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Nevada South of the Fortieth Parallel and Adjacent Portions of California

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Nevada South of the Fortieth Parallel and Adjacent Portions of California Bulletin No. 208 Series B, Descriptive Geology, 27 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIKECTOK DESCRIPTIVE GEOLOGY OF NEVADA SOUTH OF THE FORTIETH PARALLEL AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF CALIFORNIA BY JOSIAH EDWARD SPURR WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 190.3 CONTENTS. Pago. Introduction. ............................^............................... 15 Explanation of formation names ---..---.-.....------_---.-..---..------- 18 Aubrey limestone and sandstone _..____..__..__._.------.____..------- 18 Chuar series ........................^................................. 18 Diamond Peak quartzite ._---___.__._------..-...--.-_...____.--..... 18 Esmeralda formation ............... ..--.--......--.--..........---.. 19 Eureka quartzite --__._...--._.._...__...._________.___.__.._._..__.___ 19 Grand Canyon group __._--__.__..___-..---. ...-------.-.---......... 19 Hamburg limestone and shale .^...................................... 19 Humboldt series.----..--...........:...-........-.--..-.-....-.--..- 20 Koipato formation..__._.----.__..___----._______.--_..._____'_--.___. 20 Lone Mountain limestone ....................'.....!.................. 20 Nevada limestone.. .^.^.............................................. 20 Ogden quartzite ..................................................... 20 Pogonip formation..................................................... 21 Prospect Mountain limestone and quartzite.........-....-......----.. 21 Red Wall limestone ................................................... 21 Secret Canyon shale:................................................. 22 Star Peak formation ................................................. 22 Tonto shale and sandstone ........................................... 22 Truckee formation. ......-.. ..................................._..... 22 Unkar formation ................................................^... 23 Wasatch limestone. -......----........--....... ..'.----........------- 23 Weber conglomerate.........-.......--..-.......-............------. 23 White Pine shale ..................................................... 23 Chapter I. Ranges of east-central Nevada. ...........-.............'.....'... 25 Snake Range ...-..--.....-.-..-......--.......""....-.-.-.......--..-.. 25 Topography...........'.......................................... 25 Archean rocks -.......--..-..........-........-..--.-.-..._....-.. 26 Sedimentary rocks ............................................... 27 Cambrian ................................................... 27 Silurian ...................................................... 30 Carboniferous ---,...-.-...-.-.--.-.---...---.-.-.-...--.-... 32 Mesozoic or Tertiary..................... ..............----. 33 Pliocene--.......-...........'.... .......................----. 34 Pleistocene ...._ ............................................. 34 Igneous rocks......................... ........................... 35 Lavas -.--.--....-.-..-.-.....---.----.-.----....-...--.-.-.- 35 Dike rocks......................... ........................... 35 Structure........................................................ 35 Folds......-..-......:.;.......................-.......-...... 35 Faults.-..-................................-...........--_-.. 35 Ores..-...-........-....--.......-.......--...-.-......-...--..-. 36 3 4 - CONTENTS. Chapter I. Ranges of east-central Nevada Continued. Page. Cedar Range and Clover Valley Mountains ..--......._............... 36 Antelope Range ....................'................................. 37 Sedimentary rocks---...-..--..---..----..--...-...-.....-----... 37 Igneous rocks... -.--_-.---_-..-_-_-----.-----__-_----._.----_--.-- 37 Structure.. .................................^........^.....'.....'. 38 SchellCreek and Highland ranges ........... .----.-.---.--.-...-...-..- 38 Sedimentary rocks ^.............-..^............................. 38 Cambrian ................................................... 38 Silurian .-----.._.-----.-..-. .--.--.--.-.---.-..--.----.--..- 42 Devonian...._............... .--..--....--.--.----.--'---.-... 43 Carboniferous ....'....--..-...--....... -_-_---_-----___-_---_ 43 Igneous rocks. -.-........-.--..--..--..'.---.--...-. .-..---......- 44 Lavas -..---.-...-....--- ._.-.------.---...-.-.-.....------.. 44 Dikes...-----.--___---------------------.------------_------- 44 Structure -__--._----..-.----------------------------------------. 44 Folding. ..........................,....^.................. ... - 44 Faulting.........:........ ................^................. 45 Egan Range......--.......,.--.-.-----.--.-...--------.-.----..-.... 47 Topography .............-..------.---..-.-..----.--....--...... - 47 Archean rocks -.........--..----..-.----.--....----...----..-.-.'- 47 Sedimentary rocks ---.--..--.-.---......-'--...-.------. ----.--....- 47 Cambrian .....'................1...................... ....... 47 Silurian ...................................................... 48 Devonian ---------- ...-._..----..---. .---..-....-- .-.----...- 49 Carboniferous .....-.'---.-------..-.. .'---.-----.---.--.--..- 51 Igneous rocks.-.-----.---.--------...---.--.------------.--.------ 52 Lavas ....-........-.---..-.---.--.---.----..:..----.- --.-.... 52 Dikes---..-----.------.-------.------------------------------ 53 Structure ....-----..--..-.---.--.---..-.-.---..----.-.-.-.--..--.. 53 Folding ..-........----...--.-..--..-----.-.---_-.--..-.-...- 53 Faulting ...........-------.-----.-.---...-----.--.--.-..--.- 54 Ores.----.---------------.--.------------ ------ ^----------------- 54. Long Valley Range ........-.... -.-.-.-.-.-... 1 --------------------- 54 Topography..................-.---.---.-...-...--.--.---.-....... 55 Sedimentary rocks .....-..........'.................................. 55 Carboniferous ...................... r .-...-.---.--..-..--.... 55 Igneous rocks............. ..---..--.--..----.----------------..- 56 Lavas _...... ..................................... ..^......... 56 Structure.....-.-.....----..------.------------------.-.------..- 56 Folding ............--..-..----------..------.-..- .---------.. 56 Golden Gate Range.. ............................'.............. ...... 57 Topography....-.....--_----.-.-.--....------.------.-----_-.--- 57 Sedimentary rocks ---------- .-.-------.--.-..-----..-.-.----.--.. 57 Silurian...-.-.....--..-.-.--.--.-------.------------.-----.- 57 Devonian. --------------------------------------------------- 58 Pleistocene ..........^........................................ 58 Igneous rocks. - --.--.---...----------- --------------------------- 58 Structure.------------------------------------------------------- 59 Folding ............-.------------------------------------.-. 59 Faulting _---..-_-_------------------------------------------ 59 Humboldt Range --.-.._--.----------.----.-----------------.-------- 59 Topography ...........-----.---------.-------.------------------ 59 Sedimentary rocks......---...----..--.-.------------.-----..---. 60 CONTENTS. 5 Chapter I. Ranges of east-central Nevada Continued. Page. Humboldt Range Continued. Igneous rocks.-.-----.-.--...---..---.._-_---._______.._____.__._.. 61 Structure....__-_--.-------..__--________.___________...______._.- 61 Folding ........................................................ 61 Faulting .................................................... 61 White Pine Range.....----.-.-......'...-...........----...-.-......- 61 Topography .................................^................... 62 Sedimentary rocks..-.. --....."... _..--..-...-.-.-.-....----.-...- 62 .Cambrian ................................................... 62 ' Silurian ..................................................... 63 Devonian.................................................... 63 Carboniferous ------.-...-.---.--------.-------.-----.......- 63 Rhyolite ash.--.-.-.----.-.....-.-....--.......--.--........-- 65 Igneous rocks .................................................... 65 Lava.... ...'..--........................ ....--..--'........... 65 G-ranite ...........-...-......-...--------.-.--..--.----...--. 65 Structure ................................... .-.------..........- 65 Folding ..................................................... 65 Faulting ..................................................... 66 Relation of topography to structure .--.._--.---_-..__-____._____. 67 Ores ...................................................._....... 68 Quinn Canyon and Grant ranges....-------....--...-._.-----........ 68 Topography..................................................... 68 Sedimentary rocks.....-....:....---......-..--..------.........-. 69 Cambrian..-----.-.-.-.._..--..............-...............- 69 Silurian.................................. ................... 69 Devonian _____.--.-..______.__._.______.____----__._________. 71 Carboniferous ............................................... 72 Pliocene-...-.----....-..-..--.-.---..........----.-.........- 72 Igneous rocks -.----.-.--..-.....----......----.--.-..-.--..--..-. 72 Rhyolite and granite.......................................... 72 Basaltic volcanics ........................................... 73 Quartz-latites -......--.---..------..--..-..-..--.-.-.-...--.. 73 Relative-age of lavas --......_.......-------'-----...----..._. 73 . Structure ......................................^..............i.. 73 Folding...........-.--.............--.--.--....---.........- 73 Faulting ......,..................:.....-........-...........
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