DOCSLIB.ORG

Intertidal Discovery Hike

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intertidal Discovery Hike CoastWatch Curriculum Intertidal Discovery Hike Objective: wide open - exploring every nook and cranny on To explore the beach and become familiar with the the beach, searching under rocks and beneath plants and animals in the marine intertidal habitat algae, and looking for plants and animals in every while collecting some basic observational data. tide zone. Concept: As a class you should decide on one of the follow- Students need time to "discover" the beach. An ing activities to do while you are at the beach as initial Discovery Hike can provide a hands-on a way to structure your field experience. At the learning environment by familiarizing the students very least you should do the Biodiversity Check- with common abundant organisms and an intro- list, which will provide data on the organisms duction to tide zones. that can be found at your beach and can provide the beginnings for further inquiry activities if you Materials: choose to do them. Timed counts can be a very exciting way to focus your search for animals and � Handout: Biodiversity Checklist are highly recommended. � Clipboards � Marine invertebrate guides or ID charts Biodiversity Checklist: � Stopwatch Use this list to check off all of the organisms you Preparation: observe on the beach while on your Discovery Hike. Make copies of the Biodiversity Checklist. Divide your class into tide zones and have groups All classes should participate in a beach discovery of students exploring tidal bands on the beach or walk as an initial filed trip to observe local organ- you can have different groups walk a vertical band isms, check out the various types of organisms to by beginning at the water's edge and working their be found at the different tidal heights and to do an way up to the highest level on the beach where an initial species biodiversity checklist. This will help organism can be found. classes who are participating in the Coastwalk and/ or Intertidal Sampling projects pick their species Positively identify the organisms by checking to monitor and get the students excited about their with your identification guide and matching the field work. scientific name if possible. Make sure you have done the pre-trip activities Once done, the class data can be combined to get relevant to this field trip. Students should be a final comprehensive species diversity list. dressed warmly and have an idea of what they will be looking for on their beach walk. Timed Counts: Activities & Procedures Timed counts are a beach scavenger hunt! Groups will count one species (or animal group) of inter- Tell the students that they are going on a Discovery tidal organism at a time for a 10 minute period. Hike which means they should walk with eyes 1 © Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies, 2014 CoastWatch Curriculum Intertidal Discovery Hike Continued Following at least 15 minutes of initial beach explo- ences in observation techniques and scientific ration, ask the class to choose the animal groups to monitoring methodology, and learn from their count based on what they saw in their explorations. peers. Divide students into pairs. Gather the group together and have a scientific convention. Ask each student group to report their Work as a class to assign each group an animal (or findings to the rest of their scientist peers. animal group) to count. Act as a convention reporter, asking key questions Each group should search for animals in a limited of the scientists and audience: “How did you come area where the category of animal is known to oc- about these findings?” and “How would you have cur. For example, if you are searching for seastars, gone about answering this question?” go to where you know seastars occur, then start your 10 minutes of counting. In particular, it is key to prod students to ask and answer their own questions about the data they If you have a large class, pairs of students can count are collecting and the merits of their methodology. the same animals but search in different areas of the beach. The numbers can then be combined for Make a list of all of the students' questions, group data analysis. them in categories and discuss what makes a good "inquiry" or testable question. The goal is to count as many of the organisms as possible to give you an idea of the overall abun- Stress that scientists are just everyday people who dance of the organism on your beach. have questions and attempt to answer to them. Sometimes you can begin with one hypothesis Instruct students that they should only count those but over time it can change with more observation organisms they can see on the surface and should or knowledge. Discuss the mportance of sharing not turn over rocks or search under seaweed. scientific knowledge within not only the scientific community, but the entire community at large as A student or the teacher should give the signal well. for starting and stopping the counts. Each group should count only one category of animal at time. Extensions & Lesson Connections: At the end of 10 minutes, gather students together This lesson works as a great introduction to to share observations. student-designed inquiries or more involved monitoring projects. Do another timed count with other animals, if you have time. Evaluation: Wrap-up: Assess data sheets for completeness and accuracy. Evaluate student participation and cooperation Hold a scientific convention to give students a during group work, and observe student chance to share their findings, talk about differ- contributions during the scientific convention. © Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies, 2014 2 Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies INTERTIDAL BIODIVERSITY CHECKLIST Molluscs: Bivalves p Barnacles Butter Clam p Acorn Barnacle p Steamer/Pacific Littleneck Clam p p Thatched Barnacle Nuttall’s Cockle Amphipods p Truncated Mya p p Beach Hopper Northwest Ugly Clam p Pink Beach Hopper p Arctic Rock Borer p p Skeleton Shrimp Baltic Macoma Isopods p Stained Macoma p p Pillbug Isopod Pacific Surf Clam p Rockweed Isopod p Pacific Blue Mussel p Crabs Horse Mussel p Black-clawed Cancer/Pygmy Rock Crab p Pink Scallop p p Helmet/Horse Crab Rock Jingle p Decorator Crab Snails p Graceful Kelp Crab p Sitka Periwinkle p Carapace/Hairy Crab p Helicina/Spiral Margarite p Red Hermit Crab p Puppet Margarite p Bering Hermit Crab p Hairy Triton p Hairy Hermit Crab p p Arctic Moonsnail Greenmark Hermit Crab p Channelled Dogwinkle p Widehand Hermit Crab p Emarginate Dogwinkle p Heart Crab p Frilled Dogwinkle p Umbrella Crab p File Dogwinkle p _________________________ p Big Mouth/Paper Whelk p __________________________ p Amphissa Snail Cnidarians: Limpets Anemones p Dunce Cap Limpet p Burrowing Green Anemone p Plate Limpet p Orange Colonial Anemone p Shield Limpet p Frilled/Plumose Anemone p Christmas Anemone Chitons p Scarlet Anemone p Black Katy/Leather Chiton/Bidarki p Sea Jellies Lined Chiton p Moon Jelly p Mossy Chiton p p Many-Ribbed Hydromedusa Tiger Chiton p Sea Nettle p Gumboot Chiton p p Lion’s Mane Jelly Dwarf Chiton p __________________________ Nudibranchs Echinoderms: p Maned/Shaggy Nudibranch p Sea Stars False Sea Lemon/False Lemon Peel p True Star p Opalescent Nudibranch p p Little Six-rayed Star Barnacle-Eating Nudibranch p Leather Star Pulmonates p Sunflower Star p Leather Limpet p Ochre Star p False Limpet p Red-banded/Rainbow Star p Morning Sun Star Cephalopods p Stimpson’s Sun Star p Pacific Octopus p Rose Star p p __________________________ Blood Star p __________________________ Brittle Stars p p __________________________ Daisy Brittle Star p p __________________________ Serpent Star Sea Urchins p Arthropods: Green Sea Urchin p Purple Sea Urchin Shrimp p Red Sea Urchin p Broken-back Shrimp Sea Cucumbers p Coonstripe Shrimp p p Red/Orange Sea Cucumber Sand Shrimp p Silky Sea Cucumber p Black/Tar Spot Sea Cucumber p __________________________ Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies INTERTIDAL BIODIVERSITY CHECKLIST (Page 2) Worms and Worm-like Organisms: Sponges: Annelids p Breadcrumb Sponge p Mussel/Clam Worm p Purple Encrusting Sponge p Northern Feather Duster/Carpet Worm p Orange Sponge p Cone Worm p Wandering Sponge p Free Swimming Scale Worm p Commensal Scaleworm Brachiopods: p Calcareous Tube Worm p Transverse Lampshell p Spiral Tube Worm p Terebellid/Spaghetti Worm Ctenophores: p Blood Worm p Gooseberry p Slime-Tube Worm p Comb Jelly Flatworms p Bryozoans: Giant Flatworm p Encrusting Bryozoan Nemerteans p Staghorn Bryozoan p Amphiporous Worm p Red Ribbon Worm Chordates: p Black/Green Ribbon Worm Tunicates p Colonial Tunicate/Sea Pork Echiurans p Sea Peach p Fat Innkeeper/Alaskan Spoonworm Sipunculids Fish p p Peanut Worm Tidepool Sculpin p Gunnel Fish p Pacific Sand Lance p __________________________ p Northern Clingfish p__________________________ Other: p _____________________________ p _____________________________ p _____________________________ Total Intertidal Biodiversity Count: _________ Other Observations: Landscape Changes Mammals and Birds ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ Abnormalities in animals Human Impact _________________________ ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ _________________________ ______________________________________ Location of Survey: ______________________________ Date: _______________________ School/Group: ______________________________ Weather: ________________________ Low Tide: _________ Wind: _____________ Air Temp: ________ Water Temp: ________ Other Notes: ________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KLMN Featured Creature Sculpins
    National Park Service Featured Creature U.S. Department of the Interior February 2021 Klamath Network Inventory & Monitoring Division Natural Resources Stewardship & Science Sculpins Cottidae General Description Habitat and Distribution Darting low through tide pools or lurking Sculpins occur in both marine and freshwater in stream bottoms, members of the large habitats of North America, Europe, and Asia, fish family, Cottidae, are commonly called with just a few marine species in the southern USFWS/ROGER TABOR sculpins. They also go by “bullhead” or “sea hemisphere. Most abundant in the North Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) scorpion,” and even some very unflattering Pacific, they tend to frequent shallow water terms, like “double uglies.” You’re not likely and tide pools. In North American coldwa- to catch one on your fishing line, but if you ter streams, they overlap the same habitat as them to keep them oxygenated until they look carefully into ocean tide pools, you trout and salmon, including small headwater hatch a few weeks later into baby fish, known may spot these well camouflaged creatures streams, lakes, and rocky areas of lowland as fry. The fry will be sexually mature in time moving around the bottom. Most of the more rivers. Freshwater sculpin are sometimes the for the next breeding season. than 250–300 known species in this family are only abundant fish species in streams. Inland marine, though some live in freshwater. species found in Pacific Northwest streams Fun Facts include the riffle sculpin (Cottus gulosus), • Some sculpins are able to compress their Generally, sculpins are bottom-dwelling prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), and coastrange skull bones to fit inside small spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3 Marine Spcies Lists
    Appendix 3 Marine Species Lists with Abundance and Habitat Notes for Provincial Helliwell Park Marine Species at “Wall” at Flora Islet and Reef Marine Species at Norris Rocks Marine Species at Toby Islet Reef Marine Species at Maude Reef, Lambert Channel Habitats and Notes of Marine Species of Helliwell Provincial Park Helliwell Provincial Park Ecosystem Based Plan – March 2001 Marine Species at wall at Flora Islet and Reef Common Name Latin Name Abundance Notes Sponges Cloud sponge Aphrocallistes vastus Abundant, only local site occurance Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni numerous Numerous, only local site where Chimney sponge, Boot sponge Staurocalyptus dowlingi numerous Scallop sponges Myxilla, Mycale Orange ball sponge Tethya californiana Fairly numerous Aggregated vase sponge Polymastia pacifica One sighting Hydroids Sea Fir Abietinaria sp. Corals Orange sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi Numerous Orange cup coral Balanophyllia elegans Abundant Zoanthids Epizoanthus scotinus Numerous Anemones Short plumose anemone Metridium senile Fairly numerous Giant plumose anemone Metridium gigantium Fairly numerous Aggregate green anemone Anthopleura elegantissima Abundant Tube-dwelling anemone Pachycerianthus fimbriatus Abundant Fairly numerous, only local site other Crimson anemone Cribrinopsis fernaldi than Toby Islet Swimming anemone Stomphia sp. Fairly numerous Jellyfish Water jellyfish Aequoria victoria Moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita Lion's mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata Particuilarly abundant
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Life History of the Fluffy Sculpin
    ASPECTS OF THE LIFE HISIDRY OF THE FLUFFY SCULPIN, OLIGOCOTTUS SNYDERI MARY C. FREEMAN,! NATE NEALLY,2 AND GARY D. GROSSMAN! ABSTRACf We examined age structure, growth rates, and diets of male and female OligocQttus snyderi Greeley at Dillon Beach, CA, where this sculpin numerically dominates the mid- and lower intertidal fish assemblage. 1\vo age classes, 0+ and 1+. were present; maximum lifespan was about 1.5 years. Instantaneous popula· tion growth rates were highest for the 0+ age class, and most individuals attained spawning size during the first year oflife. Growth rates for both age classes were highest during the high productivity Upwell­ ing period and minimal during the low productivity, Oceanic-Davidson Current period. Males and females primarily consumed gammarid amphipods and polychaetes. Larger individuals (~50 mm SL) of both sexes consumed a wider variety of prey, including shrimps, crabs. and isopods. Among year and seasonal dietary changes were minimal. Females consumed two times more gammarids by weight than males during the low productivity Oceanic-Davidson Current period. when ovarian recrudescence occurs. Females may increase food consumption to meet the increased energetic demands ofegg production. Rapid sexual maturation and growth and the occurrence of recruitment during upwelling probably are adaptations to the pronounced annual cycle of productivity. These adaptations, together with intense utiliza­ tion of an abundant prey (gammaridsl not widely consumed by other assemblage members. probably con­ tribute to O. 81~yderi'S numerical dominance in the rocky intertidal of central California. The fluffy sculpin, Oligocottus snyderi Greeley, is a ject to pronounced annual cycles of oceanic produc­ common species which inhabits the rocky intertidal tivity (Parrish et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes-Of-The-Salish-Sea-Pp18.Pdf
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 18 Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distributional analysis Theodore W. Pietsch James W. Orr September 2015 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce Papers NMFS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientifi c Editor Administrator Richard Langton National Marine Fisheries Service National Marine Northeast Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Service Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Offi ce of Science and Technology Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientifi c Publications Offi ce 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service - The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is published by the Scientifi c Publications Offi ce, National Marine Fisheries Service, The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, fl ora and fauna studies, and data- Seattle, WA 98115. intensive reports on investigations in fi shery science, engineering, and economics. The Secretary of Commerce has Copies of the NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series are available free in limited determined that the publication of numbers to government agencies, both federal and state. They are also available in this series is necessary in the transac- exchange for other scientifi c and technical publications in the marine sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Cognition and Navigational Learning Within the Sculpin Genus Oligocottus
    Prized Writing 2011–2012 Spatial Cognition and Navigational Learning within the Sculpin Genus Oligocottus ANDREW MADDOX Writer’s Comment: For as long as I can remember, I have always been in awe of the ocean and the life that lives there. So when I was presented with the challenge of constructing my own research project at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory as part of my Marine Biology Immersion, I jumped at the opportunity. During my time at the lab, I became intrigued by how tidepool animals perceived and moved about the intertidal zone, so I chose to study the navigational skills of small tidepool fish known as sculpins. I worked countless hours for many weeks on my project before I was ready to reveal my findings to the laboratory professionals. When I later enrolled in Victor Squitieri’s UWP 104E Science Writing course, I was assigned to write an experimental report in the format of an official scientific journal. My previous research was the perfect platform for this assignment, and I took the opportunity to rework my old project into a report worthy of professional presentation. My thanks go out to Professor Squitieri for his writing critique and guidance, as well as all the professors and personnel at the Bodega Marine Laboratory who helped make my research possible. Instructor’s Comment: Armed with a passionate interest in the navigational feats of teleosts, and fresh from fieldwork at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Andrew Maddox arrived in my UWP 104E Scientific and Technical Writing course eager to put his interest and expertise to work.
    [Show full text]
  • Intertidal Zones Cnidaria (Stinging Animals)
    Intertidal Zones Cnidaria (stinging animals) Green anemone (Anthopleura anthogrammica) The green anemone is mainly an outer-coast species. Microscopic algae live symbiotically inside this anemone, give the anemone its green color, and provide it with food from photosynthesis. The green anemone can be solitary or live in groups, and are often found in tidepools. This anemone only reproduces sexually. Touch the anemone very gently with one wet finger and see how it feels! Aggregating anemone (Anthopleura elegantissima) The aggregating anemone reproduces both sexually and asexually. It reproduces sexually by releasing eggs and sperm into the water. To reproduce asexually, it stretches itself into an oval column, and then keeps “walking away from itself” until it splits in half. The two “cut” edges of a half-anemone heal together, forming a complete, round column, and two clones instead of one. Aggregate anemone colonies are known for fighting with other colonies of these asexually- produced clones. When different clone colonies meet they will attack each other by releasing the stinging cells in their tentacles. This warfare usually results in an open space between two competing clone colonies known as “a neutral zone”. Aggregate anemones also house symbiotic algae that give the animal its green color. The rest of the food it needs comes from prey items captured by the stinging tentacles such as small crabs, shrimp, or fish. Genetically identical, clones can colonize and completely cover rocks. Be very careful when walking on the rocks…aggregating anemones are hard to spot at first and look like sandy blobs. Watch where you step so you don’t crush anemone colonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Flashcards: Marine Organisms
    Organism name Diatom (chains – Chaetoceros) Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Source of picture M. Dubose, San Francisco Bay Organism name Diatom (chains – Stephanopyxis) Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Source of picture M. Dubose, San Francisco Bay Organism name Diatoms Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Source of picture K. Wiese, San Francisco Bay Organism name Diatoms (pillow) Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Ocan 1Lab – WARD’s slide of recent Source of picture marine diatoms Organism name Diatoms (centric) -- Coscinodiscus Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Source of picture M. Dubose, San Francisco Bay Organism name Diatom (Isthmia nervosa) Phylum Classification Protista, Chrysophyta Single-celled autotrophs with SiO2 or Characteristics shells Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Producer Notes SiO2 shells; ornate shell design. Source of picture M. Dubose, San Francisco Bay Organism name Foraminifera (globigerina) Phylum Classification Protista, Sarcodina, Rhizopodea Single cell, CaCO3 shell, spines on shell allow for capturing prey; holes in shell Characteristics allow for movement and feeding through cellular extensions Habitat Class Plankton Feeding Method Suspension Feeder Source of picture M.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Reproduction of the Tidepool Sculpin Oligocottus Maculosus
    Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚 類 学 雑 誌 Vol.36, No.4 1990 36巻4号1990年 Growth and Reproduction of the Tidepool Sculpin Oligocottus maculosus Bryan E. Pierce and Keith B. Pierson (Received October 9, 1987) Abstract Growth and reproduction of tidepool sculpins (Oligocottus maculosus) from three sites in Puget Sound, Washington State, USA were characterized. One site was a sandy, gently sloping beach, the second was an exposed rock headland with minimal algal cover, and the third was an exposed rock headland with numerous tidepools containing abundant algal cover. Length- weight relationships for sculpins did not differ significantly between sexes within sites. Popula- tion age structure, growth rate and recruitment varied among the three study sites using data pooled across both sexes. Young-of-the-year sculpins comprised 91% of the population at the exposed headland site with minimal algal cover but only 6% at the headland with abundant algal cover. Selective predation by great blue herons (Ardea herodias) upon tidepool sculpins larger than 45mm total length assisted in the maintainance of these age structures. A maximum gon- adosomatic index of 28.5 was calculated; this index correlated poorly with either age, length or somatic weight. Diameters of unshed ova from preserved tidepool sculpins sampled prior to spawning fell into three classes. Comparison of the mean egg size of each mode and the number of modes present in preserved sculpins with similar data from tidepool sculpins that spawned in the laboratory suggested that spawning occurred twice yearly from at least January through August. The tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus length and weight and proposed that the fish was Girard, is a small cottid inhabiting rocky intertidal a multiple spawner.
    [Show full text]
  • Seashore Bingo
    SEASHORE BINGO Seashore Bingo 89 ©2001 The Regents of the University of California FOR THE TEACHER Discipline Biological Science Theme Diversity Key Concept The rocky seashore is a habitat for many different types of plants and animals. Synopsis Students observe the diversity of plant and animal life at the rocky seashore. They identify the names and pictures of plants and animals by playing a bingo game using drawings of rocky seashore organisms. (Seashore Charades is a good companion activity to do either before or after Seashore Bingo.) Science Processing Skills observing, comparing Social Skills encourage, check for agreement Vocabulary diversity, adaptation MATERIALS INTO the activities Seashore Bingo 90 ©2001 The Regents of the University of California • One or more of the following: • MARE’s Seashore Charades slide show, • and/or numerous pictures of rocky seashore organisms (good sources are photographs in magazines or books such as Tidepools—see Literature Connections in the Interdisciplinary section), • and/or rocky seashore videos (the Monterey Bay Aquarium video is excellent as is the “Seashore” video—see the Resources section) THROUGH the activities • Key Concept written in large letters on butcher or chart paper • 19 organism drawings (Bingo Clue Cards) copied and colored. Optional: laminate the clue cards • Bingo Boards (copy 2–3 of each and color; one board per student). Optional: laminate the Bingo Boards • Bingo markers (six per student) such as beans, poker chips, or squares of colored construction paper • a cup for each student to hold bingo markers optional • card stock • colored pens or crayons for each student INTRODUCTION “It is time for the preachers, the rabbis, the priests and pundits, and the professors to believe in the awesome wonder of diversity so that they can teach those who follow them.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of the Rosylip Sculpin, an Intertidal Spawner
    Journal of Fish Biology (2004) 64, 863–875 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00355.x,availableonlineathttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com Reproductive biology of the rosylip sculpin, an intertidal spawner C. W. PETERSEN*†‡, K. A. ZARRELLA*†, C. A. RUBEN† AND C. MAZZOLDI†§ *College of the Atlantic, 105 Eden St., Bar Harbor, ME 04 609, U.S.A., †Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98 250, U.S.A. and §Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35 131 Padova, Italy (Received 26 March 2003, Accepted 23 December 2003) Rosylip sculpin Ascelichthys rhodorus spawned in the intertidal during the winter in the north- eastern Pacific. Large numbers of males typically congregated at spawning sites, where females deposited clutches. The mating system of this species was external fertilization and group spawning at specific oviposition sites under boulders in the intertidal, and no alternative male mating strategies. Males were abundant at sites while oviposition was occurring, and most abandoned the sites as spawning tapered off seasonally despite the presence of developing clutches. Experimental removal of males from sites suggested that males provided some short- term benefits to clutches, with catastrophic loss of clutches significantly lower when males were present. The large number of males at an oviposition site and histological evidence indicating high sperm production and storage of sperm prior to release suggest a high level of sperm competition in this species. This spawning pattern appears to differ in substantial ways from any other reported fish mating system. # 2004 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles Key words: external fertilization; filial cannibalism; reproduction; sculpin; spawning; sperm competition.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Seashore Animals of Southeastern Alaska a Field Guide by Aaron Baldwin
    Common seashore animals of Southeastern Alaska A field guide by Aaron Baldwin All pictures taken by Aaron Baldwin Last update 9/15/2014 unless otherwise noted. [email protected] Seashore animals of Southeastern Alaska By Aaron Baldwin Introduction Southeast Alaska (the “Alaskan Panhandle”) is an ecologically diverse region that extends from Yakutat to Dixon Entrance south of Prince of Wales Island. A complex of several hundred islands, fjords, channels, and bays, SE Alaska has over 3,000 miles of coastline. Most people who live or visit Southeast Alaska have some idea of the incredible diversity of nature found here. From mountain tops to the cold, dark depths of our many fjords, life is everywhere. The marine life of SE Alaska is exceptionally diverse for several reasons. One is simply the amount of coast, over twice the amount of the coastline of Washington, Oregon, and California combined! Within this enormous coastline there is an incredible variety of habitats, each with their own ecological community. Another reason for SE Alaska’s marine diversity is that we are in an overlap zone between two major faunal provinces. These provinces are defined as large areas that contain a similar assemblage of animals. From northern California to SE Alaska is a faunal province called the Oregonian Province. From the Aleutian Island chain to SE Alaska is the Aleutian Province. What this means is that while our sea life is generally similar to that seen in British Columbia and Washington state, we also have a great number of northern species present. History of this guide http://www.film.alaska.gov/ This guide began in 2009 as a simple guide to common seashore over 600 species! In addition to expanding the range covered, I animals of Juneau, Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Cross-Tolerance in the Tidepool Sculpin: the Role of Heat Shock Proteins
    133 Cross-Tolerance in the Tidepool Sculpin: The Role of Heat Shock Proteins Anne E. Todgham1,* ganism to a subsequent stressor of a different nature (Kampinga Patricia M. Schulte2 et al. 1995; Sabehat et al. 1998). Li and Hahn (1978) were George K. Iwama1,3 among the first researchers to document that cultured mam- 1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British malian cells, preconditioned by exposure to a sublethal heat Columbia, 266B-2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British stress, acquire greater resistance to subsequent heat and chem- Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; 2Department of Zoology, ical exposure. Studies in fish have shown that a mild heat shock University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia can increase the tolerance of cells to subsequent thermal (On- V6T 1Z4, Canada; 3Faculty of Science, Acadia University, corhynchus mykiss RTG-2 cells; Mosser et al. 1987), chemical Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada (Pleuronectes americanus renal epithelia cells; Brown et al. 1992; Renfro et al. 1993), osmotic (Salmo salar; DuBeau et al. 1998), Accepted 4/26/04; Electronically Published 2/25/05 and acid challenges (Martin et al. 1998). Studies conducted in model systems have expanded our understanding of the bound- aries of stress-induced tolerance (Henle and Leeper 1976; Mos- ser et al. 1987; Hahn and Li 1990; Krebs and Feder 1998). In ABSTRACT general, increasing the magnitude or duration of the prelimi- Cross-tolerance, or the ability of one stressor to transiently nary stressor increases subsequent stress tolerance; however, increase tolerance to a second heterologous stressor, is thought once the preliminary stressor reaches a certain magnitude, or- to involve the induction of heat shock proteins (Hsp).
    [Show full text]