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Труды По Иудаике Transactions on Jewish ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ИУДАИКИ ST. PETERSBURG INSTITUTE OF JEWISH STUDIES ТРУДЫ ПО ИУДАИКЕ ИСТОРИЯ И ЭТНОГРАФИЯ Выпуск 14 TRANSACTIONS ON JEWISH STUDIES HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHY Issue 14 JEWS OF EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST: CULTURE AND HISTORY, LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE International Academic Conference Proceedings April 22, 2018 St. Petersburg 2018 ЕВРЕИ ЕВРОПЫ И БЛИЖНЕГО ВОСТОКА: КУЛЬТУРА И ИСТОРИЯ, ЯЗЫКИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА Материалы международной научной конференции 22 апреля 2018 г. Санкт-Петербург 2018 УДК [80/81+94](063)(4/5)(=411.16) ББК 63.521(611.215)-7я431 Е22 Издано при поддержке Регионального еврейского конгресса в Санкт-Петербурге Ответственные редакторы М. О. Мельцин, С. Г. Парижский Редакционная коллегия: Д. А. Эльяшевич (председатель), А. А. Кобринский, М. О. Мельцин, Н. С. Смелова, Е. М. Родионова, А. Л. Львов Евреи Европы и Ближнего Востока: культура и история, Е22 языки и литература, : Материалы международной научной конференции 22 апреля 2018 г. / отв. ред. М. О. Мельцин, С. Г. Парижский; Петербургский ин-т иудаики. – Санкт-Пе- тербург: Издательский дом «Алеф-Пресс» 2018. – 305 с.: ил. – (Труды по иудаике. Сер. «История и этнография». Вып. 14). ISBN 978-5-905966-84-2 В сборник вошли материалы Международной научной конференции «Ев- реи Европы и Ближнего Востока: культура и история, языки и литература», проходившей в Петербургском институте иудаики 22 апреля 2018 г. На кон- ференции обсуждались актуальные вопросы современной иудаики. Тематика докладов, представленных участниками конференции, охватывает различные сферы политической, экономической и культурной жизни еврейского народа. Материалы сборника адресованы научным работникам, преподавателям и сту- дентам, а также могут представлять интерес для широкого круга читателей. УДК [80/81+94](063)(4/5)(=411.16) ББК 63.521(611.215)-7я431 © Авторы статей, 2018 © АНО ВПО «Петербургский ISBN 978-5-905966-84-2 институт иудаики», 2018 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ .....................................................................................................................................8 ВОПРОСЫ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ ЕВРЕЕВ В РОССИИ 9 А. С. Манойленко (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) Ю. Е. Манойленко (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) «СЕКРЕТНАЯ ИНСТРУКЦИЯ ГЕНЕРАЛ-ГУБЕРНАТОРАМ О ЕВРЕЯХ» 1850 г. (НОВЫЙ ИСТОЧНИК ПО ИСТОРИИ ИНСТИТУТА «УЧЕНЫХ ЕВРЕЕВ» ПРИ ГЕНЕРАЛ-ГУБЕРНАТОРАХ) ................................................ 10 Ю. В. Прокоп (г. Одесса, Украина) АНТИСЕМИТИЗМ НА ЮГЕ УКРАИНЫ В XIX в. ............................................................... 16 П. В. Лизунов (г. Северодвинск, Российская Федерация) БАНКИРСКИЙ ДОМ «Г. ВАВЕЛЬБЕРГ» В ВАРШАВЕ И САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГЕ ..................................................................................... 33 Д. С. Лавринович (г. Могилев, Республика Беларусь) ЕВРЕИ В КОНСТИТУЦИОННО-ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРТИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ БЕЛОРУССКО-ЛИТОВСКИХ ГУБЕРНИЙ В 1905–1907 гг. ............................................................................................................................................... 41 О. Б. Вахромеева (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) БЕСТУЖЕВКИ СЕСТРЫ ПОЗНЕР В НАУКЕ И РЕВОЛЮЦИОННОЙ БОРЬБЕ .......................................................................... 47 М. А. Златина (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) О ПРОБЛЕМАХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЦИРКУЛЯРА КН. Н. Б. ЩЕРБАТОВА О РАЗРЕШЕНИИ ЕВРЕЯМ ПРОЖИВАТЬ ВНЕ ЧЕРТЫ ОСЕДЛОСТИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ г. КИЕВА (АВГУСТ – СЕНТЯБРЬ 1915 г.) ................................................ 54 М. Ю. Крапивин (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЕ ОТДЕЛЕНИЕ СЕКРЕТНОГО ОТДЕЛА ВЧК–ГПУ–ОГПУ (РАБОТА ПО СИОНИСТАМ): ИСТОРИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ, ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ШТАТНАЯ СТРУКТУРА, РУКОВОДЯЩИЙ СОСТАВ (1919–1934 гг.) ........................................................................................................................................ 61 И. В. Масюкова (г. Москва, Российская Федерация) ЕВРЕИ И ВЛАСТЬ В СССР: ПРОБЛЕМА ЭМИГРАЦИИ (НА РУБЕЖЕ 1960-х – 1970-х гг.).................................................................................................. 78 Содержание 6 ИСТОРИЯ ЕВРЕЙСКИХ ОБЩИН 86 Е. В. Гусарова (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) ИУДЕИ ФАЛАША В ЭФИОПИИ В КОНЦЕ XVIII в. ......................................................... 87 К. Г. Карпекин (г. Витебск, Республика Беларусь) СИНАГОГИ И ЕВРЕЙСКИЕ МОЛИТВЕННЫЕ ШКОЛЫ ВИТЕБСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX в. ...................................... 92 И. В. Сахаров (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) АРХИВНЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ЕВРЕЯХ, ПРОЖИВАВШИХ В РЫБИНСКЕ В 1911 г., И СВЕДЕНИЯ О ЛИЦАХ, ПОХОРОНЕННЫХ НА МЕСТНОМ ЕВРЕЙСКОМ КЛАДБИЩЕ ............................ 102 А. И. Хаеш (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) КРАТКАЯ ОККУПАЦИЯ ЛИТВЫ ГЕРМАНЦАМИ В 1914 г. ........................................ 108 А. С. Касяновская (г. Гродно, Республика Беларусь) МЕСТЕЧКИ ЗАПАДНОЙ БЕЛАРУСИ (1921–1939 гг.): К ВОПРОСУ О КОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ ................................ 116 И. И. Вавренюк (г. Брест, Республика Беларусь) ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ БЕЗРАБОТИЦА В ЗАПАДНОЙ БЕЛАРУСИ (1921–1939) ................ 123 Е. А. Якимова (г. Москва, Российская Федерация) ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ЛАТВИЙСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ В ОТНОШЕНИИ ЕВРЕЙСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ (1990–2017 гг.) ................................ 129 НАУКА И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ 135 Е. В. Хаздан (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) ЦИТИРОВАНИЯ, ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЯ, ССЫЛКИ: К ВОПРОСУ О ТРАДИЦИЯХ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЕВРЕЙСКОЙ КАНТИЛЛЯЦИИ .... 136 Е. Г. Певзнер (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) БИБЛИОТЕКИ ОБЩЕСТВА ВЗАИМНОГО ВСПОМОЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ ПРИКАЗЧИКОВ-ЕВРЕЕВ ГОРОДА ОДЕССЫ И ОДЕССКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ОПЕ В КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ЖИЗНИ ЕВРЕЕВ ОДЕССЫ ........................................................ 146 Е. А. Смирнова (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) ПРИЕМ ЛИЦ ИУДЕЙСКОГО ВЕРОИСПОВЕДАНИЯ В ВУЗЫ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА В 1907–1914 гг. .................................................................. 155 И. А. Лапина (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) СОЛОМОН ЗАХАРОВИЧ КАЦЕНБОГЕН: В АВАНГАРДЕ КУЛЬТУРНОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ ................................................................... 160 7 Содержание В. В. Левченко (г. Одесса, Украина) КОЛЛИЗИИ САУЛА БОРОВОГО ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ НАУЧНЫХ ЗВАНИЙ И СТЕПЕНЕЙ ...................................................................................................................................... 176 М. В. Михайлюк (г. Киев, Украина) ХОЛОКОСТ В УКРАИНЕ: ОБЗОР ДИССЕРТАЦИОННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ...................................................... 184 РЕЛИГИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА 191 С. А. Французов (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) «ИУДЕО-МОНОТЕИЗМ» ХИМЙАРА В СВЕТЕ ПОСЛЕДНИХ ЭПИГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ОТКРЫТИЙ .......................................................................................... 192 S. Fishbane (New York City, USA) ESOTERIC HALAKHAH IN ABRAHAM DANZIG’S ḤAYYE ADAM ............................ 197 И. А. Мелешкина (г. Киев, Украина) ШОЛОМ-АЛЕЙХЕМ НА КИЕВСКОЙ ЕВРЕЙСКОЙ СЦЕНЕ ................................... 214 Т. М. Смирнова (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация) ЕВРЕЙСКИЕ КОЛЛЕКТИВЫ НА СЦЕНЕ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОГО ТЕАТРА ЭСТРАДЫ В 1960-е гг. ...................................................................................................................... 230 ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА И ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ 238 Е. В. Борисевич (г. Минск, Республика Беларусь) ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ДРЕВНЕЕВРЕЙСКИХ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ РЕАЛИЙ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ КНИГИ БЫТИЯ ИЗ ЦЕРКОВНОСЛАВЯНСКИХ И ПОЛЬСКИХ ИЗДАНИЙ XVI в. .............................................................................................. 239 Ю. М. Корниенко (г. Москва, Российская Федерация) СОЧЕТАЕМОСТЬ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ИВРИТА И СПОСОБЫ ЕЕ ОТРАЖЕНИЯ В СЛОВАРЯХ ................................................................. 245 А. В. Полонская (г. Иерусалим, Израиль) «ИСТОРИЯ ОБ ИНДЮКЕ». РЕБ НАХМАН, ШОЛОМ-АЛЕЙХЕМ И ФРАНЦ КАФКА: ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТЬ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ ИЛИ ВЗАИМОВЛИЯНИЕ? ................................................................. 250 С. А. Шпагин (г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация) АГНОН И ЕГО ГЕРОИ: ПОПЫТКА ДИАЛОГА................................................................... 261 Аннотации .............................................................................................................................................. 275 Summaries ................................................................................................................................................ 285 Коротко об авторах .............................................................................................................................. 294 Authors ..................................................................................................................................................... 297 Список основных сокращений ........................................................................................................ 300 Предисловие В 2018 г. Петербургский институт иудаики провел очередную еже- годную международную научную конференцию. Тематика докладов, представленных участниками конференции, охватывает различные сферы политической, экономической и культурной жизни еврейско- го народа. На конференции рассматривались разные аспекты истории еврейского народа в России, вопросы истории отдельных еврейских общин, проблемы языка и еврейской литературы. Интерес к конференциям, организованным Петербургским инсти- тутоминститутом иудаики, повышается с каждым годом, в частности, растет число зарубежных участников. Из
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