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Lesson Title: Kirishitan Class and Grade level(s): East Asia Studies ( 9-12) Goals and Objectives The student will be able to: identify and recount the story of the Christian community in Japan from its inception to its destruction by the Tokugawa. Time required/class periods needed- 1 Primary source bibliography THE KAKURE KIRISHITAN OF JAPAN by Stephen Turnbull Kirishitan bunko; a manual of books and documents on the early Christian missions in Japan.by John Laures Other resources used http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/319166/Kirishitan http://www.stutler.cc/russ/kirishitan.html http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/religion/re0452.html http://www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/faith.html NOT LIVE http://pweb.sophia.ac.jp/~d-mccoy/xavier/downes/downes01.html NOT LIVE Required materials/supplies PowerPoint on Kirishitan Vocabulary Kakure Kirishitan- Japanese Christians, practically exterminated in the 1600’s Jesuits- a holy order of the Roman Catholic Church Fumi-e- pictures of Christ and the Virgin Mary, used by the Tokugawa to determine Christians Proselytizing- spreading a religion through missionaries Papal bull- a proclamation by the Pope in Rome Diocese- an administrative territory of the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese established in Japan was in Nagasaki Schism- a division within a church Procurator- a trader in charge of the activity of a port Daimyo- a Japanese feudal lord Martyr- a person executed because of a belief Procedure Show the PowerPoint “Kirishitan” Assessment/evaluation Questions to discuss/short answer: 1. Were the Jesuits out of line in their actions in Japan? 2. Was the shogun wise in stomping out Christianity in Japan? 3. Does a religion pose a threat to a culture? .

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The Jesuit Mission and Jihi No Kumi (Confraria De Misericórdia)
The Jesuit Mission and Jihi no Kumi (Confraria de Misericórdia) Takashi GONOI Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo Introduction During the 80-year period starting when the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier and his party arrived in Kagoshima in August of 1549 and propagated their Christian teachings until the early 1630s, it is estimated that a total of 760,000 Japanese converted to Chris- tianity. Followers of Christianity were called “kirishitan” in Japanese from the Portu- guese christão. As of January 1614, when the Tokugawa shogunate enacted its prohibi- tion of the religion, kirishitan are estimated to have been 370,000. This corresponds to 2.2% of the estimated population of 17 million of the time (the number of Christians in Japan today is estimated at around 1.1 million with Roman Catholics and Protestants combined, amounting to 0.9% of total population of 127 million). In November 1614, 99 missionaries were expelled from Japan. This was about two-thirds of the total number in the country. The 45 missionaries who stayed behind in hiding engaged in religious in- struction of the remaining kirishitan. The small number of missionaries was assisted by brotherhoods and sodalities, which acted in the missionaries’ place to provide care and guidance to the various kirishitan communities in different parts of Japan. During the two and a half centuries of harsh prohibition of Christianity, the confraria (“brother- hood”, translated as “kumi” in Japanese) played a major role in maintaining the faith of the hidden kirishitan. An overview of the state of the kirishitan faith in premodern Japan will be given in terms of the process of formation of that faith, its actual condition, and the activities of the confraria.
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