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I. the Eastern Visayas Region

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I. the Eastern Visayas Region I. The Eastern Visayas Region A. Location Eastern Visayas is one of three regions situated in the middle of the Philippines and serves to link the islands of Luzon and Mindanao through the National Maharlika Highway that runs through it. It is bound by the Surigao Channel and the island of Mindanao on the south; by the San Bernardino Strait and the tip of the Bicol Peninsula on the north; the Maqueda Bay, Camotes and Visayan Seas, and the islands of Cebu and Bohol on the west; and the Leyte Gulf, the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean on the east.1 B. Total Land Area Comprised of the large islands of Leyte, Samar and Biliran, as well as a number of smaller ones, the region has a total land area of 2,156,285 hectares (ha), accounting for 7.1% of the whole country. Samar Island, the third biggest island in the country, the second biggest in the Visayas, and the biggest in the region, measures 1,355,935 ha or 63% of the whole region. It is where three of the region’s six provinces, namely, Samar, Eastern Samar, and Northern Samar, are located. Meanwhile, the island of Leyte, on which are located the Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces, measures 744,760 ha or 35% of the region. Biliran island, a province on its own, is 55,550 ha big (Table 1). Table 1. Land Classification by Province (in '000 ha). Alienable and Forest Lands Total Province Disposable Area % Area % Area % Biliran 18 2.14 37 2.81 55 2.55 Leyte 293 34.84 278 21.14 571 26.48 So. Leyte 42 4.99 131 9.96 173 8.02 Samar 173 20.57 274 20.84 447 20.73 E. Samar 170 20.21 389 29.58 559 25.93 N. Samar 145 17.24 206 15.67 351 16.28 Total 841 100.00 1315 100.00 2156 100.00 Source: RPFP - Eastern Visayas, 2004, as quoted in DA RFU8. 2009, as previously cited. C. Topography and Climate The islands of Samar, Leyte and Biliran are characterized by flat lands near and along the coasts and mountains and hills in the interior. It has Types A and C climates, both of which are defined by wet or rainy weather in most of the year, with the former having around 10 months of rain and the latter with around seven months. Both climates are ideal for agricultural production. 11 Unless otherwise specified, data in this section are taken from DA RFU 8. 2009. Agriculture and Fisheries Situation in Eastern Visayas. Unpublished. A majority (61%) of the region’s lands is forest land and the rest is alienable and disposable. Of the region’s provinces, Leyte has the biggest alienable and disposable lands while Samar has the biggest forest lands. More than a third (39%) of the region’s land has a slope of 0%-18%, these areas being described as from level to rolling. Meanwhile, a majority (51%) has slopes ranging from 18% to 50%. The rest has slopes in excess of 50% and is protected forest lands. D. Land Use Eastern Visayas is an agricultural area. Forty-five percent (45%) or 976,415 ha of its total land area is devoted to agriculture. Twenty-eight percent (28%) is forest lands, 25% is grasslands and the rest is used for other purposes. Of its agricultural lands, 70% is planted to coconut and 20% is planted to rice and corn. The rest is planted to other crops, used to raise livestock and poultry, or produce inland fishery products (Table 2). Table 2. Existing Land Use. Eastern Visayas Region (In hectares) Land Use Biliran Leyte So. Leyte Samar E. Samar N. Samar Total % A. Agricultural Areas 27230 332018 90673 154906 170995 200563 976385 45.3 Rice 6408 84277 8891 24660 26737 34988 185961 Corn 239 6950 75 2186 542 148 10140 Rootcrops 473 2284 88 1042 1710 348 5945 Vegetables 325 12 38 85 188 648 Fruit Trees/Banana 615 1765 1043 16 679 135 4253 Sugarcane 19722 140 19862 Coconut 18729 203017 71766 118858 140212 132882 685464 Abaca 3912 8378 4516 695 30482 47983 Pastureland 613 3563 119 40 260 580 5175 Fishpond 153 6203 161 3550 75 812 10954 B. Forest Area 5427 59450 26275 263559 143096 111518 609325 28.3 C. Grasslands 22235 165555 52562 137767 128872 34435 541426 25.1 D. Miscellaneous 658 14257 3970 2868 4112 3284 29149 1.4 Total 55550 571280 173480 559100 447075 349800 2156285 100.0 Source: Bureau of Soils and Water Management.(1992) E. Socio-Demographic Profile 1. Population The population of Eastern Visayas in 2007 totaled 3,912,936 and increased by 1.1% per annum (p.a.) over the period 2000-2007. It increased by 1.5% p.a. in the 1990s and by 0.9% p.a. in the 1980s. Of its provinces, Leyte is the most populous, accounting for 44.1% of its total in 2000. Samar is the second most populous with 17.8% of its 2000 population while Eastern Samar is the third most populous with 10.5% of its population in the same year (Table 3). Table 3. Population and Average Annual Rate of Increase by Province, (Census Years 1980, 1990, 2000). Ave. Annual Rate of Population (000) % of Increase (%)* Area Total* 1980 1990 2000 2007 80-90 90-00 00-07 Philippines 48,098 60,703 76,499 88,574 2.35 2.36 2.04 Region VIII 2,800 3,054 3,610 3,913 4.4 0.88 1.51 1.20 Leyte 1,191 1,368 1,592 44.1 1.39 1.13 Biliran 111 118 140 3.89 0.58 1.28 So. Leyte 296 322 360 9.98 0.83 2.73 Samar 501 534 641 17.76 0.63 1.82 E. Samar 321 329 376 10.46 0.27 0.79 N. Samar 379 384 501 13.87 0.13 2.11 *Percentages for provinces pertain to 2000 data. Sources: For data for 1980, 1990, and 2000, RPFP: Eastern Visayas. 2004. as cited by DA RFU 8. 2009. as previously cited; and for 2009, Authors, based on NSCB data. Eastern Visayas is relatively less densely populated than the whole country, having a population density of 168 persons per square kilometer (km2) in 2000, 92 persons/km2 less than the country’s density then. Of its provinces, Leyte is the most densely populated, followed by Biliran and Southern Leyte. By far, the least densely populated of its provinces is Eastern Samar, whose population density in 2000 totaled 87 persons/km2 (Table 4). Table 4. Population by Province. (Census Years 1980, 1990, 2000) Density (Persons/sq. Area Land Area (Has) km.) 1980 1990 2000 Philippines 30,000,000 163 206 260 Region VIII 2,156,000 130 142 168 Leyte 651,000 208 239 279 Biliran 52,000 200 212 252 So. Leyte 185,000 170 186 208 Samar 521,000 90 96 115 E. Samar 443,000 74 76 87 N. Samar 344,000 108 110 130 Source: RPFP-Eastern Visayas. 2004. 2. Income and Expenditure The average family in Eastern Visayas has consistently earned and spent less than the national average. In 2003, the region’s average annual family income was Php103,000, the fourth lowest in the country and 30.4% lower than the national average. Its average annual family expenditure, on the other hand, was Php84,000, also fourth lowest nationwide and 32.3% lower than the national average. Its average annual family disposable income then was Php19,000. This was the 7th highest in the country, thereby proving the thrift of the region’s people, and 20.8% lower than the national average. In 2006, the region’s average family income in a year increased substantially relative to other regions, amounting to Php125,731, the 7th lowest among the regions, although still lower than the national average by 27.2%. Its annual average family expenditure also increased substantially, totaling Php104,070, the 6th lowest nationwide, and 29.3% lower than the national norm. Its annual family disposable income, meanwhile, amounted to Php19,000, the 8th highest in the country (Table 5). Table 5. Average Family Income and Expenditure by Region, 2003 & 2006, in Php. 2003 2006 Region Ave. Ave. Disposable Ave. Disposable Ave. Income Income Expenditure Income Expenditure Income PHILIPPINES 148,000 124,000 24,000 172,730 147,180 25,550 BCR 266,000 218,000 48,000 310,860 257,930 52,930 CAR 152,000 126,000 26,000 192,126 150,508 41,618 Region I 124,000 102,000 22,000 142,358 123,502 18,856 Region II 126,000 99,000 27,000 142,770 117,889 24,881 Region III 160,000 138,000 22,000 197,640 170,347 27,293 Region IV-A 184,000 158,000 26,000 209,749 186,287 23,462 Region IV-B 103,000 84,000 19,000 108,946 92,999 15,947 Region V 109,000 94,000 15,000 125,184 110,498 14,686 Region VI 111,000 98,000 13,000 129,905 115,946 13,959 Region VII 121,000 102,000 19,000 144,288 123,618 20,670 Region VIII 103,000 84,000 19,000 125,731 104,070 21,661 Region IX 93,000 75,000 18,000 125,445 98,675 26,770 Region X 109,000 91,000 18,000 141,773 116,667 25,106 Region XI 117,000 100,000 17,000 134,605 115,125 19,480 Region XII 113,000 85,000 28,000 113,919 95,836 18,083 Caraga 90,000 78,000 12,000 118,146 99,949 18,197 ARMM 83,000 67,000 16,000 88,632 74,838 13,794 Source of basic data: NSCB.
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