IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 2015-2016
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IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 2015-2016 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 1 Table of contents 4 President’s welcome 6 Media and broadcast contacts 7 About the sport 11 Looking ahead to 2015-16 13 Competition calendar 2015-16 14 Accreditation for competitions 16 Classification explained 18 Ones to Watch 62 Vital statistics 68 Participation 70 Medals tables 72 Sochi 2014 Paralympic medallists 80 World Championships medallists 88 World Cup standings 90 National Paralympic Committee contacts 92 Officials 92 Anti-doping 2 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 3 President’s welcome Russia, Germany and Finland. Once again the biggest names in the sports will go head-to-head on some of the best trail systems in the world. Most importantly the first Asian Cup will take place in PyeongChang, South Korea, as the sports expand in the region ahead of the 2018 Paralympic Winter Games. This will help raise the profile of those athletes who have entered into the World Cup top 10 for the first time in recent seasons, in their own territory. In addition, the World Cup programme is Dear media representative, being expanded and will include a mara- thon for the first time. With this, the sport Welcome to the Media Guide for the is once again aiming to expand its appeal 2015-16 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country as well as responding to the wishes of the Skiing season. athlete community for yet more challen- ging races. After the success of the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games and the 2015 Cross-country skiing and biathlon has ex- World Championships, both of which perienced an upturn in interest in recent raised the bar in many areas for the sport, seasons and I hope that with the geo- the half-way point in the Paralympic cycle graphical expansion and their constantly is upon us. increasing competitiveness, the sports can continue to count on valuable column What the Worlds in Cable, Wisconsin, inches. USA, showed us is that the intense inter- est in para-cross country skiing and para- I hope you find the Media Guide useful, biathlon was carried over from Sochi and we would be interested in your feed- 2014. There was great media cover- back about what information we can in- age of the event, nationally and locally, clude in subsequent editions. and it was the most successful World Champion ships in history in media and Thank you for your support, viewership terms. Regards This season, the sports are aiming to con- tinue that interest and expand into new areas. Six World Cups, three each in cross- Sir Philip Craven MBE country and biathlon, will take place in IPC President 4 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 5 Media and broadcast contacts About the sport Lucy Dominy IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing homologation parameters (maximum IPC Sports Public Relations and Campaigns Manager governs and oversees competitions for slope, maximum climb and total climb, Telephone: +49 228 2097-159 para-athletes around the world. downhills and corners). Between skiing Email: [email protected] laps athletes enter the shooting range Competitions are open to male and fe- and have five shots to hit five targets male athletes with physical and visual which are located at a range distance of Eva Werthmann impairments. 10m. IPC Media Operations Manager Telephone: +49 228 2097-143 Athletes with a physical impairment Sit-ski and standing athletes shoot using Email: [email protected] compete either in the sitting or standing a precision air rifle with a five shot clip classes. Whilst the sports continues to and have to hit a black metal drop-down grow, most athletes compete in both target with a diameter of 13mm. A suc- Jose Manuel-Dominguez biathlon and cross-country but earn sep- cessful hit turns the target white while IPC Broadcast Manager arate World Cup points by discipline. missed targets remain black. Athletes Telephone: +49 228 2097-104 with visual impairment use electronic Email: [email protected] Biathlon rifles with ear phones and aim at a 21mm Biathlon combines cross-country skiing diameter target using acoustic signals, and marksmanship on the shooting range. which increase in intensity when the ath- IPC Biathlon includes five different event lete is on target. When an athlete hits the formats, three of which are used at World target the colour of the target turns green Championships and Paralympic Winter while missed targets turn red. Games: If an athlete misses a target they have to Biathlon sprint: Uses a 2km course for ski a penalty loop or receive a time pen- women and a 2.5km course for men alty depending on the event. where competitors ski three laps with two shooting rounds for a total distance of For each missed target in the sprint and 6km and 7.5km. middle distance biathletes in the sit-ski class must ski a 100m penalty loop while Biathlon middle distance: Uses a 2km biathletes in the standing and visually im- and 2.5km course where skiers ski a total paired classes must ski a 150m penalty of five laps with four shooting rounds for a loop. In the individual event each miss is total race distance of 10km and 12.5km. penalised by a one minute penalty which is added to the biathlete’s total race time. Biathlon individual: Uses a 2.5km and 3.0km course where skiers ski a total of In each biathlon competition athletes five laps with four shooting rounds for a start at intervals of 30 seconds and the total race distance of 12.5km and 15km. athlete with the fastest total race time wins the competition. The most important All biathlon events are skied using free success factor lies in the capability of al- technique. Sit-skiers compete on differ- ternating the skills of physical endurance ent courses than the standing and visually and shooting accuracy with an elevated impaired athletes due to different heart rate during the competition. 6 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing Media Guide 7 Cross-country skiing Cross-country relay: Combines a 2.5km Skis, boots and poles consist of commer- History Cross-country skiing competition involves sit-ski course for classical technique and cially available cross-country ski equip- competition over a set course distance a 2.5km standing course for free tech- ment and are made from lightweight ma- Cross-country skiing first appeared at using either classical or free technique. nique. Relay teams consist of two, three terials such as fiberglass or carbon fibre. the 1976 inaugural Paralympic Winter The technique used alternates between or four athletes and must ski two classical Games in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Men and major events and is balanced over the and two free technique laps in alterna- Different skis are used for classical tech- women used the classical technique in all World Cup season. tion. Teams may be mixed gender and nique and free technique. Classical skis cross-country distances until skating was may include a mixture of sit-ski, standing are typically longer than free technique introduced by athletes at the Innsbruck IPC Cross-country skiing includes five and visually impaired classes. The make- (skate) skis. They have an cambered 1984 Paralympic Winter Games. Since different event formats, four of which up of the team is governed by a maximum (arched) mid-section (wax pocket) that then, events have been split into two sep- are used at World Championships and percentage cap where the applicable allows for the application of grip wax that arate races: classical and free technique. Paralympic Winter Games: percentages for each athlete are added flattens and contacts the snow during The new technique, however, was not of- together. There are two relay events de- the downward push phase allowing the ficially used in a medal race until 1992 in Cross-country sprint: Uses an 800m signed to enable a maximum number of skier to propel forward. During the glide Albertville, France. course for sit-skiers and a 1.4km course athletes and countries with less than four phase the wax pocket raises above the for standing athletes. Athletes compete in athletes to compete. The mixed relay has snow allowing the skier to glide forward The Lillehammer 1994 Paralympic Winter an interval start qualification round where a cap of 330 per cent while the open relay on the glide wax applied to the tip and Games marked several other milestones they ski one lap. The fastest athletes has a cap of 370 per cent. the tail of the ski. Classic skiing occurs in in the history of Paralympic Nordic ski- subsequently compete head-to-head set tracks around the course and skating ing. Biathlon was introduced as a medal in semi-final heats of up to six athletes Equipment techniques are not allowed. event for men and women, and for the with the top three athletes in each heat Sit-ski: Sitting athletes use a sit-ski first time Nordic skiers competed at the moving on to the final heats. Due to the consisting of a custom lightweight seat Free technique skis are about 10cm to 15 same venue used for the Olympic Winter difference in impairments between ath- and frame attached to a pair of cross- cm shorter than classic skis which pro- Games. letes the heats use a staggered hunting country skis and use ski poles for pro- vide for greater manoeuvrability.