. M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 9

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HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator. Since a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is usually pointed upwind of the tower. Turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed into the tower by high winds. Additionally, the blades are placed a considerable distance in front of the tower and are sometimes tilted up a small amount.

Downwind machines have been built, despite the problem of turbulence, because they don't need an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind, and because in high winds the blades can be allowed to bend which reduces their swept area and thus their wind resistance. Since cyclic (that is repetitive) turbulence may lead to fatigue failures most HAWTs are upwind machines.

HAWT advantages

• Variable blade pitch, which gives the turbine blades the optimum angle of attack. Allowing the angle of attack to be remotely adjusted gives greater control, so the turbine collects the maximum amount of wind energy for the time of day and season.

• The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In some wind shear sites, every ten meters up, the wind speed can increase by 20% and the power output by 34%. • High efficiency, since the blades always moves perpendicularly to the wind, receiving power through the whole rotation. In contrast, all vertical axis wind turbines, and most proposed airborne wind turbine designs, involve various types of reciprocating actions, requiring airfoil surfaces to backtrack against the wind for part of the cycle. Backtracking against the wind leads to inherently lower efficiency.

HAWT disadvantages

• The tall towers and blades up to 90 meters long are difficult to transport. Transportation can now cost 20% of equipment costs. • Tall HAWTs are difficult to install, needing very tall

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and expensive cranes and skilled operators. • Massive tower construction is required to support the heavy blades, gearbox, and generator.

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

Vertical-axis wind turbines (or VAWTs) have the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. Key advantages of this arrangement are that the turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind to be effective. This is an advantage on sites where the wind direction is highly variable. VAWTs can utilize winds from varying directions. With a vertical axis, the generator and gearbox can be placed near the ground, so the tower doesn't need to support it, and it is more accessible for maintenance. Drawbacks are that some designs produce pulsating torque. Drag may be created when the blade rotates into the wind.

VAWT Advantages

• A massive tower structure is less frequently used, as VAWTs are more frequently mounted with the lower bearing mounted near the ground.

• Designs without yaw mechanisms are possible with fixed pitch rotor designs.

• A VAWT can be located nearer the ground, making it easier to maintain the moving parts.

• VAWTs have lower wind startup speeds than HAWTs. Typically, they start creating electricity at 6 M.P.H. (10 km/h).

• VAWTs may have a lower noise signature.

VAWT Disadvantages • Most VAWTs produce energy at only 50% of the efficiency of HAWTs in large part because of the additional drag that they have as their blades rotate into the wind. • While VAWTs' parts are located on the ground, they are also located under the weight of the structure above it, which can make changing out parts nearly impossible without dismantling the structure if not designed properly. • Having rotors located close to the ground where wind speeds are lower due to wind shear, VAWTs may not produce as much energy at a given site

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as a HAWT with the same footprint or height. • Because VAWTs are not commonly deployed due mainly to the serious disadvantages mentioned above, they appear novel to those not familiar with the wind industry. This has often made them the subject of wild claims and investment scams over the last 50 years.

Wind Turbine Details

Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller.

Blades: Most turbines have either two or three blades. Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift" and rotate.

Brake: A disc brake which can be applied mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the rotor in emergencies.

Controller: The controller starts up the machine at wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and shuts off the machine at about 65 mph. Turbines cannot operate at wind speeds above about 65 mph because their generators could overheat.

Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about 1200 to 1500 rpm, the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear boxes.

Generator: Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator that produces 60-cycle AC electricity.

High-speed shaft: Drives the generator. Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at about 30 to 60 rotations per minute. M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 12

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Nacelle: The rotor attaches to the nacelle, which sits atop the tower and includes the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. A cover protects the components inside the nacelle. Some nacelles are large enough for a technician to stand inside while working. Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too low to produce electricity.

Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the rotor.

Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here) or steel lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more electricity.

Wind direction: This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run "downwind", facing away from the wind.

Wind vane: Measures wind direction and communicates with the yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.

Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction changes. Downwind turbines don't require a yaw drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.

Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive.

1.2 INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO

India was the fifth largest market globally in 2014, adding 2,315 MW of new wind power capacity to reach a total of 22.5 GW. Among renewables, wind power accounted for almost two-thirds of the installed capacity. The Indian government expects the share of renewable energy, presently at 6.9% of the total electricity production in the country, to grow to at least 15% in the next five years.

Wind energy‟s share in the total power mix of the country was approximately 3% for the calendar year 2014. India‟s investments in the renewable sector in the year 2014 reached almost USD 7.9 billion (EUR 6.5bn). The renewable energy sector investments rose by almost 13% in 2014 over the previous year.

WIND ENERGY MARKET IN 2014

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The leading states in terms of installed capacity were Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Karnataka. Other emerging states include Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The recent announcements by the Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) indicate that India plans to achieve 60,000 MW in total wind power installations by 2022. This sets the industry an ambitious annual target of approximately 5,000 MW/year up to 2022.

The long-term outlook for wind power remains positive mainly because of regulatory support, cost competitiveness and the generation-based incentive benefit. Though the National Action Plan for Climate Change from 2008 had specified a minimum Renewables Purchase Obligation (RPO) target of 15% by FY 2020, currently a majority of the states are below the recommended RPO trajectory. During 2014 the sector continued to face challenges, as a majority of the 28 states failed to meet the long-term track for RPO norms.

LATEST POLICY DEVELOPMENTS

The new government has shown significant interest in promoting wind energy. Apart from reinstatement of the accelerated depreciation benefit in 2014, various other benefits and incentives were also announced for wind energy this year including:

Measures to promote renewables included in the Electricity Amendment Bill of 2014, include the provision for a separate National Renewable Energy Policy, measures to support development of a domestic industry, a renewable generation obligation (RGO) on coal and lignite based thermal power projects, specific exemptions to renewables from open-access surcharge, and separate penal provisions for non-compliance of RPOs.

A National Wind Mission (NWM) comprising targeted developments in onshore and offshore wind power is expected to be announced soon. A draft policy on offshore wind is also under consideration. Preferential clearance for wind projects by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, by moving them to the „green projects‟ category.

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(Ref. GWEC- Gobal Wind Report/ Annual Market Update 2014)

The tax (Cess) on coal for the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) increased from INR 50 (EUR 0.65) to INR 100 (EUR 1.3) per tonne in the budget FY 2014/15. NCEF is used for funding research and innovative projects on clean energy technology. Full exemption from special additional duty and excise duty on parts and components used in manufacturing of wind turbines in the budget 2014-15.

OUTLOOK FOR 2015 AND BEYOND

Renewables are being recognized as vital to energy security concerns, reducing fossil fuel import dependence and environmental benefits. There are tremendous expectations from renewables in the country, including wind.

The implementation of the national Green Energy Grid Corridor plans prepared by the state owned grid operator (PGCIL) was accelerated in 2014. This will ease in evacuation of large amounts of energy from wind farms. However, grid issues remain a major issue and broke state utilities frequently curtail wind power, despite the fact that wind farms are designated as 'must run' power plants.

A National Wind Energy Mission is in the works. The mission could provide a coordinated and stable policy framework to achieve highly ambitious targets for wind power. It will cover policy and regulatory aspects including incentives for onshore, offshore and small wind. Issues of repowering, tariff setting, transmission infrastructure and grid integration light also be addressed in the mission document. Since inception, Renewable Energy Program in India has been driven by policy and promotional measures initially framed by MNES and subsequently by the respective state government. The promotional measures available to Renewable Energy projects comprise of wide range of fiscal and financial incentives like soft loans, concessional rates of custom duty, exemption from excise duty, tax holidays and accelerated depreciation benefits.

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With the backdrop of Kyoto protocol, CDM, Carbon Credits, are also available to Renewable Energy Projects.

1.3 WIND REGIME The macro-scale atmospheric flow of wind in tropical India is determined strongly by the strength of the monsoon winds. The monsoon period in India can be categorized as below :

(i) South-West monsoon. (ii) North-East monsoon.

The Southwest monsoon begins in the month of April and is formulated in the Indian ocean, which later gradually moves in the North-East direction and first hits the state of Kerala by the second half of May. Wind gradually gains strength over the months and peaks during the month of July. During these period surface wind speeds exceeding 20-30 kmph are found over Western India, Southern Tamil Nadu, Saurashtra, Kutch regions and coastal Bengal.

Strong upper winds (150m above ground) are observed in the forenoons over the interior Peninsula, Western Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Saurashtra during the peak monsoon period.

From September the wind generally weakens over areas like Saurashtra, Kutch and Southern Tamil Nadu experiencing winds of over 15 kmph. This is the effect of large scale air-flow during South-West monsoon period. During the winter months, the large scale air-flow reverses i.e., moves from the Himalayan belts towards the Indian ocean which is called as the North-East monsoon. Wind speeds over 10 kmph are experienced during this period in Orissa, Saurashtra, Kutch and Southern Tamil Nadu.

1.4 WIND POTENTIAL

Wind in India are influenced by the strong south-west summer monsoon, which starts in May-June, when cool, humid air moves towards the land and the weaker north-east winter monsoon, which starts in October, when cool, dry air moves towards the ocean. During the period March to August, the winds are uniformly strong over the whole Indian Peninsula, except the eastern peninsular coast.

Wind speeds during the period November to March are relatively weak, though higher winds are available during a part of the period on the Tamil Nadu coastline.

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1.5 WHY MORE WIND POWER IN INDIA

Out of all renewable energy sources so far identified world over, for commercial exploitation, wind energy has been found to be one of the most promising alternatives for generation of grid quality power. The rationale for mainstreaming wind power in the country following reasons: Wind power is one of those renewable-based power generatgets buttressed because of the ion technologies that have demonstrated sufficiently low risk to gain the attention of the financial community and independent power developers for near-term projects.

Significant technology advances have occurred since the first wind power plant was installed in the country in early 1980s. Industrial learning curve theory suggests that costs decreases by about 20% each time the number of units produced doubles. Thus, the costs of wind turbines could be brought down by increasing the market volume.

Insofar as impacts on the power systems are concerned, it is an established fact that addition of wind power results in (a) reduction in technical losses and (b) strengthening of voltage levels.

In case of Maharashtra, 70% of the total wind electricity generation is during high demand slots and 30% of total wind generation takes place during morning and evening peak hours, in both, high wind and low wind seasons. As such, wind electricity could be awarded premium in line with those prescribed under ToD (Time of Day) tariff structure of Maharashtra State Electricity Board.

The detailed analysis shows that the levelized annual cost of wind power is less than that of a new thermal power station. Comparing the costs, it has to be noted that while the cost of energy from a thermal power station is initially low, it continues to increase with increases in the cost of fuel. On the other hand, the cost of wind energy is initially high and reduces as loans are repaid, as no variable cost is involved.

These points, in essence, create a backdrop that underscores the rationale for promoting accelerated exploitation of wind resources in India for power generation.

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1.6 WIND ENERGY PROGRAM The broad based national program includes wind resource assessment, R & D activities, create awareness, and develop infrastructure capacity for manufacture, operation & maintenance of wind generators & policy support. The program aims at catalyzing commercialisation of wind power generation in the country. Eight states have been identified to have commercially feasible wind potential. Fig. 1.1 shows the potential areas marked on map of India.

Table 1.1 State-wise wind power installed capacity in India

Capacity (MW) as on 31 March State 2015

Tamil Nadu 7455.2

Gujarat 3645.4

Maharashtra 4450.8

Rajasthan 3307.2

Karnataka 2638.4

Andhra Pradesh 1031.4

Madhya Pradesh 879.7

Kerala 35.1

Others 4.3

Total 23447.5

Source: Indian Wind Energy Association

Figure 1.1: Potential Wind Energy Sites in India

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Figure 1.2 Yearwise Wind Power Development in India

Source: Indian Wind Energy Association (Capacity in MW)

1.7 POTENTIAL OF WIND ENERGY IN MAHARASHTRA

Maharashtra is one of the prominent states considering the installation of wind power projects second to Tamil Nadu in India. As on 30/09/2014, installed capacity of wind energy is 4167.26 MW. As of now there are 50 developers registered with state nodal agency "Maharashtra energy Development Agency" for development of wind power projects. All the major manufacturers of wind turbines including Suzlon, Vestas, Gamesa, Regen, Leitner Shriram have presence in Maharashtra. The district wise data on wind energy sites in Maharashtra is presented in Table 1.4.

Table 1.2 District wise distributions of wind power sites in Maharashtra

Mean Annual Wind Power Sr. No. Villages District Density at 50m (W/m2) 1 Alamprabhu Pathar * Kolhapur 224 2 Ambheri * Satara 275 3 Aundhewadi* Nashik 324 4 Brahmanwel * Dhule 324 5 Chakla * Nandurbar 323 6 Chalkewadi Satara 218 7 Dhalgaon Sangli 260

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8 Dongarwadi * Sangli 284 9 Gawalwadi Nashik 278 10 Gudepanchgani* Sangli 296 11 Kankora * Aurangabad 204 12 Kas* Satara 277 13 Kavadya Dongar * A‟nagar 277 14 Khandke A‟nagar 250 15 Kolgaon * A‟nagar 238 16 Lonavala Pune 200 17 ManderDeo * Satara 206 18 Matrewadi * Satara 253 19 Panchapatta * A‟nagar 236 20 Pachagani* Satara 205 21 Raipur * Dhule 214 22 Palsi * Satara 203 23 Sautada* Beed 223 24 Takarmauli * Dhule 224 25 Thoseghar Satara 336 26 Vijaydurg Sindhudurg 253 27 Vankusawade * Satara 293 28 Varekarwadi Satara 216 29 Vaspet $ Sangli 220 30 Bhud* Sangli 224 31 Rohina * Latur 226 32 Kosegavhan $ A‟nagar 215 33 Mirkala $ Beed 211 34 Devgad $ Sindhudurg 218 35 Bhendwade $ Kolhapur 223 36 Peth Shivapur $ Kolhapur 224 37 Nenewadi $ Sindhudurg 205 38 Kolde $ Nandurbar 221 39 Mhaismal $ Aurangabad 201 40 Kanur $ Kolhapur 368 41 Sukalmala $ Kolhapur 225 42 Parwat tarfe Waghawale $ Satara 281 43 Mendhegiri $ Sangli 208 44 Vhanali $ Kolhapur 203.08 45 Sanmadi $ Sangli 200.46

* 25m Mast $ 50m Mast

1.8 THE SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED

Suzlon Energy Limited, is a wind turbine supplier based in Pune, India. it was since dropped out of the top ten as of 2014. The company claims to have over

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14,800 MW of wind energy capacity installed globally, with operations across 19 countries and a workforce of over 7,000.

Suzlon is a vertically integrated wind power company. Suzlon makes and installs wind turbines. The company manufactures blades, generators, panels, and towers in-house and large or offshore turbines through its subsidiary Senvion. The company is integrateddownstream and delivers turnkey projects through its project management and installation consultancy, and operations & maintenance services. Suzlon has offices, R&D and technology centres, manufacturing facilities and service support centres spread across the globe.

Suzlon has design and R&D teams and facilities in India, Germany, Denmark and The Netherlands. The international sales business of Suzlon is managed out of Aarhus, Denmark, while its global management office is in Pune, India.

Suzlon crossed 8,000 megawatts of cumulative installations in India in September 2010. Suzlon has cumulatively added over 7,600 megawatts of wind power capacity for over 1,700 customers in India across 40 sites in eight States. Suzlon accounts for nearly half of the country's total wind installations.

1.9 WIND FARM PROJECTS IN DEVGAD

MSEDCL proposed to replace the existing (old) wind farm having 20 numbers of 55kW turbines to more efficient 8 numbers with 1250 kW turbines at Village Jamsande Tal. Devgad, Dist. Sindhudurg. The details of number of machines proposed to be reinstalled and power generation capacity of this wind farm is presented in Table 1.3. It is seen that the wind farm will have an installed capacity of 10MW.

Table 1.3: Details of proposed project at Devgad

Sr. Name of the No. of machines Capacity District

No. site

Sindhudurg 1. Devgad 8 x 1.25MW 10 MW

The Proposed project will have the following benefits :

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 Green house gas emission from power generation and contribute to the negligible emission, effluent generation.  Conserve natural resource including fuel, water, soil etc. Reduce dependence on the fossil fuel.  Reduce the gap in energy demand and supply in Maharashtra Develop rural economy by generating employment opportunity.

The Salient features of the proposed project are given in the table below.

Table 1.4: Site specific Details

Sr. No. Particular Details 1 Location Devgad 2 Installation Capacity 10 MW 3 No of Wind Energy 8X1.25MW Generation 4 Operational Data Cut in speed : 3.0m/s

Rated Wind Speed:14 m/s

Cut off wind Speed: 22 m/s 5 Machine Type Suzlon_S66

1.10 SCOPE OF EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of this project is not essential to obtain the environmental clearance as the activity (setting-up of wind farm) is not covered in the EIA Notification of 1994 &/or the amended notification of 2006. The scope of the present EIA is to provide factual information on environmental settings such as air, soil, water, noise, landuse patterns, ecology and sociology in study area of 10km radius from the existing 106 acres of wind farm site of MSEDCL including proposed 8 wind turbine locations at Devgad village. This study was carried out to develop understanding of the environmental and social parameters of the study area and anticipate impacts of project activities on the surrounding environment and provide environment management plan. The EIA study will be submitted to Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority to obtain CRZ clearance for installation of 8 wind turbines in Devgad village CRZ Zone-III. SCOPE OF WORK

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The scope of work shall be as follows

1. Collection of baseline data:  Air and Noise Environment  Water Environment ( ground and surface water quality )  Land Environment (Land use and land cover (e.g. Forest, agriculture, wasteland etc.) using satellite imagery and available data.  Biological Environment (Aquatic and Terrestrial) (Forest cover, Aquatic fauna, Biodiversity )  Socioeconomic Environment (Human settlements, occupational pattern, demographic profile, economic, profile, agricultural practices, Human Health etc.)

2. Assessment of Impact of the project during construction and operational activities

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) shall be carried out for construction and operation phases using qualitative or quantitative methods (wherever possible) and using predictive modeling techniques. The EIA study shall cover all the relevant environmental issues that have impact due to the proposed project including the following:

 Air Environment  Water Environment  Land Environment  Biological Environment (Aquatic and Terrestrial)  Socioeconomic Environment  Geological and other aspects

3. Preparation of Environmental Monitoring and Management plan

Based on environmental impact assessment, mitigation / enhancement measures need to be specified in the form of environmental management plan. The components of the EMP will inter-alia deal with the following as may be relevant to specific project site:

 Environmental safeguards (management) during construction activities  Environmental Safeguards during operational activities.

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1.11 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA

To address the above scope of work & keeping in mind the overall objectives of the EIA, the broad methodology adopted is given below. The various facets of the study are also presented.

1.11.1 Study / Evaluation of Project Proposal Technical discussions were undertaken with the proponent to understand the process of setting up Wind Farms. The activities involved during construction / Operation phase were understood. Operation of a wind mill resulting in the generation of wind power & its evacuation to the grid was studied. The process of evacuating the power to the State grid was also understood. Field visits were undertaken to study the baseline status of proposed wind farm site at village Jamsande Tal; Devgad in Sindhudhurg district. Desk study involved identification of environmental aspects at each stage of establishment & operation of a wind farm.

1.11.2 Baseline Studies

EIA is being prepared to ensure that the wind power generation activity is taken-up in an ecologically sustainable way & causes minimum damage to environment.

The wind farm project area is spread over 106 acres with existing installed wind turbines. As part of EIA, baseline environmental monitoring was carried out in and around the study area.

The overall approach to the EIA was in keeping with the broad guidelines laid down by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF).

1.11.2.1 Air Environment

Reconnaissance studies included identification of project related activities upto operation resulting in impact on the air environment. Other background sources of air pollution were also evaluated. Based on the reconnaissance studies, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) were identified as major project related primary air pollutants. The baseline status of these parameters in ambient air within the impact zone is being assessed during October to December 2015 to establish baseline Air Quality.

Micrometeorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity were monitored at project site during the air monitoring

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studies. This data was used for interpretation of baseline air quality and prediction of impacts due to proposed project.

1.11.2.2 Noise Environment

Noise level measurements were carried out at villages in the study area to evaluate existing levels. Spot noise levels (A- weighted) were measured using a Portable Noise Level Meter.

1.11.2.3 Water Environment

Improper use of water during construction and operation phase will results in adverse impact on available water sources. These changes can in turn affect aquatic fauna or flora species and aquatic ecosystem. There is no water usage or effluent generation during operation of wind mill; water is only used for foundation work during erection of wind mills & for domestic purposes. However, as part of baseline studies, ground / surface water availability & quality was assessed to determine its portability & determine baseline quality

1.11.2.4 Land Environment

This includes study of topography, geography and landscape features. Wind farms use large tracts of land & in this particular case will occupy nearly 5 sq. km land area. Land is primarily affected due to deposition of atmospheric pollutants and unscientific methods of disposal of wastewater or solid / hazardous waste. Land environment was studied by accessing available land use maps from Survey of India, NATMO (National Atlas & Thematic Organization), geographical / road maps & studying satellite photographs of the regions.

1.11.2.5 Biological Environment

To assess the baseline status, data on terrestrial and aquatic ecology was collected in the area within study zone. Data was also obtained from various government departments such as, Forests, Agriculture, Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and also from District Collectorate and District Information Office. The nature of flora / fauna at project site was studied through field surveys.

1.11.2.6 Socio-economic Environment

Any project has to fit into the social & economic setting of the region. The

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baseline status of demographic pattern, occupational pattern of the population, social infrastructure etc was ascertained from Census 2011 & other known sources such as District Collectorate records / District Information Centre etc.

1.11.2.7 Environment Impact Matrix

The impacts on various environmental components at different stages of project implementation were evaluated & superimposed over the existing baseline levels. Details of the Environmental management plan are given in Chapter IV. An Environmental Impact Matrix presenting scale / severity of impact for each project stage is also presented.

1.11.2.8 Environment Management Plan

An Environment Management Plan is finally prepared for different stages of the project to mitigate adverse impacts on the environment. The EMP clearly gives the responsible Agency for implementation also.

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 LOCATION

The windfarm site is at Deogad town which is also a Taluka place of District Sindhudurg in the State of Maharashtra. Deogad is also known as „Devgad‟,‟ Deogarh‟ and „Devgarh‟. Deogad is on a flat rocky peninsula. Deogad is located approximately 55 km from Kankavali, 67 km from District Head quarter- Oros and approximately 400 km from Mumbai. The site is easily approachable from Kankavali by NH-17 & SH-116. The nearest Railway station to the site is at Kankavali and nearest Airport is at Goa.

The location map is given in the figure 2.1 and 2.2

Company is planning to develop 10 MW Wind power Project for Maharashtra State Distribution Company Ltd. in Jamsande village of Taluka Dist. Sindhudurg in the state of Maharashtra. For wind resource analysis, wind mast data of Devgad has been used. A suitable Micrositing has been done. The Devgad Site Wind Power plant is designed for a gross installed capacity of 10 MW of eco friendly Green Power to produce optimum power over the life period of 20 year of the plant.

The initial proposal of repowering by 8 wind turbines is spread over an area of 4 Ha on land owned by MSEDCL in Jamsande village, Taluka Deogad, Dist Sindhudurg. The repowering project comprises 1.25 MW Wind Turbine Generator Units each (WTG UNITS) as per the MICRO SITING carried out at the site.

The project site is approved by NIWE, formerly Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET), Chennai, Government of India for wind power projects after collecting wind data by providing a wind mast at Village Devgad of Taluka Dist: Sindhudurg.

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Figure 2.1 : Location Map

Figure 2.2 A) : Google Image of the Project Site

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Figure 2.2 B) : Google Image of 7Km radius from the Project Site

2.2 DETAILS OF THE EXISTING WIND TURBINES

Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) had established a 1.1 MW wind power project at Deogad, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, with the grant of Central Government. Around 20 nos. of 55 kW (total 1.1 MW project) rating Wind Electric Generators from Denmark were commissioned in 1986 & 1988. The capacity Utilization Factor during operation period was in the range of 7% to 11%.With the advent of more efficient mega watt machines MSEDCL plans to repower the project by commissioning 10 MW of project. Location and Coordinates of the existing Wind Turbines are given in Table no. 2.1 and Figure No. 2.3. The photographs of the existing windfarm also given in Annexure I Table-2.1: Coordinates of the Existing Wind Turbine

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Sr. No. Wind Number Latitude Longitude 1 WEG-1 N16 22 12.8 E74 22 22.3 2 WEG-2 N 16 22 10.4 E74 22 20.6 3 WEG-3 N 16 22 9.4 E74 22 23.2 4 WEG-4 N 16 22 8.1 E74 22 21.1 5 WEG-5 N 16 22 6.7 E74 22 22.3 6 WEG-6 N 16 22 7.0 E74 22 19.6 7 WEG-7 N 16 22 5.0 E74 22 21.8 8 WEG-8 N 16 22 5.1 E74 22 19.1 9 WEG-9 N 16 22 2.4 E74 22 20.8 10 WEG-10 N 16 22 2.9 E74 22 18.5 11 WEG-11 N 16 22 0.2 E74 22 20.0 12 WEG-12 N 16 22 58.6 E74 22 22.9 13 WEG-13 N 16 22 0.9 E74 22 23.9 14 WEG-14 N 16 22 3.4 E74 22 24.9 15 WEG-15 N 16 22 5.8 E74 22 25.9 16 WEG-16 N 16 22 8.1 E74 22 26.9 17 WEG-17 N 16 22 13.3 E74 22 26.5 18 WEG-18 N 16 22 8.9 E74 22 31.6 19 WEG-19 N 16 22 6.7 E74 22 30.5 20 WEG-20 N 16 22 4.3 E74 22 29.6

Figure 2.3 Location of Existing and new proposed Wind farm

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2.3 LAND AND PROJECT COST

The total land is around 106 Acres and in the possession of MSEDCL. The total cost of this repowering project by 8 WTGs is Rs. 46 Crores. The financial analysis the details of the operation and profitability, the cost of the generation of power and cash flow after commissioning of the project. The analysis also gives the internal rate or returns for the project debt service coverage ratio and the rate of return of the equity.

2.4 POWER PLANT CAPACITY

In 1986, total 1.1 MW power wind farm was installed. These existing wind farm are dismantling and setting up the new wind turbines. The 10 MW wind power plant will comprise of 8 number of wind turbines of 1.25 MW Replacing 20 machines totaling 1.1 MW initially.

2.5 POWER GENERATION

The power generated at 690 volts will be transformed in to 33 kV and evacuated to Maharashtra grid by means of 33 kV line. This will add green power to the state reducing emission intensity of the nation.

2.6 POWER EVACUATION

Power generated will be evacuated at existing MSEDCL 33/11kV substation at Jamsande. Photographs of the Jamsande substation are given in Annexure II

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

There are no environmental concerns with this project but necessary to establish baseline scenario as the areas falls under CRZ category as per existing CRZ Regulations. This EIA aims to cover the total 106 acres of land in possession of MSEDCL, where repowering for 10 MW wind power project is proposed initially. The location of wind mill superimposed on the CRZ map is shown in following figure 2.4

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Figure 2.4 Location of propoed Wind farm superimposed on CRZ map

The coordinates of the proposed new Wind turbines are given in the table 3.1

Table 2.2: Coordinates of proposed Wind Turbine

UTM (m) Geo Coords ( Deg, Min, Sec) WTG ID Zone Y=Axis Y=Axis Latitude Longitude DVG-001 43 Q 325891 1809927 16 21 51.4 73 22 11.6 DVG-002 43 Q 325985 1810143 16 21 58.4 73 22 14.7 VG-003 43 Q 326098 1810358 16 22 05.4 73 22 18.4 DVG-004 43 Q 326193 1810577 16 22 12.6 73 22 21.6 DVG-005 43 Q 326489 1810532 16 22 11.2 73 22 31.6 DVG-006 43 Q 326578 1810285 16 22 03.2 73 22 34.6 DVG-007 43 Q 326250 1809922 16 21 51.3 73 22 23.7 DVG-008 43 Q 326078 1809708 16 21 44.3 73 22 17.9

2.8 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

MSEDCL signs a periodic Comprehensive operation & maintenance contract with its customers. The service set up will consist of site In-charge, service engineers, Machine operators and security personnel. The service engineers at the site have been professionally trained. The machine operator

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communicates with the site office via a wireless network or alternative by a cellular network. The turbines at the site shall be connected to a central monitoring station (CMS) located at the site for 24/7 surveillance of the machines. The service organization carried out the following activities.

 Recording daily generation and preparation of the daily generation report  Real –time status, monitoring & operation control at CMS.  Liaisoning with MSEB officials for recording monthly readings  Updating the customer generation in CRMS on daily basis.  Round the clock, 24X 7 monitoring of windPark.  Analysis on Machine performance levels  Providing security to the wind turbines.  Servicing of the wind turbines as per preventive maintenance schedules (Quarterly, half yearly & yearly).  Attending to faults in the wind turbine and trouble shooting.  Implementing new methods/ technology at site for optimizing higher machine availability & generation.  Efficient handling of any kind of the emergency situation  Technical support always available  Assured spares supply  Continuous improvement through engineering feedback loop.

2.9 WIND GENERATION PRINCIPLE

Wind turbines capture the winds energy with three propellers like blades, mounted on a rotor to generate electricity. The turbines sit high atop towers, taking advantages of stronger and less –turbulent wind at more than 200 feet.

The wind blows and a pocket of low pressure air forms, pulling the blade towards it, causing the rotor to turn which generates the lift. The force of the lift is stronger than the wind‟s force against the front side of the blade. This is called drag. The combination of lift and drag causes the rotor to spin the main shaft, which drives the generator through gearbox. The generator converts mechanical power to electrical power.

The electricity is cabled down the tower and through a series of transformers and underground distribution lines before entering the main substation. The main substation steps up the voltage and feed it to the grid.

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The blades can be angled to fine or course pitch, to cope with varying wind speeds, and the generator and propeller can turn to face the wind whenever it comes from. The wind turbine will cut off from the grid when wind speed is below 3.0 m/s or above 25 m/s.

2.10 WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATION

The wind turbines to be used for the project would be of Suzlon_S66,1.25 MW,50 HZ. The wind turbine specifications are given below.

Table-2.3: Wind Turbine Generator Specification

Rated Power 1250 kW Rotor Diameter 66 m

Rotor Blade type 66 m Rotational speed 13.50 to 20.30 Hub Height Including 1m Foundation height 74.5 m

Foundation top equal to ground level 73.5m

Table-2.4: Details of the Main frame and Rotor

Main Frame Frame type Cast Box Frame Material EN-GJS-400-18U-LT Corrosion Protection Corrosion proof painting Rotor Number of rotor blade 3 0 Rotor cone angle 4.5 Rotor speed (at rated 22.30 rpm power) Tip Speed (at rated power) 71.10 m/sec Rotor shaft tilt 60 Power regulation Pitch Rotor Orientation Upwind Rotor Blades Rotor blade type AE 32

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Blade length 32 m Material Fiber glass /epoxy Type of rotor air brake Pitch/full blade Blade profiles TU delft family

Table 2.4: Technical Data Sheet- Wind Turbine Generator

Sr. No. Description Technical Specification A Pitch System 1 Pitch type Electrical 2 Drive type 1 electric motor with gearbox & electrical brake 3 Backup system 1 battery set per blade 4 Pitch angle range -20 to +880 5 Pitch speed (angular) 0.1 -- 8 0 /sec B Hub Hub type Cast spherical hub Material EN-GJS-400-18U-LT Corrosion Protection Corrosion Prof painting C Main Bearing Bearing type Spherical roller bearing Quantity 1 D Main Bearing Housing Material EN-GJS-400-18U-LT Quantity 1 E Gear Box Type of gear box 1 planetary stage /2 helical stages Gear house material Cast Gear ratio 1;74.9 Power 1,390 kW Shaft seals Maintenance-free labyrinth F Oil pump Oil pump voltage 3 Phase-690V AC G Mechanical brake (For maintenance purposes only ) Brake type Hydraulic disc brake, activated by spring (fall safe) + mechanical rotor lock activated by Hydraulic pressure. Brake disc Steel, mounted on high speed shaft

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Calliper 1 H Coupling system on fast shaft Coupling type Fluid coupling for shock torque limitation and slip enhancement Disc coupling I Generator System Generator type Rated power Rated voltage Frequency 50Hz Number of poles 6/4 Synchronous Speed 1000/1500rpm Speed at rated power 1007/1506rpm Max.rotor slip ( At 1,250 Kw 0.6% stage) Power factor (FL) 0.83/0.88 (uncompensated) approx. Full load current 250/1,190 A Stator winding Connections Delta Ingress protection IP 56 (Generator) Thermal insulation class Class H J Yaw system - Bearing Yaw bearing type Slide bearing with gear ring & automatic greasing system K Yaw system – Yaw gear and Motors Yaw motor & gear type Active electric yaw drives with motor, brake, gear and pinion. Number of units 4 Yaw speed ( Angular) 18.60 / min. Voltage 3 phase AC – 690 Volts. L Tower Material Welded steel plate Corrosion Protection Double corrosion proof painting inside, triple corrosion proof painting outside. Access Conditions Internal, safely harness ladder. M(a) Wind Turbine Main Panel / CPU panel Capacitor Bank voltage 3 Phase – 690 V AC Frequency 50 Hz

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Cut - in-system Soft-starters using thyristors N(b) Operational parameters Wind speed - Start 3 m/sec Wind speed - stop 22 m/sec Re-start point after high 18 m/sec wind stop O Electrical Grid Connection Voltage fluctuations + 15% Frequency variations -6% to + 5% Maximum asymmetric 2 % voltage (Phase to ground) for 60 sec Maximum asymmetric 10 % of full load current current Maximum short circuit 18 kA at 690 V AC (phase to current phase) Turbine will shut down immediately when parameters above are exceeded. P Power Factor Compensation excluding transformer Type Switching through multiple capacitor banks. Voltage 3 phase – 690 V AC Capacity 16*50 K var Power factor Adjustable via software , default value = 1.00 Q Climate and site conditions regarding structural design : Wind Class III , according to “ Regulation for certification of wind Energy System “ Germanischer LIyod 1999 Estimated design life time 20 years Temperature range for - 10 deg C ……..+ 45 deg C operation Temperature range for - 20 deg C……….+50 deg C structure A - factor 8.46 m/s Form factor , C 2.0 Annual average wind speed 7.5 m /sec Vertical wind shear 0.2 exponent Extreme wind speed 37.5 m/sec

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Survival wind speed 52.5 m/sec Automatic stop limit 22 m/sec

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2.11 WIND TURBINE INSTALLATION

The Installation of the Suzlon type wind turbines can be summarized into following steps.  Measurement of the foundation flange  Definition of the door position onto the foundation  Installation of basement box onto the foundation  Installation of the lower tower segment  Installation of the staircase to the lower tower segment  Installation of converter platform into lower tower segment  Installation of the upper tower segments  Installation of the machine house  Preparation of hub  Installation of rotor blades to the hub  Lifting the hub to the machine house and installing the rotor to the machine house.

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CHAPTER 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study was carried out to identify, predict and evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed project of power generation through wind energy converters/wind mills, at village Devgad, district Sindhudurg on various components of the environment. The data on the pre- project status of the environment covering air environment, water environment, land environment, biological environment (flora & fauna) & socio-economic environment in the study area is presented in this chapter.

The project activity does not fall under the purview of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification of the Ministry of Environment and forest (MoEF), Government of India (GOI) and the project activity is exempted from environmental clearances. These project area comes under the CRZ area .The project activity has no significant impact on the environment.

For impact assessment purpose, project site of 106 acres and area about 10 km radius around it was considered as Study area of possible impact zone. Primary data was collected through field surveys, secondary data & laboratory analysis (for air/water/noise monitoring). Secondary data was collected from the relevant agencies, such as Department of Forest & Wildlife, Revenue, Agriculture, Ground water Survey & Developmental Agency and Directorate of Census Operations. The baseline data collected and generated, together with the relevant project activities was considered for predicting the likely impacts of the project on the environment.

3.2 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Study Area (Project Site)

The windfarm site is located in the Devgad village of the district Sindhudurg in the Maharashtra state. Devgad is located approximately 55Km from the kankavali, 67 Km from Oros which is District head quarter of Sindhudurg. The site is easily approachable from kankavali by NH-17 & SH-116. The coordinates of the proposed new Wind turbines are given in the table 3.1

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Table 3.1: Coordinates of proposed Wind Turbine

3.2.2 Land Use The project site is located on barren non irrigated land. On this land already 20 no. of Windmills are present, which were installed in 1986 & 1988. Under this project 55kW capacity of each turbine (total 1.1 MW) generated electricity.

3.2.3 Topography Project site is located on flat rocky peninsula of Devgad beach. However, due to coastal area, the slope is towards west. The site is on the sea coast at an elevated plateau having elevation of 35 to 45 m above mean sea level. On the east side of the project site, some vegetation is seen but which is away from site. Anan wadi, kadam wadi village is on the northern side, which are small and undeveloped areas. The topography of the project area is shown in Fig. 3.2 .

Figure 3.2 : Location of 55 KW Wind Turbines (Existing )

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3.2.4 Geology

The laterite soil is the predominant soil in the Sindhudurg district. Extensive spreads of the laterites are noticed throughout the district. Regionally these laterite soils gets mixed with trappean soils in the hilly areas while along the coast they form of banks of loams mixed with alluvium and sand. They vary in colour from red to brownish red, owing to preponderance of hydrated iron oxides. The lateritic soils are highly infertile. They are fairly well supplied with nitrogen and organic matter. In Sindhudurg, alluvial soil deposits are formed by the sea as well as the rivers but neither is significant in extent. The shell beds along the north side of the Malvan and Devgad estuaries belongs to coastal alluvial.

3.2.5 Soil Characteristics

The soil was sampled to establish baseline environmental conditions. The samples were collected at project site and nearby villages. This is helpful to evaluate impacts of construction activities (specifically road); vehicular transportation, storage, and spills during handling and transportation of substances and disposal of solid wastes during the construction phase. Details of sampling locations for soil are presented in Table 3.2 & the soil analysis results are presented in Table 3.3. Table 3.2 Locations of Soil Sample

Sr. Code Location Distance Description No.

Proposed 1. S-1 -- Within project site

site

Devgad 2. S-2 0.85km Forest land outside project site Village

Agricultural field at 3. S-3 Anan wadi 1.3 km

neighbouring village

Agricultural field at 4. S-4 Shiv Nagar 1.5 km

neighbouring village

Table 3.3 Physico-chemical Characteristics of soil sample

Sr. No Parameter Units S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 1 pH 7.7 7.2 7.2 7.1 2 Organic mg/kg 0.22 0.26 0.34 0.32 carbon 3 Organic mg/kg 0.36 0.43 0.43 0.51 matter

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4 Available % 0.06 0.53 0.92 1.2 Nitrogen 5 Available mg/kg 1.1 1.6 2.2 2.6 Phosphorous 6 Potassium mg/kg 38 41 40 44 7 Sodium mg/kg 322 312 291 287 8 Calcium mg/kg 4292 3856 3677 3457 9 Magnesium mg/kg 543 476 465 412

The results indicate that soil is moderately acidic having moderate nutrient content in terms of N & P, requiring application of fertilizers for growth of tree.

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The water requirement for the wind farms is nominal being restricted to construction stage and road development, domestic use for labour /staff during construction and operation phases. The water for drinking is provided from bottled source (Mineral Water). Water for construction is obtained by water tankers through localized impoundments.

3.3.1 Water Quality Monitoring

The water quality monitoring was carried out to determine surface / ground water quality. The purpose of water quality monitoring is to establish baseline water quality conditions in the region. The water samples were collected from various locations around the periphery of the activities of proposed wind farm. viz. well water at Devgad , Anan wadi and Shiv nagar .The local community utilizes the water for domestic as well as agriculture purpose.

Table 3.4 Details of ground and surface water sampling locations

Sampling Sr. No. Description Location

Ground Water

GW-1 Devgad Village approximately 0.8km km from site

GW-2 Anan wadi Village approximately 1.3 km from site

GW-3 Shiv nagar Village approximately 1.55 km from site

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Table 3.5 Physico-chemical characteristics of ground water

Sr Parameters Unit Analysis Result Desirable . Analysed GW1 GW2 GW3 Limit (IS N 10500) o 1 Colour Haze 3 3 2 5 n 2 pH 7.4 7.52 7.21 6.5-8.5 3 Turbidity -- 1 3 1 5 4 Total NTU 154 244 134 300 Hardness as CaCO3 5 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.18 0.28 0.18 0.3 6 Chlorides as mg/l 58 72 42 250 Cl 7 Sulphate as mg/l 11 17 12 200 SO4 8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 30 38 30 75 9 Magnesium as mg/l 22 32 15 30 Mg 10 Copper as Cu mg/l NIL NIL NIL 0.05 11 Manganese as mg/l NIL NIL NIL 0.1 Mn 12 MPN/100 ml -- >250 >160 >90 10 org./100ml 13 E Coli Nos Present Present Present Absent /100 ml

From the data presented in Table 3.5 shows results of the water quality of the samples were found to be within the standard prescribed by Is 10500 for drinking purpose except bacteriological parameters. However the sample fails to meet bacterial water quality and needs to be disinfected prior to use.

3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.3.1 Climate

Sindhudurg has a semi-tropical climate and remains warm and humid in most of the year. It has three clear seasons: Rainy (June – October), winter (November-mid February) and Summer (mid February–May). Temperatures vary between Max. 32 °C and monsoon winds bring heavy rains (average rainfall 3240.10 mm).

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Devgad taluka is a taluka in Sindhudurg district. Devgad is located on the Arabian Sea in the coastal Konkan region of Maharashtra, south of Mumbai. Devgad has a tropical climate. Climatic conditions are strongly influenced by its geographical conditions. The Sindhudurg district falls under the „Assured and High Rainfall zone‟.

3.3.2 Rainfall

The average annual rainfall in the study area is 2687mm. The rainfall is significant in the most of the year. The short dry season has little effect on the overall climate. The most of the precipitation falls in July. The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 892 mm. The average annual rainfall for the period 2002-2011 ranges from 2752.19 mm (Devgadh). June to September is the southwest monsoon, while, October and November constitute the post- monsoon season.

Annual Rainfall Data (2002-2011) (mm) Taluka 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Decadal Avg. Devgad 2033.9 2132 2091 2535.4 2889 3316.2 2391 2846.4 3796 3491 2752.19 Malvan 2048.9 2415 2535 2484 2299.2 2836 3291 4209 5568 4303 3198.91 Samantw 2962 3570 2503.4 3939.8 4761.4 4103.9 3838 4062.5 5036 4632.6 3940.96 adi Vengurla 2166.3 2578.1 2525.6 3055.8 2774.5 3479.3 2555.1 3723.1 4362.5 3485.2 3070.55 Kankaval 2116 2066.8 2404 2692 3381 3331 3106.8 3515 5093 4619 3232.46 i Kudal 1977.8 2540 2712 3059 2531 3342 3273 3875 4442 4189 3194.08 Vaibhava 2799.9 3152 3339.6 4421 4823.4 4692.2 3916.2 3695.6 4179 4783 3980.19 di Dodamar 2784 3053 2751 3600 3826.6 4160.1 3801.6 3625.4 4874.1 4393 3686.88 g Dist Av. 2361.1 2688.3 2607.7 3223.3 3410.7 3657.5 3271.5 3694.0 4668.8 4236.9

(Ref Report on GROUND WATER INFORMATION SINDHUDURG DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA )

3.3.3 Temperature

Devgad has a tropical climate. The average temperature in Devgad is °C. 27.0 The warmest month of the year is April and May, with an °C average temperature of 29.6 . January has the lowest average °C temperature of the year. It is 25.4 . During the year, the average °C temperatures vary by 4.2 .

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3.3.4 Humidity

Sindhudurg being a coastal district, the climate is generally moist and humid . The relative humidity during the southwest monsoon is very high (86 to 90%). The relative humidity during winter and summer months is also above 57%. In case of monthly average of humidity, in the month of August average mean of maximum humidity was 94.3% which was the highest average mean of maximum humidity, where as in the month of April average mean at maximum humidity was 83.4 per cent which was the lowest figure of minimum average mean of maximum humidity. 3.3.5 Wind

Winds are generally light to moderate with some strengthening in force during the summer and monsoon seasons. The wind resource is found highly variable during June and July for the data collected. The wind direction is mainly concentrated in the N-NE sector with no contribution from west or SW direction. As per the previous data provided by M/s Maharashtra Energy Development Agency Pune, the site has an annual wind speed of 5.81 m/s & 5.22 m/s at 50 m & 30m AGI (Feb 2006 to jan 2008) and annual average wind 2 2 power density 218.58 W/m & 183.64 W/m at 50 m & 30m AGI (Feb 2006 to Jan 2008) respectively. This is found to be meet the minimum criteria of 200 2 W/m at 50 m AGI and thus the site may be considered as a potential site for wind farm development. However the extrapolated WPD value at 50m AGI 2. Devgad based on C-WET met data for the year 1990 is found to be 172W/m Wind rose pattern of Devgad village is given in Annexure II. Mean air density, Power Index on the basis of data collected for period of Jan 1987 to Dec.1991 is given in Annexure II

From the field visit followed by the scrutiny and analysis of the data collected by M/s Maharashtra Energy Development Agency, Pune in collecting wind data at their Devgad site is in order.

3.3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The study area is a part of Sindhudurg district. The entire project location is in semi- rural area. Movement of vehicles and fuel & fire wood burning are the only air polluting sources in the study area.

Considering that installation of windmills involves construction work i.e. basement foundation & transportation of old wind warm parts for reuse ,heavy

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towers / wind mills at the site, vehicular pollution due to movement of trucks / transport vehicles & cranes was identified as main air pollution source during construction work at site . During operational phase of the wind farm, Air pollution is negligible and only restricted to vehicular movement for maintenance work.

Information of climate and micrometeorological parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind direction and wind speed was also collected with the help of primary and secondary sources. For collection of baseline air quality data PM2.5,PM10, SO2,NOx& CO were identified as major pollution parameters & monitored in the study area.

The details of Technique used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 Technique used for Analysis of Air Quality

Code Min. Equipment/

Detection Sr. Parameter of 3 Sampler Instruments Limit ( g/m ) No Practice for Analysis

Respirable 1.0 IS: Dust

Balance

5182 Sampler

1. PM (Gravimetric 10 (Part with

Method) IV) Cyclone

Separator

Balance 1.0 PM2.5

2. PM2.5 (Gravimetric

Sampler

Method)

IS: 3.0 3. SO 5182 HVS Colorimeter 2 (Part V)

IS: 3.0 4. NO 5182 HVS Colorimeter x (Part V)

Gas 0.1 ppm. Chromatograp

Carbon IS: Bladder h with

and 5. monoxide 5182 Methaniser (CO) (Part X) Aspirator (Flame

Ionization

Detector)

3.3.7 Present Ambient Air Quality

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Two ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected within the study area, one at Project site and other at village Anan wadi.The details of sampling stations are presented in Table 3.7` The sampling data results are presented in Table 3.8. The limits for Ambient Air Quality specified by CPCB under NAAQS are presented in Table 3.9. Table 3.7 Ambient air quality sampling stations

Sr. No. Code Location Description 1 A-1 Near Wind Mill Station within proposed wind farm site 2 A-2 Anan Wadi Station near proposed wind farm at a distance of 1.3 km from the project site.

Table 3.8 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

2.5 PM SO Location PM 10 2 NOx CO 3 3 3 3 3 µg/m µg/m µg/m µg/m mg/m

Near Wind Mill 68.75 17.42 4.45 6.52 BDL (Project Site )

Anan Wadi 76.54 21.5 5.14 9.12 BDL

Table 3.9 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Concentration in Ambient 3 Air (in µg/m except

indicated)

Sr. Time Weighted

Pollutants Industrial No. Average Sensitive Residential, Rural and Area

Other Areas

Annual 50 20 Sulphur dioxide

Average*

(SO ) 2 24 Hours** 80 80

Annual Average 40 30 Nitrogen Dioxide *

(NO ) 2 24 Hours** 80 80

Annual Average Particular Matter 60 60

* 3 (Size less than 10

µg) or PM10 24 Hours** 100 100

Particular Matter Annual Average 40 40

* 4 (Size less than 2.5

µg) or PM 24 Hours** 60 60 2.5

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3 3 8 Hour Average 02 mg/m 02 mg/ m Carbon monoxide

5 3 3 (CO) 1 Hour Average 04 mg/ m 04 mg/ m

3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The project site is located on flat rocky peninsula in Devgad town. Nearest villages are at about 1 to 2 km distance from the site. Traffic levels near the project site are consequently very low because of less industrial area around the project site. Only the shipping activities are carried out in Anan wadi village. Thus baseline noise levels are low around the site. To study the baseline noise environment in the study area, noise levels were checked for two aspects

• Noise generated by turbine generator. • Noise generated by overall project activities i.e. construction, transportation etc.

Wind turbines produce very low noise levels, comparable with the levels found inside a typical living-room or in a quiet, air-conditioned office. When the wind is blowing, the noise level of the wind turbine is masked by the sound of the wind itself; when the wind isn't blowing, the turbines will not be moving and thus sit silently in the landscape. The sound level produced by typical wind farms is so low that it would not be noticeable in most residential areas.

Virtually everything with moving parts generates sound, but technical advances have greatly reduced noise levels from wind turbines.

 The turbine blades passing through the air generate sound. This aerodynamic sound is minimised by careful attention to the design and manufacture of the blades.  The sound made by the gearbox and generator is minimised through efficient engineering. Some turbine manufacturers have removed the need for a gearbox altogether.  Any remaining noise is contained within the nacelle by sound insulation and isolation materials.

Sound Pressure Level monitored with turbine in operation and after stopping the turbine also showed that the noise level due to the WTG is much higher than the background and net impact indicates a level substantially higher than background. To ensure that the noise levels are acceptable to neighboring community and

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for other security considerations, the wind farm project is planned so that the nearest habitat is at least 2-3 km away from the Wind Turbine Generators.

3.4.1 Noise Level Monitoring

To assess the ambient noise levels, the noise level monitoring stations were established near project site, near transport route and near human settlements. In the study area , nose levels are monitored at 5 location at different location in an around the proposed site during day and night time are given in Table 3.10. Table 3.10 Ambient noise level monitoring stations

Sr. Location Code Description No. 1. Near wind mill N1 Near wind farm site

2. Near Nearest human N2 Human settlement ,1 km from dwelling project site 3. Devgad Panchayat samiti N3 Human settlement, about 1.3 km office . From proposed wind farm 4. Devgad S.T. Stand N4 Around traffic area ,about 1.4 km from project site 5. Kadam wadi N5 Human settlement, about 1.5 km From proposed wind farm 6. Shiv Nagar N6 Human settlement, about 1.4 km From proposed wind farm

3.4.2 Noise Levels

The observed present noise levels are given in Table 3.11. . The equivalent noise levels obtained at these locations were compared with day time and night time Ambient Noise Quality Standards which are given in Table 3.12. Table 3.11 Noise Monitoring Results

Sr. No. Location Equivalent Noise Level Leq Day dB (A) Night dB (A) 1. Near wind mill 57.4 49.8 2. Near Nearest human dwelling 53.1 41.5 3. Devgad Panchayat samiti office 46.12 41.3 4. Devgad S.T. Stand 57.9 43.7 5. Kadam wadi 51.8 44.1 6. Shiv Nagar 48.9 38.7

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Table 3.12: Ambient Noise Quality Standards

Limits in dB(A) Leq* Area Code Category of Area/Zone

Day Time Night Time

(A) Industrial area 75 70

(B) Commercial area 65 55

(D) Silence Zone 50 40

Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

 Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are zones, which are declared as such by the competent authority.  Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above- mentioned categories by the competent authority.

From the data it is observed that noise levels in immediate vicinity of site and around the site were within the standards set for residential areas. Except for the noise levels taken near Devgad S.T. stand which is 57.9 dB (A) during day time. Traffic is responsible for these high noise levels.

3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Flora

Forest is the greatest renewable natural resource and also of the most striking feature of the landscape. Indirectly the forest ameliorates the extremes of climate, regulates the flow of rivers and checks soil erosion, controls floods and other determining factors affecting the soil. Thus, no one can deny the importance of forest in the regional ecology as well as in the economy (Mamoriya, C.B., 1973).

Due to the high rainfall 61 ranges from 2600 mm. to 3800 mm. and on an o o average 101 rainy days. Temperature is minimum 19 C to maximum 41 C. This climatic condition is favorable for growing varieties of vegetation. More than 200 species of trees, shrubs, climbers, bamboos and grasses are seen in the study region.etc. Most of the species are drying deciduous or scrubby. This is because the climate suffers from extremes. Grass grows up on the table land but in summer it dries.

In order to study the flora we laid total 15 quadrates of 10X10 m2 size. Quadrates were laid separately for detailed analysis of vegetation in the core area (project site area) and buffer area (10 km periphery). Total 5 quadrates were laid in the core area i.e. within the project boundary and 10 quadrates in

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10 km buffer area. In order to study herbs and grass species, we laid a 1X1 m2 quadrate within the above mentioned quadrates. Information on geographic coordinate, occurrence of plants, their species names, numbers and floral phenotypes, life forms etc. were collected from each quadrate we laid.

Table 3.13. List of plants observed in the Study Area

Sr. Comman Scientific name No. Name

1. Antiaris (Innoxia) Jasund

2. Anacardium (Occidentale) Kaju 3. Areca (Catechu) Pophal

4. Artocarpus (Indegrifolia) Phanas

5. Alstonia (Scholaris) Satvin 6. Albizzia (Lebbek) Siras

7. Bauhinia (Racemosa) Apta 8. Buchanania (Latifolia) Char

9. Briedlia (Chebule Harda

10. Banbusa (Arundinaria) Mango 11. Butea (Frondosa) Palas

12. Buchanania (Latifolia) Phalya 13. Cassia (Fistula) Bava

14. Caeslpina (Sappan) Patang 15. Egle (Marmelos) Bel

16. Eugenia (Jambolana) Jambhul

17. Eugenia (Vulgaris) Jamb 18. Flacortia (Montana) Atak

19. Ficus (Religiosa) Pimpal 20. Jonesia (Asoca) Ashok

21. Lagerstroemia (Regine) Taman 22. Mangifrra (Indica) mango

23. Mimusopa (Elengi) Bakul

24. Nauclea (Parviflora) Kadamb 25. Nirum (Odorum) Kanher

26. Nauclea (Cadamba) Nhiv 27. Nyetanthes (Arbortristic) Parjatak

28. Olea (Dioica) Karamb

29. Semicarpus (Anacardium) Biba

(Caryophylleum 30. Syzygium Jambal )

31. Stephegyne (Parviflora) Kalam

32. Streculia (Fetida) Nagalkuda 33. Stereospermu (Chelonoides) Padhri

m 34. Sterculia (Villosa) Saykanda

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35. Tamarindus Indica(Tamarind Chinch

) 36. Terminalia (Paniculata) Kinjal

37. Tricasanthes (Aanguina) Padali 38. Urostigma (Bengalense) Vad

3.5 .2 Fauna

Some of birds recorded in the area include the Common Sandgrouse (Pterocles exustus), Green Pigeon (M. Parva), Gray Partridge (Ortygornis pondiccrianus M. Titar), Snipes, Gray Jungle Foul, Pea-fowl etc. Water birds present in the area include Brahminy duck, Common Teal, Blue Winged Teal, The Great Indian Bustard, Lesser Florican etc. No wild animals were observed

List of fauna in the study area i.e. both in core zone and buffer zone is given in Table 3.14 to Table 3.16.

Table 3.14: Check - list of birds observed in the study area

Sr. Species Common Name No. 1 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret 2 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater 3 Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing 4 Centropus sinensis Crow-Pheasant 5 Upupa epops Indian Hoopoe 6 Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo 7 Corvus splendens House Crow 8 Pycnonotus cafer Redvented Bulbul 9 Turdoides striatus Jungle Babbler 10 Rhipidura aureola aureola White browed Fantail flycatcher 11 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird 12 Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver Bird

Table 3.15 check-list of mammals in the study area

Sr. No Species Common Name 1 Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose 2 Lepus nigricolis Indian Hare 3 Canis aureus Indian Jackal 4 Felis chaus Jungle cat 5 Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox

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6 Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai 7 Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare 8 Sus scrofa Wild Pig 9 Herpestes edwardsi Common mongoose 10 Funambulus pennanti Palm squirrel 11 Rattus rattus House rat 12 Tatera indica Indian Gerbil 13 Canis aureus Indian Jackal Table 3.16 check-list of reptiles in the Study area

Sr. Species Common Name No. 1 Varanus benghalensis Monitor Lizard 2 Python molurus Python 3 Ptyas mucosus Dhaman 4 Ahaetulla nasutus Green Whip-Snake 5 Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait 6 Naja naja Indian Spectacled Cobra 7 Vipera russeili Russell Viper

3.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The wind farm site is located within rural surrounding. The main activity of the study area is agriculture. As per the 2001 census data, the total population in the Sindhudurg district was 1,25,288, out of this population male population is 60,272 whereas female population is 65,016. Population density of the district is 167 /sq.km. There are 8 Talukas in Sindhudurg District Total number of villages in Sindhudurg district are given in Table 3.17. Table 3.17: Village as in Sindhudurg district

Sr. No. Taluka Villages no. 1 Devgad 97

2 Dodamarg 56 3 Kankavli 104

4 Kudal 124 5 Malvan 135 6 Sawantwadi 85

7 Vaibhavwadi 59 8 Vengurla 83 Total 743

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In case of proposed project, there are three villages located near the project site : Taramumbari, Malai and Jamsande. The total estimated population of these three villages is approximately 1000.

3.6.1 AMENITIES AND OTHER CIVIC FACILITIES

3.6.1.2 Educational Institutes

With the progress in education, educated middle class began to play an important role in the development of the district. Following the lead given by Pune and Mumbai private initiative was responsible for a considerable number of social and made their appearance. The Patwardhan High school which was established in 1902, Malvan Education Society (1911), Karachi Shikshan Prasarak Mandal (1921) are the prominent education socities which have contributed in the social reformation. K.A.Keluskar, B.G.Kher, G.K.Gokhale, Rajaram Shastri, Ramkrishna Bhagvat, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak and so many others who belong to this region and have contributed a lot in reforming the society by educating the peoples(Sharma, 2001). 81 The district is well above the average of population norm for state in respect of availability of both primary and secondary schools. The position regarding there are 7 ITI , 1 Govt. Polytechnic, 11 degree colleges, 5 B.ed colleges, 2 medical colleges, 1 engineering college, 1469Zilla Parishad and Private 49 primary schools and 206 secondary schools, Junior colleges 43 are dominant in the district. Percentage of literacy in the district is 80.52% to the total population is mention in below Table.

Table3.18: Tahsilwise Percentage Of Literacy In Sindhudurg District

Sr. No. Tahsils Villages 1. Devgad 79.74% 2. Dodamarg 76.55% 3. Kankavli 78.56% 4. Kudal 81.45% 5. Malvan 83.52% 6. Sawantwadi 81.71% 7. Vaibhavwadi 68.82% 8. Vengurla 85.27% Source: Social and economical report of Sindhudurg District 2005-2006 .

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3.6.1.2 Health Infrastructure

State Govt., Zilla Parishad, Nagar Parishad and Grampanchyat have been provides health services in the district. Up to the end of 2006 there are 11 hospitals, 8maternity hospitals and 38 primary health centers runs by the various agencies. 121 Doctors and 435 nurses have been working in above hospitals. Other than private Doctors and Institutions are provides heath services to the society. (Social and Economical report of Sindhudurg district 2005-06).

3.6.2 Agriculture & Crops

Paddy is the main food grain crop with 91% of the area under kharif and 31.7% under Rabi is under its cultivation of the total cropped area. Of the total cropped area 88.7% of the area is under kharif crops. Groundnut is also taken on 4.2% of the total cropped area. Other food grain crops include Italian Millet (Nachani) with 3.6% area (mostly kharif) and Horse gram (Kulith) with 3.4% (Rabi) of area under cultivation. 89 About 80% of the paddy produced is for self-consumption purpose.

Groundnut as well as Nachani is mostly consumed by farmers themselves. Kulith, besides for self consumption, is also processed on homescale basis to make kulith pithi for market purpose. About18% of paddy is sold to local traders/ agent for further sale / use for poha making industry in Kolhapur and Belgaum.

The district is blessed with famous Alphanso variety of Mango, high yielding bigger nut varieties of Vengurle 4 & 7 in Cashew and also the single largest producer of local kokum variety which are major fruit crops suitable for processing.

For Kokum only about 25 to 30% of fruits are processed on account of very short period of span of harvesting and absence of availability of proper harvesting devices/techniques. About 60% of Jamun fruits are marketed as table fruits through traders/dealers and the rest wasted due to lack of processing arrangements/techniques at field level.

Coconut is basically used for self consumption purpose. Most of the other fruits like Jackfruit, Karavnda goes as waste on account of lack of awareness on processing/harvesting techniques. It is also observed that cropping pattern and production according to the types of crop.

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Table3.19: Cropping pattern and production in Sindhudurg district (2006-07)

Sr.n Type of Area sown in Annual production o Crops hectare in MTs Foodgrains 1 Paddy 75000 217500 2 Kulith 3500 2200 Horticultural 1 Mango 23283 62000 2 Cashew 40072 43400 3 Jamun 16000 (Trees) 3200 16237(Lakh 4 Coconut Nuts) 1440 5 Kokum 1200 12500

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CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Wind farms, as facilities for production of electricity, have the potential to impact the natural and urban environment. In designing these facilities, it is possible to avoid or reduce the negative environmental impacts. The land, acoustic, and socio-economic environment are potentially significant environmental components under consideration for assessing the impacts. The impact assessment also includes our observations on air environment, water environment and biological environment. For the evaluation purpose and to understand the existing environmental scenarios in the study area, the baseline setting for the above mentioned environmental components are documented in earlier chapter. The potential impact of wind farms on the environment will be addressed in the following paragraphs.

4.1 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION

The environmental attributes that may be affected by the proposed project activities are Air, Water, Noise, Soil/Land, Agricultural, Flora & Fauna, Population/habitation, Land Use, Socio economic & cultural, Infrastructure, Health & Safety, aesthetic value in an around the project site.

Project activities are classified under three groups.

• Construction • Operation • Maintenance

The activities have been arranged in column and the environmental attributes in the matrix. Normally site selection category is applicable to other project but in this proposed site already wind farms are existed A preliminary scrutiny has been done and the cells, which fall, at the junction of active and the attributes that have possible interaction have been marked. The impact identification matrix is shown as table 4.1.

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Table 4.1: Potential Sources of Environmental Impacts

Type of Potential Impacts Construction Operation Noise Generation √ √ Night Time Operation √ √ Gaseous emission √ X Dust √ X Liquid Effluent √ X Disruption of water movement or X X bottom sediment Traffic Generation X X Disposal of oils material √ X Generation of waste by products √ X Risk of accidents which would X X result in pollution of hazard Endangerment of cultural X X heritage resources Storage handling, transport or X X disposal of hazardous materials or waste √= Possible X= Not expected

4.1.1 ONSTRUCTION

This will involve construction of necessary infrastructure, the power generating units, service facilities and power evacuation system. Continuous air emissions or water discharges are not expected during construction and operation phase of the project. Hence only qualitative impacts on related environmental components are assessed.

4.1.2 OPERATION

Operation phase will have less impact on noise quality of the area due to the operation of wind energy generators, shade of large WEGs.

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4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Emission coming from the construction activities of site clearance, road construction, foundation preparation will lead to dust generation and exhaust of construction machinery and equipment including generators (e.g. So2., Co2 , Nox SPM , PM10 ). The major source of the air pollution during construction period is expected from the movement of vehicles. All prefabricated structures will be mobilized to site for onsite assembling. Concreting will be done through transit mixers carrying concrete from batching plant away from CRZ area. Only material handling and erection will be done at site. These activities will be the minor source of emission during the construction phase of the proposed project.

The dust emissions can be suppressed by taking appropriate measures like sprinkling of water at the haul roads and construction sites, if necessary. The vehicular impacts can be minimized by proper maintenance of machinery and the vehicles and limitation on vehicle speed.

Impacts of setting up wind energy project and transmission line on environment during the construction phase will be insignificant and temporary in nature. Suggested EMP during the construction phase will reduce the impact on air quality if any. Thus impact on local settlement will be negligible owing to considerable distance from the turbines.

4.2.2 OPERATION PHASE

The sources of emissions in air would be through the movement of vehicles for transportation. Though during the construction period these would be more, the emissions during operation would be very less as the number of vehicles plying would be very less as compared to the construction phase. . Moreover, heavy vehicles viz. trucks, dumpers etc. would be plying only during the construction phase while during the operation phase only jeeps, and to some extent trucks would be plying occasionally carrying blades or parts of WTG for maintenance.

The main impact of the used of the wind energy as resource will be benefited provided by the replacement of conventional power generation. Wind energy will replace fossil fuel power energy generation, therefore carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere will be reduced. Overall the

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project will have a beneficial impact on the air quality due to the replacement of the non-renewable energy generation.

4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Well-designed wind turbines are generally quiet in operation, and compared to the noise of road traffic, trains, and aircraft and construction activities. Some of noise levels for different activities are as follow:

Source / Activity Indicative Noise Level dB (A) Threshold of hearing Wind farm at 350m 35-45 Car at 40mph at 100m 55 Busy general office 60 Truck at 30mph at 100m 65 Jet aircraft at 250m 105 Source: The Scottish Office, Environment Department, Planning Advice Note, PAN 45, Annes A: Wind Power,A.27. Renewable Energy Technologies, August 1994.

As the table shows, the sound of a working wind farm is actually less than normal road traffic or an office. Thus ambient noise quality will not be adversely affected if the developer uses updated technologies and maintains the wind mills.

4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The construction activity will be mainly carried out during day time. Project construction activities such as movement of vehicles for transportation of construction material to the construction yard, grading, excavation for foundation works, movement and operation of earth moving equipment, operation of diesel generators at isolated segments. These activities are some extent responsible for the generation of noise but this phase is temporary.

The noise levels will decrease with distance. Noise levels generated by construction activities vary significantly depending on the type and condition of equipment, operation methods. The noise level generated at the site during the construction activity will be in range of 84–109 dB (A).

As the human settlement or nearby villages located far away from the

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proposed site i.e. 1.2 Km distance at north side will not have a significant impact on existing ambient noise levels at receiving sites as noise generating activities are dispersed. Therefore the impact from construction noise is deemed to be negligible.

Noisy construction machinery operating workers are prone to exposure of high levels of noise. Use of proper personal protective equipment can mitigate the adverse impacts of noise generated by such equipment‟s. Careful maintenance of machinery and scheduling of operations can however reduce the noise levels.

4.3.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

The noise generated during the operational phase of the project will be due to rotor movement through the air, turbine operation, vehicle movements, and machinery operation around the site for maintenance and repair purposes.

Blades moving through the air produce an aero-dynamic noise. This noise is detectable when it is greater than the background noise. In additional the operating turbine may produce a tonal noise. As villages are located at minimum distance of 1.2 Km from the wind turbine and looking at noise propagation, the background noise will not be affected. Suzlon wind turbines are made with upgraded technology, which reduces considerable noise at nacelle during operational phase. Hence impact on the ambient noise level in surrounding villages is considered to be insignificant.

4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The potential impacts take place due to the project location on land environment are: Land and crop disturbance, disposal of excess spoil and soil contamination , Improper disposal of the waste generated and disposals of excavated soil, change in the topographical pattern during road construction and foundation work.

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Activities that caused land disturbance include installation of tower foundations, road preparation, excavation etc. In proposed site already wind farm is existed. So minimum excavation and foundation work is carried out.

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On site, roads are developed some extent these are improved so impact of all these activities are very minimum or negligible.

Solid waste generated will comprise of substratum received during excavation and minor construction waste. The solid waste generated may be disposed off by dumping in the nearby area. None of the above process will result in spoiling the soil quantity in the region. Old windmills are dismantling and new more capacity wind mills are installed on the proposed site. During this, metallic waste or parts of the windmills are generated. Parts of the windmills are again used in another site and metallic waste should be given to the authorized vendors for recycling. Hence residual impact will be insignificant on the surrounding environment.

4.4.1 OPERATIONAL PHASE

In the operation phase, waste water and solid waste generated will be restricted to only office and site maintenance workers. The maximum ten workers will be a on project site for maintenance and cleaning of the site and machines. Proper care will be taken with regards to possible changes in soil quality due to human activities on the soil of the surrounding area. The solid waste will comprise garbage and biodegradable waste. None of this will make any impact to soil quality in future. Very small quality of solid waste will be generated by workers during the project construction and operation and this waste will be handled and disposed of in proper manner therefore no soil contamination will result. Any hazardous waste like waste oil, paint containers will be disposed off to authorised vendors.

As this land, presently used for wind farm so no settlement or human presence reported in the project area. There is no concern for resettlement and rehabilitation, topographical change issue.

4.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The volume of water used during project construction and operation is low. Water is required for plant civil works, currently being sourced from local bore wells/ wells/lakes and supplied to the site via water tankers by contractors.

Groundwater contamination can occurred if chemical material or substances are not properly handled or are incorrectly disposed of and leach into the

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water table or if wastewater from plant activities is not properly disposed of. This is not the case with the present project, as the activity does not require any chemicals, which could leach down to water table. Therefore the impact on ground water quality is not anticipated in the present project. Toilet blocks provided for labour camps dispose off to septic tanks followed by soak pits. The disposal of wastes such as paint and enamel drums at the wind farm sites has to be done carefully so as not to cause any leachate generation.

4.5.2 OPERATION PHASE

During operational phase of the project, there is no requirement of water. Only water required for the office staff during operation phase. Minor volumes of sewage will be generated from toilet facilities at the site office. This will be disposed to septic tank, thus no significant impact is anticipated to surface or groundwater.

A small (Devgad) creek is the nearest water body, which is located at a distance of 500 mtrs away from the Wind turbine locations. Proper environmental management plan will be helpful for minimize the residual impacts of the activities performed during the construction phase. Hence, the impact on the nearest water body is not expected.

However, the area has general water scarcity and the activity will cause a minor negative impact on water availability in the region.

4.6 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance, cutting, filling and levelling causing loss of ground vegetation. As we know the windmills are already existed on the site so these initial construction work is not be a part of the proposed project. There will be no conflict regarding the encroachment on nature reserve, as the project area is located far away from the habitat. No impact on wildlife habitat and bird movement is anticipated. There are no rare and endangered species reported in the project area. Therefore the project will have no impact on bio-diversity.

Also the diversion of forest land for location of wind farm will not be applicable for the proposed project. In a power generation activity with coal as a base fuel, emissions of primary pollutants result & hence impact on the health of flora and fauna occurs to a certain extent. The ecological impacts are potentially due to the release of such emissions to the atmosphere and their

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impacts on vegetation, terrestrial flora and fauna. Therefore the project will have no impact on biodiversity. No impact on wildlife habitat is predicted.

4.6.1 BIRDS

Wind farms can harm birds in three possible ways – disturbance, habitat loss or damage (both direct and indirect), and collision. The project site, being devoid of any major shelter providing trees, has very less chances to affect bird habitat.

Earlier studies estimated that wind farms are responsible for 0.3 to 0.4 fatalities per gigawatt-hour (GWh) of electricity while fossil-fueled power stations are responsible for about 5.2 fatalities per GWh. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), UK concluded that appropriately positioned wind farms do not pose a significant hazard for birds. It notes that climate change poses a much more significant threat to wildlife, and therefore supports wind farms and other forms of renewable energy. (Ref_Sovacool, B. K. (2009). "Contextualizing avian mortality: A preliminary appraisal of bird and bat fatalities from wind, fossil-fuel, and nuclear electricity". Energy Policy 37: 2241–2248)

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The project sites are located approximately 2 km from the nearest human habitat/village and hence Rehabilitation and Resettlement has never been an issue in the development of wind farms because on this land wind farm is already present.

The impact on the health and culture of local residents is not anticipated as employees will be recruited from the surrounding area of the site. Operation phase of the project will also generate employment like Security guards. Thus, the project has a positive impact on employment generation in the surrounding area. The operation of the wind farm will make several changes in the socio-economic and cultural environment.

The site does not involve any sensitive archaeological monuments as per the Archaeological Survey of India. No historical and cultural Monuments have been affected due to project location. Erection of the wind turbines will create significant built features in the landscape that will either be considered pleasing architectural additions or detractions from the appearance of the local landscape, depending upon the perception of the viewer.

The generation of electricity from such clean process would contribute towards meeting the states deficit in electricity requirement.

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4.8 CLIMATE WITH RESPECT TO RAINFALL

Wind farms having different design do not act as a solid obstruction to cloud. Therefore, they do not induce enough vertical velocities to result in any appreciable change in precipitation. The flow computations past the windmill blades show no perceptible change in temperature field. Hence, there would be no change in cloud morphology. Thus windmills have no effect on rainfall.

4.9 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX

Various activities from the proposed residential project are likely to have some impacts on the environmental constituents during its construction as well as operational phase

At the onset, the project activities have been divided into three phases as follows

I) Project initiation: Involve Micro-siting studies/Temporary camps for labour, cleaning of the site and surrounding area for development of access facilities to the site. II) Installation of wind mill (Construction Phase ) : Construction machinery transport of windmill parts through cranes, trucks and setting up of livelihood for labour, Management of traffic on site III) Execution of the project or Operational phase: Generation of the Power using wind mill, Operation and maintenance of the wind mill, Improvement in surrounding amenities.

The extent of each of these impacts on various environmental components have been rated and presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Impact Identification Matrix at project Initiation

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Project Project Initiation Project Installation (Construction Phase ) Execution of the project (Operational Activities phase) Traffic Material Mobilisation Dismantling Dismantling Providing Traffic Local area movement transport & Foundation Power and part and livelihood to storage work movement development / generation and clearing Equipment labour camps improvement in maintenance

mobilization Amenities

Land use --- Perm/ Temp./ Temp./ --- Temp./ Perm/ ---- Perm/ -ve Imct -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct ---- +ve Imct Water ------Temp./ --- Temp./ Temp./ ------ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. Soil --- Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ --- Perm/ Temp./ ------ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct. Solid waste Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ ---- Temp./ Temp./ ------ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct. Ambient Air --- Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Perm/ Perm/ Perm/ Quality -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct. -ve Imct +ve Imct -ve Imct Noise Levels --- Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Perm/ Perm/ Perm/ -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct -ve Imct Ecology ------Socio------Temp./ ------Perm/ economics -ve Imct. +ve Imct Traffic --- Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Perm/ ------ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct -ve Imct. -ve Imct Health ------Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ ----- Temp./ ------ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. Aesthetic Temp./ ---- Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ Temp./ ----- Perm/ Perm/ Perm/ -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct. -ve Imct +ve Imct +ve Imct +ve Imct

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CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Environmental & Social Management Plan is an implementation plan to mitigate and offset the potential adverse environmental & social impacts of the project and enhance the positive impacts. Based on the environmental baseline conditions, planned project activities and impacts assessed earlier, this section enumerates the set of measures to be adopted to minimize the adverse impacts. Process of implementing mitigation and compensatory measures, execution, agencies responsible for their implementation is discussed in this chapter.

The project has overall positive impacts by providing a competitive and pollution free power. It will certainly meet the ever increasing Demand of Power and to bridge the Gap between Demand and Supply of Power.

5.2 ENVIRONMENATAL QUALITY MONITORING

Effectiveness of EMP can be evaluated through monitoring of different environmental parameters with prescribed standards. The important Environmental quality parameters for construction and operational phase are given in following Table 5.1

Table 5.1: Environmental Aspects during Construction and operational phase

Environmental Aspects / Parameters Standards attribute Ambient air quality SO2, NOX, PM10 PM 2.5 NAAQS Standards AND CO Drinking water pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, Drinking water (Portability testing) BOD, DO , Hardness, parameters as per IS (During Functional Phase) Alkalinity, Calcium and 10500 magnesium and Total coliform and Fecal coliform

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Ground water and pH, TDS, TSS, turbidity, Drinking water Surface water quality (if BOD, DO and oil & parameters as per IS any ) grease, heavy metals 10500

Surface water parameters as Per IS 2296 Soil quality Organic matter, N,P,K BIS standards Alkalinity,

Traffic scenario Traffic volume and AS per ISRC Guidelines density

5.3 KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT CELL

 Implement the environment policy guidelines and environmental good practices at the sites.  Advise and coordinate the contractor(s) activity towards effective environment management.  Implement environment and safety manual.  Carry out environmental and social survey in conjunction with project planning cell  While route selection of the alignment at the planning stage to avoid negative environmental impact.  Make the contractor staff aware of environmental and social issues so that EMP could be managed effectively. Table 5.2 Key Responsibilities of Environmental & Social Management Cell Sr. Designation Responsibility No. 1 Project Director (1 no) Environmental and Social policy and directions 2 Head-Operations (1 no.) Overall in-charge of operation of environment & social management facilities; Ensuring legal compliance by properly undertaking activities as laid down by various regulatory agencies from time to time and interacting with the same 3 General Manager (1 no.) Secondary responsibility for environment & social management and decision making for all environmental issues including Safety and Occupational Health 4 Social Expert (1no) & Ensure environmental monitoring and M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 69

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Environmental Expert (1no) social issues related to project as per appropriate procedures

5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING

The supervision and reporting process with respect to implementation status or if any mitigating measures will be carried out regularly and strictly. The project will maintain (i) records of significant environmental matters, including monitoring data, occupational accidents, fire and other emergencies and (ii) records of public complaints and accidents involving the general public. This information will be reviewed and evaluated to improve the effectiveness of the environmental, health and safety programme and an annual summary will be prepared and reported to the concern authority.

The environmental monitoring Programme for project pre and post monitoring is summarised in table 5.3

Table 5.3 : Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Project Location Frequency Duration Attributes Stage Air Quality Construction Near Once during 24 hours per day for habitation construction 2 consecutive working days per week for 2 weeks Operation Near Annually after 24 hours per day for habitation operation starts 2 consecutive working days per week for 2 weeks Water Quality Construction Near Once during habitation construction

Operation Near Annually after habitation operation starts Noise Level Construction Near Once 24 hours with habitation frequency of 1 hour for 2 non consecutive days per week for 2 weeks Operation Near Annually after 24 hours with habitation operation starts frequency of 1 hour for 2 non consecutive days per week for 2 M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 70

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weeks Operation In the Annually event of spillage Ecology Construction Around the During tree project site felling Operation Annually

This EMP takes into account all the environmental issues and the corresponding mitigation measures identified in impact assessment studies.

The EMP presented below includes:

Specific actions to be taken with reference to site specific issues.

• Responsible agencies for implementation & supervision. • Time frame for implementing mitigatory actions. • Reference to contract documents and specifications. • Project level environmental monitoring. • Environmental status reporting frequency. • Institutional arrangements, strengthening of their capability and role.

This chapter spells out the set of measures to be taken during project construction and operation to reduce or mitigate or bring down the adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. The most reliable way to ensure that the plan will be integrated into the overall project planning and implementation is to include the plan as an integral component of the project. This will ensure that it receives funding and supervision along with other investment components. For optimal integration of EMP into the project, there should be links for Funding, Management, Training and Monitoring.

The Environmental Management Plans have been prepared and discussed in subsequent sections.

5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANS - MITIGATION MEASURES:

The EMP has been marked out for two stages viz. construction and operation stages of the project and is presented in Table 5.4 through Table 5.5. In Construction phase, development of the road and cleaning of site such activates are completed during prior installation the wind farm. So dismantling

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the existing wind farm is the main activity during the proposed project.

5.5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN :

The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed. The plan includes recommended monitoring sites, parameters to be monitored, time and frequency of monitoring, and collection, analysis and reporting of monitoring data.

Table 5.4: Environmental management plan– construction stage

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Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Time Responsibilit Conclusion/ Issues y Remarks frame/Phase

Debris disposal Debris generated due to dismantling During Project Though of existing pavement/structures shall construction Developer construction solid be suitably reused in proposed /Contractor waste/ debris construction. Un-utilizable debris generation is shall be suitably disposed at the expected to be non- site. Good disposal practices hazardous in recommended by various nature. This waste agencies/authorities shall be should be disposed followed. by as per the local

authority rule. For Soil contamination by Oil and fuel spills from construction During Project this taking the construction waste and fuels equipment shall be minimized by construction Developer permission from LAND / SOIL good O & M practice.Soils /Contractor local administration POLLUTION conaminated by such spills shall be also. disposed as per MOEF requirements. Hazardous waste such as paints, Sourcing Construction All initial construction material i.e. During entire Project solvents transformer material and material spill. sand, cement etc. will be sourced construction Developer oil , diesel will be from licensed quarries.All vehicles /Contractor generated . With delivering such material to the site respect to this will be covered to avoid material proper care willbe spillage. taken that no solid or liquid waste will contaminate site and surrounding

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areas.

a) Dust emission during  During erections of WEC, During entire foundation construction site to be construction excavation/constructi watered periodically to phase Project on minimize fugitive dust Developer/ generation Contractor Fugitive dust and  All earthwork and emissions will be construction material should minimized to the be stored in such a manner b) Dust emission due some possible to minimize generation of Earthwork extent that help in AIR dust and spillage on roads. POLLUTION reducing the Construction equipment  Exhaust and noise During Contractor pollution levels. emissions emissions of construction construction equipment„s shall adhere to emission norms as lay out by MoEF/CPCB.  Overloading should be avoided.  Follow the preventive maintenances practice especially in the Crane.

 Construction activity induced During entire Project Proper noise levels shall be construction management and Noise Levels due to managed within day-time of relevant Developer/ implementation of Construction Activity hours. sections Contractor the EMP plan help  The contractor can employ in reducing the mitigation measures such as restricted and/or intermittent noise levels. activity. M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 74

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Noise and Dust from Drilling a) All possible and practical Local communities operations and construction measures to control noise emission will be informed related equipments during drilling operations shall be During Contractor about the vehicular construction employed. M/s Suzlon may direct to movement before take adequate control measures phase start of heavy depending on site conditions. vehicle movement

b) All construction equipment‟s shall Carrying materials be fitted with exhaust silencers. and machines to Damaged silencers to be promptly site. replaced by contractor. Sensitive locations c) It will be ensured that noise such as schools will

emissions of construction equipment be identified and NOISE LEVELS adhere to emission norms as set out avoided as far as by MOEF/CPCB. possible from the route and if Noise due to operation of DG sets, if used, shall comply noise unavoidable, drivers DG sets standards prescribed by MoEF. will be informed to During Contractor restrict speed at construction those locations.

Any nuisance due to vehicular and

construction noise to villagers and

sensitive locations

Such as schools will

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be minimized.

a) Water  Construction material During contamination due containing fine particles shall construction improper storage of be stored in an enclosure. Contractor construction materials  Daily scrutiny at construction site should be carried out to b) Water contamination ensure removal of WATER due improper debris construction debris. POLLUTION disposal

 As soon as construction waste is used for the fill up Project low lying areas in an around Developers the project site.

a) Work during  Construction work at During The ground and monsoon near water sections close to water construction surface water bodies bodies shall be avoided Contractor sources

during monsoon or will not be completed before monsoon. Contaminated.

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completed in all respects, the contractor shall, as a mark of good gesture, clean up the drains along the project road to the extent possible. Disposal of waste water  Leak-proof holding tanks for During sanitary waste water will be Construction constructed to protect the phase shallow ground water level.  Waste water holding tanks / Contractor septic tank will be located at more than 500 m away from bore wells or any other underground water holding tanks.  It will be ensured that the waste water is not finding its way into surface waters or water wells.

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a) Providing temporary  The contractor shall abide by labour camps and the contract conditions & SOCIOECONO facilities directions with respect to MIC siting of labour camps, ENVIRONMEN providing sanitation facilities b) Availability of first aid T & labour welfare issues etc. kit at construction site  First aid boxes, sufficient fire extinguishers and hazard signs near energized During components at site will be construction ensured along with adequate erection & Workers health & c) Occupational health use of personal protective Installation of safety will be and safety equipments; adequate Wind Turbine. ensured. procedures and training to

prevent safety hazards  The contractors is required to comply with all the precautions as required for the safety of workmen as per the international labour organization.  Take proper care during loading and unloading to avoid any mechanical injury.

 Before starting the job, follow the standard Safety toolbox talk practice.  Implement a fall protection training including fall protection measures,

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climbing practices etc

 The contractor shall supply Contractor all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, safety belts, earplugs, masks, harness etc. to the worker and staff.  Workers exposed to loud noise (as per factory act requirements) shall wear earplugs/earmuffs.

 Contractor shall ensure that During entire All the precautions the transport vehicles used construction will be taken to Public Safety- to carry materials and phase Contractor avoid dispose debris does not any traffic accident. create hazardous conditions for general traffic. a) material carrying  The construction site should trucks be barricaded at all time in a b) Restricted entry to day with adequate marking, outsider public at site flags, reflectors etc., for the safety of general traffic movement Accident and emergency  Adequate precautions shall During Project Workers will be precautions be taken to prevent danger construction developer / trained for all from electrical equipment. All emergencies and machines / equipment used

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shall be checked out and procedural calibre responsibilities.  Emergency Response and Contractor Preparedness Plan will be developed and followed to deal with emergencies such as natural disasters and community protests; display emergency numbers (viz. nearest police station, health centre) at the site for use by staff. Minimize construction of new roads. During Project Painting of the non- Paint wind turbines, blades, towers, construction developer / reflective colour Impact on visual and structures with a neutral non- /Contractor help in protecting resources reflective colour, so that they blend avian diversity. with the surroundings.

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Table 5.5 Environmental Management Plan–Operation Stage

Environmental Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Time Responsibility Conclusion/ Attributes Issues Remarks frame/Phase

Improper disposal of Proper and contained disposal of Routinely Project construction debris, enamel and paint drums, waste during authorities LAND / SOIL wastes, wastewaters water from sites, other waste at operation POLLUTION sites.

AIR POLLUTION Air Quality Studies Vehicle emission norms shall be Routinely Project enforced for all kind of vehicles. after developer operation phase

Ambient air concentrations of Starting Project various pollutants shall be immediately developer monitored as per the pollution- after the monitoring plan completion of construction

NOISE Humming sound of wind Proper maintenance of turbines During Project POLLUTION power . shall be ensured. Monitor the noise Operation developer levels at sensitive receptors, phase houses, forest area etc.

WATER Disposal of • Adequate sanitation facility is During Project POLLUTION Sewage/Canteen Water provided for the labours/ operation developer workers/ office staff.

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• Wastewater generated is stage treated in septic tank treatment facility. Traffic and safety • Traffic control measures Through Project including speed limits to be operation developer SOCIOECONOMIC enforced strictly. stage ENVIRONMENT • Provision of adequate traffic signals, signpost/road crossing etc. • Implementation of a fall protection program includes training in climbing techniques and use of fall protection measures, inspection, maintenance and replacement etc. • Install fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection Systems.

• In designing a site plan for project facilities, the requirements of aviation authorities should be complied to avoid Workers health & electromagnetic interference safety will be and other incompatible land uses. ensured • Provide rational speed During Project control to ensure the safe operation developer operation of wind turbine. • Unauthorized personnel stage should be prevented from M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 82

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accessing towers and other hazardous or restricted areas. • Develop an operational and Public health and safety emergency response program for fire and major accidents including emergency equipment .personnel. • Tower Entrance door should be kept in Lock & Key. Training & Project authorities will train the operation Project Workers will be employees, contractor and arrange stage develpoer trained for all Awareness the awareness program in the emergencies and nearby community through procedural contractor as per their tasks in responsibilities accordance with World Bank Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines: General Criteria.

• The entire proposed road corridor should be monitored for any accidents. On the basis of the database collected by traffic police shall be rectify if any Major loss in terms of physical correction/alteration human and property in the geometry of the road needed. will be avoided • In case of any accidental hazards follow the machinery Safety Instruction

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Manual for control of Project operation. developer • Emergency Response and Throughout Preparedness Plan will be operation • Developed and strictly stage followed .

Accident hazards

Social welfare Maximum employment will be During Project Local bodies such provided to local people, especially construction developer as Panchayat, will as construction workers and security and be involved for guards. operational employment of phase interested villagers

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CHAPTER 6 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Risk is defined as the exposure to possible economic loss or gain, physical damage or injury, or delay as a consequence of the uncertainty associated with any particular action or project. In other words it can be defined as probability of occurrence of a hazardous event. These events and their causes, frequency of occurrence and consequences are studied in coarse risk analysis which is a part of qualitative risk analysis.

Risk management is a process whereby threats to a community or its assets are assessed; risk treatments can be identified; and the residual risks become the province of emergency/counter disaster management.

Emergency risk management can be directed at two levels

• Events identified “by Emergency Response Managers while assessing risks to critical infrastructure as having extreme risk consequences” • events of a lesser nature that do not require the declarations of a “Major Incident” as outlined in Emergency Management Act.

Both risk management and counter disaster planning are overlapping phases of a pre-disaster field. This is sometimes expressed through a PPRRR model (Planning, Prevention, Response, Relief, and Recovery).

• Prevention – Risk Management Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatments identification Risk acceptance Risk mitigation Risk transfer Risk monitoring Communication and consultation • Preparation – Emergency management planning within an organisation‟s sphere of influence

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– Emergency management planning incorporating links to Zone Emergency Management Plans

• Response – Monitoring threats and initiating response – Enactment of the counter disaster plan – Review and modification of emergency risk management plans • Relief, a control mechanism to avoid people over stressing themselves during an Emergency

• Recovery

The benefits of performing a risk analysis of a project include:

1. A clear picture and definite perceptions of risks, their effects on the project and their interactions.

2. A better planning and selection of solutions to those risks and a flexible assessment of different ways of dealing with the impacts of risks.

3. An effective feedback to the design and planning system in terms of minimizing or reducing the risks.

4. An effective hint towards operation and construction of the project in terms of mitigating the impacts of the risks.

5. An overall reduction of exposure to dangers during the project.

6. Sensitivity analysis of the assumptions made during the process of project implementation.

7. Finally, it provides better knowledge and confidence for appropriate decision making and efficient risk management.

Disaster management plan formulated with an aim of taking precautionary step to control the hazard propagation and avert disaster and also to take such action after the disaster, which limits the damage to the minimum.

6.2 ASSESSING RISK IN WIND POWER PROJECT

The overall possible risk hazards and its area related to wind mill project is

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given in the Table 6.1 Two main problems have to be solved:

 Is the turbine having capacity to withstand the highest load case?  Is the turbine able to withstand the fatigue due to it tremendous number of cycle?

These problems can in investigated by implementing analysis for the extreme-and fatigue- loads cases. Extreme analyses have to be conducted on the following load cases:

(a) Normal power production and fault

- Error in yaw system and Error in blade pitch system

(b) Extreme wind conditions

- Extreme wind speed , Extreme wind direction change, Extreme wind shear

The fatigue analysis is as important as the extreme analysis. Most of the mechanical destructions are either due to fatigue or due to a failure in the control/ safety system.

The potential hazardous areas and the likely accidents with the concerned projected area have been enlisted below in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Hazardous Area With Concerned Accidents

Sr. Hazardous Area Likely Accidents No 1 Wind Turbine Collapse 2 Electrical Room Fire and electrocution 3 Transformer Area Fire and electrocution 4 Cable Tunnel Fire and electrocution 5 Around wind turbine area and within Human mistake or nacelle minor and major injury to worker natural phenomenon 6 High angle rescue

6.3 DISASTER PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) assembly Points are the places where site employees will gather during an emergency or after a disaster to take roll call, organize rescue, Basic Fire fighting, first aid, and support

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teams.

When calling local emergency dispatcher, remain calm, speak slowly and clearly. Include the following information in communication:  State the facility address or turbine Coordinates;  State the type of emergency (fire, medical, etc.)  Stay on the phone until the responding agency releases you, answer all questions; and  Advise the dispatcher if you need to evacuate the turbine and temporarily clear the area around the turbine.

Critical Contact Information – Customer and Service site

Site/Construction Area/Project Manager: Site Tech

Manager: Main Project Office

Mr/ Mrs Ramakant

Mr/ Mrs Ramakant Nirmale Mr/ Mrs Ramakant

Nirmale Phone: 9527819276 Nirmale

Phone: 9527819276: Phone: 9527819276

Doctor Lead Technician Health & Safety

Mr/ Mrs XXXXX Mr/ Mrs Deelip Suradkar Phone: Mr/ Mrs Customer Scope Phone: 919527821361 Phone:

On-Site Supervisor Once individuals are gathered at the ERP Assembly Point, take a headcount and immediately report to management.

Emergency Routes and Equipment Maps of ERP Assembly Points, emergency exit routes, fire extinguisher points, first aid kits, and eye wash stations are provided.

A) Emergency Response Supplies

Emergency response supplies include: first aid kits, fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, spill cleanup kits, etc. Tower rescue kit is kept in office. Monthly inspections of these supplies will be conducted.

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B) Emergency Notification System

Primary source of emergency communications will be cell phones with two- way radios as a secondary source. C) Shelters for Severe Weather Events/Tornados/Lightning/ Earthquake / Cyclones / Fire etc. In the case of severe weather tornados, lightning, earthquakes, employees should exit the turbine, and/or if in a location other than a turbine, move to an ground floor or assemble at assembly point as quickly as possible.

If in a turbine and evacuation is not possible, notify the site office, remote trip the main switchgear and take a position in the bottom of the tower. If in a location other than a turbine and time does not allow for movement, cover should be taken away from glass and under protective items such as sturdy desks. Hallways and enclosed stairwells are also acceptable shelter areas. Once individuals have reached the On-site Emergency Control room, they should assume a seated position on the floor with their heads down and their hands over their heads or place themselves under a desk. If they are wearing heavy clothing or have access to heavy clothing, they should use these items to cover their upper bodies and heads. Once the disaster has stabilized, exit from the building and gather at the ERP Assembly Point.

Quick Action Requirement:  If possible, proceed to the nearest On-Site Emergency Control room – assist others if possible.  Stay with other people in the area if you cannot get to one of the On- Site Emergency Control room .  Once the disaster has stabilized, report to the ERP Assembly Point – DO NOT LEAVE THE ERP Assembly POINT unless it is unsafe to stay.  Check in the On-Site Supervisor or scene management.  Wait for further instruction or “All Clear” (clearance to re-enter)

I) On site Emergency Control Room #1 : Near Site office

In order to control the disaster more effectively, a Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) shall be established at the project site.

6.4 SITE / TURBINE INCIDENTS

In the case of a site (injury, environmental) or turbine incident (fire, over- speed, or debris separation), during an emergency, the top priorities are to:

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 Ensure human health and safety; Preserve the environment;  Minimize or prevent property and equipment damage; and  Secure the area/scene, including establishing a temporary clearance area if appropriate. Establishing a Temporary Clearance Area

When establishing a temporary clearance area in the event of a wind turbine incident (i.e., fire, runaway or debris separation), rope off or otherwise temporarily clear an area with a minimum radius of 500 meters measured from the base of the turbine. Best judgment and common sense should always be employed when establishing a temporary clearance area. If a turbine incident is identified, but the situation appears to be mitigated, the establishment of a temporary clearance area may not be required.

Emergency Management:  Emergency management establishes safety practices in response to risks and hazards associated with injury to persons or damage; loss of property.  Emergency Response Team will perform any High Angle, Confined  Space, etc. when required, bringing the patient to the assembly point so that local emergency services Fire/Police/Ambulance) can medically assist while transporting the patient to the hospital.  The emergency scene will be preserved to the best ability while rescue takes place.  Prior to the start of this project we will make arrangements with local emergency responders to create, implement, and maintain pre emergency response planning.  We will arrange to have the responders come to the site to familiarize themselves with the facilities.  This emergency Response plan coves a number of events that may occur at the Project site by natural causes, equipment failure or by human mistake.

The following is a list of potential event:

Minor Injuries Project Evacuation Major Injuries . Suspension Trauma/Orthostatic Fire or Explosion Intolerance* M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 90

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*Orthostatic Intolerance may be experienced by workers using fall arrest systems

Emergency Response Team will be trained in CPR / first aid / Fire safety/ spill Response/ High angle rescue

Title: Site Project Manager Title: Safety and Human

Name Mr/ Mrs:XXXXX Resource Manger

24 hr Contact # Name Mr/ Mrs:XXXXX

24 hr Contact #

Title: Safety and Human Title: Site Project Manager Resource Manger Name Mr/ Mrs:XXXXX Name Mr/ Mrs:XXXXX 24 hr Contact # 24 hr Contact #

First Aid & Fire Fighting Team

Name Mr/ Mrs:XXXXX

24 hr Contact #

6.4 .1 MINOR INJURIES

If a minor medical incident occurs (Small cuts, abrasions, etc.) personnel should:  Perform first aid, as necessary; and  Consult the accident/injury reporting procedure to report  In the event of an accident on a ladder or between two platforms, use the emergency descent device to lower a person to the nearest platform.  Sulzon Workers must ensure that platforms and other wind turbine parts are dismantled if the doctor/rescue personnel consider this to be necessary.  The correct rescue equipment must be used to horizontally evacuate M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 91

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severely injured persons. Efforts must also be made to ensure that the person is lying horizontally or as directed by the doctor/rescue personnel.  Evacuation instructions must be made for each site and be tested and evaluated once every two years.

6.4.2 MAJOR INJURIES

If a medical emergency exists, including the need for hospitalization or emergency services, personnel Should: When the Emergency has been identified:

 The Project Manager/Site in charge /Health and Safety Representative will take control of the situation and call for help nearby tie up hospital to do so, Cell Phones or a phone at the site office can be used.  The certified first aider will perform first aid  A horn (Alarm) will be made available on the site to alert all workers that another worker is in danger. For this project 15 second sound -5 second gap total 3 time ( 15+5+15+5+15+5= 1 Min) second long blasts shall indicate that a worker is in danger. There is an air horn located at the site office trailer and a vehicle/equipment horn would also be adequate.  All workers who are not a part of the rescue operation will gather at a pre-arranged location so as not to interfere with rescue  Once the worker has been removed from danger using emergency equipment available, the worker will be brought to the pre-arranged emergency pick-up location.  The accident site is to be secured as much as possible without interfering with rescue and safety of other workers.  The Project Manager and Health and Safety Manager must be notified of the accident as soon as possible.  The Project Manager/ Site in charge or someone appointed by him/her will accompany the injured worker to the hospital and make all necessary telephone calls and other arrangements as required. If applicable, they will coordinate with the local police and Senior Management who will notify next-of-kin.  In case of the critical injury, all or some of the officials are also involved in the investigation of the accidents such as Police, Ministry of Labour, Health and safety committee, and safety Representatives from

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government bodies.

6.4.3 DEBRIS SEPARATION

In case of debris separation: 1. For emergency-stop, LOTO system is use. 2. Immediately exit the turbine, and establish a temporary clearance area, if appropriate. 3. Move upwind outside the clearance area, or seek shelter, if appropriate. 4. Notify site office who can contact local emergency responders if assistance is required to address the situation.

6.4.4 RUNAWAY

In case of a runaway:

1. Push the emergency stop button. If it is physically safe to do so and it will not delay your exit from the turbine, disconnect the turbine at the main high voltage circuit breaker. Personnel outside the turbine should not approach the turbine to push the emergency stop button. 2. Immediately exit the turbine, and establish a temporary clearance area, if appropriate.

3. Move upwind outside the clearance area, or seek shelter, if appropriate. 5. Notify site office who can contact local emergency responders if assistance is required to address the situation.

6.4.5 FIRE

Fire in the wind turbine must be immediately reported to the operating control room and to the relevant rescue services. Fight the fire if possible, but follow the „rescue persons rather than equipment‟ principle. Activate the wind turbine‟s emergency stop button In the event of lowering during a fire, beware of the risk of objects falling from the wind turbine.

6.5 OTHER EMERGENCIES

6.5.1 BOMB THREAT

1. Keep caller on the line and record call (if allowed by your local laws), if M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 93

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possible. 2. Notify the site office and evacuate the area. 3. Call local law enforcement or emergency dispatch, if appropriate. 4. Notify the customer, if appropriate.

6.5.2 CIVIL DISTURBANCE

1. Be courteous and do not provoke person or crowd. 2. Notify the site office and evacuate the area, if appropriate. 3. Call local law enforcement or emergency dispatch, if appropriate. 4. Notify the customer.

6.5.3 STORM AND CYCLONIC HAZARDS

The coastal region is known for frequent cyclonic storms. The project site falls near the coast which is often hit by cyclonic winds & rains particularly during pre-monsoon low pressures and during the monsoon.

Turbine blades are designed to work upto 25 m/s wind speed attained during the torm period. These mills will stop automatically if wind speed is higher than 25 m/s. Company shall check and ensure that such systems are working during the storm and cyclone period.

6.5.4 SEISMIC HAZARD

Proposed project falls under the seismic zone-III (Moderate damage risk zone). Appropriate precautions/factor shall be considered during design stage of wind turbines. There is no area susceptible to natural hazard near the project site which may lead any environmental problems. Accordingly, this seismic hazard has been taken into account in the design of the turbine foundations to prevent tower failure in the event of such shocks. Therefore, storm and seismic hazards will have no impact on proposed project.

6.6 OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CONTROL OF DISASTER

In the event of massive spillage of fuel oil or occurrence of fire, population inside and outside plant boundaries, vegetation and animal etc. may be affected. In such circumstances secondary fire may also take place. In such an event help shall be taken from outside agencies also. The organizations that shall be involved are as follows:

• State and local authorities District Collector, Revenue Divisional Officer, etc.

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• Factory Inspectorate, Chief Inspector of factories, Joint chief Inspector of factories, Inspector of factories.

• Environmental agencies: Member Secretary of State Pollution Control Boards, District Environmental Engineering.

• Fire Department: District Fire Officer.

• Police Department: District Superintendent of Police, SHOS of nearby Police Stations.

• Public health Department

• District Medical Officer

• Residential medical officers of PHCs in a radius of 3 km around plant site.

• Local community Resources

- Regional Transport officer

• Divisional Engineer Telephones.

The outside organizations shall directly interact with district magistrate who in consultation with SMC shall direct to interact with plant authorities to control the emergencies The address and important contact numbers of the external agencies are given in following table.

Table 6.2 Addresses and Phone numbers of External Agencies

Sr. Details Contacts

No.

1 Fire station

Fire Station, Malvan 02365-252934

Hospitals

Sarita Hospital at Devgad (1.4 km) 02364-261365

2 District Civil Hospital (Oros) 02362-228900

Rural Hospital (Government Hospital) (2.0 02364-262253

Km )

Rural Hospital (RH) Oros 02362-228566

Indian Red Cross 02362-222105

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Spanadan Hospital (1.5km) 02364-261365

3 Blood Bank , Oros 02362-228566

4 Police station

Devagd Police Station (1.35km) 02364-262333

SP Office (Oros) 02362-228200

5 Ambulance services

Life line Foundation 02364-262830

Ambulance 9420305335

Sub division forest office , kankawali 02367-232092

6. Collector Office (Oros) 02362-228844

7. Snake Catcher(Nilesh Kanerkar) 9403938470

Direct Doctor Contact in Emergency

Sr. Doctor and Hospital Name Phone Number No.

1. For Any Emergency 02364-262230/262830 Dr. Suneel Athawale

Devgad Medical Foundation Day Care

Centre

2. Dr. Nagavekar 02367-231168 Local Hospital Burn Care, Kankavali

3. Dr. Vivek Revadekar 02367-220658 Local Hospital Cardiac Care, Kankavali

4. Dr. Sameer Navare 02367-232283 Local Hospital Orthopedic, Kankavali

5. Dr. Nilesh Pakali 02367-233368 Local Hospital Multispeciality , Kankavali

6.7 HAZARD EMERGENCY CONTROL PROCEDURE

The onset of emergency will in all probability, commence with a major fire or explosion, the following activities will immediately take place to interpret and take control of emergency.

Staff member on duty will go to nearest fire alarm call point and trigger the fire alarm.

• On site fire crew led by fireman will arrive at the site of incident with fire foam tenders and necessary equipment‟s.

• Site main controller will arrive at SECR, from where he will receive

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information continuously form incident controller and give decisions and direction to the incident controller, plant control room. Emergency security controllers and to the site medical officer to take care of casualties.

• Site Main Controller will be directing and deciding a wide range of following desperate issues. In particular SMC has to decide and direct.

• Whether incident controller requires reinforcement of manpower and facilities.

• Whether plant is to be shut down or more importantly kept running.

• Whether staff in different locations is to remain indoor or to be evacuated and assembled at designated collection center.

• Whether missing staff members are to be reported and a message to that effect is to be sent to district headquarter.

• When the incident has eventually been brought under control as declared by the incident Controller, the SMC shall send two members of his advisory team as inspectors to incident site for:

• An assessment of total damage and prevailing conditions with particular attention to possibility of re-escalation of emergency which might, for the time being, is under control.

• Inspection of other parts of site, which might have been affected by impact of incident.

• Inspection of personnel collection and roll call centers to check if all persons on duty have been accounted for.

• Inspection of all control rooms of plant to assess and record the status of respective plants and any residual action deemed necessary. Post emergency, the inspectors will return to SECR with their observations and report of finding and will submit the same to SMC.

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CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION

Wind has a lot of potential in it and if properly harnessed then it can help solve the energy crises in the world. The study of wind turbine and its characteristics showed that how it can be properly designed and used to get the maximum output. The power electronic circuitries have helped the concept of wind power a lot. Without them this concept would have been too expensive and far fetched. The project will not cause any significant, lasting environmental and social impacts. The environmental disturbance normally associated with construction activities will be minimized through an EMP, implementation of which will continue during project operation and which includes monitoring arrangements.

The main benefit of the Project will be the replacement of conventional power generation with renewable energy. Wind energy will replace fossil fuel- powered energy generation (Primarily from coal), therefore resulting in a reduction of suspended particulate matter and greenhouse gases emissions (Primarily carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides) in the atmosphere.

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ANNEXURE I

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE EXISTING WIND MILL

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ANNEXURE -II

WIND ROSE OF DEVGAD

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MEAN AIR DENSITY, POWER LAW INDEX

AT C-WET WIND MAST LOCATION AT DEOGAD, MAHARASHTRA

Month Mean Air Density Power Law At The Surface Index (gm/cu.m.) *

January 1168 0.24

February 1163 0.12

March 1155 0.12

April 1145 0.08

May 1138 0.07

June 1147 0.10

July 1149 0.10

August 1152 0.12

September 1153 0.18

October 1151 0.16

November 1156 0.12

December 1162 0.15

Annual 1153 0.11

Note : Based on data Jan 1987 - Dec 1991.

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M/s. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. Page 103

Date: 12.10.2017

To,

Shri W.Bharat Singh Joint Director/Scientist D, Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Jor Bag Road, New Delhi- 110003

Sub: Regarding CRZ clearance for setting up 10 MW wind farm by dismantling & removal of existing 1.1 MW wind farm at Devgad, Dist. Sindhudurg, Maharashtra- CRZ Clearance

Ref: MoEF letter. No. 11-43/2015-IA.III dated 25th August 2017

Respected Sir,

We are in receipt of above mentioned letter on 21.09.2017 wherein it has been directed to submit certain documents. Accordingly, necessary documents are enclosed herewith as per the details given below:-

S. Documents sought Remarks No. by MoEF&CC 1. EIA Report and Social Renewable energy/Green Energy Project does not require Impact Assessment EIA and social impact Assessment report as per EIA Report notification 2006. However Rapid EIA is attached as per CRZ 2011 notification. 2. CRZ Map covering 7 The same is attached. km radius 3. Clear cut The proposal was included before MCZMA 95th meeting recommendation held on dated 13th January 2015 and recommended for the from MCZMA same (minutes attached), however since as per the amended CRZ notification dated 28th November 2014, the activities which are not covered under EIA notification, 2006, are to be dealt at State level for CRZ clearance. Therefore MCZMA recommended the proposal and forwarded it to SEIAA. As per Para 4 (ii) (h) of CRZ Notification 2011,facilities for generating power by Non- Conventional Energy Resources shall require clearance from MoEF & CC .Therefore SEIAA forwarded the proposal to MoEF &CC for further necessary action in the matter(letter attached).

2. Considering the facts available in the file the matter was placed before the 157thEAC Meeting held on 29.03.2016 and the same has been recommended by EAC for CRZ Clearance. It is well known fact that this is green energy project with significant contribution in carbon sequestration and climate change. 3. In view of the above facts, green energy project and merit of the proposal, we request your good self to kindly expedite the process and issue the CRZ Clearance.

Thanking You,

Yours faithfully,

Chief Engineer (Commercial) For Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Ltd. Authorized Signatory

Enclosed: 1. EIA Report 2. CRZ map covering 7 km radius 3. Recommendation from MCZMA